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Jeong S, Chokkalla AK, Davis CK, Jeong H, Chelluboina B, Arruri V, Kim B, Narman A, Bathula S, Arumugam TV, Bendlin BB, Vemuganti R. Circadian-Dependent Intermittent Fasting Influences Ischemic Tolerance and Dendritic Spine Remodeling. Stroke 2024; 55:2139-2150. [PMID: 38920050 PMCID: PMC11262964 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.046400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconditioning by intermittent fasting is linked to improved cognition and motor function, and enhanced recovery after stroke. Although the duration of fasting was shown to elicit different levels of neuroprotection after ischemic stroke, the impact of time of fasting with respect to the circadian cycles remains unexplored. METHODS Cohorts of mice were subjected to a daily 16-hour fast, either during the dark phase (active-phase intermittent fasting) or the light phase (inactive-phase intermittent fasting) or were fed ad libitum. Following a 6-week dietary regimen, mice were subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia and underwent behavioral functional assessment. Brain samples were collected for RNA sequencing and histopathologic analyses. RESULTS Active-phase intermittent fasting cohort exhibited better poststroke motor and cognitive recovery as well as reduced infarction, in contrast to inactive-phase intermittent fasting cohort, when compared with ad libitum cohort. In addition, protection of dendritic spine density/morphology and increased expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 were observed in the active-phase intermittent fasting. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the time of daily fasting is an important factor in inducing ischemic tolerance by intermittent fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles K Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hyunmook Jeong
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Institute of Convergence Medicine with Innovative Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vijay Arruri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bori Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ashlyn Narman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Kang JY, Gu JY, Baek DC, Son CG, Lee JS. A Capsicum annuum L. seed extract exerts anti-neuroexcitotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal neurons. Food Funct 2024; 15:2144-2153. [PMID: 38305768 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampal memory deficit stands out as a primary symptom in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. While numerous therapeutic candidates have been proposed, they primarily serve to delay disease progression. Given the irreversible brain atrophy or injury associated with these conditions, current research efforts are concentrated on preventive medicine strategies. Herein, we investigated whether the extracts of Capsicum annuum L. seeds (CSE) and Capsicum annuum L. pulp (CPE) have preventive properties against glutamate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity (one of the main causes of Alzheimer's disease) in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. Pretreatment with CSE demonstrated significant anti-neuroexcitotoxic activity, whereas CPE did not exhibit such effects. Specifically, CSE pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited the elevation of excitotoxic elements (intracellular calcium influx and reactive oxygen species; ROS) and apoptotic elements (p53 and cleaved caspase-3). In addition, the glutamate-induced alterations of neuronal activity indicators (brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation; CREB) were significantly attenuated by CSE treatment. We also found that luteolin is the main bioactive compound corresponding to the anti-neuroexcitotoxic effects of CSE. Our results strongly suggest that Capsicum annuum L. seeds (but not its pulp) could be candidates for neuro-protective resources especially under conditions of neuroexcitotoxicity. Its underlying mechanisms may involve the amelioration of ROS-mediated cell death and BDNF-related neuronal inactivity and luteolin would be an active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Gu
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Cheol Baek
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Faizan M, Jahan I, Ishaq M, Alhalmi A, Khan R, Noman OM, Hasson S, Mothana RA. Neuroprotective effects of trigonelline in kainic acid-induced epilepsy: Behavioral, biochemical, and functional insights. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101843. [PMID: 37961069 PMCID: PMC10638067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigonelline, an alkaloid found in the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), has been recognized for its potential in treating various diseases. Notably, trigonelline has demonstrated a neuroprotective impact by reducing intrasynaptosomal calcium levels, inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulating cytokines. Kainic acid, an agonist of kainic acid receptors, is utilized for inducing temporal lobe epilepsy and is a common choice for establishing kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, a widely used epileptic model. The neuroprotective effect of trigonelline in the context of kainic acid-induced epilepsy remains unexplored. This study aimed to induce epilepsy by administering kainic acid (10 mg/kg, single subcutaneous dose) and subsequently evaluate the potential anti-epileptic effect of trigonelline (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration for 14 days). Ethosuccimide (ETX) (187.5 mg/kg) served as the standard drug for comparison. The anti-epileptic effect of trigonelline over a 14-day administration period was examined. Behavioral assessments, such as the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, Open Field Test (OFT), and Plus Maze tests, were conducted 2 h after kainic acid administration to investigate spatial and non-spatial acquisition abilities in rats. Additionally, biochemical analysis encompassing intrasynaptosomal calcium levels, LDH activity, serotonin levels, oxidative indicators, and inflammatory cytokines associated with inflammation were evaluated. Trigonelline exhibited significant behavioral improvements by reducing anxiety in open field and plus maze tests, along with an amelioration of memory impairment. Notably, trigonelline substantially lowered intrasynaptosomal calcium levels and LDH activity, indicating its neuroprotective effect by mitigating cytotoxicity and neuronal injury within the hippocampus tissue. Moreover, trigonelline demonstrated a remarkable reduction in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators. In summary, this study underscores the potential of trigonelline as an anti-epileptic agent in the context of kainic acid-induced epilepsy. The compound exhibited beneficial effects on behavior, neuroprotection, and inflammation, shedding light on its therapeutic promise for epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Iram Jahan
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ishaq
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidgi Hasson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Anjum A, Cheah YJ, Yazid MD, Daud MF, Idris J, Ng MH, Naicker AS, Ismail OH, Athi Kumar RK, Tan GC, Wong YP, Mahadi MK, Lokanathan Y. Protocol paper: kainic acid excitotoxicity-induced spinal cord injury paraplegia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Biol Res 2022; 55:38. [PMID: 36494836 PMCID: PMC9733144 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excitotoxicity-induced in vivo injury models are vital to reflect the pathophysiological features of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. The duration and concentration of chemical treatment controls the extent of neuronal cell damage. The extent of injury is explained in relation to locomotor and behavioural activity. Several SCI in vivo methods have been reported and studied extensively, particularly contusion, compression, and transection models. These models depict similar pathophysiology to that in humans but are extremely expensive (contusion) and require expertise (compression). Chemical excitotoxicity-induced SCI models are simple and easy while producing similar clinical manifestations. The kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model is a convenient, low-cost, and highly reproducible animal model of SCI in the laboratory. The basic impactor approximately cost between 10,000 and 20,000 USD, while the kainic acid only cost between 300 and 500 USD, which is quite cheap as compared to traditional SCI method. METHODS In this study, 0.05 mM KA was administered at dose of 10 µL/100 g body weight, at a rate of 10 µL/min, to induce spinal injury by intra-spinal injection between the T12 and T13 thoracic vertebrae. In this protocol, detailed description of a dorsal laminectomy was explained to expose the spinal cord, following intra-spinal kainic acid administration at desired location. The dose, rate and technique to administer kainic acid were explained extensively to reflect a successful paraplegia and spinal cord injury in rats. The postoperative care and complication post injury of paraplegic laboratory animals were also explained, and necessary requirements to overcome these complications were also described to help researcher. RESULTS This injury model produced impaired hind limb locomotor function with mild seizure. Hence this protocol will help researchers to induce spinal cord injury in laboratories at extremely low cost and also will help to determine the necessary supplies, methods for producing SCI in rats and treatments designed to mitigate post-injury impairment. CONCLUSIONS Kainic acid intra-spinal injection at the concentration of 0.05 mM, and rate 10 µL/min, is an effective method create spinal injury in rats, however more potent concentrations of kainic acid need to be studied in order to create severe spinal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Anjum
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yt Jun Cheah
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Da’in Yazid
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fauzi Daud
- grid.440439.e0000 0004 0444 6368Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jalilah Idris
- grid.440439.e0000 0004 0444 6368Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amaramalar Selvi Naicker
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ohnmar Htwe Ismail
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Kumar Athi Kumar
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kaisan Mahadi
