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Buckner JH. Translational immunology: Applying fundamental discoveries to human health and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250197. [PMID: 37101346 PMCID: PMC10600327 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Studying the human immune system is challenging. These challenges stem from the complexity of the immune system itself, the heterogeneity of the immune system between individuals, and the many factors that lead to this heterogeneity including the influence of genetics, environment, and immune experience. Studies of the human immune system in the context of disease are increased in complexity as multiple combinations and variations in immune pathways can lead to a single disease. Thus, although individuals with a disease may share clinical features, the underlying disease mechanisms and resulting pathophysiology can be diverse among individuals with the same disease diagnosis. This has consequences for the treatment of diseases, as no single therapy will work for everyone, therapeutic efficacy varies among patients, and targeting a single immune pathway is rarely 100% effective. This review discusses how to address these challenges by identifying and managing the sources of variation, improving access to high-quality, well-curated biological samples by building cohorts, applying new technologies such as single-cell omics and imaging technologies to interrogate samples, and bringing to bear computational expertise in conjunction with immunologists and clinicians to interpret those results. The review has a focus on autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, MS, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes, but its recommendations are also applicable to studies of other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane H Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Fares J, Davis ZB, Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Miller JS, Khatua S. Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:17. [PMID: 36792722 PMCID: PMC9932101 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zachary B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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3
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Green Synthesis of Multicolor Emissive Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Bioimaging of Human Cancer Cells. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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4
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Su N, Villicana C, Yang F. Immunomodulatory strategies for bone regeneration: A review from the perspective of disease types. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121604. [PMID: 35667249 PMCID: PMC9881498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies for treating bone loss to date have largely focused on targeting stem cells or vascularization. Immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, can also indirectly enhance bone healing via cytokine secretion to interact with other bone niche cells. Bone niche cues and local immune environment vary depending on anatomical location, size of defects and disease types. As such, it is critical to evaluate the role of the immune system in the context of specific bone niche and different disease types. This review focuses on immunomodulation research for bone applications using biomaterials and cell-based strategies, with a unique perspective from different disease types. We first reviewed applications for prolonging orthopaedic implant lifetime and enhancing fracture healing, two clinical challenges where immunomodulatory strategies were initially developed for orthopedic applications. We then reviewed recent research progress in harnessing immunomodulatory strategies for regenerating critical-sized, long bone or cranial bone defects, and treating osteolytic bone diseases. Remaining gaps in knowledge, future directions and opportunities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cassandra Villicana
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,: Corresponding Author Fan Yang, Ph D, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Biomedical Innovation Building, 1st floor, Room 1200, , Phone: (650) 646-8558
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5
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Abstract
Lymph node mapping for tumor micrometastasis is of great significance for the prevention, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Currently, the traditional clinical detection methods (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography/computed tomography) in clinical lymph node mapping still have some inherent disadvantages, which have prompted the development of various fluorescent probes for lymph node mapping. However, the conventional fluorescent probes such as indocyanine green or methylene blue in lymph node mapping are still accompanied by several problems such as impaired surgical field vision due to dye staining or less accumulation and shorter retention time in the lymph node. In a recent achievement, newly designed nanoparticles are prepared with novel properties that could be attractive for lymph node mapping. In this review, we will provide details on the progress of various nanoparticles for lymph node mapping and emphasize other multivariant properties in different nanoparticles, including strong tumor-targeting affinity and specificity, self-luminescence, and even with the function to kill metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ruirui Kang
- The Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- The Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, P.R. China
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6
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Head T, Cady NC. Monitoring and modulation of the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer modeling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:598-613. [PMID: 35088603 PMCID: PMC9014523 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221074293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments utilizing biologic or cytotoxic drugs compose the frontline of therapy, and though gains in treatment efficacy have been persistent in recent decades, much work remains in understanding cancer progression and treatment. Compounding this situation is the low rate of success when translating preclinical drug candidates to the clinic, which raises costs and development timelines. This underperformance is due in part to the poor recapitulation of the tumor microenvironment, a critical component of cancer biology, in cancer model systems. New technologies capable of both accurately observing and manipulating the tumor microenvironment are needed to effectively model cancer response to treatment. In this review, conventional cancer models are summarized, and a primer on emerging techniques for monitoring and modulating the tumor microenvironment is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen Head
- College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering,
State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nathaniel C Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering,
State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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7
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Atchudan R, Chandra Kishore S, Gangadaran P, Jebakumar Immanuel Edison TN, Perumal S, Rajendran RL, Alagan M, Al-Rashed S, Ahn BC, Lee YR. Tunable fluorescent carbon dots from biowaste as fluorescence ink and imaging human normal and cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112365. [PMID: 34767820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing global biowaste and its environmental issues challenge the need for converting biowastes into a beneficial product. Among the biowaste, here kiwi fruit (Actinidia Deliciosa) peels are considered for the preparation of carbon dots (CDs). Using a green one-pot hydrothermal-carbonization method, kiwi fruit peels were effectively converted into valuable kiwi fruit peel carbon dots (KFP-CDs). The morphology, physio-chemical and optical properties of as-synthesized KFP-CDs were analyzed using various analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The KFP-CDs revealed a homogeneous spherical shape, monodispersed with an average size of 5 nm. The characterization confirms that KFP-CDs have functional groups such as -CN, -COOH, and -OH which are responsible for the easy dispersion of KFP-CDs in aqueous media. Without any preprocessing, KFP-CDs exhibit strong fluorescence upon exposure to UV light. Further, KFP-CDs displayed excitation-dependent fluorescence emission with a good quantum yield of about 18%. Thus by considering the excellent properties of KFP-CDs, KFP-CDs were used as fluorescent ink for drawing and writing without any capping/passivation agent. The pictures and words were instantaneously viewed when exposed to UV light. In addition, KFP-CDs tested for cell imaging in four human cell lines (normal and cancer cells) bestowed excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, which is important for the safe and long-term development of cellular imaging. The findings imply that KFP-CDs can be utilized as a cell labeling agent for mesenchymal stem cells, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer cells in vitro imaging. Thus, these observations revealed that investigating sustainable resource-based CDs can open up new avenues for tackling environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai, 602 105, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suguna Perumal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthulakshmi Alagan
