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Aghayan AH, Mirazimi Y, Fateh K, Keshtkar A, Rafiee M, Atashi A. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10741-3. [PMID: 38814410 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder with no definitive cure. Preclinical studies suggest that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (EV-MSCs) can mitigate inflammatory conditions, potentially leading to increased survival and reduced organ dysfunction during sepsis. Our aim to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis is assessing the EV-MSCs therapeutic efficacy in sepsis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest databases and also Google Scholar search engine were searched for published articles. We used hazard ratio (HR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) as effect sizes to evaluate the therapeutic effect of EV-MSCs on survival rate and determine their effect on reducing organ dysfunction, respectively. Finally, we employed GRADE tool for preclinical animal studies to evaluate certainty of the evidence. RESULTS 30 studies met the inclusion criteria for our article. Our meta-analysis results demonstrate that animals treated with MSC-EVs have better survival rate than untreated animals (HR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.27-0.41). Our meta-analysis suggests that EV-MSCs can reduce organ dysfunctions in sepsis, such as the lung, kidney, and liver. Additionally, EV-MSCs decrease pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that EV-MSCs can be as promising therapy for sepsis management in animal models and leading to increased survival rate and reduced organ dysfunction. Furthermore, our study introduces a novel tool for risk of bias assessment and provides recommendations based on various analysis. Future studies with aiming to guide clinical translation can utilize the results of this article to establish stronger evidence for EV-MSC effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aghayan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yasin Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kosar Fateh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Zhu G, Jiang L, Tan K, Li Y, Hu M, Zhang S, Liu Z, Li L. MSCs-derived exosomes containing miR-486-5p attenuate cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Gene 2024; 906:148262. [PMID: 38346456 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the impact of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exo) on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, along with the underlying mechanism. METHODS An animal model of cerebral ischemia was induced using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and a cell model utilizing Neuro-2a cells was established through oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Exosomes isolated from mouse MSCs were administered to mice or used to stimulate Neuro-2a cells. Exosomes from MSCs transfected with miR-NC, miR-486-5p mimics, miR-486-5p inhibitor, or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) short hairpin RNAs (sh-PTEN) were employed to stimulate Neuro-2a cells. The regulatory axis of miR-486-5p and PTEN was confirmed through rescue experiments. RESULTS Exo-miR-486-5p mimics alleviated cerebral I/R injury, improving neurological deficits and reducing the infarct ratio. Furthermore, Exo-miR-486-5p mimics attenuated OGD/R-induced defects in cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells. These mimics also reduced levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) while enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, both in brain tissue homogenates of mice and cell supernatants. Mechanistically, PTEN was identified as a target of miR-486-5p, and the downregulation of PTEN notably elevated Exo-miR-486-inhibitor-induced reductions in cell viability while mitigating cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate the potential of exosomes derived from MSCs to protect against cerebral I/R injury via the miR-486-5p and PTEN axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genbao Zhu
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - La Jiang
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Kemeng Tan
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Yafen Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Mengxue Hu
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Zhenlin Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Lili Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China.
