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Ahmadi AR, Song G, Gao T, Ma J, Han X, Hu MW, Cameron AM, Wesson RN, Philosophe B, Ottmann S, King E, Gurakar A, Qi L, Peiffer B, Burdick J, Anders R, Zhou Z, Lu H, Feng D, Chen CS, Qian J, Gao B, Zhu H, Sun Z. Discovery and characterization of cross-reactive intrahepatic antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis. eLife 2023; 12:RP86678. [PMID: 38055614 PMCID: PMC10699809 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) remains unknown. We analyzed immunoglobulins (Ig) in explanted livers from SAH patients (n=45) undergoing liver transplantation and tissues from corresponding healthy donors (HD, n=10) and found massive deposition of IgG and IgA isotype antibodies associated with complement fragment C3d and C4d staining in ballooned hepatocytes in SAH livers. Ig extracted from SAH livers, but not patient serum exhibited hepatocyte killing efficacy. Employing human and Escherichia coli K12 proteome arrays, we profiled the antibodies extracted from explanted SAH, livers with other diseases, and HD livers. Compared with their counterparts extracted from livers with other diseases and HD, antibodies of IgG and IgA isotypes were highly accumulated in SAH and recognized a unique set of human proteins and E. coli antigens. Further, both Ig- and E. coli-captured Ig from SAH livers recognized common autoantigens enriched in several cellular components including cytosol and cytoplasm (IgG and IgA), nucleus, mitochondrion, and focal adhesion (IgG). Except IgM from primary biliary cholangitis livers, no common autoantigen was recognized by Ig- and E. coli-captured Ig from livers with other diseases. These findings demonstrate the presence of cross-reacting anti-bacterial IgG and IgA autoantibodies in SAH livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Guang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tianshun Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiaomei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ming-Wen Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Andrew M Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Russell N Wesson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Benjamin Philosophe
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shane Ottmann
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Elizabeth King
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ahmet Gurakar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Le Qi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Brandon Peiffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - James Burdick
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Robert Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research CampusKannapolisUnited States
| | - Hongkun Lu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BaltimoreUnited States
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Zhang X, Wan Z, Lin M, Li Y, Wu X, Jiang J, Lin S, Chi X. Immunoglobulin A and complement C4 are involved in the progression of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110604. [PMID: 37451022 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between immunoglobulin A (IgA), complement C4, and liver fibrosis (L.F.) progression (LFP) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of CHB patients who received liver biopsies. Relevant data, including demographics, clinical serum markers, and immunological results obtained during liver biopsies, were collected and analyzed to assess and verify the relationship between IgA, C4, and LFP. RESULTS This study included 1,938 CHB patients, of whom 132 received two liver biopsies (group 1). Thirty (22.7%) of these patients were diagnosed with LFP (increase in L.F. stage (Scheuer score F ≥ 1)). IgA (C-IgA) and C4 (C-C4) change values between the first and second biopsies were independent risk factors for LFP. IgA levels increased, and C4 levels decreased during the second liver puncture. The remaining 1,806 patients received one liver puncture (group 2). They were divided into the following subgroups: A (F ≤ 1), B (1 < F ≤ 3), and C (F > 3) to verify whether the same trend was observed by cross-sectional study. IgA levels were highest, and C4 levels were lowest in group C (IgA: C > B > A, p < 0.05; C4: C < B < A, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that serum IgA and C4 levels are independent risk factors for LFP that could serve as future targets for L.F. management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zemin Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingxian Li
- Department of Medical Education, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoju Wu
- Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junmin Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chi
- Department of Hepatology Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510120, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Pushpamithran G, Skoglund C, Olsson F, Méndez-Aranda M, Schön T, Segelmark M, Stendahl O, Gilman RH, Blomgran R. No impact of helminth coinfection in patients with smear positive tuberculosis on immunoglobulin levels using a novel method measuring Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 37386541 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Helminth/tuberculosis (TB)-coinfection can reduce cell-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and increase disease severity, although the effects are highly helminth species dependent. Mtb have long been ranked as the number one single infectious agent claiming the most lives. The only licensed vaccine for TB (BCG) offers highly variable protection against TB, and almost no protection against transmission of Mtb. In recent few years the identification of naturally occurring antibodies in humans that are protective during Mtb infection has reignited the interest in adaptive humoral immunity against TB and its possible implementation in novel TB vaccine design. The effects of helminth/TB coinfection on the humoral response against Mtb during active pulmonary TB are however still unclear, and specifically the effect by globally prevalent helminth species such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichiura. Plasma samples from smear positive TB