- Faculty of Information and Communication Science, University of Information Science and Technology "St.Paul the Apostle", Ohrid, Macedonia
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Subhan MA, Muzibur Rahman M. Recent Development in Metallic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100331. [PMID: 35146897 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles are very promising for their applications in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy. Breast cancer is the major reason of death in woman especially in developed countries including EU and USA. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, nanoparticles are effective as therapeutics and diagnostics. Anti-cancer therapy of breast tumors is challenging because of highly metastatic progression of the disease to brain, bone, lung, and liver. Magnetic nanoparticles are crucial for metastatic breast cancer detection and protection. This review comprehensively discusses the application of nanomaterials as breast cancer therapy, therapeutics, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, 3114, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Muzibur Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Imaging Immune Cells Using Fc Domain Probes in Mouse Cancer Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020300. [PMID: 35053466 PMCID: PMC8773629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immune system responds to abnormal cell growth by sending immune cells to kill them. The immune cell response is very important since it can usually stop abnormal cells from growing and spreading. Immuno-therapeutics used to treat cancer require help from the immune system to be effective. A biopsy is typically performed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment which is invasive and difficult. A simpler and less invasive way to monitor therapeutic efficacy is needed. Here, we show a molecule that can be used as an imaging agent to determine immune cell recruitment to tumors. Abstract Tracking immune responses is complex due to the mixture of cell types, variability in cell populations, and the dynamic environment. Tissue biopsies and blood analysis can identify infiltrating and circulating immune cells; however, due to the dynamic nature of the immune response, these are prone to sampling errors. Non-invasive targeted molecular imaging provides a method to monitor immune response, which has advantages of providing whole-body images, being non-invasive, and allowing longitudinal monitoring. Three non-specific Fc-containing proteins were labeled with near-infrared dye IRDye800CW and used as imaging probes to assess tumor-infiltrating immune cells in FaDu and A-431 xenograft models. We showed that Fc domains localize to tumors and are visible by fluorescent imaging. This tumor localization appears to be based on binding tumor-associated immune cells and some xenografts showed higher fluorescent signals than others. The Fc domain alone bound to different human immune cell types. The Fc domain can be a valuable research tool to study innate immune response.
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10
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Agarkov A, Agarkov N, Shulunova A, Sidelnikov A, Nekrasova I. Morphofunctional characteristics of animals in the detection of embryonic antigens in the prenatal and postnatal periods. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases in newborn animals cause significant damage to animal husbandry. This is a complex problem, in which, along with such factors as the environment and the pathogen, an important role is played by the reaction of the body of newborns and their close connection with the mother's body. The study of enzyme relationships in the functional system «mother-fetus-newborn» can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of improving the safety of the population of newborn animals. Newborn animals have different degrees of functional maturity. Functional capacity of some organs and the system of the newborn, in comparison with the parent individuals, can be determined both genetically and by the conditions of intrauterine development. Currently, a sufficient number of facts have been accumulated that any deviations or violations of homeostasis parameters the mother's body affects the fetus and Vice versa. The main role in compensating for impaired functions belongs to the mother's body, but the fetus is also able to participate in these reactions to a certain extent. Functional integration of fetal and maternal homologous systems when performing homeostatic functions concerns the activity of the blood enzyme component. The aim of our research was to study quantitative and qualitative changes in the activity of blood enzymes in non-pregnant sows, in the first and second half of pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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11
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Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:281-287. [PMID: 35836076 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in multiple tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid. MSCs can differentiate into multilineage cells under defined conditions in vitro and in vivo. MSCs have been shown to have therapeutic effects on various types of diseases. Noninvasive in vivo monitoring of MSCs is considered one of the important techniques for developing cell therapy. In this protocol, we introduce strategized MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) of knock-in mouse model expressing mCherry-Renilla luciferase (mCherry-RLuc) for noninvasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of injected BM-MSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Non-invasive fluorescence imaging for tracking immune cells in preclinical models of immunotherapy. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 167:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Helfer BM, Ponomarev V, Patrick PS, Blower PJ, Feitel A, Fruhwirth GO, Jackman S, Pereira Mouriès L, Park MVDZ, Srinivas M, Stuckey DJ, Thu MS, van den Hoorn T, Herberts CA, Shingleton WD. Options for imaging cellular therapeutics in vivo: a multi-stakeholder perspective. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:757-773. [PMID: 33832818 PMCID: PMC9344904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been making great advances toward clinical reality. Despite the increase in trial activity, few therapies have successfully navigated late-phase clinical trials and received market authorization. One possible explanation for this is that additional tools and technologies to enable their development have only recently become available. To support the safety evaluation of cell therapies, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-Tracking, Circulation and Safety Committee, a multisector collaborative committee, polled the attendees of the 2017 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy conference in London, UK, to understand the gaps and needs that cell therapy developers have encountered regarding safety evaluations in vivo. The goal of the survey was to collect information to inform stakeholders of areas of interest that can help ensure the safe use of cellular therapeutics in the clinic. This review is a response to the cellular imaging interests of those respondents. The authors offer a brief overview of available technologies and then highlight the areas of interest from the survey by describing how imaging technologies can meet those needs. The areas of interest include imaging of cells over time, sensitivity of imaging modalities, ability to quantify cells, imaging cellular survival and differentiation and safety concerns around adding imaging agents to cellular therapy protocols. The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-Tracking, Circulation and Safety Committee believes that the ability to understand therapeutic cell fate is vital for determining and understanding cell therapy efficacy and safety and offers this review to aid in those needs. An aim of this article is to share the available imaging technologies with the cell therapy community to demonstrate how these technologies can accomplish unmet needs throughout the translational process and strengthen the understanding of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Feitel
- Formerly, Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shawna Jackman
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Margriet V D Z Park
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cenya Imaging BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mya S Thu
- Visicell Medical Inc, La Jolla, California, USA
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Chung S, Revia RA, Zhang M. Iron oxide nanoparticles for immune cell labeling and cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:696-717. [PMID: 34286791 PMCID: PMC8496976 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment that leverages components of the immune system as opposed to chemotherapeutics or radiation. Cell migration is an integral process in a therapeutic immune response, and the ability to track and image the migration of immune cells in vivo allows for better characterization of the disease and monitoring of the therapeutic outcomes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising candidates for use in immunotherapy as they are biocompatible, have flexible surface chemistry, and display magnetic properties that may be used in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review, advances in application of IONPs in cell tracking and cancer immunotherapy are presented. Following a brief overview of the cancer immunity cycle, developments in labeling and tracking various immune cells using IONPs are highlighted. We also discuss factors that influence the effectiveness of IONPs as MRI contrast agents. Finally, we outline different approaches for cancer immunotherapy and highlight current efforts that utilize IONPs to stimulate immune cells to enhance their activity and response to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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15