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Cao Z, Xue J, Wang X, Hu T, Han B, Guo Y. Mechanically strained osteocyte-derived exosomes contained miR-3110-5p and miR-3058-3p and promoted osteoblastic differentiation. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:44. [PMID: 38705993 PMCID: PMC11070085 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteocytes are critical mechanosensory cells in bone, and mechanically stimulated osteocytes produce exosomes that can induce osteogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important constituents of exosomes, and some miRNAs in osteocytes regulate osteogenic differentiation; previous studies have indicated that some differentially expressed miRNAs in mechanically strained osteocytes likely influence osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, screening and selection of miRNAs that regulate osteogenic differentiation in exosomes of mechanically stimulated osteocytes are important. RESULTS A mechanical tensile strain of 2500 με at 0.5 Hz 1 h per day for 3 days, elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of MLO-Y4 osteocytes, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Fourteen miRNAs differentially expressed only in MLO-Y4 osteocytes which were stimulated with mechanical tensile strain, were screened, and the miRNAs related to osteogenesis were identified. Four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-1930-3p, miR-3110-5p, miR-3090-3p, and miR-3058-3p) were found only in mechanically strained osteocytes, and the four miRNAs, eight targeted mRNAs which were differentially expressed only in mechanically strained osteoblasts, were also identified. In addition, the mechanically strained osteocyte-derived exosomes promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, the exosomes were internalized by osteoblasts, and the up-regulated miR-3110-5p and miR-3058-3p in mechanically strained osteocytes, were both increased in the exosomes, which was verified via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). CONCLUSIONS In osteocytes, a mechanical tensile strain of 2500 με at 0.5 Hz induced the fourteen differentially expressed miRNAs which probably were in exosomes of osteocytes and involved in osteogenesis. The mechanically strained osteocyte-derived exosomes which contained increased miR-3110-5p and miR-3058-3p (two of the 14 miRNAs), promoted osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindong Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Guilin Medical University), No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lingui District, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Chi Y, Liu T, Jin Q, Liu H. Extracellular Vesicles Carrying RUNX3 Promote Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:111-122. [PMID: 37684540 PMCID: PMC10764680 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying dental pulp cells-extracellular vesicles (DPC-EVs) carrying runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in mediating odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with the involvement of miR-30a-5p-regulated NOTCH1. METHODS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from human DPSCs, and identified using transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. PBS, EVs, or EV inhibitor GW4869 was added to DPSCs for co-culture, whilst odontogenic differentiation was assessed in terms of ratio of mineralized nodules and expression odontoblast differentiation markers. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation for binding relation among RUNX3, miR-30a-5p and NOTCH1were employed to evaluate their roles in odontogenic differentiation was determined. Animal experiment was established to confirm the effect of DPC-EVs-loaded RUNX3 on dental pulp. RESULTS In vitro finding demonstrated that EVs delivered RUNX3 to DPSCs, thereby activated miR-30a-5p expression and inhibited NOTCH1 expression, which was reversed by addition of GW4869. RUNX3 upregulation promoted miR-30a-5p while miR-30a-5p targeted and inhibited NOTCH1. Silencing of RUNX3 in EVs decreased expression of those differentiation markers, downregulated miR-30a-5p and upregulated NOTCH1. CONCLUSION DPSC-EVs can carry RUNX3 to the DPSCs, promote the transcription of miR-30a-5p, and then inhibit the expression of NOTCH1, and finally promote the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chi
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, 16-502, Dongbang Xinyuan, Fengqiao Street, Huqiu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingzhong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, 16-502, Dongbang Xinyuan, Fengqiao Street, Huqiu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Jin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital of Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, 16-502, Dongbang Xinyuan, Fengqiao Street, Huqiu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zou J, Xia H, Jiang Q, Su Z, Wen S, Liang Z, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Chen D, Yang L, Guo L. Exosomes derived from odontogenic stem cells: Its role in the dentin-pulp complex. Regen Ther 2023; 24:135-146. [PMID: 37415682 PMCID: PMC10320411 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic stem cells originate from cranial neural crest cells and offer unique advantages in the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex. There is increasing evidence that stem cells exert their biological functions mainly through exosome-based paracrine effects. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, etc., which can play a role in intercellular communication and have similar therapeutic potential to stem cells. In addition, compared with stem cells, exosomes also have the advantages of good biocompatibility, high drug carrying capacity, easy to obtain, and few side effects. Odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes mainly affect the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex by regulating processes such as dentintogenesis, angiogenesis, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. This review aimed to describe "cell-free therapies" based on odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes, which aim to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Zou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xia
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikang Su