patients were used to measure both total and Mtb-specific antibody responses in a Peruvian endemic setting where these helminths are dominating. Mtb-specific antibodies were detected by a novel approach coating ELISA-plates with a Mtb cell-membrane fraction (CDC1551) that contains a broad range of Mtb surface proteins. Compared to controls without helminths or TB, helminth/TB coinfected patients had high levels of Mtb-specific IgG (including an IgG1 and IgG2 subclass response) and IgM, which were similarly increased in TB patients without helminth infection. These data, indicate that helminth/TB coinfected have a sustained humoral response against Mtb at the level of active TB only. More studies on the species-specific impact of helminths on the adaptive humoral response against Mtb using a larger sample size, and in relation to TB disease severity, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giggil Pushpamithran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Camilla Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fanny Olsson
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melissa Méndez-Aranda
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Schön
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County of Östergötland and Kalmar, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Segelmark
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Nephrology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Stendahl
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Mayland, USA
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University Campus US, Building 420 Floor 12, 581 85, Linköping, SE, Sweden.
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Simbrunner B, Hartl L, Jachs M, Bauer DJ, Scheiner B, Hofer BS, Stättermayer AF, Marculescu R, Trauner M, Mandorfer M, Reiberger T. Dysregulated biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity predict infections and disease progression in cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100712. [PMID: 37035457 PMCID: PMC10074195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) affects both innate and adaptive immunity. This study investigated the complement system, immunoglobulins, and acute-phase proteins and their prognostic relevance in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). Methods Patients with ACLD (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥6 mmHg) but without acute decompensation/infections were characterised by HVPG and by clinical EASL stages: compensated (cACLD; S0-2) vs. decompensated ACLD (dACLD) with previous variceal bleeding (S3), non-bleeding decompensation (S4), or further decompensation (S5). Complement factors (C3c, C4, CH50), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgG1-4), acute-phase proteins and systemic inflammation biomarkers (white blood cells, C-reactive protein, IL-6, procalcitonin) were measured. Results A total of 245 patients (median model for end-stage liver disease score: 11 [9-15], median HVPG: 17 [12-21] mmHg) were included with 150 (61%) presenting dACLD. Complement levels and activity significantly decreased in dACLD substages S4 and S5 (p <0.001). Total IgA/IgM/IgG and IgG1-4 subtype levels increased in patients with dACLD (all p <0.05). Complement and immunoglobulin levels correlated negatively and positively, respectively, with systemic inflammation (all p <0.05). High IgG-1 (adjusted hazard ratio per 100 mg/dl: 1.12, 1.04-1.19, p = 0.002) and IL-6 (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.03, 1.00-1.05, p = 0.023) levels predicted the development of infections during follow-up. High IgA (stratified by median; log-rank p <0.001), high IgG1 (log-rank p = 0.043) and low C3c (log-rank p = 0.003) indicated a higher risk of first/further decompensation or liver-related death (composite endpoint). Next to HVPG and IL-6, low C3c (adjusted hazard ratio per mg/dl: 0.99, 0.97-0.99, p = 0.040) remained independently associated with the composite endpoint on multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusions Complement levels and immunoglobulins may serve as surrogates of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction and associate with cirrhosis severity and systemic inflammation. Low complement C3c predicted decompensation and liver-related death, whereas high IgG-1 indicated an increased risk for infections. Impact and Implications Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for infections, which worsen their prognosis. We found a significant dysregulation of several essential components of the immune system that was linked to disease severity and indicated a risk for infections and other complications. Simple blood tests identify patients at particularly high risk, who may be candidates for preventive measures. Clinical Trials Registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03267615).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Simbrunner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hartl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Jachs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David J.M. Bauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Scheiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Silvester Hofer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Friedrich Stättermayer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Portal Hypertension and Liver Fibrosis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43-1-40400-47440; Fax: +43-1-40400-47350
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Zhang K, Zeng M, Li YJ, Wu HF, Wu JC, Zhang ZS, Zheng JF, Lv YF. Antibody and complement levels in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension and therapeutic principles. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:13208-13215. [PMID: 36683645 PMCID: PMC9850989 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension is a common condition often resulting from hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. However, the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension remain unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the levels of Ig and complement in these patients, the relationship between these levels and Child-Pugh class and their clinical significance.