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Liu N, Chen X, Kimm MA, Stechele M, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wildgruber M, Ma X. In vivo optical molecular imaging of inflammation and immunity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1385-1398. [PMID: 34272967 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the phenotypic form of various diseases. Recent development in molecular imaging provides new insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of different inflammatory diseases as well as diseases involving inflammation such as cancer. While conventional imaging techniques used in the clinical setting provide only indirect measures of inflammation such as increased perfusion and altered endothelial permeability, optical imaging is able to report molecular information on diseased tissue and cells. Optical imaging is a quick, noninvasive, nonionizing, and easy-to-use diagnostic technology which has been successfully applied for preclinical research. Further development of optical imaging technology such as optoacoustic imaging overcomes the limitations of mere fluorescence imaging, thereby enabling pilot clinical applications in humans. By means of endogenous and exogenous contrast agents, sites of inflammation can be accurately visualized in vivo. This allows for early disease detection and specific disease characterization, enabling more rapid and targeted therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize currently available optical imaging techniques used to detect inflammation, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), bioluminescence, fluorescence, optoacoustics, and Raman spectroscopy. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different in vivo imaging applications with a special focus on targeting inflammation including immune cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Xiao Chen
- Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie A Kimm
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Stechele
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Xueli Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
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Oliveira FA, Nucci MP, Mamani JB, Alves AH, Rego GNA, Kondo AT, Hamerschlak N, Junqueira MS, de Souza LEB, Gamarra LF. Multimodal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Young and Old Mice Labeled with Magnetic-Fluorescent Nanoparticles and Their Grafting by Bioluminescence in a Bone Marrow Transplant Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070752. [PMID: 34209598 PMCID: PMC8301491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an innovative way to evaluate the homing and tracking of hematopoietic stem cells from young and old mice labeled with SPIONNIRF-Rh conjugated with two types of fluorophores (NIRF and Rhodamine), and their grafting by bioluminescence (BLI) in a bone marrow transplant (BMT) model. In an in vitro study, we isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) from young and old mice, and analyzed the physical-chemical characteristics of SPIONNIRF-Rh, their internalization, cell viability, and the iron quantification by NIRF, ICP-MS, and MRI. The in vivo study was performed in a BMT model to evaluate the homing, tracking, and grafting of young and old BM-MNC labeled with SPIONNIRF-Rh by NIRF and BLI, as well as the hematological reconstitution for 120 days. 5FU influenced the number of cells isolated mainly in young cells. SPIONNIRF-Rh had adequate characteristics for efficient internalization into BM-MNC. The iron load quantification by NIRF, ICP-MS, and MRI was in the order of 104 SPIONNIRF-Rh/BM-MNC. In the in vivo study, the acute NIRF evaluation showed higher signal intensity in the spinal cord and abdominal region, and the BLI evaluation allowed follow-up (11-120 days), achieving a peak of intensity at 30 days, which remained stable around 108 photons/s until the end. The hematologic evaluation showed similar behavior until 30 days and the histological results confirm that iron is present in almost all tissue evaluated. Our results on BM-MNC homing and tracking in the BMT model did not show a difference in migration or grafting of cells from young or old mice, with the hemogram analysis trending to differentiation towards the myeloid lineage in mice that received cells from old animals. The cell homing by NIRF and long term cell follow-up by BLI highlighted the relevance of the multimodal nanoparticles and combined techniques for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Oliveira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
- LIM44—Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Arielly H. Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Gabriel N. A. Rego
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Andrea T. Kondo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
| | - Mara S. Junqueira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo—ICESP, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lucas E. B. de Souza
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil; (F.A.O.); (M.P.N.); (J.B.M.); (A.H.A.); (G.N.A.R.); (A.T.K.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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17
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Mansilla MJ, Presas-Rodríguez S, Teniente-Serra A, González-Larreategui I, Quirant-Sánchez B, Fondelli F, Djedovic N, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Chwojnicki K, Miljković Đ, Trzonkowski P, Ramo-Tello C, Martínez-Cáceres EM. Paving the way towards an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis: advances in cell therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1353-1374. [PMID: 33958746 PMCID: PMC8167140 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of chronic neurological disability in young to middle-aged adults, affecting ~2.5 million people worldwide. Currently, most therapeutics for MS are systemic immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs, but these drugs are unable to halt or reverse the disease and have the potential to cause serious adverse events. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of next-generation treatments that, alone or in combination, stop the undesired autoimmune response and contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. This review analyzes current MS treatments as well as different cell-based therapies that have been proposed to restore homeostasis in MS patients (tolerogenic dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and vaccination with T cells). Data collected from preclinical studies performed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in animals, in vitro cultures of cells from MS patients and the initial results of phase I/II clinical trials are analyzed to better understand which parameters are relevant for obtaining an efficient cell-based therapy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mansilla
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - S Presas-Rodríguez
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Teniente-Serra
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I González-Larreategui
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B Quirant-Sánchez
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Fondelli
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N Djedovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Poltreg S.A., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Chwojnicki
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Đ Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Poltreg S.A., Gdańsk, Poland
| | - C Ramo-Tello
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - E M Martínez-Cáceres
- Division of Immunology, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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18
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Preclinical models and technologies to advance nanovaccine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:148-182. [PMID: 33711401 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of targeted immunotherapies is revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, in addition to several tumor-associated immunosuppression mechanisms are among the major factors that have precluded the success of cancer vaccines as targeted cancer immunotherapies. The exciting outcomes obtained in patients upon the injection of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants intratumorally, reinvigorated interest in the use of nanotechnology to foster the delivery of vaccines to address cancer unmet needs. Thus, bridging nano-based vaccine platform development and predicted clinical outcomes the selection of the proper preclinical model will be fundamental. Preclinical models have revealed promising outcomes for cancer vaccines. However, only few cases were associated with clinical responses. This review addresses the major challenges related to the translation of cancer nano-based vaccines to the clinic, discussing the requirements for ex vivo and in vivo models of cancer to ensure the translation of preclinical success to patients.