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- grid.412113.40000 0004 1937 1557Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lu CW, Wu CC, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Lin TY, Wang SJ. Inhibition of Synaptic Glutamate Exocytosis and Prevention of Glutamate Neurotoxicity by Eupatilin from Artemisia argyi in the Rat Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13406. [PMID: 36362193 PMCID: PMC9657139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of synaptic glutamate release to maintain glutamate homeostasis contributes to the alleviation of neuronal cell injury, and accumulating evidence suggests that natural products can repress glutamate levels and associated excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether eupatilin, a constituent of Artemisia argyi, affected glutamate release in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of eupatilin in an animal model of kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity, particularly on the levels of glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (GluN2A and GluN2B). We found that eupatilin decreased depolarization-evoked glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes and that this effect was accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreased synapsin I Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation and no detectable effect on the membrane potential. In a KA-induced glutamate excitotoxicity rat model, the administration of eupatilin before KA administration prevented neuronal cell degeneration, glutamate elevation, glutamate-generating enzyme glutaminase increase, excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) decrease, GluN2A protein decrease and GluN2B protein increase in the rat cortex. Taken together, the results suggest that eupatilin depresses glutamate exocytosis from cerebrocortical synaptosomes by decreasing P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and synapsin I phosphorylation and alleviates glutamate excitotoxicity caused by KA by preventing glutamatergic alterations in the rat cortex. Thus, this study suggests that eupatilin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of brain impairment associated with glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
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Kandeda AK, Nodeina S, Mabou ST. An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini protects against kainate-induced status epilepticus and amnesia: evidence for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intervention. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2581-2602. [PMID: 35916986 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy. To cure epilepsy, drugs must target the mechanisms at the origin of seizures. Thus, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini against kainate-induced status epilepticus in mice, and possible mechanisms of action. Mice were divided into 7 groups and treated as follows: normal group or kainate group received po distilled water (10 mL/kg), four test groups received Syzygium cumini (28.8, 72, 144, and 288 mg/kg, po), and the positive control group treated intraperitoneally (ip) with sodium valproate (300 mg/kg). An extra group of normal mice was treated with piracetam (200 mg/kg, po). Treatments were administered 60 min before the induction of status epilepticus with kainate (15 mg/kg, ip), and continued daily throughout behavioral testing. Twenty-four hours after the induction, T-maze and Morris water maze tasks were successively performed. The animals were then sacrificed and some markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were estimated in the hippocampus. The extract significantly prevented status epilepticus and mortality. In the T-maze, the aqueous extract markedly increased the time spent and the number of entries in the discriminated arm. In the Morris water maze, the extract significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase. Furthermore, the aqueous extract induced a significant reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini has antiepileptic- and anti-amnesic-like effects, likely mediated in part by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Saleh Nodeina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Symphorien Talom Mabou
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Piperine Provides Neuroprotection against Kainic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity via Maintaining NGF Signalling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092638. [PMID: 35565989 PMCID: PMC9104445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective properties of piperine, the major alkaloid extracted from black pepper, have been under investigation, but its mechanism of action in excitotoxicity is still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of piperine with a focus on nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling in a kainic acid (KA) rat model of excitotoxicity. Rats were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) piperine (10 or 50 mg/kg) before KA injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results show that KA exposure in rats caused seizure behaviour, intrinsic neuronal hyperactivity, glutamate elevation, hippocampal neuronal damage, and cognitive impairment. These KA-induced alterations could be restored to the normal state by piperine treatment. In addition, piperine decreased the expression of the NGF precursor proNGF and NGF-degrading protease matrix metalloproteinase 9, whereas it increased the expression of proNGF processing enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 7, NGF, and NGF-activated receptor TrkA in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats. Furthermore, KA decreased phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the hippocampus, and piperine reversed these changes. Our data suggest that piperine protects hippocampal neurons against KA-induced excitotoxicity by upregulating the NGF/TrkA/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathways.