AIM To investigate the antibody (Ig) and complement levels in patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension and their clinical significance.
METHODS Clinical data of 119 patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension were statistically analyzed and compared with those of 128 control patients.
RESULTS IgA and IgG levels in patients with hypersplenism were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in IgM between the two groups (P = 0.109). C3 and C4 levels in patients with hypersplenism were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.001). As liver function decreased, IgA and IgG levels increased (P < 0.001), and C3 and C4 levels decreased (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Patients with hypersplenism associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension have significantly higher antibody (IgA and IgG) levels and significantly lower complement (C3 and C4) levels, which are both related to liver damage. Clinically, the administration of anti-hepatitis virus agents and protection of liver function should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Ye-Juan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hong-Fei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yun-Fu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
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Alturaiki W, Alkadi H, Alamri S, Awadalla ME, Alfaez A, Mubarak A, Alanazi MA, Alenzi FQ, Flanagan BF, Alosaimi B. Association between the expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines, and homeostatic chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12653. [PMID: 36589720 PMCID: PMC9788851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of the involvement of the immune system response in the severity and mortality of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection highlights the importance of cytokines and chemokines as important factors in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. However, the impact and roles of the BAFF/APRIL cytokine system, homeostatic chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21), as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/4 in COVID-19, have not been investigated. We sought to assess the expression levels and roles of TLR3/4, BAFF, APRIL, IFN-β, homeostatic chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21), SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in patients with critical (ICU) and non-ICU (mild) COVID-19 and their association with mortality and disease severity. Significant high levels of TLR-4 mRNA, IFN-β, APRIL, CXCL13, and IgM and IgG antibodies were observed in ICU patients with severe COVID-19 compared to non-ICU COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. On the other hand, BAFF and CCL21 expression were significantly upregulated in non-ICU patients with COVID-19 compared with that in critical COVID-19 patients. The two groups did not differ in TLR-3, CXCL12, and CCL19 levels. Our findings show high expression levels of some inflammatory chemokines in ICU patients with COVID-19. These findings highlight the potential utility of chemokine antagonists as an immune-based treatment for the severe form of COVID-19. We also believe that selective targeting of TLR/spike protein interactions might lead to the development of a new COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Alkadi
- Research Center, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaweya E. Awadalla
- Research Center, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alfaez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Awad Alanazi
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Q. Alenzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F. Flanagan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
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Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) Immunomodulation Is More Than Redox Improvement: Serum Proteomics and Transcriptomic Analyses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050964. [PMID: 35624828 PMCID: PMC9137598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a novel elemental form selenium and often reported to possess beneficial bioactivities such as anticancer, promoting bone growth and immunomodulation. Our previous study demonstrated that chitosan-stabilized SeNPs have strong activity in immunomodulation. However, the mechanism underlying the immunomodulation of SeNPs is still unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in SeNP-induced immunomodulation. Using zebrafish, as a common immunological animal model with a highly conserved molecular mechanism with other vertebrates, we conducted serum proteomic and tissue transcriptome analyses on individuals fed with SeNP in healthy or disease conditions. We also compared differences between SeNPs and an exogenous antioxidant Trolox in immune activity and redox regulation. Our results suggest that the immunomodulation activity was highly related to antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism. Interestingly, the biological functions enhanced by SeNP were almost identical in the healthy and disease conditions. However, while the SeNP was suppressing ROS in healthy individuals, it promoted ROS formation during disease condition. This might be related to the defense mechanism against pathogens. SOD and NFkβ appeared to be the key molecular switch changing effect of SeNPs when individuals undergo infection, indicating the close relationship between immune and redox regulation.