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Perumal S, Gangadaran P, Bae YW, Ahn BC, Cheong IW. Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanocarriers from Graphite for Treating Thyroid Cancer Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2317-2328. [PMID: 33872491 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, biocompatible graphene (G) nanocarriers decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared using 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA). For this, we report the use of graphite directly instead of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. Graphene nanocarrier (in situ GIOPMPC) was prepared in one-pot by in situ copolymerization of MPC and PEGMA monomers in the presence of IONPs and G. GIOPMCP nanocarriers were prepared by sonication using PMPC-co-PEGMA copolymers in the presence of IONPs and G. The prepared graphene nanocarriers were thoroughly characterized by various techniques. The analyses confirmed the successful preparation of nanocarriers with even distributions of PMPC-co-PEGMA and IONPs on surface G. The IONPs were coordinated through the phosphate groups in PMPC. Excellent dispersibility of the graphene nanocarriers in water enabled drug delivery applications. The prepared nanocarriers did not show significant cytotoxicity to the thyroid cancer cells up to 8 mg/mL (IC50: 38.26 mg/mL). Thyroid cancer cells were stably transduced with a bioluminescent reporter to monitor cell cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto in situ GIOPMPC nanocarriers at two different concentrations and was successfully delivered to thyroid cancer cells, resulting in strong cytotoxicity. Moreover, signaling mechanistic analyses showed apoptosis activation, inhibition of anti-apoptosis and proliferation, and increased DNA damage in the thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Perumal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Won Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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20
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Hyder F, Coman D. Imaging Extracellular Acidification and Immune Activation in Cancer. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 18. [PMID: 33997581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism reveals pathways by which cells, in healthy and disease tissues, use nutrients to fuel their function and (re)growth. However, gene-centric views have dominated cancer hallmarks, relegating metabolic reprogramming that all cells in the tumor niche undergo as an incidental phenomenon. Aerobic glycolysis in cancer is well known, but recent evidence suggests that diverse symbolic traits of cancer cells are derived from oncogene-directed metabolism required for their sustenance and evolution. Cells in the tumor milieu actively metabolize different nutrients, but proficiently secrete acidic by-products using diverse mechanisms to create a hostile ecosystem for host cells, and where local immune cells suffer collateral damage. Since metabolic interactions between cancer and immune cells hold promise for future cancer therapies, here we focus on translational magnetic resonance methods enabling in vivo and simultaneous detection of tumor habitat acidification and immune activation - innovations for monitoring personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Neuroimaging with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR) Research Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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Radioiodine labeling and in vivo trafficking of extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5041. [PMID: 33658566 PMCID: PMC7930277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution and role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are still largely unknown. Reliable tracking methods for EVs are needed. In this study, nuclear imaging using radioiodine were developed and applied for tracking EVs derived from cell lines. EVs were obtained from supernatant of thyroid cancer cell (Cal62) and natural killer cells (NK92-MI) using sequential ultracentrifuges. Sulfosuccinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxypheynyl) propionate were labeled to membrane of Cal62 and NK92-MI cell derived EVs, then the EVs were labeled with radioiodine (I-131 and I-125) using pre-coated iodination tubes (RI-EVs). In vivo gamma camera images were obtained after intravenous injection of the RI-EVs, and ex vivo biodistribution study was also performed. EVs were labeled with radioiodine and radiochemical purity of the RI-EV was more than 98%. Results of nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy showed that there was no significant difference in EVs before and after the radioiodine labeling. After intravenous injection of RI-EVs to mice, gamma camera imaging well visualized the real-time biodistribution of the RI-EVs. RI-EVs were mainly visualized at liver, spleen, and lung. Nuclear imaging system of EVs derived from thyroid cancer and NK cells using radioiodine labeling of the EVs was established. Thus, this system might be helpful for in vivo tracking of EVs.