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Pazarlar BA, Madsen CA, Oyar EÖ, Eğilmez CB, Mikkelsen JD. Temporal and Spatial Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) under Kainic Acid Induced Epileptogenesis: An Autoradiographic Study. Epilepsy Res 2022; 183:106926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Senik MH, Abu IF, Fadhullah W. Analysis of K ATP Channels Opening Probability of Hippocampus Cells Treated with Kainic Acid. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:15-26. [PMID: 33679216 PMCID: PMC7909348 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures may be a valuable tool in the assessment of anti-epileptic drug efficacy in complex partial seizures. This study investigated the effects of KA on ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels opening probability (NPo), which plays a crucial role in neuronal activities. Methods For the optimisation and validation protocol, β-cells were plated onto 35 mm plastic petri dishes and maintained in RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 10 mM glucose, 10% FCS and 25 mM of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). The treatment effects of 10 mM glucose and 30 μM fluoxetine on KATP channels NPo of β-cells were assessed via cell-attached patch-clamp recordings. For hippocampus cell experiments, hippocampi were harvested from day 17 of maternal Lister-hooded rat foetus, and then transferred to a Ca2+ and Mg2+-free HEPES-buffered Hank's salt solution (HHSS). The dissociated cells were cultured and plated onto a 25 mm round cover glasses coated with poly-d-lysine (0.1 mg/mL) in a petri dish. The KATP channels NPo of hippocampus cells when perfused with 1 mM and 10 mM of KA were determined. Results NPo of β-cells showed significant decreasing patterns (P < 0.001) when treated with 10 mM glucose 0.048 (0.027) as well as 30 μM fluoxetine 0.190 (0.141) as compared to basal counterpart. In hippocampus cell experiment, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean NPo 2.148 (0.175) of neurons when applied with 1 mM of KA as compared to basal was observed. Conclusion The two concentrations of KA used in the study exerted contrasting effects toward the mean of NPo. It is hypothesised that KA at lower concentration (1 mM) opens more KATP channels, leading to hyperpolarisation of the neurons, which may prevent neuronal hyper excitability. No effect was shown in 10 mM KA treatment, suggesting that only lower than 10 mM KA produced significant changes in KATP channels. This implies further validation of KA concentration to be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Harizal Senik
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Widad Fadhullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Grison A, Atanasoski S. Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in the Mouse Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3206-3218. [PMID: 32506380 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development and normal physiology of the nervous system require proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in a strictly controlled manner. The number of cells generated depends on the type of cell division, the cell cycle length, and the fraction of cells that exit the cell cycle to become quiescent or differentiate. The underlying processes are tightly controlled and modulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their interactions with cyclins and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). Studies performed in the nervous system with mouse models lacking individual Cdks, cyclins, and CKIs, or combinations thereof, have shown that many of these molecules control proliferation rates in a cell-type specific and time-dependent manner. In this review, we will provide an update on the in vivo studies on cyclins, Cdks, and CKIs in neuronal and glial tissue. The goal is to highlight their impact on proliferation processes during the development of the peripheral and central nervous system, including and comparing normal and pathological conditions in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grison
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzana Atanasoski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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YALCİN G, SARI A. Endoplazmik retikulum stres belirteçlerinden ATF5 ve fosforile eIF2α düzeylerinin nöroblastoma hücrelerinde kainik asit muamelesi sonrası incelenmesi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.637075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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12
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Concetta Scuto M, Mancuso C, Tomasello B, Laura Ontario M, Cavallaro A, Frasca F, Maiolino L, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Curcumin, Hormesis and the Nervous System. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2417. [PMID: 31658697 PMCID: PMC6835324 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn (family Zingiberaceae) commonly used as a spice to color and flavor food. Several preclinical studies have suggested beneficial roles for curcumin as an adjuvant therapy in free radical-based diseases, mainly neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, curcumin belongs to the family of hormetins and the enhancement of the cell stress response, mainly the heme oxygenase-1 system, is actually considered the common denominator for this dual response. However, evidence-based medicine has clearly demonstrated the lack of any therapeutic effect of curcumin to contrast the onset or progression of neurodegeneration and related diseases. Finally, the curcumin safety profile imposes a careful analysis of the risk/benefit balance prior to proposing chronic supplementation with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cavallaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
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13