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8
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Aoki Y, Ikeda T, Tani N, Watanabe M, Ishikawa T. Evaluation of the Relationships between Intestinal Regional Lymph Nodes and Immune Responses in Viral Infections in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010318. [PMID: 35008744 PMCID: PMC8745466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections increase the risk of developing allergies in childhood, and disruption of mucosal homeostasis is presumed to be involved. However, no study has reported a role for viral infections in such disruption. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of immunoglobulin A (IgA) overproduction in viral infections. Autopsies were performed on 33 pediatric cases, IgA and interferon (IFN)β levels were measured, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Furthermore, we cultured human cells and measured IFNβ and IgA levels to examine the effect of viral infections on IgA production. Blood IgA levels in viral infections were higher than in bacterial infections. Moreover, IFNβ levels in most viral cases were below the detection limit. Cell culture revealed increased IgA in gastrointestinal lymph nodes, especially in Peyer’s patches, due to enhanced IFNβ after viral stimulation. Conversely, respiratory regional lymph nodes showed enhanced IgA with no marked change in IFNβ. Overproduction of IgA, identified as an aberration of the immune system and resulting from excessive viral infection-induced IFNβ was observed in the intestinal regional lymph nodes, particularly in Peyer’s patches. Further, increased IgA without elevated IFNβ in the respiratory system suggested the possibility of a different mechanism from the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Aoki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3767
| | - Tomoya Ikeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Health and Medical Science Innovation Laboratory 403, Tsukuba City 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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9
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Barton JC, Barton JC, Bertoli LF, Acton RT. Factors associated with IgG levels in adults with IgG subclass deficiency. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:53. [PMID: 34372773 PMCID: PMC8353875 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Factors associated with IgG levels in adults with IgG subclass deficiency (IgGSD) are incompletely understood. We studied adults with IgGSD with subnormal IgG1 only, subnormal IgG1/IgG3, or subnormal IgG3 only without other subnormal IgG subclasses, IgA, or IgM. We compiled: age; sex; autoimmune condition(s) (AC); atopy; IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA, IgM; IgGsum (IgG1 + IgG2 + IgG3 + IgG4); and D (percentage difference between IgGsum and IgG). We compared attributes of patients with/without subnormal IgG (< 7.00 g/L; subnormal IgG1 subclass groups only) and analyzed IgGsum and IgG relationships. We performed backward stepwise regressions on IgG using independent variables IgG subclasses, age, and sex and on D using independent variables age and sex. Results There were 39 patients with subnormal IgG1 only (89.7% women), 53 with subnormal IgG1/IgG3 (88.7% women), and 115 with subnormal IgG3 only (91.3% women). Fifteen patients (38.5%) and 32 patients (60.4%) in the respective subnormal IgG1 subclass groups had subnormal IgG. Attributes of patients with/without IgG < 7.00 g/L were similar, except that AC prevalence was lower in patients with subnormal IgG1 only and IgG < 7.00 g/L than ≥ 7.00 g/L (p = 0.0484). Mean/median IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly lower in patients with IgG < 7.00 g/L in both subnormal IgG1 subclass groups (p < 0.0001, all comparisons). Regressions on IgG in three subclass groups revealed positive associations with IgG1 and IgG2 (p < 0.0001 each association). Regressions on D revealed no significant association. IgG1 percentages of IgGsum were lower and IgG2 percentages were higher in patients with subnormal IgG1 subclass levels than subnormal IgG3 only (p < 0.0001 all comparisons). Conclusions We conclude that both IgG1 and IgG2 are major determinants of IgG in patients with subnormal IgG1, combined subnormal IgG1/IgG3, or subnormal IgG3 and that in patients with subnormal IgG1 or combined subnormal IgG1/IgG3, median IgG2 levels are significantly lower in those with IgG < 7.00 g/L than those with IgG ≥ 7.00 g/L. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00447-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Barton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Brookwood Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Luigi F Bertoli
- Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brookwood Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ronald T Acton
- Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Khanam A, Ayithan N, Tang L, Poonia B, Kottilil S. IL-21-Deficient T Follicular Helper Cells Support B Cell Responses Through IL-27 in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Front Immunol 2021; 11:599648. [PMID: 33584666 PMCID: PMC7876309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) affects over 350 million people worldwide. Current treatment does result in reduced complications; however, a cure (development of antibodies to the S antigen) is not achieved, requiring life-long therapy. Humoral responses contribute to viral elimination by secreting neutralizing antibodies; though, effective induction of humoral immunity require CD4T cell differentiation into T follicular helper (TFH) cells that support B cell response through interleukin-21 (IL-21). In CHB, mechanism of TFH-B interactions is seldom described. During CHB, TFH cells are defective in producing IL-21 in response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, regardless of low IL-21, TFH cells efficiently support B cell responses by producing interleukin-27 (IL-27), which directs the formation of plasmablasts and plasma cells from memory and naïve B cells by enhancing B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1. IL-27 not only improved total antibody production but HBsAg-specific IgG and IgM secretion that are essential for viral clearance. Importantly, IL-27+TFH cells were significantly associated with HBV DNA reduction. Therefore, these findings imply a novel mechanism of TFH mediated B cell help in CHB and suggest that IL-27 effectively compensate the function of IL-21 by supporting TFH-B cell function, required for protective antibody response and may contribute to viral clearance by providing potential target for achieving a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natarajan Ayithan
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lydia Tang
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bhawna Poonia
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Zhang Y, Lu W, Chen X, Cao Y, Yang Z. A Bioinformatic Analysis of Correlations between Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (PIGR) and Liver Fibrosis Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5541780. [PMID: 33937393 PMCID: PMC8055406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at investigating the enriched functions of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) and its correlations with liver fibrosis stage. METHODS PIGR mRNA expression in normal liver, liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatitis virus infection samples was calculated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Oncomine databases. Enrichment analysis of PIGR-related genes was conducted in Metascape and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Logistic model and ROC curve were performed to evaluate the correlations between pIgR and liver fibrosis. RESULTS PIGR mRNA was upregulated in advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis compared to normal liver (all p < 0.05). PIGR mRNA was also overexpressed in activated HSCs compared to senescent HSCs, liver stem/progenitor cells, and reverted HSCs (all p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis revealed that PIGR-related genes involved in the defense response to virus and interferon (IFN) signaling. In GEO series, PIGR mRNA was also upregulated by hepatitis virus B, C, D, and E infection (all p < 0.05). After adjusting age and gender, multivariate logistic regression models revealed that high PIGR in the liver was a risk factor for liver fibrosis (OR = 82.2, p < 0.001). The area under curve (AUC), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity of PIGR for liver fibrosis stage >2 were 0.84, 0.86, 0.7, 0.61, and 0.90. CONCLUSION PIGR was correlated with liver fibrosis and might involve in hepatitis virus infection and HSC transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- 1Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- 2Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 212300, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- 1Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- 3Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- 4Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zongguo Yang
- 1Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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12
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The role of serum specific- SARS-CoV-2 antibody in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107325. [PMID: 33401205 PMCID: PMC7759121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread, resulting in considerable casualties and serious economic loss worldwide. Disease severity and related symptoms markedly vary among individuals. A large number of patients present atypical symptoms, which represent a big challenge for early diagnosis and prompt infection source isolation. Currently, COVID-19 diagnosis predominantly depends on nucleic acid tests (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens, but this method presents a high rate of false negative results. Therefore, serum antibody measurement has been rapidly developed as a supplementary method with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy. Further, serum antibody levels might help to identify the infection stage, asymptomatic carriers, and patients with diverging severities and to monitor convalescent plasma therapy. In the current review, we aim to present comprehensive evidence to clarify the utility of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a reference for use in the clinic.