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22
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van der Krogt JMA, van Binsbergen WH, van der Laken CJ, Tas SW. Novel positron emission tomography tracers for imaging of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102764. [PMID: 33476822 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging modality that relies on visualization of molecular targets in tissues, which is nowadays combined with a structural imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and referred to as hybrid PET imaging. This technique allows to image specific immunological targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, quantification of the PET signal enables highly sensitive monitoring of therapeutic effects on the molecular target. PET may also aid in stratification of the immuno-phenotype at baseline in order to develop personalized therapy. In this systematic review we will provide an overview of novel PET tracers, investigated in the context of RA, either pre-clinically, or clinically, that specifically visualize immune cells or stromal cells, as well as other factors and processes that contribute to pathology. The potential of these tracers in RA diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of treatment outcome will be discussed. In addition, novel PET tracers established within the field of oncology that may be of use in RA will also be reviewed in order to expand the future opportunities of PET imaging in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M A van der Krogt
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter H van Binsbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center (ARC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Intravital Optical Imaging to Monitor Anti-Tumor Immunological Response in Preclinical Models. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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24
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Tran LM, Thomson AW. Detection and Monitoring of Regulatory Immune Cells Following Their Adoptive Transfer in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:614578. [PMID: 33381125 PMCID: PMC7768032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of cell-based immunotherapy in organ transplantation to minimize the burden of immunosuppressive medication and promote allograft tolerance has expanded significantly over the past decade. Adoptively transferred regulatory immune cells prolong allograft survival and transplant tolerance in pre-clinical models. Many cell products are currently under investigation in early phase human clinical trials designed to assess feasibility and safety. Despite rapid advances in manufacturing practices, defining the appropriate protocol that will optimize in vivo conditions for tolerance induction remains a major challenge and depends heavily on understanding the fate, biodistribution, functional stability and longevity of the cell product after administration. This review focuses on in vivo detection and monitoring of various regulatory immune cell types administered for allograft tolerance induction in both pre-clinical animal models and early human clinical trials. We discuss the current status of various non-invasive methods for tracking regulatory cell products in the context of organ transplantation and implications for enhanced understanding of the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapy in the broad context of control of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Tran
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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25
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Müller C, Schibli R, Maurer B. Can Nuclear Imaging of Activated Macrophages with Folic Acid-Based Radiotracers Serve as a Prognostic Means to Identify COVID-19 Patients at Risk? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090238. [PMID: 32916949 PMCID: PMC7559490 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we discuss the potential role of folic acid-based radiopharmaceuticals for macrophage imaging to support clinical decision-making in patients with COVID-19. Activated macrophages play an important role during coronavirus infections. Exuberant host responses, i.e., a cytokine storm with increase of macrophage-related cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 can lead to life-threatening complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which develops in approximately 20% of the patients. Diverse immune modulating therapies are currently being tested in clinical trials. In a preclinical proof-of-concept study in experimental interstitial lung disease, we showed the potential of 18F-AzaFol, an 18F-labeled folic acid-based radiotracer, as a specific novel imaging tool for the visualization and monitoring of macrophage-driven lung diseases. 18F-AzaFol binds to the folate receptor-beta (FRβ) that is expressed on activated macrophages involved in inflammatory conditions. In a recent multicenter cancer trial, 18F-AzaFol was successfully and safely applied (NCT03242993). It is supposed that the visualization of activated macrophage-related disease processes by folate radiotracer-based nuclear imaging can support clinical decision-making by identifying COVID-19 patients at risk of a severe disease progression with a potentially lethal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Center for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-22-66
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26
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Serganova I, Blasberg RG. Molecular Imaging with Reporter Genes: Has Its Promise Been Delivered? J Nucl Med 2020; 60:1665-1681. [PMID: 31792128 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first reporter systems were developed in the early 1980s and were based on measuring the activity of an enzyme-as a surrogate measure of promoter-driven transcriptional activity-which is now known as a reporter gene system. The initial objective and application of reporter techniques was to analyze the activity of a specific promoter (namely, the expression of a gene that is under the regulation of the specific promoter that is linked to the reporter gene). This system allows visualization of specific promoter activity with great sensitivity. In general, there are 2 classes of reporter systems: constitutively expressed (always-on) reporter constructs used for cell tracking, and inducible reporter systems sensitive to endogenous signaling molecules and transcription factors that characterize specific tissues, tumors, or signaling pathways.This review traces the development of different reporter systems, using fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins as well as radionuclide-based reporter systems. The development and application of radionuclide-based reporter systems is the focus of this review. The question at the end of the review is whether the "promise" of reporter gene imaging has been realized. What is required for moving forward with radionuclide-based reporter systems, and what is required for successful translation to clinical applications?
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Serganova
- Department of Neurology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald G Blasberg
- Department of Neurology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Hospital, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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27
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Gangadaran P, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Application of In Vivo Imaging Techniques for Monitoring Natural Killer Cell Migration and Tumor Infiltration. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051318. [PMID: 32455886 PMCID: PMC7281416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has shown promise against various cancer types. To some extent therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy depends on migration of NK cells towards tumors in animal models or human subjects and subsequent infiltration. Constant improvement in the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of NK cells is driving the performance and use of NK cell-based immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize the molecular imaging techniques used in monitoring the migration and infiltration of NK cells in vivo at preclinical and clinical levels. A review of pros and cons of each molecular imaging modality is done. Finally, we provide our perception of the usefulness of molecular imaging approaches for in vivo monitoring of NK cells in preclinical and clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (P.G.); (R.L.R.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (P.G.); (R.L.R.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (P.G.); (R.L.R.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence:
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28
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Liu H, Ren F, Zhou X, Ma C, Wang T, Zhang H, Sun Q, Li Z. Ultra-Sensitive Detection and Inhibition of the Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells to Adjacent Lymph Nodes and Distant Organs by Using Long-Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15064-15072. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ren
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Zhou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Changqiu Ma
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Sun
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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Song X, Wang S, Zhao C, Zhang W, Wang G, Jia S. Visual method for evaluating liver function: targeted in vivo fluorescence imaging of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5015-5024. [PMID: 31646026 PMCID: PMC6788595 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The visual evaluation of liver function (LF) has always been a hot topic in research on liver diseases. In vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI) of the Cy5.5-galactosylated polylysine (Cy5.5-GP) probe targeting asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), for evaluating LF in chronic alcoholic liver injury (cALI) mice was investigated in this study. The decrease of fluorescence signals in the livers showed a biological relationship with the liver ASGPR expression, histology, and serum marker levels of LF in cALI mice. The targeted IVFI of ASGPR as a novel method can intuitively and noninvasively display the characteristics of liver's ASGPR level to provide a reference for evaluating LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuyou Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Hapten and Protein Biomedical Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuyong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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30
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Fath-Bayati L, Vasei M, Sharif-Paghaleh E. Optical fluorescence imaging with shortwave infrared light emitter nanomaterials for in vivo cell tracking in regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7905-7918. [PMID: 31559692 PMCID: PMC6850965 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo tracking and monitoring of adoptive cell transfer has a distinct importance in cell‐based therapy. There are many imaging modalities for in vivo monitoring of biodistribution, viability and effectiveness of transferred cells. Some of these procedures are not applicable in the human body because of low sensitivity and high possibility of tissue damages. Shortwave infrared region (SWIR) imaging is a relatively new technique by which deep biological tissues can be potentially visualized with high resolution at cellular level. Indeed, scanning of the electromagnetic spectrum (beyond 1000 nm) of SWIR has a great potential to increase sensitivity and resolution of in vivo imaging for various human tissues. In this review, molecular imaging modalities used for monitoring of biodistribution and fate of administered cells with focusing on the application of non‐invasive optical imaging at shortwave infrared region are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fath-Bayati
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cell-based Therapies Research Institute, Digestive Disease Research Institute (DDRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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31
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State of the Art of Natural Killer Cell Imaging: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070967. [PMID: 31324064 PMCID: PMC6678345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell therapy is a promising alternative to conventional T cell-based treatments, although there is a lack of diagnostic tools to predict and evaluate therapeutic outcomes. Molecular imaging can offer several approaches to non-invasively address this issue. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the state of the art of NK cell imaging and its translational potential. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for published articles on the imaging of NK cells in humans and preclinical models. Study quality was evaluated following Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) criteria. We pooled studies as follows: Optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging with a total of 21 studies (n = 5, n = 8 and n = 8, respectively). Considering the limitation of comparing different imaging modalities, it appears that optical imaging (OI) of NK cells is very useful in a preclinical setting, but has the least translational potential. MRI provides high quality images without ionizing radiations with lower sensitivity. Nuclear medicine is the only imaging technique that has been applied in humans (four papers), but results were not outstanding due to a limited number of enrolled patients. At present, no technique emerged as superior over the others and more standardization is required in conducting human and animal studies.
