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Helgudóttir SS, Mørkholt AS, Lichota J, Bruun-Nyzell P, Andersen MC, Kristensen NMJ, Johansen AK, Zinn MR, Jensdóttir HM, Nieland JDV. Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases: neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1437-1445. [PMID: 38051885 PMCID: PMC10883494 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Currently, there is a lack of effective medicines capable of halting or reversing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease. Given the unmet medical need, it is necessary to reevaluate the existing paradigms of how to target these diseases. When considering neurodegenerative diseases from a systemic neurometabolic perspective, it becomes possible to explain the shared pathological features. This innovative approach presented in this paper draws upon extensive research conducted by the authors and researchers worldwide. In this review, we highlight the importance of metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. We provide an overview of the risk factors associated with developing neurodegenerative disorders, including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Additionally, we examine pathological mechanisms implicated in these diseases such as oxidative stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, inflammation, demyelination, death of neurons, insulin resistance, dysbiosis, and neurotransmitter disturbances. Finally, we outline a proposal for the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism, a crucial aspect that may hold the key to facilitating curative therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders in forthcoming advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacek Lichota
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Christian Andersen
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Marie Juhl Kristensen
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Amanda Krøger Johansen
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikela Reinholdt Zinn
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hulda Maria Jensdóttir
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Dirk Vestergaard Nieland
- 2N Pharma ApS, NOVI Science Park, Aalborg, Denmark
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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2
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Dorsey ER, De Miranda BR, Horsager J, Borghammer P. The Body, the Brain, the Environment, and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:363-381. [PMID: 38607765 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The brain- and body-first models of Lewy body disorders predict that aggregated alpha-synuclein pathology usually begins in either the olfactory system or the enteric nervous system. In both scenarios the pathology seems to arise in structures that are closely connected to the outside world. Environmental toxicants, including certain pesticides, industrial chemicals, and air pollution are therefore plausible trigger mechanisms for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we propose that toxicants inhaled through the nose can lead to pathological changes in alpha-synuclein in the olfactory system that subsequently spread and give rise to a brain-first subtype of Lewy body disease. Similarly, ingested toxicants can pass through the gut and cause alpha-synuclein pathology that then extends via parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways to ultimately produce a body-first subtype. The resulting spread can be tracked by the development of symptoms, clinical assessments, in vivo imaging, and ultimately pathological examination. The integration of environmental exposures into the brain-first and body-first models generates testable hypotheses, including on the prevalence of the clinical conditions, their future incidence, imaging patterns, and pathological signatures. The proposed link, though, has limitations and leaves many questions unanswered, such as the role of the skin, the influence of the microbiome, and the effects of ongoing exposures. Despite these limitations, the interaction of exogenous factors with the nose and the gut may explain many of the mysteries of Parkinson's disease and open the door toward the ultimate goal -prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ray Dorsey
- Department of Neurology and Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Patil RS, Tupe RS. Communal interaction of glycation and gut microbes in diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:365-405. [PMID: 37589449 DOI: 10.1002/med.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing gradually, reflecting a global threat vis-à-vis expressing the essentiality of a substantial paradigm shift in research and remedial actions. Protein glycation is influenced by several factors, like time, temperature, pH, metal ions, and the half-life of the protein. Surprisingly, most proteins associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders are generally long-lived and hence susceptible to glycation. Remarkably, proteins linked with diabetes, AD, and PD share this characteristic. This modulates protein's structure, aggregation tendency, and toxicity, highlighting renovated attention. Gut microbes and microbial metabolites marked their importance in human health and diseases. Though many scientific shreds of evidence are proposed for possible change and dysbiosis in gut flora in these diseases, very little is known about the mechanisms. Screening and unfolding their functionality in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders is essential in hunting the gut treasure. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of glycation as a common link in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, which helps to clarify if modulation of nonenzymatic glycation may act as a beneficial therapeutic strategy and gut microbes/metabolites may answer some of the crucial questions. This review briefly emphasizes the common functional attributes of glycation and gut microbes, the possible linkages, and discusses current treatment options and therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivaji Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Santosh Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Chahardehi AM, Hosseini Y, Mahdavi SM, Naseh I. The Zebrafish Model as a New Discovery Path for Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:306-314. [PMID: 36999188 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent degenerative central nervous system disorders affecting older adults. Dopaminergic neuron failure in the substantia nigra is a pathological sign connected with the motor shortfall of PD. Due to their low teratogenic and adverse effect potential, medicinal herbs have emerged as a promising therapy option for preventing and curing PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanism through which natural compounds provide neuroprotection against PD remains unknown. While testing compounds in vertebrates such as mice is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, zebrafish (Danio rerio) may offer an appealing alternative because they are vertebrates and share many of the same characteristics as humans. Zebrafish are commonly used as animal models for studying many human diseases, and their molecular history and bioimaging properties are appropriate for the study of PD. However, a literature review indicated that only six plants, including Alpinia oxyhylla, Bacopa monnieri, Canavalia gladiate, Centella asiatica, Paeonia suffruticosa, and Stachytarpheta indica had been investigated as potential PD treatments using the zebrafish model. Only C. asiatica and B. monnieri were found to have potential anti-PD activity. In addition to reviewing the current state of research in this field, these plants' putative mechanisms of action against PD are explored, and accessible assays for investigation are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Hosseini
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mahdavi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Naseh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ng MG, Chan BJL, Koh RY, Ng KY, Chye SM. Prevention of Parkinson's Disease: From Risk Factors to Early Interventions. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:746-760. [PMID: 37326115 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by progressively worsening motor dysfunction. Currently, available therapies merely alleviate symptoms, and there are no cures. Consequently, some researchers have now shifted their attention to identifying the modifiable risk factors of PD, with the intention of possibly implementing early interventions to prevent the development of PD. Four primary risk factors for PD are discussed including environmental factors (pesticides and heavy metals), lifestyle (physical activity and dietary intake), drug abuse, and individual comorbidities. Additionally, clinical biomarkers, neuroimaging, biochemical biomarkers, and genetic biomarkers could also help to detect prodromal PD. This review compiled available evidence that illustrates the relationship between modifiable risk factors, biomarkers, and PD. In summary, we raise the distinct possibility of preventing PD via early interventions of the modifiable risk factors and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan Ng
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brendan Jun Lam Chan
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Giri S, Mehta R, Mallick BN. REM Sleep Loss-Induced Elevated Noradrenaline Plays a Significant Role in Neurodegeneration: Synthesis of Findings to Propose a Possible Mechanism of Action from Molecule to Patho-Physiological Changes. Brain Sci 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 38275513 PMCID: PMC10813190 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Wear and tear are natural processes for all living and non-living bodies. All living cells and organisms are metabolically active to generate energy for their routine needs, including for survival. In the process, the cells are exposed to oxidative load, metabolic waste, and bye-products. In an organ, the living non-neuronal cells divide and replenish the lost or damaged cells; however, as neuronal cells normally do not divide, they need special feature(s) for their protection, survival, and sustenance for normal functioning of the brain. The neurons grow and branch as axons and dendrites, which contribute to the formation of synapses with near and far neurons, the basic scaffold for complex brain functions. It is necessary that one or more basic and instinct physiological process(es) (functions) is likely to contribute to the protection of the neurons and maintenance of the synapses. It is known that rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), an autonomic instinct behavior, maintains brain functioning including learning and memory and its loss causes dysfunctions. In this review we correlate the role of REMS and its loss in synaptogenesis, memory consolidation, and neuronal degeneration. Further, as a mechanism of action, we will show that REMS maintains noradrenaline (NA) at a low level, which protects neurons from oxidative damage and maintains neuronal growth and synaptogenesis. However, upon REMS loss, the level of NA increases, which withdraws protection and causes apoptosis and loss of synapses and neurons. We propose that the latter possibly causes REMS loss associated neurodegenerative diseases and associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunjai Giri
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Rachna Mehta
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
| | - Birendra Nath Mallick
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