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Mairuae N, Connor JR, Buranrat B, Lee SY. Oroxylum indicum (L.) extract protects human neuroblastoma SH‑SY5Y cells against β‑amyloid‑induced cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1933-1942. [PMID: 31257498 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that amyloid β peptide, the major component of senile plaques, serves a critical role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Oroxylum indicum (L.) extract against Aβ25‑35‑induced oxidative stress and cell injury using SH‑SY5Y cells as a model, and at exploring the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that the exposure of cells to 20 µM Aβ25‑35 significantly increased cellular oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased ROS levels. Aβ25‑35 treatment also increased caspase‑3/7 activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and caused viability loss. Oroxylum indicum treatment not only attenuated the generation of ROS and suppressed caspase‑3/7 activity but also reduced the neurotoxicity of Aβ25‑35 in a concentration‑dependent manner, as evidenced by the increased cell viability and decreased LDH release. Treatment with Oroxylum indicum also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, increased the phosphorylation of Akt and cAMP‑responsive element binding protein (CREB), and contributed to the upregulation of Bcl‑2 protein. In combination, these results indicated that Oroxylum indicum extract could protect SH‑SY5Y cells against Aβ25‑35‑induced cell injury, at least partly, by inhibiting oxidative stress, increasing SOD and CAT activity, attenuating caspase 3/7 activity and promoting the cell survival pathway, Akt/CREB/Bcl‑2. The approach used in the present study may also be useful for preventing the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ in AD and related neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies investigating the activity of Oroxylum indicum extract in vivo are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nootchanat Mairuae
- Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mueang, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - James R Connor
- George M. Leader Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Benjaporn Buranrat
- Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mueang, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Sang Y Lee
- George M. Leader Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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14
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Reddy PH, Manczak M, Yin X, Grady MC, Mitchell A, Tonk S, Kuruva CS, Bhatti JS, Kandimalla R, Vijayan M, Kumar S, Wang R, Pradeepkiran JA, Ogunmokun G, Thamarai K, Quesada K, Boles A, Reddy AP. Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:843-866. [PMID: 29332042 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our article is to assess the current understanding of Indian spice, curcumin, against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Natural products, such as ginger, curcumin, and gingko biloba have been used as diets and dietary supplements to treat human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndromes, and neurological disorders. Products derived from plants are known to have protective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritis, pro-healing, and boosting memory cognitive functions. In the last decade, several groups have designed and synthesized curcumin and its derivatives and extensively tested using cell and mouse models of AD. Recent research on Aβ and curcumin has revealed that curcumin prevents Aβ aggregation and crosses the blood-brain barrier, reach brain cells, and protect neurons from various toxic insults of aging and Aβ in humans. Recent research has also reported that curcumin ameliorates cognitive decline and improves synaptic functions in mouse models of AD. Further, recent groups have initiated studies on elderly individuals and patients with AD and the outcome of these studies is currently being assessed. This article highlights the beneficial effects of curcumin on AD. This article also critically assesses the current limitations of curcumin's bioavailability and urgent need for new formulations to increase its brain levels to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Studies, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Grady
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Tonk
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Gilbert Ogunmokun
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kavya Thamarai
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kandi Quesada
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Annette Boles
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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15
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Chong PN, Sangu M, Huat TJ, Reza F, Begum T, Yusoff AAM, Jaafar H, Abdullah JM. Trkb-IP3 Pathway Mediating Neuroprotection in Rat Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Culture Following Induction of Kainic Acid. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:28-45. [PMID: 30914877 PMCID: PMC6422567 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following brain injury, development of hippocampal sclerosis often led to the temporal lobe epilepsy which is sometimes resistant to common anti-epileptic drugs. Cellular and molecular changes underlying epileptogenesis in animal models were studied, however, the underlying mechanisms of kainic acid (KA) mediated neuronal damage in rat hippocampal neuron cell culture alone has not been elucidated yet. METHODS Embryonic day 18 (E-18) rat hippocampus neurons were cultured with poly-L-lysine coated glass coverslips. Following optimisation, KA (0.5 μM), a chemoconvulsant agent, was administered at three different time-points (30, 60 and 90 min) to induce seizure in rat hippocampal neuronal cell culture. We examined cell viability, neurite outgrowth density and immunoreactivity of the hippocampus neuron culture by measuring brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), γ-amino butyric acid A (GABAA) subunit α-1 (GABRA1), tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), and inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R/IP3) levels. RESULTS The results revealed significantly decreased and increased immunoreactivity changes in TrkB (a BDNF receptor) and IP3R, respectively, at 60 min time point. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that TrkB and IP3 could have a neuroprotective role which could be a potential pharmacological target for anti-epilepsy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Nei Chong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muthuraju Sangu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tee Jong Huat