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32
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Liu Y, Huang W, Xiong C, Huang Y, Chen BJ, Racioppi L, Chao N, Vo-Dinh T. Biodistribution and sensitive tracking of immune cells with plasmonic gold nanostars. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3403-3411. [PMID: 31190799 PMCID: PMC6514259 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To quantitatively and sensitively investigate the biodistribution of immune cells after systemic administration. Methods: Immune cells were loaded with plasmonic gold nanostars (GNS) tracking probes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantitative gold mass measurement and two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) was used for high-resolution sensitive optical imaging. Results: GNS nanoparticles were loaded successfully into immune cells without negative effect on cellular vitality. Liver and spleen were identified to be the major organs for macrophage cells uptake after systematic administration. A small amount of macrophage cells were detected in the tumor site in our murine lymphoma animal model. Conclusion: GNS has great potential as a biocompatible marker for quantitative tracking and high-resolution imaging of immune cells at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Luigi Racioppi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nelson Chao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Ten Brinke A, Martinez-Llordella M, Cools N, Hilkens CMU, van Ham SM, Sawitzki B, Geissler EK, Lombardi G, Trzonkowski P, Martinez-Caceres E. Ways Forward for Tolerance-Inducing Cellular Therapies- an AFACTT Perspective. Front Immunol 2019; 10:181. [PMID: 30853957 PMCID: PMC6395407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies with cellular therapies using tolerance-inducing cells, such as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (tolAPC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) for the prevention of transplant rejection and the treatment of autoimmune diseases have been expanding the last decade. In this perspective, we will summarize the current perspectives of the clinical application of both tolAPC and Treg, and will address future directions and the importance of immunomonitoring in clinical studies that will result in progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Martinez-Llordella
- Department of Inflammation Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catharien M U Hilkens
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Section of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Division of Immunology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, LCMN, IGTP, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Lee HJ, Ehlerding EB, Cai W. Antibody-Based Tracers for PET/SPECT Imaging of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Chembiochem 2019; 20:422-436. [PMID: 30240550 PMCID: PMC6377337 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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Lee H, Lee HW, La Lee Y, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. Optimization of Dendritic Cell-Mediated Cytotoxic T-Cell Activation by Tracking of Dendritic Cell Migration Using Reporter Gene Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:398-406. [PMID: 29027077 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to optimize the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated T-cell activation using reporter gene imaging and flow cytometric analysis in living mice. PROCEDURES A murine dendritic cell line (DC2.4) co-expressing effluc and Thy1.1 genes were established by transfection with retroviral vectors. Thy1.1 positive cells were sorted by magnetic bead separation system (DC2.4/effluc). Cell proliferation assay and phenotype analysis to determine the effects of gene transduction on the function of dendritic cells between parental DC2.4 and DC2.4/effluc were performed. To optimize the DC-mediated immune response by cell number or frequency, different cell numbers (5 × 105, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 DC2.4/effluc) or different frequencies of DC2.4/effluc (first, second, and third injections) were injected in the right footpad of mice. The migration of the DC2.4/effluc into the draining popliteal lymph node of mice was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Flow cytometric analysis was performed with splenocytes to determine the cytotoxic T-cell population after injection of DC2.4/effluc. RESULTS Parental DC2.4 and DC2.4/effluc exhibit no significant differences in their proliferation and phenotype. BLI signals were observed in the draining popliteal lymph node at day 1 after injection of DC2.4/effluc in 1 × 106 and 2 × 106 cells-injected groups. The highest BLI signal intensity was detected in 2 × 106 cells-injected mice. On day 11, the BLI signal was detected in only 2 × 106 cell-injected group but not in other groups. Optimized cell numbers (2 × 106) were injected in three animal groups with a different frequency (first, second, and third injection groups). The BLI signal was detected at day 1 and maintained until day 7 in the first injection group, but there is low signal intensity in the second and the third injection groups. Although the expression levels of Thy1.1 gene in the first injection group were very high, there reveals no expression of Thy1.1 gene in the second and the third injection groups. The number of tumor-specific CD8+ T-cells in the spleen significantly increased, as the number of DC injections increases. CONCLUSIONS Successful optimization of DC-mediated cytotoxic T-cell activation in living mice using reporter gene imaging and flow cytometric analysis was achieved. The optimization of DC-mediated cytotoxic T-cell activation could be applied for the future DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongje Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dongnam Institution of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea
| | - You La Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea.,Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, 50, Samduk-dong 2-ga, Jung Gu, Daegu, 700-721, South Korea.