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Rotondo R, Proietti S, Perluigi M, Padua E, Stocchi F, Fini M, Stocchi V, Volpe D, De Pandis MF. Physical activity and neurotrophic factors as potential drivers of neuroplasticity in Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102089. [PMID: 37844764 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, that still lacks of a disease-modifying treatment. Consistent evidence proved the benefits of physical therapy on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients, leading the scientific community to propose physical activity as disease-modifying therapy for PD and suggesting the involvement of neurotrophic factors (NFs) as key mediators of neuroplasticity. However, the lack of standardized exercise training and methodological flaws of clinical trials have limited the evidence demonstrating the exercise-induced changes in serum and plasma neurotrophic factors concentration. A systematic search, covering 20 years of research in this field and including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and non-RCTs), which reported changes in serum and plasma NFs after a specific intervention, were reviewed. Pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using a random effects model with R software. A total of 18 articles, of which exercise programs of interventions were codified in terms of type, intensity and duration adopting a standardisation methodology, were included in the systematic review. Six papers, describing the effect of different training programs on BDNF and IGF-1 levels, were included and independently analysed in two meta-analyses. Quantitative analysis for BDNF indicated a statistically significant improvement in serum concentration of PD patients (MD: 5.99 ng/mL; 95%IC: 0.15 -11.83; I2 = 77%) performing physical activity compared with control conditions in RCTs. Preliminary evidence supported the hypothesis that a moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MIAE) would be necessary to induce the changes in NFs. However, sensitivity analysis of meta-analysis and the few studies included in subgroup analysis did not support these results. Alongside, meta-analysis followed by sensitivity analysis revealed a potential change in serum IGF-1 (MD: 33.47 ng/mL; 95%IC: 8.09-58.85) in PD patients performing physical activity with respect controls in RCT studies. Considering the limited evidence to support or refute the increase in NFs levels in PD patients performing physical activity, there is a need to develop a rigorous controlled randomized trial, with standardization for loading intensity of physical activity, greater sample size, and a correct stratification of PD patients to establish a well-defined correlation between physical activity and NFs levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Telematic University, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Telematic University, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Telematic University, Italy
| | - Daniele Volpe
- Fresco Parkinson Center Villa Margherita S. Stefano Riabilitazione, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca De Pandis
- San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy; Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Telematic University, Italy.
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Doroszkiewicz J, Farhan JA, Mroczko J, Winkel I, Perkowski M, Mroczko B. Common and Trace Metals in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15721. [PMID: 37958705 PMCID: PMC10649239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements and metals play critical roles in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), and their dysregulation has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In a healthy CNS, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese play vital roles as enzyme cofactors, supporting neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, and antioxidant defense. Imbalances in these trace elements can lead to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration. In AD, copper and zinc imbalances are associated with amyloid-beta and tau pathology, impacting cognitive function. PD involves the disruption of iron and manganese levels, leading to oxidative damage and neuronal loss. Toxic metals, like lead and cadmium, impair synaptic transmission and exacerbate neuroinflammation, impacting CNS health. The role of aluminum in AD neurofibrillary tangle formation has also been noted. Understanding the roles of these elements in CNS health and disease might offer potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. The Codex Alimentarius standards concerning the mentioned metals in foods may be one of the key legal contributions to safeguarding public health. Further research is needed to fully comprehend these complex mechanisms and develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Doroszkiewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Ali Farhan
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Winkel
- Dementia Disorders Centre, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Scinawa, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Madhaw G, Kumar N. Dietary and Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: Beware of Your Food Plate and Your Surroundings! Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:101-103. [PMID: 37179674 PMCID: PMC10171004 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_82_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Govind Madhaw
- Department of Neurology, Center of Neurosciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Roy A, Choudhury S, Banerjee R, Basu P, Mondal B, Sarkar S, Anand SS, Dey S, Kumar H. Dietary and Environmental Risk Factors in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease: A Semi-Quantitative Pilot Study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:174-181. [PMID: 37179670 PMCID: PMC10171008 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_823_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Environmental influence and dietary variations are well-known risk factors for various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary evidence suggests that diet in early-life and living environment might influence the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in later phase of life. There have been limited epidemiologic studies on this aspect especially in India. In this hospital-based case-control study, we intended to identify dietary and environmental risk factors of PD. Methods Patients with PD (n = 105), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 53) and healthy individuals (n = 81) were recruited. Dietary intake and environmental exposures were assessed using a validated Food-Frequency and Environmental Hazard Questionnaire. Their demographic details and living environment were also recorded using the same questionnaire. Results Pre-morbid consumption of carbohydrate and fat was significantly higher whereas dietary fiber and fruit content was significantly lesser in PD as compared to AD and healthy age-matched controls. Meat and milk intake was the highest among all the food groups in PD patients. Rural living and their habitation near water bodies were significantly more frequent in PD patients. Conclusion We found that past intake of carbohydrate, fat, milk, and meat are associated with increased risk of PD. On the other hand, rural living and habitat near water bodies might be associated with incidence and severity of PD. Hence, preventive strategies related to dietary and environmental modulators in PD might be clinically useful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Roy
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rebecca Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Banashree Mondal
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sidharth Shankar Anand
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- UGC Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and UGC Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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John Marshal J, Kuriakose BB, Alhazmi AH, Muthusamy K. Mechanistic insights into the role of vitamin D and computational identification of potential lead compounds for Parkinson's disease. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:434-445. [PMID: 36780350 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A recent study suggests that Orphan Nuclear Receptor 1 (NURR1) impairment may contribute to PD pathogenesis. Our study found three potent agonists for NURR1 protein based on structural and ligand-based screening methods. The pharmacophore is comprised of a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrophobic group, and two aromatic rings (DHRR). The Pharmacophore screening method screened 3142 compounds, of which 3 were screened using structure-based screening. An analysis of the molecules using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (binding free energy) revealed a range of -46.77 to -59.06 Kcal/mol. After that, chemical reactivity was investigated by density functional theory, and molecular dynamics simulation was performed (protein-ligand stability). Based on the computational studies, Lifechemical_16901310, Maybridge_2815310, and NPACT_392450 are promising agonists with respect to NURR1. To confirm the potency of the identified compounds, further validation and experiments must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Hamed Alhazmi
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Özduran G, Becer E, Vatansever HS. The Role and Mechanisms of Action of Catechins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:67-74. [PMID: 34817304 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1981487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence, incidence and mortality rates of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are gradually increasing. New approaches are being developed to manage the progression and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Catechins, polyphenolic compounds, are key compounds that demonstrate therapeutic effects with their properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The therapeutic effects of catechins have been exhaustively studied in human and animal models. Catechins can have anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammatory pathways and cytokines, as well as antioxidant effects such as chelating metal ions and scavenging radicals. They might reduce phosphorylation of tau proteins, aggregation of amyloid-beta and apoptotic proteins release. They can also decrease alpha-synuclein accumulation and increase dopamine levels. With all these effects, they can have an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. This review points to the potential mechanisms of catechins in neurodegenerative diseases, based on their findings in the literature review.Key teaching pointsCatechins can reduce amyloid-β plaque aggregation and tau phosphorylation.Catechins can decrease alfa-synuclein levels.Catechins can protect neuronal cells with their anti-apoptotic effect.More comprehensive studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Özduran
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10 Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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13
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Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e2. [PMID: 36377361 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
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Isoalantolactone (IAL) Regulates Neuro-Inflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis to Curb Pathology of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182927. [PMID: 36139502 PMCID: PMC9497122 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which neuronal apoptosis and associated inflammation are involved in its pathogenesis. However, there is still no specific treatment that can stop PD progression. Isoalantolactone (IAL) plays a role in many inflammation-related diseases. However, its effect and mechanism in PD remain unclear. In this study, results showed that IAL administration ameliorated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD-related pathological impairment and decreased motor activity in mice. Results from in vitro mechanistic studies showed that IAL regulated apoptosis-related proteins by activating the AKT/Nrf2 pathway, thereby suppressing the apoptosis of SN4741 cells induced by N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Iodide (MPP+). On the other hand, IAL inhibited LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators in BV2 cells by activating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, IAL protected SN4741 from microglial activation-mediated neurotoxicity. Taken together, these results highlight the beneficial role of IAL as a novel therapy and potential PD drug due to its pharmacological profile.