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13
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Huang Z, Chen H, Xue M, Huang H, Zheng P, Luo W, Liang X, Sun B, Zhong N. Characteristics and roles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibodies in patients with different severities of coronavirus 19. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:210-219. [PMID: 32706417 PMCID: PMC7405228 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) relies mainly upon viral nucleic acid detection, but false negatives can lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody detection is convenient, safe and highly sensitive. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG are commonly used to serologically diagnose COVID-19; however, the role of IgA is not well known. We aimed to quantify the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, identify changes in them based on COVID-19 severity, and establish the significance of combined antibody detection. COVID-19 patients, divided into a severe and critical group and a moderate group, and non-COVID-19 patients with respiratory disease were included in this study. A chemiluminescence method was used to detect the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG in the blood samples from the three groups. Epidemiological characteristics, symptoms, blood test results and other data were recorded for all patients. Compared to the traditional IgM-IgG combined antibodies, IgA-IgG combined antibodies are more effective for diagnosing COVID-19. During the disease process, IgA appeared first and disappeared last. All three antibodies had significantly higher levels in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients. IgA and IgG were also higher for severe and critical disease than for moderate disease. All antibodies were at or near low levels at the time of tracheal extubation in critical patients. Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific combined IgA-IgG antibodies is advantageous in diagnosing COVID-19. IgA detection is suitable during early and late stages of the disease. IgA and IgG levels correspond to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhu Q, Xia P, Zhou X, Li X, Guo W, Zhu B, Zheng X, Wang B, Yang D, Wang J. Hepatitis B Virus Infection Alters Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:377. [PMID: 31750262 PMCID: PMC6848375 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota composition is known to be associated with the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis in humans, outcome of HBV infection in mice, and seroconversion of HBV e-antigen in nucleot(s)ide analog-treated patients. The dynamic alteration of the gut microbiota following HBV infection is still unknown. In this study, a hydrodynamic injection mouse model mimicking acute or chronic HBV infection in humans with comparable virological and immunological features was used. The composition of gut microbiota in the control mice and mice with acute or chronic HBV infection was analyzed at different time points using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The expression of immune molecules in the colon was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the changes in gut microbiota composition, including the total operational taxonomic unit (OTU) count and Shannon-Weaver index, were significantly delayed in mice with HBV infection. Furthermore, the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was stable in the control mice, whereas remarkable dynamic patterns were observed in mice with HBV infection. Interestingly, the dynamic changes in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were found to differ in acute or chronic HBV infection. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ and PD-L1 in the colon was found to be up-regulated early in mice with acute HBV infection, whereas the expression of PD-L1 in the colon of mice with chronic HBV infection was up-regulated later. These data indicate that HBV infection could hamper the development of the gut microbiota community and dynamically change the gut Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These data improve our understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weina Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Karin M. New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma: a balancing act between immunosuppression and immunosurveillance. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2018; 1:21-28. [PMID: 30687560 PMCID: PMC6333043 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pby005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths
worldwide. HCC initiates as a consequence of chronic liver damage and inflammation caused
by hepatitis B and C virus infections, excessive alcohol consumption, or non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Until recently, no effective treatments for advanced HCC were
available and the 5-year survival rate had remained below 8% for many years. New insights
into the mechanisms that drive the development of NAFLD-related HCC indicate that loss of
T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance plays a cardinal role in tumor growth and malignant
progression, in addition to previously identified inflammation-driven compensatory
proliferation. Recently completed groundbreaking clinical studies have shown that
treatments that restore antitumor immunity represent a highly effective therapeutic option
for approximately 20% of advanced HCC patients. Understanding the causes of
inflammation-driven immunosuppression and immune system dysfunction in the 80% of patients
who fail to reignite antitumor immunity despite treatment with checkpoint inhibitors
should lead to further and even more dramatic improvements in HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Comparative proteomic analysis of human malignant ascitic fluids for the development of gastric cancer biomarkers. Clin Biochem 2018; 56:55-61. [PMID: 29654727 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant ascites is a sign of peritoneal seeding, which is one of the most frequent forms of incurable distant metastasis. Because the development of malignant ascites is associated with an extremely poor prognosis, determining whether it resulted from peritoneal seeding has critical clinical implications in diagnosis, choice of treatment, and active surveillance. At present, the molecular characterizations of malignant ascites are especially limited in case of gastric cancer. We aimed to identify malignant ascites-specific proteins that may contribute to the development of alternative methods for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring and also increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of peritoneal seeding. DESIGN & METHODS First, comprehensive proteomic strategies were employed to construct an in-depth proteome of ascitic fluids. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was subsequently performed to identify candidates that can differentiate between malignant ascitic fluilds of gastric cancer patients from benign ascitic fluids. Finally, two candidate proteins were verified by ELISA in 84 samples with gastric cancer or liver cirrhosis. RESULTS Comprehensive proteome profiling resulted in the identification of 5347 ascites proteins. Using label-free quantification, we identified 299 proteins that were differentially expressed in ascitic fluids between liver cirrhosis and stage IV gastric cancer patients. In addition, we identified 645 proteins that were significantly expressed in ascitic fluids between liver cirrhosis and gastric cancer patients with peritoneal seeding. Finally, Gastriscin and Periostin that can distinguish malignant ascites from benign ascites were verified by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and verified protein markers that can distinguish malignant ascites with or without peritoneal seeding from benign ascites. Consequently, our results could be a significant resource for gastric cancer research and biomarker discovery in the diagnosis of malignant ascites.