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Evans ER, Bugga P, Asthana V, Drezek R. Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:673-685. [PMID: 30197553 PMCID: PMC6124314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of the body's immune system to attack tumor cells, has gained prominence over the past few decades as a viable cancer treatment strategy. Recently approved immunotherapeutics have conferred remission upon patients with previously bleak outcomes and have expanded the number of tools available to treat cancer. Nanoparticles -including polymeric, liposomal, and metallic formulations - naturally traffic to the spleen and lymph organs and the relevant immune cells therein, making them good candidates for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. Metallic nanoparticle formulations in particular are advantageous because of their potential for dense surface functionalization and their capability for optical or heat based therapeutic methods. Many research groups have investigated the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery platforms to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies. Despite the significant preclinical successes demonstrated by many of these platforms over the last twenty years, few metallic nanoparticles have successfully entered clinical trials with none achieving FDA approval for cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss preclinical research and clinical trials involving metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) for cancer immunotherapy applications and discuss the potential for clinical translation of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reiser Evans
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Pallavi Bugga
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Vishwaratn Asthana
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Rebekah Drezek
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
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37
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Zhu L, Oh JM, Gangadaran P, Kalimuthu S, Baek SH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. Targeting and Therapy of Glioblastoma in a Mouse Model Using Exosomes Derived From Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:824. [PMID: 29740437 PMCID: PMC5924812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells have been used to treat incurable cancers. Recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of NK-cell-derived exosomes (NK-Exo) for treating incurable cancers such as melanoma, leukemia, and neuroblastoma; however, NK-Exo have not been used to treat glioblastoma. In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of NK-Exo against aggressive glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo and determined the tumor-targeting ability of NK-Exo by performing fluorescence imaging. Methods U87/MG cells were transfected with the enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc) and thy1.1 genes; thy1.1-positive cells were selected using microbeads. U87/MG/F cells were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and luciferase-activity assays. NK-Exo were isolated by ultracentrifugation, purified by density gradient centrifugation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle-tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. Cytokine levels in NK-Exo were compared to those in NK cells and NK-cell medium by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NK-Exo-induced apoptosis of cancer cells was confirmed by flow cytometry and western blotting. In vivo therapeutic effects and specificity of NK-Exo against glioblastoma were assessed in a xenograft mouse model by fluorescence imaging. Xenograft mice were treated with NK-Exo, which was administered seven times through the tail vein. Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and tumor volume was measured by ultrasound imaging. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with dextran sulfate 2 h before NK-Exo injection to decrease the liver uptake and increase the tumor specificity of NK-Exo. Results RT-PCR and western blotting confirmed the gene and protein expression of effluc in U87/MG/F cells, with the bioluminescence activity of U87/MG/F cells increasing with an increase in cell number. NTA and DLS results indicated that the size of NK-Exo was ~100 nm, and the western blot results confirmed that NK-Exo expressed exosome markers CD63 and Alix. We confirmed the in vitro cytotoxic effects of NK-Exo on U87/MG/F cells by performing BLI, and the killing effect on U87/MG and U87MG/F cells was measured by CCK-8 and MTT assays (p < 0.001). ELISA results indicated that NK-Exo contained tumor necrosis factor-α and granzyme B. In vivo NK-Exo treatment inhibited tumor growth compared to in control mice (p < 0.001), and pretreatment of xenograft mice with dextran sulfate 2 h before NK-Exo treatment increased the antitumor effect of NK-Exo (p < 0.01) compared to in control and NK-Exo-alone-treated mice. Conclusion NK-Exo targeted and exerted antitumor effects on glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their utility in treating incurable glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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38
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Oh EJ, Lee HW, Kalimuthu S, Kim TJ, Kim HM, Baek SH, Zhu L, Oh JM, Son SH, Chung HY, Ahn BC. In vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a living mouse model. J Control Release 2018; 279:79-88. [PMID: 29655989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration and repair. In this study, we non-invasively monitored the tracking of MSCs toward burn injury sites using MSCs expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) gene in living mice, and evaluated the effects of the MSCs at the injury site. Murine MSCs co-expressing Fluc and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established using a retroviral system (referred to as MSC/Fluc). To evaluate the ability of MSC migration toward burn injury sites, cutaneous burn injury was induced in the dorsal skin of mice. MSC/Fluc was intravenously administrated into the mice model and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to monitor MSC tracking at designated time points. BLI signals of MSC/Fluc appeared in burn injury lesions at 4 days after the cell injection and then gradually decreased. Immunoblotting analysis was conducted to determine the expression of neovascularization-related genes such as TGF-β1 and VEGF in burnt skin. The levels of TGF-β1 and VEGF were higher in the MSC/Fluc-treated group than in the burn injury group. Our observations suggested that MSCs might assist burn wound healing and that MSCs expressing Fluc could be a useful tool for optimizing MSC-based therapeutic strategies for burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea; Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
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Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Ahn BC. An Update on in Vivo Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29541030 PMCID: PMC5835830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently being considered as promising drug delivery vehicles. EVs are naturally occurring vesicles that exhibit many characteristics favorable to serve as drug delivery vehicles. In addition, EVs have inherent properties for treatment of cancers and other diseases. For research and clinical translation of use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles, in vivo tracking of EVs is essential. The latest molecular imaging techniques enable the tracking of EVs in living animals. However, each molecular imaging technique has its certain advantages and limitations for the in vivo imaging of EVs; therefore, understanding the molecular imaging techniques is essential to select the most appropriate imaging technology to achieve the desired imaging goal. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and the molecular imaging techniques used in visualizing and monitoring EVs in in vivo environments. Furthermore, we provide a perceptual vision of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and in vivo monitoring of EVs using molecular imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Ogata-Aoki H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hattori SI, Hayashi H, Danish M, Aoki M, Shiotsu C, Hashiguchi Y, Hamada A, Kobayashi H, Ihn H, Okada S, Mitsuya H. Raltegravir blocks the infectivity of red-fluorescent-protein (mCherry)-labeled HIV-1 JR-FL in the setting of post-exposure prophylaxis in NOD/SCID/Jak3 -/- mice transplanted with human PBMCs. Antiviral Res 2018; 149:78-88. [PMID: 28893602 PMCID: PMC8057117 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Employing NOD/SCID/Jak3-/- mice transplanted with human PBMCs (hNOJ mice) and replication-competent, red-fluorescent-protein (mCherry; mC)-labeled HIV-1JR-FL (HIVmC), we examined whether early antiretroviral treatment blocked the establishment of HIV-1 infection. The use of hNOJ mice and HIVmC enabled us to visually locate infection foci and to examine the early dynamics of HIVmC infection without using a large amount of antiretroviral unlike in non-human primate models. Although when raltegravir (RAL) administration was begun 1 day after intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of HIVmC, no plasma p24 or plasma HIV-1-RNA (pRNA) were detected in 10 of 12 hNOJ (hNOJmCRAL+) mice as assessed on the last day of the 14-day continuous twice-daily RAL administration, all 10 untreated hNOJmC (hNOJmCRAL-) mice became positive for p24 and pRNA and had significantly swollen lymph nodes in peritoneal cavity and abundant p24+/mC+/CD3+/CD4+ T cells and p24+/mC+/CD68+ monocytes/macrophages were identified in their omenta and mesenteric lymphoid tissues/lymph nodes upon necropsy of the mice on day 14. In 12 hNOJmCRAL+ mice, no significantly swollen lymph nodes were seen compared to hNOJmCRAL- mice; however, in the omentum of the 2 hNOJmCRAL+ mice that were positive for pRNA and in site RNA, mC+/p24+/CD3+/CD83+ cells were identified, suggesting that viral breakthrough occurred later in the observation period. The present data suggest that the use of hNOJ mouse model and HIVmC may shed light on the study of early-phase dynamics of HIV-1 infection and cellular events in post-exposure/pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Danish
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiemi Shiotsu
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Hashiguchi
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Molecular Imaging: A Useful Tool for the Development of Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1090. [PMID: 28955332 PMCID: PMC5600950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a relatively new discipline that allows visualization, characterization, and measurement of the biological processes in living subjects, including humans, at a cellular and molecular level. The interaction between cancer cells and natural killer (NK) cells is complex and incompletely understood. Despite our limited knowledge, progress in the search for immune cell therapies against cancer could be significantly improved by dynamic and non-invasive visualization and tracking of immune cells and by visualization of the response of cancer cells to therapies in preclinical and clinical studies. Molecular imaging is an essential tool for these studies, and a multimodal molecular imaging approach can be applied to monitor immune cells in vivo, for instance, to visualize therapeutic effects. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of NK cells in cancer therapies and the preclinical and clinical usefulness of molecular imaging in NK cell-based therapies. Furthermore, we discuss different molecular imaging modalities for use with NK cell-based therapies, and their preclinical and clinical applications in animal and human subjects. Molecular imaging has contributed to the development of NK cell-based therapies against cancers in animal models and to the refinement of current cell-based cancer immunotherapies. Developing sensitive and reproducible non-invasive molecular imaging technologies for in vivo NK cell monitoring and for real-time assessment of therapeutic effects will accelerate the development of NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Zhu L, Li XJ, Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Lee HW, Oh JM, Baek SH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. Natural Killer Cell (NK-92MI)-Based Therapy for Pulmonary Metastasis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in a Nude Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:816. [PMID: 28785259 PMCID: PMC5519537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Natural killer (NK) cells represent the third largest population of lymphocytes, and they play an important role in immune surveillance against tumors. The lungs are a common metastatic site for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and metastasis is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in this type of cancer. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of NK cell-based immunotherapy for pulmonary metastasis of ATC and determined how it affects the effector molecules of NK cells. Methods Human NK cells (NK-92MI) were retrovirally transduced to express the effluc gene. Human ATC cells (CAL-62) were transduced with the effluc and Rluc genes. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against CAL-62 cells was assessed using the CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay system. Pulmonary metastases of ATC were developed by i.v. injection of CAL-62, and metastasis growth was monitored using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). To treat the metastases, five million NK-92MI cells were injected twice into the caudal vein of nude mice. To assess the targetability of NK cells to ATC tumors, NK-92MI cells expressing the effluc gene (NK/F) were administered through the tail vein of nude mice with a pulmonary metastasis or tumor xenograft. BLI was subsequently performed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 h. Results NK/F and CAL-62 cells expressing the effluc or Rluc gene (CAL-62/F, CAL-62/R) were successfully established. Expression of the effluc and Rluc genes in NK/F, CAL-62/F, and CAL-62/R cells was verified by RT-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and luciferase assay. After coculture of NK-92MI and CAL-62/F cells for 24 h, the BLI signal intensity of CAL-62/F cells proportionally decreased with the number of cocultured NK cells. An ATC pulmonary metastasis mouse model was successfully generated, and NK cells significantly inhibited the growth of the metastasis (p < 0.01). The NK/F cells exhibited targetability to the pulmonary metastasis and tumor xenograft in the mouse model. Conclusion The results of present study suggest that NK cells are able to target ATC tumors and that NK cell-based immunotherapy may serve as an effective therapeutic approach for pulmonary metastases of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Seth A, Park HS, Hong KS. Current Perspective on In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Immune Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060881. [PMID: 28587110 PMCID: PMC6152742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporaneous development of improved immune cell-based therapies, and powerful imaging tools, has prompted growth in technologies for immune cell tracking in vivo. Over the past couple of decades, imaging tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging have successfully monitored the trafficking patterns of therapeutic immune cells and assisted the evaluation of the success or failure of immunotherapy. Recent advancements in imaging technology have made imaging an indispensable module of immune cell-based therapies. In this review, emerging applications of non-radiation imaging modalities for the tracking of a range of immune cells are discussed. Applications of MRI, NIR, and other imaging tools have demonstrated the potential of non-invasively surveying the fate of both phagocytic and non-phagocytic immune cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Bioimaging Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Current Perspectives on In Vivo Noninvasive Tracking of Extracellular Vesicles with Molecular Imaging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9158319. [PMID: 28246609 PMCID: PMC5303595 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9158319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical in vivo tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a crucial tool for the development and optimization of EV-based diagnosis and treatment. EVs have gained interest due to their unique properties that make them excellent candidates for biological applications. Noninvasive in vivo EV tracking has allowed marked progress towards elucidating the mechanisms and functions of EVs in real time in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize several molecular imaging methods that deal with EVs derived from different cells, which have allowed investigations of EV biodistribution, as well as their tracking, delivery, and tumor targeting, to determine their physiological functions and to exploit imaging-derived information for EV-based theranostics.
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