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15
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Nabi M, Tabassum N. Role of Environmental Toxicants on Neurodegenerative Disorders. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:837579. [PMID: 35647576 PMCID: PMC9131020 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.837579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration leads to the loss of structural and functioning components of neurons over time. Various studies have related neurodegeneration to a number of degenerative disorders. Neurological repercussions of neurodegeneration can have severe impacts on the physical and mental health of patients. In the recent past, various neurodegenerative ailments such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s illnesses have received global consideration owing to their global occurrence. Environmental attributes have been regarded as the main contributors to neural dysfunction-related disorders. The majority of neurological diseases are mainly related to prenatal and postnatal exposure to industrially produced environmental toxins. Some neurotoxic metals, like lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), Mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), and also pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles, have been implicated in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. The contaminants are known for their ability to produce senile or amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are the key features of these neurological dysfunctions. Besides, solvent exposure is also a significant contributor to neurological diseases. This study recapitulates the role of environmental neurotoxins on neurodegeneration with special emphasis on major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masarat Nabi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Masarat Nabi, , orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-6498; Nahida Tabassum,
| | - Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Masarat Nabi, , orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-6498; Nahida Tabassum,
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16
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Crocin Protects Malathion-Induced Striatal Biochemical Deficits by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Increasing α-Synuclein in Rats' Striatum. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:983-993. [PMID: 35274200 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to organophosphates might result in neurodegenerative diseases, comprising Parkinson's disease. Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide with high neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and α-synuclein accumulation are important underlying mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. According to studies, crocin, an active constituent of saffron, has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Thus, the effect of crocin on malathion-induced striatal biochemical deficits in rats was investigated in this study. Six groups of male Wistar rats were used: 1. control (normal saline); 2. malathion (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.); 3. crocin (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) + malathion; 4. levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) + malathion; 5. crocin (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.); and 6. polyethylene glycol (PEG) (vehicle of levodopa) groups. The drugs were administered for 28 days. The amounts of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9 proteins in the striatum were measured by western blotting. Also, the amounts of protein and mRNA level of the α-synuclein in striatum tissue were measured by western blotting and RT-qPCR methods. Malathion induced apoptosis by increasing the amount of Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspases 3 and 9 proteins in rat striatum tissue. It also increased the protein and mRNA level of α-synuclein in striatal tissue. Co-administration of crocin or levodopa with malathion inhibited the toxic effects of malathion on striatal tissue. Crocin ameliorates the neurotoxic effect of malathion by its anti-apoptotic activity and regulating the expression of proteins involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. As a result, crocin has the potential to be used as a treatment for malathion-induced neurotoxicity.
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17
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mainly formed in the pyrolysis process during high-temperature cooking of meat. Meat consumption is very typical of the western diet, and the amount of meat consumption in the eastern countries is growing rapidly; HAAs represents widespread exposure. HAAs are classified as possible human carcinogens; numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated regular consumption of meat with HAAs as risk factor for cancers. Specific HAAs have received major attention. For example, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine has been extensively studied as a genotoxicant and mutagen, with emergent literature on neurotoxicity. Harmane has been extensively studied for a role in essential tremors and potentially Parkinson's disease (PD). Harmane levels have been demonstrated to be elevated in blood and brain in essential tremor patients. Meat consumption has been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of toxicants formed during meat preparation has not been studied. Epidemiological studies are currently examining the association between HAAs and risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as essential tremors and PD. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided strong evidence that HAA exposure produces PD and Alzheimer's disease-relevant neurotoxicity in cellular and animal models. In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate previous studies on HAA-induced neurotoxicity and the molecular basis of potential neurotoxic effects of HAAs. The available studies provide strong support for the premise that HAAs may impact neurological function and that addressing gaps in understanding of adverse neurological outcomes is critical to determine whether these compounds are modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Costas C, Faro LR. Do Naturally Occurring Antioxidants Protect Against Neurodegeneration of the Dopaminergic System? A Systematic Revision in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:432-459. [PMID: 33882808 PMCID: PMC9413795 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210421092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by a significant decrease in dopamine levels, caused by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, insufficient support for neurotrophic factors and cell apoptosis. The absence of treatments capable of slowing or stopping the progression of PD has increased the interest in the natural antioxidant substances present in the diet, since they have multiple beneficial properties and it is possible that they can influence the mechanisms responsible for the dysfunction and death of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the results obtained in a set of studies carried out in the last years, which describe the neuroprotective, antioxidant and regenerative functions of some naturally occurring antioxidants in experimental models of PD. The results show that the exogenous no enzymatic antioxidants can significantly modify the biochemical and behavioral mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism in experimental animals. Therefore, it is possible that they may contribute to effective neuroprotection by providing a significant improvement in neuropathological markers. In conclusion, the results of this review suggest that exogenous antioxidants can be promising therapeutic candidates for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lilian R.F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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19
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Yemula N, Dietrich C, Dostal V, Hornberger M. Parkinson's Disease and the Gut: Symptoms, Nutrition, and Microbiota. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1491-1505. [PMID: 34250955 PMCID: PMC8609682 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, characterized by symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and tremor. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the relationship between the gut and the development of PD. Emerging to the forefront, an interesting concept has developed suggesting that the initial pathophysiological changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract before changes are seen within the brain. This review is aimed at highlighting the relationship between PD and the gastrointestinal tract, along with the supporting evidence for this. Firstly, we will focus on the gastrointestinal conditions and symptoms which commonly affects patients, including both upper and lower gastrointestinal issues. Secondly, the impact of nutrition and diet on neurological health and PD physiology, with particular emphasis on commonly consumed items including macronutrients and micronutrients. Finally, variability of the gut microbiome will also be discussed and its link with both the symptoms and signs of PD. The evidence presented in this review highly suggests that the initial pathogenesis in the gut may proceed the development of prodromal PD subtypes, and therefore building on this further could be imperative and lead to earlier diagnosis with new and improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Yemula
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Celina Dietrich
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Vaclav Dostal
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hornberger
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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20
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Śnieżek E, Szumska M, Nowak A, Janoszka B. The effect of onion and garlic on non-polar heterocyclic aromatic amines (α-, β-, γ- and δ-carbolines) formation in pan-fried meat and gravy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:35-51. [PMID: 34732105 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1994155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of protein-rich food can lead to the formation of biologically active heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). One of the methods to learn how to reduce the content as well as the influence of these compounds on heath is the study of factors inhibiting their synthesis. In the current investigation, the effect of onion and garlic on the formation of six possibly carcinogenic non-polar HAAs (α-, γ- and δ-carbolines) and two co-mutagenic β-carbolines (harmane and norharmane) was evaluated by comparing their contents in meat and gravy samples obtained from pan-fried pork dishes prepared in the presence and absence of these vegetables. Carbolines were isolated from food samples by solid phase extraction. The quantitative analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentrations of individual compounds in dishes prepared without added vegetables ranged from 0.02 ng g-1 (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5 H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole; Trp-P-1) to 10.1 ng g-1 of meat (2-amino-9 H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole; AαC). Onion (30 g/100 g of meat) and garlic (15 g/100 g of meat) lowered the total content (in meat and gravy) of the α-, δ- and γ-carbolines in the range from 52% to 87%. In contrast, onion caused an increase in the norharmane concentration both in meat and gravy. The percentage of carbolines in the gravies (assuming that their total content in meat and gravy is 100%) was higher in dishes prepared with onion and garlic than in dishes without these seasonings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Śnieżek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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21