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyi Wen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zitian Liang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanting Ouyang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaohong Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lvhua Guo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ren YZ, Ding SS, Jiang YP, Wen H, Li T. Application of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in bone regeneration: Opportunities and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:473-489. [PMID: 36157529 PMCID: PMC9350624 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in the fields of regenerative medicine, cell-free therapy has received increased attention. Exosomes have a variety of endogenous properties that provide stability for molecular transport across biological barriers to cells, as a form of cell-to-cell communication that regulates function and phenotype. In addition, exosomes are an important component of paracrine signaling in stem-cell-based therapy and can be used as a stand-alone therapy or as a drug delivery system. The remarkable potential of exosomes has paved the pathway for cell-free treatment in bone regeneration. Exosomes are enriched in distinct noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs. Different ncRNAs have multiple functions. Altered expression of ncRNA in exosomes is associated with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases, such as femoral head osteonecrosis, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Although there is increasing evidence that exosome-derived ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) have the potential for bone regeneration, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we review the biogenesis of exo-ncRNA and the effects of ncRNAs on angiogenesis and osteoblast- and osteoclast-related pathways in different diseases. However, there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in the clinical application of ncRNA; for instance, production, storage, targeted delivery and therapeutic potency assessment. Advancements in exo-ncRNA methods and design will promote the development of therapeutics, revolutionizing the present landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhong Ren
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Velarde F, Ezquerra S, Delbruyere X, Caicedo A, Hidalgo Y, Khoury M. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria: mechanisms and functional impact. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:177. [PMID: 35247083 PMCID: PMC11073024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a steadily growing interest in the use of mitochondria as therapeutic agents. The use of mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes represents an innovative approach to treat many diseases (immune deregulation, inflammation-related disorders, wound healing, ischemic events, and aging) with an increasing amount of promising evidence, ranging from preclinical to clinical research. Furthermore, the eventual reversal, induced by the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile, opens new avenues to the understanding of diseases' etiology, their relation to both systemic and local risk factors, and also leads to new therapeutic tools for the control of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. To this end, we illustrate in this review, the triggers and mechanisms behind the transfer of mitochondria employed by MSCs and the underlying benefits as well as the possible adverse effects of MSCs mitochondrial exchange. We relay the rationale and opportunities for the use of these organelles in the clinic as cell-based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Velarde
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Ezquerra
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Delbruyere
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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Gardin C, Ferroni L, Erdoğan YK, Zanotti F, De Francesco F, Trentini M, Brunello G, Ercan B, Zavan B. Nanostructured Modifications of Titanium Surfaces Improve Vascular Regenerative Properties of Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Preliminary In Vitro Results. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123452. [PMID: 34947800 PMCID: PMC8707709 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Implantation of metal-based scaffolds is a common procedure for treating several diseases. However, the success of the long-term application is limited by an insufficient endothelialization of the material surface. Nanostructured modifications of metal scaffolds represent a promising approach to faster biomaterial osteointegration through increasing of endothelial commitment of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). (2) Methods: Three different nanotubular Ti surfaces (TNs manufactured by electrochemical anodization with diameters of 25, 80, or 140 nm) were seeded with human MSCs (hMSCs) and their exosomes were isolated and tested with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to assess whether TNs can influence the secretory functions of hMSCs and whether these in turn affect endothelial and osteogenic cell activities in vitro. (3) Results: The hMSCs adhered on all TNs and significantly expressed angiogenic-related factors after 7 days of culture when compared to untreated Ti substrates. Nanomodifications of Ti surfaces significantly improved the release of hMSCs exosomes, having dimensions below 100 nm and expressing CD63 and CD81 surface markers. These hMSC-derived exosomes were efficiently internalized by HUVECs, promoting their migration and differentiation. In addition, they selectively released a panel of miRNAs directly or indirectly related to angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: Preconditioning of hMSCs on TNs induced elevated exosomes secretion that stimulated in vitro endothelial and cell activity, which might improve in vivo angiogenesis, supporting faster scaffold integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy; (C.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Yaşar Kemal Erdoğan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Y.K.E.); (B.E.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Isparta University of Applied Science, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Hand Surgery Unit, Azienda ‘Ospedali Riuniti’, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Martina Trentini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic Düsseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Batur Ercan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Y.K.E.); (B.E.)