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahamina Begum
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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16
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Lee JM, Hong J, Moon GJ, Jung UJ, Won SY, Kim SR. Morin Prevents Granule Cell Dispersion and Neurotoxicity via Suppression of mTORC1 in a Kainic Acid-induced Seizure Model. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:226-237. [PMID: 30022874 PMCID: PMC6050420 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal reorganization of the dentate gyrus and neurotoxic events are important phenotypes in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The effects of morin, a bioflavonoid constituent of many herbs and fruits, on epileptic seizures have not yet been elucidated, though its beneficial effects, such as its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are well-described in various neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with morin hydrate (MH) can reduce the susceptibility to seizures, granule cell dispersion (GCD), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, and the increases in the levels of apoptotic molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MH could reduce susceptibility to seizures and lead to the inhibition of GCD and mTORC1 activity in the KA-treated hippocampus. Moreover, treatment with MH significantly reduced the increased levels of apoptotic signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory mediators in the KA-treated hippocampus compared with control mice, suggesting a neuroprotective role. Therefore, these results suggest that morin has a therapeutic potential against epilepsy through its abilities to inhibit GCD and neurotoxic events in the in vivo hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jungwan Hong
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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17
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Satb2 ablation decreases PTZ-induced seizure susceptibility and pyramidal neuronal excitability. Brain Res 2018; 1695:102-107. [PMID: 29750936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is a transcriptional regulator and people with SATB2 mutation or duplication could display epilepsy. However, whether Satb2 is related with epilepsy and its mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we found that the expression of Satb2 was decreased following the neuronal hyperactivities. Ablation of Satb2 in mice would decrease incidence and stage of seizure induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). At cellular levels, we found pyramidal neuronal excitability and excitatory synaptic inputs in CA1 were decreased in Satb2 mutant mice. Taking together, we proved that deletion of Satb2 in mice increased PTZ seizure threshold probably by modulating neuronal excitability.
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18
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Liu Y, Shi B, Li Y, Zhang H. Protective Effect of Luteolin Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis for Possible Benefit in Kidney Transplant. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5720-5727. [PMID: 29196613 PMCID: PMC5723104 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acceptances and long-term outcomes of the renal transplantations are seriously jeopardized by inflammatory responses and damage to tissues. The present study intended to explicate the pharmacological effect of luteolin (LT) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanism of action of LT. Material/Methods The effect of LT on the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the homogenates of kidney tissues of male Swiss albino mice was determined after I/R injury. The effect of LT on MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and glutathione were also identified by enzyme assay. In addition, Western blotting was used to determine the level of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the presence of LT. Results The results showed that LT caused significant reduction in the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the I/R group without LT (p>0.05). To further confirm this, the efficacy of LT on the histopathology of I/R injured renal tissues was studied. It was found that LT restored cellular viability of damaged renal tissue. This observation was further confirmed by TUNEL assay, where it was found that LT caused considerable reduction in the population of apoptotic cells. LT pretreatment significantly increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced the level of Bax expression together with a reduction in the level of caspase-3 expression. Conclusions Luteolin showed its effect by interfering and attenuating a number of pathways, including pathways for inflammation and apoptosis in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Transplantation, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Hospice Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Family Planning, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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19