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Lawana V, Um SY, Rochet JC, Turesky RJ, Shannahan JH, Cannon JR. Neuromelanin Modulates Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:171-188. [PMID: 31562763 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagens and potential human carcinogens. Our group and others have demonstrated that HAAs may also produce selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity, potentially relevant to Parkinson's disease (PD). The goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of HAA-induced neurotoxicity through examining a translational biochemical weakness of common PD models. Neuromelanin is a pigmented byproduct of dopamine metabolism that has been debated as being both neurotoxic and neuroprotective in PD. Importantly, neuromelanin is known to bind and potentially release dopaminergic neurotoxicants, including HAAs (eg, β-carbolines such as harmane). Binding of other HAA subclasses (ie, aminoimidazoaazarenes) to neuromelanin has not been investigated, nor has a specific role for neuromelanin in mediating HAA-induced neurotoxicity been examined. Thus, we investigated the role of neuromelanin in modulating HAA-induced neurotoxicity. We characterized melanin from Sepia officinalis and synthetic dopamine melanin, proposed neuromelanin analogs with similar biophysical properties. Using a cell-free assay, we demonstrated strong binding of harmane and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) to neuromelanin analogs. To increase cellular neuromelanin, we transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with tyrosinase. Relative to controls, tyrosinase-expressing cells exhibited increased neuromelanin levels, cellular HAA uptake, cell toxicity, and oxidative damage. Given that typical cellular and rodent PD models form far lower neuromelanin levels than humans, there is a critical translational weakness in assessing HAA-neurotoxicity. The primary impacts of these results are identification of a potential mechanism by which HAAs accumulate in catecholaminergic neurons and support for the need to conduct neurotoxicity studies in systems forming neuromelanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Lawana
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | | | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience
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22
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Palavra NC, Lubomski M, Flood VM, Davis RL, Sue CM. Increased Added Sugar Consumption Is Common in Parkinson's Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:628845. [PMID: 34026805 PMCID: PMC8138322 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.628845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There is limited information about the dietary habits of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), or associations of diet with clinical PD features. We report on nutritional intake in an Australian PD cohort. Methods: 103 PD patients and 81 healthy controls (HCs) completed a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Food and nutrient intake was quantified, with consideration of micronutrients and macronutrients (energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, and added sugar). Participants also completed PD-validated non-motor symptom questionnaires to determine any relationships between dietary intake and clinical disease features. Results: Mean daily energy intake did not differ considerably between PD patients and HCs (11,131 kJ/day vs. 10,188 kJ/day, p = 0.241). However, PD patients reported greater total carbohydrate intake (279 g/day vs. 232 g/day, p = 0.034). This was largely attributable to increased daily sugar intake (153 g/day vs. 119 g/day, p = 0.003) and in particular free sugars (61 g/day vs. 41 g/day, p = 0.001). PD patients who (1) experienced chronic pain, (2) were depressed, or (3) reported an impulse control disorder, consumed more total sugars than HCs (all p < 0.05). Increased sugar consumption was associated with an increase in non-motor symptoms, including poorer quality of life, increased constipation severity and greater daily levodopa dose requirement. Conclusions: We provide clinically important insights into the dietary habits of PD patients that may inform simple dietary modifications that could alleviate disease symptoms and severity. The results of this study support clinician led promotion of healthy eating and careful management of patient nutrition as part of routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Palavra
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michal Lubomski
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Allied Health Research Unit, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Supplementation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111128. [PMID: 33202952 PMCID: PMC7696060 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Being characterized by progressive and severe damage in neuronal cells, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the major cause of disability and morbidity in the elderly, imposing a significant economic and social burden. As major components of the central nervous system, lipids play important roles in neural health and pathology. Disturbed lipid metabolism, particularly lipid peroxidation (LPO), is associated with the development of many NDDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), all of which show elevated levels of LPO products and LPO-modified proteins. Thus, the inhibition of neuronal oxidation might slow the progression and reduce the severity of NDD; natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols and antioxidant vitamins, seem to be the most promising agents. Here, we summarize current literature data that were derived from human studies on the effect of natural polyphenols and vitamins A, C, and E supplementation in patients with AD, PD, and ALS. Although these compounds may reduce the severity and slow the progression of NDD, research gaps remain in antioxidants supplementation in AD, PD, and ALS patients, which indicates that further human studies applying antioxidant supplementation in different forms of NDDs are urgently needed.
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24
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Liu YH, Jensen GL, Na M, Mitchell DC, Wood GC, Still CD, Gao X. Diet Quality and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 11:337-347. [PMID: 33104042 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several dietary components have been shown to be neuroprotective against risk of neurodegeneration. However, limited observational studies have examined the role of overall diet quality on risk of Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations between diet quality and risk of Parkinson's disease in a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis. METHODS Included in the cohort study were 3,653 participants (1,519 men and 2,134 women; mean age: 81.5 years) in the Geisinger Rural Aging Study longitudinal cohort in Pennsylvania. Diet quality was assessed using a validated dietary screening tool containing 25 food- and behavior-specific questions in 2009. Potential Parkinson's cases were identified using electronic health records based on ICD9 (332.*), ICD10 (G20), and Parkinson-related treatments. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across diet quality tertiles were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for potential confounders. We further performed a meta-analysis by pooling our study with four published papers on this topic. Random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS During a mean of 6.94 years of follow-up, 47 incident Parkinson's cases were documented. Having high diet quality at baseline was associated with lower Parkinson's disease risk (adjusted HR for the highest vs the lowest diet quality tertile = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.89; p-trend = 0.02). The meta-analysis including 140,617 individuals also showed that adherence to high diet quality or a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of Parkinson's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.83). CONCLUSION Having high diet quality or a healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower future risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gordon L Jensen
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Diane C Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - G Craig Wood
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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25
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Lawana V, Um SY, Foguth RM, Cannon JR. Neuromelanin formation exacerbates HAA-induced mitochondrial toxicity and mitophagy impairments. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:147-160. [PMID: 33058929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is a major public health concern due in part to prevalence, debilitating symptoms, and links to environmental exposures. Much research has focused on environmental factors that may lead to dopaminergic neurotoxicity that occurs in PD. In the study of neuronal uptake and neurotoxicity, critical species differences have been observed. For example, neuromelanin is a molecule formed in part by the breakdown products of dopamine metabolism, along with lipid and protein components. Interestingly, human catecholaminergic neurons contain readily detectable amounts of neuromelanin, while rodent models form far lower levels of neuromelanin that is barely detectable. This discrepancy is potentially an important translational weakness. Recently, we showed that neuromelanin formation modulates heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA)-induced neurotoxicity in cellular models. HAAs are dietary toxins that have primarily been studied as carcinogens, with emergent literature on selective neurotoxicity. The goal of the present study was to identify whether mitochondria in neuromelanin forming cells may be especially sensitive to HAAs. Here, we exposed galactose-supplemented SH-SY5Y cells to HAAs and tested mitochondrial function and mitophagy. The ectopic formation of neuromelanin was found to increase mitochondrial oxidative stress, decrease membrane potential, increase mitochondrial bioenergetic impairments, and impair mitophagy relative to HAA-treated cells that do not form neuromelanin. These results suggest that neuromelanin has a critical role in HAA toxicity and adverse effects on mitochondria. The data also further cement the need to conduct both mechanistic and risk assessment studies on PD-relevant neurotoxicity in models that form neuromelanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Lawana
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Se Young Um
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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26
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2360872. [PMID: 33101584 PMCID: PMC7576349 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2360872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age and has become increasingly more common with advances in age. The number of individuals older than 60 years has been increasing in modern societies, as well as life expectancy in developing countries; therefore, PD may pose an impact on the economic, social, and health structures of these countries. Oxidative stress is highlighted as an important factor in the genesis of PD, involving several enzymes and signaling molecules in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. This review presents updated data on the involvement of oxidative stress in the disease, as well as the use of antioxidant supplements in its therapy.