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- BIOMATEN, METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532455502
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Mai Z, Chen H, Ye Y, Hu Z, Sun W, Cui L, Zhao X. Translational and Clinical Applications of Dental Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Front Genet 2021; 12:750990. [PMID: 34764982 PMCID: PMC8576041 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.750990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells in tissue repair and regeneration due to their featured properties of self-renewal and multipotency. However, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that MSCs exert biological functions mainly through secreting exosomes. Exosomes, which contain RNA, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, are new players in regulating many fundamental processes and play important roles in regenerative medicine. Exosomes not only mimic the effects of their parent cells but also possess many advantages such as high drug loading capacity, low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and low side effects. Currently, a total of 6 different dental stem cells (DSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSC-derived exosomes (DSC-Exos) are actively involved in intercellular communication, anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, nurturing neurons, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. In this review, we will critically review the emerging role and clinical application potential of DSC-Exos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyu Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Jinling Stomatology Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Pant T, Juric M, Bosnjak ZJ, Dhanasekaran A. Recent Insight on the Non-coding RNAs in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Regulatory and Therapeutic Role in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737512. [PMID: 34660740 PMCID: PMC8517144 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering over the past few decades have paved the path for cell-free therapy. Numerous stem cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been reported to impart therapeutic effects via paracrine secretion of exosomes. The underlying factors and the associated mechanisms contributing to these MSC-derived exosomes' protective effects are, however, poorly understood, limiting their application in the clinic. The exosomes exhibit a diversified repertoire of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and have the potential to transfer these biologically active transcripts to the recipient cells, where they are found to modulate a diverse array of functions. Altered expression of the ncRNAs in the exosomes has been linked with the regenerative potential and development of various diseases, including cardiac, neurological, skeletal, and cancer. Also, modulating the expression of ncRNAs in these exosomes has been found to improve their therapeutic impact. Moreover, many of these ncRNAs are expressed explicitly in the MSC-derived exosomes, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering research. In this review, we detail the recent advances in regenerative medicine and summarize the evidence supporting the altered expression of the ncRNA repertoire specific to MSCs under different degenerative diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic role of these ncRNA for the prevention of these various degenerative diseases and their future in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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11
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Sarhadi VK, Daddali R, Seppänen-Kaijansinkko R. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11035. [PMID: 34681692 PMCID: PMC8537935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor that mainly affects children and adolescents. OS has a strong tendency to relapse and metastasize, resulting in poor prognosis and survival. The high heterogeneity and genetic complexity of OS make it challenging to identify new therapeutic targets. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts. OS is thought to originate at some stage in the differentiation process of MSC to pre-osteoblast or from osteoblast precursors. MSCs contribute to OS progression by interacting with tumor cells via paracrine signaling and affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, immune response, and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by OS cells and MSCs in the tumor microenvironment, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication, driving OS progression by transferring miRNAs/RNA and proteins to other cells. MSC-derived EVs have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on OS progression. MSC-EVs can be also engineered to deliver anti-tumor cargo to the tumor site, which offers potential applications in MSC-EV-based OS treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of MSCs in OS, with a focus on EV-mediated communication between OS cells and MSCs and their role in OS pathogenesis and therapy.