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17
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Ye C, Xiao G, Xu J, Qin S, Luo Y, Chen G, Lai HH, Zhou T. Differential expression of immune factor between patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and the healthy volunteers. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:395-399. [PMID: 29235061 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of CP/CPPS. In this study, we investigated the differential expression of immune factors between patients with CP/CPPS and healthy volunteers. METHODS This study was registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Healthy volunteers and patients with CP/CPPS were enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria for patients were below: (1) aged 18-45 years old; (2) prostatitis-related syndrome longer than 3 months; (3) normal routine urine culture and negative bacterial culture in prostatic fluid. Patients were further classified into two groups: types IIIA and IIIB CP/CPPS according to the results of EPS routine test. Serum immune markers include IgA, IgM, IgG, CD4+ and CD8+. RESULTS There are total 23 CP/CPPS patients, including 12 type IIIB and 11 type IIIA. Relatively, there are 26 healthy volunteers. The serum levels of IgG were higher in CP/CPPS patients compared to healthy volunteers (1141.2 ± 204.3 vs 1031.9 ± 173.7 mg/L, p = 0.045), while the serum levels of CD8+ were lower in CP/CPPS patients compared to healthy volunteers (492.8 ± 185.6 vs 640.0 ± 246.8 cells/μL, p = 0.021). Furthermore, serum levels of IgG were higher in patients with IIIA CP/CPPS compared to those with IIIB (1244.3 ± 151.6 vs 1054.3 ± 209.3 mg/L, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Differential levels of IgG and CD8+ between CPPS patients and healthy volunteers suggest a contributing role of immune mechanisms to the development of CP/CPPS; and IgG may play an important role in inflammatory CPPS. Clinical Study registration number ACTRN12613000792729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang'an Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfei Qin
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Luo
- Department of Urology, Haining People's Hospital, QianJiang West Road, Haining City, ZheJiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Mao S, Wang M, Ou X, Sun D, Cheng A, Zhu D, Chen S, Jia R, Liu M, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhao X, Chen X. Virologic and Immunologic Characteristics in Mature Ducks with Acute Duck Hepatitis A Virus 1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1574. [PMID: 29201029 PMCID: PMC5696325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) infection in mature ducks has previously been proposed as a small-animal model for human hepatitis A. However, basic research on the outcome of DHAV-1 infection in mature ducks is limited. Here, we examined the course of viremia, the characteristics of antibody responses, and the profiles of plasma cytokines in mature ducks infected with DHAV-1. During the course of infection, the viremia was detectable soon after infection and persisted for 196 days, however, the ducks presented as clinically asymptomatic. Specific and timely immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA1 responses were elicited. At the same time, extensive inhibition of viral replication was observed with increasing IgG concentration. With respect to pattern-recognition receptors, TLR-7 was mainly involved in triggering the innate defense against the DHAV-1 infection. In addition, plasma immune analytes were measured and were determined to have bidirectional roles in virus clearance. It was concluded that DHAV-1 spreads quickly in blood. The spontaneous clearance of DHAV-1 during asymptomatic infection in mature ducks depends on the cooperation of timely antibody responses and alert innate immune responses. Moreover, the delayed clearance may be associated with a weak interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cell response. This study allows us to reveal the mechanism of clearance and persistence of DHAV-1 infection in mature ducks. We anticipate that it will provide a basis for future studies focused on defining the nature mechanisms involved in the clearance and persistence of human hepatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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