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27
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Ibrahim KS, El-Sayed EM. Beneficial Effects of Coconut Oil in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Lu W, Lin J, Zheng D, Hong C, Ke L, Wu X, Chen P. Overexpression of MicroRNA-133a Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy in a Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease by Downregulating Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (RAC1). Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922032. [PMID: 32713934 PMCID: PMC7409387 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder. microRNA (miR)-133 expression is reduced in PD patients and in mice with a dopamine neuron deficiency. We aimed to identify the mechanism of miR-133a in apoptosis and autophagy in PD. Material/Methods The optimal concentration of MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion) was initially determined to construct a PD cell model. Gain-of function experiments were carried out to evaluate the role of miR-133a in PD. The levels of miR-133a, RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), apoptosis-related factors, and autophagy-related factors were detected after detection of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe autophagosomes, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect LC3 and further analyze the effect of miR-133a on autophagy in a PD cell model. Results Low miR-133a expression was detected in a cell model of MPP+-induced PD. After overexpressing miR-133a, cell proliferation increased, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels decreased, while Bcl2 levels increased) and autophagy was inhibited (LC3II/I and Beclin-1 levels decreased, while p62 levels increased). MiR-133a targeted RAC1. RACY upregulation attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-133a on PC12 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusions Our data highlighted that miR-133a overexpression prevented apoptosis and autophagy in a cell model of MPP+-induced PD by inhibiting RAC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Lu
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Jinhuang Lin
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Dequan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyong Hong
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Laishun Ke
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Peineng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The 909th Hospital of (People's Liberation Army) PLA, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China (mainland)
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Moreira Vasconcelos CF, da Cunha Ferreira NM, Hardy Lima Pontes N, de Sousa Dos Reis TD, Basto Souza R, Aragão Catunda Junior FE, Vasconcelos Aguiar LM, Maranguape Silva da Cunha R. Eugenol and its association with levodopa in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemiparkinsonian rats: Behavioural and neurochemical alterations. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:287-302. [PMID: 32353201 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system and is mainly characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and pro-oxidant mechanisms. Eugenol has been widely studied due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making it a promising neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol and its combined action with levodopa in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease model. Wistar rats were subjected to intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (21 μg) and then treated with eugenol (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg), levodopa (25 mg/kg) or their combination (eugenol 10 mg/kg + levodopa 12.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. On the 14th day, the animals were subjected to behavioural tests, and after euthanization and dissection of the brain areas, neurochemical analyses were performed. The results showed that eugenol reduced the oxidative stress and behavioural disturbances induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. The eugenol and levodopa combination was more effective in some behavioural parameters and body-weight gain in addition to promoting an increase in reduced glutathione levels compared to levodopa alone. Thus, the neuroprotective activity of eugenol was observed against motor and neurochemical disorders. Additionally, the eugenol and levodopa combination was promising when compared to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Franciney Moreira Vasconcelos
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Biotechnology Core of Sobral, State University of Acaraú Valley, Sobral, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Basto Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Aerobic Exercise and Healthy Nutrition as Neuroprotective Agents for Brain Health in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review of the Literature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050380. [PMID: 32380715 PMCID: PMC7278852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and nonmotor features that have an influence on patients’ quality of life at different levels. To date, some evidences have arisen on the effectiveness of physical trainings and nutrients intake in ameliorating functional and cognitive outcomes in PD patients. Physical activity is effective in improving both motor and nonmotor features and recent epidemiological investigations have revealed the pivotal role that dietary patterns may play in reducing the risk of PD highlighting the pathogenesis of the neurodegeneration. Specifically, aerobic exercise shows beneficial effects in improving motor functions and executive control in PD patients, as well as proper nutrition may help in improving neuroprotective agents counteracting neurodegeneration and allows patients to better interact with the medication. Our narrative review critically focused on aerobic exercise and nutrition in PD in order to point out the best prescriptions for brain health of affected patients. Implications for a therapeutic plan and rehabilitation for these patients are also discussed.
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Paknahad Z, Sheklabadi E, Derakhshan Y, Bagherniya M, Chitsaz A. The effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102366. [PMID: 32444045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is proposed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet might have a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of PD and its complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with PD. DESIGN The study was a single-center, randomized clinical trial. Eighty patients with idiopathic PD were randomly allocated to the Mediterranean diet (n = 40) or control (n = 40) group. Patients in the intervention group received an individualized dietary plan based on Mediterranean diet for 10 weeks. The Persian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used to assess the cognitive function at baseline and the end of the study. RESULTS Thirty-five PD patients with a mean age of 59.3 ± 8.3 and 35 patients with a mean age of 58.6 ± 9.3 finished the study in intervention and control groups, respectively. After the intervention, the mean score of the dimensions of executive function, language, attention, concentration, and active memory and the total score of cognitive assessment significantly increased in the intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.05, for all). Nevertheless, the mean of the other scores including spatial-visual ability, memory learning task, and navigation versus time and place did not significantly change in both intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet remarkably increased the dimensions of executive function, language, attention, concentration, and active memory and finally the total score of cognitive assessment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamzam Paknahad
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Elham Sheklabadi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Derakhshan
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Chitsaz
- Professor of Neurology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Patocka J, Navratilova Z, Krejcar O, Kuca K. Coffee, Caffeine and Cognition: a Benefit or Disadvantage? LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190620142158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coffee, one of the world’s most consumed products, is extracted from the roasted seeds of
Coffea sp., a plant native to Africa. The effects of coffee on the human body have been recognized
for centuries and have now become the subject of systematic research. Caffeine’s impact on a
person’s cognitive ability was reviewed through a large set of literature related to the subject.
Learning and memory tasks are not typically influenced by caffeine when it comes to performance.