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12
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Luo L, Yan C, Fuchi N, Kodama Y, Zhang X, Shinji G, Miura K, Sasaki H, Li TS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as probable triggers of radiation-induced heart disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 34294160 PMCID: PMC8296737 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced heart disease has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also residing in the heart, are highly susceptible to radiation. We examined the hypothesis that the altered secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs is the trigger of radiation-induced heart disease. METHODS By exposing human placental tissue-derived MSCs to 5 Gy γ-rays, we then isolated EVs from the culture medium 48 h later and evaluated the changes in quantity and quality of EVs from MSCs after radiation exposure. The biological effects of EVs from irradiated MSCs on HUVECs and H9c2 cells were also examined. RESULTS Although the amount and size distribution of EVs did not differ between the nonirradiated and irradiated MSCs, miRNA sequences indicated many upregulated or downregulated miRNAs in irradiated MSCs EVs. In vitro experiments using HUVEC and H9c2 cells showed that irradiated MSC-EVs decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.01), but increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, irradiated MSC-EVs impaired the HUVEC tube formation and induced calcium overload in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS EVs released from irradiated MSCs show altered miRNA profiles and harmful effects on heart cells, which provides new insight into the mechanism of radiation-related heart disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Tongshan Road 209, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoki Fuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kodama
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Goto Shinji
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
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13
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Suprunenko EA, Sazonova EA, Vasiliev AV. Extracellular Vesicles of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Luque-Campos N, Bustamante-Barrientos FA, Pradenas C, García C, Araya MJ, Bohaud C, Contreras-López R, Elizondo-Vega R, Djouad F, Luz-Crawford P, Vega-Letter AM. The Macrophage Response Is Driven by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624746. [PMID: 34149687 PMCID: PMC8213396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stromal cells widely studied for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. They are capable of modulating macrophage plasticity depending on various microenvironmental signals. Current studies have shown that metabolic changes can also affect macrophage fate and function. Indeed, changes in the environment prompt phenotype change. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss how MSCs orchestrate macrophage’s metabolic plasticity and the impact on their function. An improved understanding of the crosstalk between macrophages and MSCs will improve our knowledge of MSC’s therapeutic potential in the context of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and tissue repair processes in which macrophages are pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noymar Luque-Campos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Bustamante-Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pradenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Araya
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Regenero, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Hassanzadeh A, Rahman HS, Markov A, Endjun JJ, Zekiy AO, Chartrand MS, Beheshtkhoo N, Kouhbanani MAJ, Marofi F, Nikoo M, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine and cancer; overview of development, challenges, and opportunities. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:297. [PMID: 34020704 PMCID: PMC8138094 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their widespread biomedical applications have attracted great consideration from the scientific community around the world. However, reports have shown that the main populations of the transplanted MSCs are trapped in the liver, spleen, and lung upon administration, highlighting the importance of the development of cell-free therapies. Concerning rising evidence suggesting that the beneficial effects of MSC therapy are closely linked to MSC-released components, predominantly MSC-derived exosomes, the development of an MSC-based cell-free approach is of paramount importance. The exosomes are nano-sized (30100nm) lipid bilayer membrane vesicles, which are typically released by MSCs and are found in different body fluids. They include various bioactive molecules, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs, proteins, and bioactive lipids, thus showing pronounced therapeutic competence for tissues recovery through the maintenance of their endogenous stem cells, the enhancement of regenerative phenotypic traits, inhibition of apoptosis concomitant with immune modulation, and stimulation of the angiogenesis. Conversely, the specific roles of MSC exosomes in the treatment of various tumors remain challenging. The development and clinical application of novel MSC-based cell-free strategies can be supported by better understanding their mechanisms, classifying the subpopulation of exosomes, enhancing the conditions of cell culture and isolation, and increasing the production of exosomes along with engineering exosomes to deliver drugs and therapeutic molecules to the target sites. In the current review, we deliver a brief overview of MSC-derived exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods and discuss recent investigation regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC exosomes in regenerative medicine accompanied by their double-edged sword role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | | | - Judi Januadi Endjun