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the two most common, progressive central neurodegenerative diseases affecting the population over the age of 60 years. Apart from treatments that temporarily improve symptoms, there is no medicine currently available to inhibit or reverse the progression of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In traditional Chinese medicine, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a classic compatible component in the decoction of herbal medicine used for treating central nervous system diseases. Modern pharmacokinetic studies have confirmed that baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a major bioactive flavone constituent root of S. baicalensis Georgi. Studies showed that baicalein possesses a range of key pharmacological properties, such as reducing oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting aggregation of disease-specific amyloid proteins, inhibiting excitotoxicity, stimulating neurogenesis and differentiation action, and anti-apoptosis effects. Based on these properties, baicalein shows therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological protective actions of baicalein that make it suitable for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College, Shaoyang University, Xueyuan Road Qiliping Campus, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College, Shaoyang University, Xueyuan Road Qiliping Campus, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Biomedical and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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20
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Li X, Nabeka H, Saito S, Shimokawa T, Khan MSI, Yamamiya K, Shan F, Gao H, Li C, Matsuda S. Expression of prosaposin and its receptors in the rat cerebellum after kainic acid injection. IBRO Rep 2017; 2:31-40. [PMID: 30135931 PMCID: PMC6084904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin (PSAP), a highly conserved glycoprotein, is a precursor of saposins A–D. Accumulating evidence suggests that PSAP is a neurotrophic factor that induces differentiation and prevents death in a variety of neuronal cells through the active region within the saposin C domain both in vivo and in vitro. Recently, GPR37 and GPR37L1 were recognized as PSAP receptors. In this study, we examined the alteration in expression of PSAP and its receptors in the cerebellum using rats injected with kainic acid (KA). The results show that PSAP was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells and interneurons in the molecular layer, and that PSAP expression in both types of neurons was markedly enhanced following KA treatment. Immunoblotting revealed that the expression of GPR37 was diminished significantly three days after KA injection compared with control rats; however, no changes were observed through immunostaining. No discernable changes were found in GPR37L1. These findings may help us to understand the role of PSAP and the GPR37 and GPR37L1 receptors in alleviating the neural damage caused by KA.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Cerebellum
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- GPR37
- GPR37L1
- H-E staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- KA, kainic acid
- Kainic acid
- Neurodegeneration
- PSAP, prosaposin
- Prosaposin
- SSC, standard saline citrate
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nabeka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Md Sakirul Islam Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamiya
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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21
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Reddy PH, Manczak M, Yin X, Grady MC, Mitchell A, Kandimalla R, Kuruva CS. Protective effects of a natural product, curcumin, against amyloid β induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1220-1234. [PMID: 27521081 PMCID: PMC5256118 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the protective effects of a natural product—‘curcumin’— in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neurons. Although much research has been done in AD, very little has been reported on the effects of curcumin on mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, function and synaptic activities. Therefore, the present study investigated the protective effects against amyloid β (Aβ) induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities. Using human neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) cells, curcumin and Aβ, we studied the protective effects of curcumin against Aβ. Further, we also studied preventive (curcumin+Aβ) and intervention (Aβ+curcumin) effects of curcumin against Aβ in SHSY5Y cells. Using real time RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis, we measured mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and synaptic genes. We also assessed mitochondrial function by measuring hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial ATP. Cell viability was studied using the MTT assay. Aβ was found to impair mitochondrial dynamics, reduce mitochondrial biogenesis and decrease synaptic activity and mitochondrial function. In contrast, curcumin enhanced mitochondrial fusion activity and reduced fission machinery, and increased biogenesis and synaptic proteins. Mitochondrial function and cell viability were elevated in curcumin treated cells. Interestingly, curcumin pre- and post-treated cells incubated with Aβ showed reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, and maintained cell viability and mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and synaptic activity. Further, the protective effects of curcumin were stronger in pretreated SHSY5Y cells than in post-treated cells, indicating that curcumin works better in prevention than treatment in AD-like neurons. Our findings suggest that curcumin is a promising drug molecule to treat AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Catharine Grady
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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