However, in some cases, it has been used to produce inhibitory or facilitatory effects on learning
and/or memory. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving the working memory, but it has
been seen that tasks that rely on working memory may be hindered because of it. Moreover, caffeine
can augment the performance of memory during times where a person’s alertness is suboptimal at
best. However, a large body of research points to an improvement in reaction time. Consuming it has
little to no impact on long-term memory. Caffeine can be taken as a mild stimulant, proven by its
effect on performance in the context of subjects who are tired or fatigued. In some cases, it has been
observed that caffeine prevents cognitive decline, specifically when it comes to healthy subjects;
however, these results are heterogeneous at best. While drinking coffee positively influences both
physical and mental capacity, caffeine cannot and should not be viewed as an “absolute” enhancer of
cognitive function. Existing literature shows that the impact it causes on an individual is complex,
and can alter, for example, anxiety, performance and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Patocka
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies,, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Institute of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Navratilova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Nutritional Risk Factors, Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: What Is the Current Evidence? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081896. [PMID: 31416163 PMCID: PMC6722832 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a frequent neurodegenerative disease among elderly people. Genetic and underlying environmental factors seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD related to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. In previous experimental researches oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, homocysteine, and neuroinflammation have been reported as potential mechanisms. Among environmental factors, nutrition is one of the most investigated areas as it is a potentially modifiable factor. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge regarding the relation between diet and PD risk. We performed a comprehensive review including the most relevant studies from the year 2000 onwards including prospective studies, nested case-control studies, and meta-analysis. Among dietary factors we focused on specific nutrients and food groups, alcoholic beverages, uric acid, and dietary patterns. Furthermore, we included studies on microbiota as recent findings have shown a possible impact on neurodegeneration. As a conclusion, there are still many controversies regarding the relationship between PD and diet which, beside methodological differences among studies, may be due to underlying genetic and gender-specific factors. However, some evidence exists regarding a potential protective effect of uric acid, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, coffee, and tea but mainly in men, whereas dairy products, particularly milk, might increase PD risk through contaminant mediated effect.
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Impact of Beef and Beef Product Intake on Cognition in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081797. [PMID: 31382632 PMCID: PMC6722791 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency have been consistently linked to cognitive impairment among children and young adults. As a primary source of dietary animal protein, beef consumption holds the potential to improve diet quality and positively influence cognitive function. This study systematically reviewed evidence linking beef intake to cognition among children and young adults. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted in seven electronic bibliographic databases for studies assessing the impact of beef consumption on cognition. (3) Results: We identified eight studies reporting results from five unique interventions. Two interventions were conducted in Kenya, two in the U.S. and one in four countries including Guatemala, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Only one intervention employed a non-feeding control arm and found beef consumption to improve cognitive abilities compared to the control. However, the other interventions comparing beef consumption to other food types found no consistent result. (4) Conclusions: Evidence pertaining to the impact of beef consumption on cognition remains limited due to the small and heterogeneous set of studies. Future research should adopt a population representative sample and longer follow-up period, employ a non-feeding control arm and comprehensively measure nutrient intakes among study participants.
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35
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Marras C, Canning CG, Goldman SM. Environment, lifestyle, and Parkinson's disease: Implications for prevention in the next decade. Mov Disord 2019; 34:801-811. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's DiseaseToronto Western Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Colleen G. Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health SciencesThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Samuel M. Goldman
- School of MedicineUniversity of California–San Francisco San Francisco California USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental MedicineSan Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System San Francisco California USA
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is predominantly idiopathic in origin, and a large body of evidence indicates that gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are a significant comorbid clinical feature; these dysfunctions include dysphagia, nausea, delayed gastric emptying, and severe constipation, all of which occur commonly before the onset of the well-known motor symptoms of PD. Based on a distinct distribution pattern of Lewy bodies (LB) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and in the preganglionic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and together with the early onset of GI symptoms, it was suggested that idiopathic PD begins in the ENS and spreads to the central nervous system (CNS), reaching the DMV and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). These two areas are connected by a recently discovered monosynaptic nigro-vagal pathway, which is dysfunctional in rodent models of PD. An alternative hypothesis downplays the role of LB transport through the vagus nerve and proposes that PD pathology is governed by regional or cell-restricted factors as the leading cause of nigral neuronal degeneration. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the neuronal electrophysiological findings in the SNpc and DMV in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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37
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Sammi SR, Agim ZS, Cannon JR. From the Cover: Harmane-Induced Selective Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:335-348. [PMID: 29069497 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease. Although numerous exposures have been linked to PD etiology, causative factors for most cases remain largely unknown. Emerging data on the neurotoxicity of heterocyclic amines suggest that this class of compounds should be examined for relevance to PD. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we tested whether harmane exposure produced selective toxicity to dopamine neurons that is potentially relevant to PD. Harmane is a known tremorigenic β-carboline (a type of heterocyclic amine) found in cooked meat, roasted coffee beans, and tobacco. Thus, this compound represents a potentially important exposure. In the nematode model, we observed dopaminergic neurons to be selectively vulnerable, showing significant loss in terms of structure and function at lower doses than other neuronal populations. In examining mechanisms of toxicity, we observed significant harmane-induced decreases in mitochondrial viability and increased reactive oxygen species levels. Blocking transport through the dopamine transporter (DAT) was not neuroprotective, suggesting that harmane is unlikely to enter the cell through DAT. However, a mitochondrial complex I activator did partially ameliorate neurodegeneration. Further, mitochondrial complex I activator treatment reduced harmane-induced dopamine depletion, measured by the 1-nonanol assay. In summary, we have shown that harmane exposure in C. elegans produces selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity that may bear relevance to PD, and that neurotoxicity may be mediated through mitochondrial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Gao JX, Li Y, Wang SN, Chen XC, Lin LL, Zhang H. Overexpression of microRNA-183 promotes apoptosis of substantia nigra neurons via the inhibition of OSMR in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:209-220. [PMID: 30431059 PMCID: PMC6257840 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA-183 (miR-183) on substantia nigra neurons by targeting oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The positive expression rates of OSMR and the apoptosis of substantia nigra neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling, respectively. Substantia nigra neurons in normal and PD mice were cultured in vitro. The association between miR-183 and OSMR was verified using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-183 and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway-associated genes were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. OSMR is the target gene of miR-183. The number of OSMR-positive cells and the apoptotic rate of substantia nigra neurons were increased in the PD group. Neurons transfected with miR-183 mimic exhibited elevated expression levels of miR-183, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-9 and increased apoptotic rate, and reduced expression levels of OSMR, Akt, phosphorylated (p-)Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β), p-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR. The miR-183 inhibitor decreased the expression levels of miR-183, Bax and caspase-9 and the apoptotic rate; however, increased the expression of OSMR, Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, IGF-1, mTOR and p-mTOR. The results of the present study provide evidence that the overexpression of miR-183 promotes the apoptosis of substantia nigra neurons by inhibiting the expression of OSMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xia Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Chi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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A comparative study about EPA-PL and EPA-EE on ameliorating behavioral deficits in MPTP-induced mice with Parkinson’s disease by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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40
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Banjari I, Marček T, Tomić S, Waisundara VY. Forestalling the Epidemics of Parkinson's Disease Through Plant-Based Remedies. Front Nutr 2018; 5:95. [PMID: 30425989 PMCID: PMC6218400 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) as the second leading neurodegenerative disease, imposes a heavy burden among individuals as well as economies worldwide. The main characteristics of PD is a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons resulting in the loss of motor function, the occurrence of non-motor symptoms, and cognitive decline. Similar to many other chronic diseases, complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) are very popular for the treatment of this disease. This review evaluates six plants, three each from European and Asian traditional medicinal systems: (1) Atropa belladonna, (2) Hyoscyamus niger, (3) Lepidium meyenii, (4) Aspargus racemosus, (5) Mucuna pruriens L., and (6) Gingko biloba. Atropa belladonna, and Hyoscyamus niger in particular, are better known for their poisonous and narcotic effects than as potentially effective plants for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Ginkgo biloba is one of the most widely cultured plants in Traditional Chinese Medicine with high antioxidant potential which contributes to its neuroprotective/ anti-apoptotic activity. The bioactive compounds, anti-neurodegenerative effects and other neuroprotective effects of all six plants are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Banjari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tihana Marček
- Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Svetlana Tomić
- Department of Neurology, Osijek University Hospital Center, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Viduranga Y Waisundara
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
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Maraki MI, Yannakoulia M, Stamelou M, Stefanis L, Xiromerisiou G, Kosmidis MH, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Sakka P, Anastasiou CA, Simopoulou E, Scarmeas N. Mediterranean diet adherence is related to reduced probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 34:48-57. [PMID: 30306634 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society recently introduced a methodology for probability score calculation for prodromal PD. OBJECTIVES To assess the probability of prodromal PD in an older population and investigate its possible association with Mediterranean diet adherence. METHODS Data from a population-based cohort study of older adults (HEllenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet) in Greece were used. Probability of prodromal PD was calculated according to International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society research criteria. A detailed food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake and calculate Mediterranean diet adherence score, ranging from 0 to 55, with higher scores indicating higher adherence. RESULTS Median probability of prodromal PD was 1.9%, ranging from 0.2 to 96.7% in 1,731 PD-free individuals aged ≥ 65 (41% male). Lower probability for prodromal PD (P < 0.001) in the higher Mediterranean diet adherence groups was noted, driven mostly by nonmotor markers of prodromal PD, depression, constipation, urinary dysfunction, and daytime somnolence. Each unit increase in Mediterranean diet score was associated with a 2% decreased probability for prodromal PD (P < 0.001). Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of Mediterranean diet adherence, those in the highest quartile were associated with a ∼21% lower probability for prodromal PD. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with lower probability of prodromal PD in older people. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential causality of this association, potential relation of the Mediterranean diet to delayed onset or lower incidence of PD, as well as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Maraki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece.,Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Marousi, Greece
| | - Costas A Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece.,Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Anselmi L, Bove C, Coleman FH, Le K, Subramanian MP, Venkiteswaran K, Subramanian T, Travagli RA. Ingestion of subthreshold doses of environmental toxins induces ascending Parkinsonism in the rat. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2018; 4:30. [PMID: 30302391 PMCID: PMC6160447 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that environmental neurotoxicants or misfolded α-synuclein generated by such neurotoxicants are transported from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve, triggering degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and causing Parkinson's disease (PD). We tested the hypothesis that gastric co-administration of subthreshold doses of lectins and paraquat can recreate the pathology and behavioral manifestations of PD in rats. A solution containing paraquat + lectin was administered daily for 7 days via gastric gavage, followed by testing for Parkinsonian behavior and gastric dysmotility. At the end of the experiment, brainstem and midbrain tissues were analyzed for the presence of misfolded α-synuclein and neuronal loss in the SNpc and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Misfolded α-synuclein was found in DMV and SNpc neurons. A significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons was noted in the SNpc, conversely there was no apparent loss of cholinergic neurons of the DMV. Nigrovagally-evoked gastric motility was impaired in treated rats prior to the onset of parkinsonism, the motor deficits of which were improved by l-dopa treatment. Vagotomy prevented the development of parkinsonian symptoms and constrained the appearance of misfolded α-synuclein to myenteric neurons. These data demonstrate that co-administration of subthreshold doses of paraquat and lectin induces progressive, l-dopa-responsive parkinsonism that is preceded by gastric dysmotility. This novel preclinical model of environmentally triggered PD provides functional support for Braak's staging hypothesis of idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Anselmi
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - C. Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - F. H. Coleman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - K. Le
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - M. P. Subramanian
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - K. Venkiteswaran
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - T. Subramanian
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
| | - R. A. Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State—College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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Fricker RA, Green EL, Jenkins SI, Griffin SM. The Influence of Nicotinamide on Health and Disease in the Central Nervous System. Int J Tryptophan Res 2018; 11:1178646918776658. [PMID: 29844677 PMCID: PMC5966847 DOI: 10.1177/1178646918776658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3 (niacin), has long been associated with neuronal development, survival, and function in the central nervous system (CNS), being implicated in both neuronal death and neuroprotection. Here, we summarise a body of research investigating the role of nicotinamide in neuronal health within the CNS, with a focus on studies that have shown a neuroprotective effect. Nicotinamide appears to play a role in protecting neurons from traumatic injury, ischaemia, and stroke, as well as being implicated in 3 key neurodegenerative conditions: Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. A key factor is the bioavailability of nicotinamide, with low concentrations leading to neurological deficits and dementia and high levels potentially causing neurotoxicity. Finally, nicotinamide’s potential mechanisms of action are discussed, including the general maintenance of cellular energy levels and the more specific inhibition of molecules such as the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Fricker
- School of Medicine and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Emma L Green
- School of Medicine and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Stuart I Jenkins
- School of Medicine and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Síle M Griffin
- School of Medicine and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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Leak RK. Conditioning Against the Pathology of Parkinson's disease. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:143-162. [PMID: 30370426 PMCID: PMC6200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is delayed in clinical onset, asymmetric in initial appearance, and slow in progression. One explanation for these characteristics may be a boost in natural defenses after early exposure to mild cellular stress. As the patient ages and resilience recedes, however, stress levels may become sufficiently high that toxic cellular responses can no longer be curbed, culminating in inverted U-shaped stress-response curves as a function of disease duration. If dopaminergic systems are indeed capable of responding to mild stress with effective natural defenses, experimental models of Parkinson's disease should adhere to the principles of preconditioning, whereby stress exposure fortifies cells and tempers the toxic sequelae of subsequent stressors. Here, I review evidence favoring the efficacy of preconditioning in dopaminergic systems. Recent animal work also raises the possibility that cross-hemispheric preconditioning may arrest the spread of asymmetric Parkinson's pathology to the other side of the brain. Indeed, compensatory homeostatic systems have long been hypothesized to maintain neurological function until a threshold of cell loss is exceeded and are often displayed as inverted U-shaped curves. However, some stress responses assume an exponential or sigmoidal profile as a function of disease severity, suggesting end-stage deceleration of disease processes. Thus, surviving dopaminergic neurons may become progressively harder to kill, with the dorsal nigral tier dying slower due to superior baseline defenses, inducible conditioning capacity, or delayed dorsomedial nigral spread of disease. In addition, compensatory processes may be useful as biomarkers to distinguish "responder patients" from "nonresponders" before clinical trials. However, another possibility is that defenses are already maximally conditioned in most patients and no further boost is possible. A third alternative is that genuinely diseased human cells cannot be conditioned, in contrast to preclinical models, none of which faithfully recapitulate age-related human conditions. Disease-related "conditioning deficiencies" would then explain how Parkinson's pathology takes root, progressively shrinks defenses, and eventually kills the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K. Leak
- For correspondence please address: Rehana K. Leak,
Ph.D., Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, ,
412.396.4734
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45
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Cruz-Hernandez A, Agim ZS, Montenegro PC, McCabe GP, Rochet JC, Cannon JR. Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity of three heterocyclic amine subclasses in primary rat midbrain neurons. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:68-84. [PMID: 29408373 PMCID: PMC6015749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are primarily produced during high temperature meat cooking. These compounds have been intensively investigated as mutagens and carcinogens. However, converging data suggest that HCAs may also be neurotoxic and potentially relevant to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of new potential etiological factors is important because most PD cases are sporadic. Our group previously showed that 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) was selectively neurotoxic to dopaminergic neurons. However, PhIP is one of many HCAs, a class of compounds that exhibits wide structural variability. The goal of this study was to determine the neurotoxicity of the most prevalent and best studied HCAs from three subclasses: aminoimidazoaazarenes (AIA), α-carbolines, and β-carbolines. Using E17 rat primary midbrain cultures, we tested dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurotoxicity elicited by the following compounds: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), PhIP, 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harmane), 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharmane) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) at concentrations ranging from 100 nM-5 μM. All tested HCAs were selectively neurotoxic, though the dose required to elicit selective loss of dopaminergic neurons or decreases in dopaminergic neurite length was compound specific. Non-dopaminergic neurons were unaffected at all tested doses. The sensitivity (determined by threshold dose required to elicit selective neurotoxicity) appears to be unrelated to published mutagenic potency. Both AIA and α/β-carbolines produced oxidative damage, which was magnified in dopaminergic neurons vs. non-dopaminergic neurons as further evidence of selective neurotoxicity. These studies are expected to prompt clinical and mechanistic studies on the potential role of HCA exposure in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cruz-Hernandez
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Zeynep Sena Agim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Paola C Montenegro
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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Khosravi-Largani M, Pourvali-Talatappeh P, Rousta AM, Karimi-Kivi M, Noroozi E, Mahjoob A, Asaadi Y, Shahmohammadi A, Sadeghi S, Shakeri S, Ghiyasvand K, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. A review on potential roles of vitamins in incidence, progression, and improvement of multiple sclerosis. eNeurologicalSci 2018; 10:37-44. [PMID: 29736427 PMCID: PMC5934114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, with unknown etiology. Vitamins, as important micronutrients playing different roles in body, seem to be important in MS pathogenesis. In vitro, in vivo and human studies, supports the protective role of some vitamins in MS occurrence or progression. Current study reviews recent insights and reports about the importance of vitamins in MS incidence or progression. In accordance, the importance of all water and fat-soluble vitamins in MS pathogenesis based on observational studies in human population and their role in the function of immune system as well as possible therapeutic opportunities are discussed in depth throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elahe Noroozi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mahjoob
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarina Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shakeri
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Ghiyasvand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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47
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Maher P. Protective effects of fisetin and other berry flavonoids in Parkinson's disease. Food Funct 2018; 8:3033-3042. [PMID: 28714503 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated degenerative disease of the midbrain that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It initially presents as a movement disorder with cognitive and other behavioral problems appearing later in the progression of the disease. Current therapies for PD only delay the onset or reduce the motor symptoms. There are no treatments to stop the nerve cell death or to cure the disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that neurological diseases such as PD are multi-factorial involving disruptions in multiple cellular systems. Thus, it is unlikely that modulating only a single factor will be effective at either preventing disease development or slowing disease progression. A better approach is to identify small molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and therefore regularly consumed in the human diet. While flavonoids were historically characterized on the basis of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, more recent studies have shown that flavonoids have a wide range of activities that could make them particularly effective as agents for the treatment of PD. In this article, the multiple physiological benefits of flavonoids in the context of PD are first reviewed. Then, the evidence for the beneficial effects of the flavonol fisetin in models of PD are discussed. These results, coupled with the known actions of fisetin, suggest that it could reduce the impact of PD on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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48
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LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1444-1454. [PMID: 27477046 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is expected to increase as our population ages and will likely strain the projected capacity of our health care system. Despite being the most common movement disorder, there have been few noninvasive therapeutic advances for people with PD since the first levodopa clinical trial in 1961. The study of PD pathogenesis, combined with an appreciation for the biochemical mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise may impact physiology, has resulted in emerging hypotheses for new modifiable risk factors for PD. Physical activity and exercise as a means of preventing PD, or maintaining the functionality of people with PD, are a promising area of investigation. Conversely, physical inactivity is implicated in many disease states, some of which are also correlated with the development of PD, such as metabolic syndrome. The primary relationship between these diseases is likely rooted in heightened inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. Physical activity and exercise as a means of attenuating inflammation have led to increased interest in related potential therapeutic targets for PD. Ultimately, these findings may translate into low-cost, universally available therapies for PD disease modification or prevention. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C LaHue
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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49
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Hosseinzadeh L, Monaghash H, Ahmadi F, Ghiasvand N, Shokoohinia Y. Bioassay-guided Isolation of Neuroprotective Fatty Acids from Nigella sativa against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Neurotoxicity. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:627-633. [PMID: 29200724 PMCID: PMC5701402 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_470_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease, a slowly progressive neurological disease, is associated with degeneration of the basal ganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The main aspects of researches are the protection of normal neurons against degeneration. Fatty acids (FAs), the key structural elements of dietary lipids, are carboxylic straight chains and notable parameters in nutritional and industrial usefulness of a plant. Materials and Methods Black cumin, a popular anti-inflammatory and antioxidant food seasoning, contains nonpolar constituents such as FAs which were extracted using hexane. Different fractions and subfractions were apt to cytoprotection against apoptosis and inflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) as a neural cell death model. The experiment consisted of examination of cell viability assessment, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 and -9 activity, and measurement of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. Results MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with subfractions containing FA mixtures attenuated MPP+-mediated apoptosis partially dependent on the inhibition of caspase-3 and -9 activity and increasing the MMP. A mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid also decreased the COX activity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cells. Conclusion Our observation indicated that subtoxic concentration of FA from Nigella sativa may exert cytoprotective effects through their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammation actions and could be regarded as a dietary supplement. SUMMARY MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cellsNigella sativa contains bioactive fatty acidsPretreatment with fatty acids attenuated MPP+ mediated apoptosis through inhibition of caspase 3 and 9 activityA mixture of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid decreased the COX activity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cellsDue to cytoprotective, anti apoptotic and anti inflammation actions of N. sativa, it could be regarded as a dietary supplement. Abbreviations used: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; Ca: Calcium; CDCl3: Chloroform; COX: Cyclooxygenase; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; EA: Elidic acid; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay; ESI-MS: Electron spray mass spectroscopy; FAs: Fatty acids; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; GC: Gas chromatography; 1HNMR: Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance; LA: Linoleic acid; MPP+: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; N. sativa: Nigella sativa; OA: Oleic acid; PA: Palmitic acid; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; PC12: Rat pheochromocytoma cell line; PD: Parkinson's disease; PDA: Photo diode array detector; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; TLC: Thin layer chromatography; TMPD: N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; USA: United states of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hoda Monaghash
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghiasvand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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50
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Jakubowski JL, Labrie V. Epigenetic Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 7:1-12. [PMID: 27792016 PMCID: PMC5302044 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative illness that is often diagnosed after significant pathology and neuronal cell loss has occurred. Biomarkers of PD are greatly needed for early diagnosis, as well as for the prediction of disease progression and treatment outcome. In this regard, the epigenome, which is partially dynamic, holds considerable promise for the development of molecular biomarkers for PD. Epigenetic marks are modified by both DNA sequence and environmental factors associated with PD, and such marks could serve as a unifying predictor of at-risk individuals. Epigenetic abnormalities have been detected in PD and other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, some of which were reported to occur early on and were reversible by PD medications. Emerging reports indicate that certain epigenetic differences observed in the PD brain are detectable in more easily accessible tissues. In this review, we examine epigenetic-based strategies for the development of PD biomarkers. Despite the complexities and challenges faced, the epigenome offers a new source of biomarkers with potential etiological relevance to PD, and may expand opportunities for personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Jakubowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Viviane Labrie
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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