- Medical Faculty, UPN Veteran, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Gatot Soebroto Indonesia Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Nanduri LSY, Duddempudi PK, Yang WL, Tamarat R, Guha C. Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Radiation Injuries. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662437. [PMID: 34084138 PMCID: PMC8167064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue injury from accidental or therapeutic exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe acute and delayed toxicities, which result in mortality and chronic morbidity. Exposure to single high-dose radiation leads to a multi-organ failure, known as acute radiation syndrome, which is caused by radiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage to tissue stem cells. The radiation exposure results in acute cell loss, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and early damage to bone marrow and intestine with high mortality from sepsis. There is an urgent need for developing medical countermeasures against radiation injury for normal tissue toxicity. In this review, we discuss the potential of applying secretory extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages for promoting repair and regeneration of organs after radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Sarad Yamini Nanduri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Phaneendra K Duddempudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Institute for Onco-Physics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Parada N, Romero-Trujillo A, Georges N, Alcayaga-Miranda F. Camouflage strategies for therapeutic exosomes evasion from phagocytosis. J Adv Res 2021; 31:61-74. [PMID: 34194832 PMCID: PMC8240105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though exosome-based therapy has been shown to be able to control the progression of different pathologies, the data revealed by pharmacokinetic studies warn of the low residence time of exogenous exosomes in circulation that can hinder the clinical translation of therapeutic exosomes. The macrophages related to the organs of the mononuclear phagocytic system are responsible primarily for the rapid clearance and retention of exosomes, which strongly limits the amount of exosomal particles available to reach the target tissue, accumulate in it and release with high efficiency its therapeutic cargo in acceptor target cells to exert the desired biological effect. Aim of review Endowing exosomes with surface modifications to evade the immune system is a plausible strategy to contribute to the suppression of exosomal clearance and increase the efficiency of their targeted content delivery. Here, we summarize the current evidence about the mechanisms underlying the recognition and sequestration of therapeutic exosomes by phagocytic cells. Also, we propose different strategies to generate 'invisible' exosomes for the immune system, through the incorporation of different anti-phagocytic molecules on the exosomes’ surface that allow increasing the circulating half-life of therapeutic exosomes with the purpose to increase their bioavailability to reach the target tissue, transfer their therapeutic molecular cargo and improve their efficacy profile. Key scientific concepts of review Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis are the main responsible behind the short half-life in circulation of systemically injected exosomes, hindering their therapeutic effect. Exosomes ‘Camouflage Cloak’ strategy using antiphagocytic molecules can contribute to the inhibition of exosomal clearance, hence, increasing the on-target effect. Some candidate molecules that could exert an antiphagocytic role are CD47, CD24, CD44, CD31, β2M, PD-L1, App1, and DHMEQ. Pre- and post-isolation methods for exosome engineering are compatible with the loading of therapeutic cargo and the expression of antiphagocytic surface molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Parada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Romero-Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Georges
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Elangovan S, Gajendrareddy P, Ravindran S, Salem AK. Emerging local delivery strategies to enhance bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:062001. [PMID: 32647095 PMCID: PMC10148649 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aba446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In orthopedics and dentistry there is an increasing need for novel biomaterials and clinical strategies to achieve predictable bone regeneration. These novel molecular strategies have the potential to eliminate the limitations of currently available approaches. Specifically, they have the potential to reduce or eliminate the need to harvest autogenous bone, and the overall complexity of the clinical procedures. In this review, emerging tissue engineering strategies that have been, or are currently being, developed based on the current understanding of bone biology, development and wound healing will be discussed. In particular, protein/peptide based approaches, DNA/RNA therapeutics, cell therapy, and the use of exosomes will be briefly covered. The review ends with a summary of the current status of these approaches, their clinical translational potentials and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Elangovan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
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19
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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Exosomes in Regenerative Endodontics. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104946. [PMID: 33129129 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the basic characteristics of exosomes, and summarize their possible source and potential biological effects in pulp regeneration, providing new insights into the therapeutic role of exosomes for regenerative endodontics in the future. DESIGN A comprehensive review of scientific literature related to exosomes potentially used for pulp regeneration was conducted. RESULTS Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in dental pulp regeneration. MSC-derived exosomes, as important biotransmitters in intercellular communication, have been shown to replicate the therapeutic effects of their parental cells. These exosomes have better stability, lower immunogenicity, higher safety and clinical efficiency, making it possible to apply them in pulp regeneration. Existing research suggests that exosomes could trigger the regeneration of dentin/pulp-like tissue in vivo, which may attribute to their role in promoting pulp angiogenesis, regulating dental cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and providing neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS The applications of exosomes in the treatment of pulp regeneration have great potential, and exosomes may become ideal therapeutic biomaterial in regenerative endodontics.
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20
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Koh K, Park M, Bae ES, Duong VA, Park JM, Lee H, Lew H. UBA2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of R28 retinal precursor cells from hypoxia by extracellular vesicles derived from placental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:428. [PMID: 33008487 PMCID: PMC7532108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method After 9 h of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into the non-treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2 + R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Pcna, Hif-1α, Vegf, Vimentin, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification, and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result We observed that exosome could significantly recover proliferation damaged by CoCl2 treatment. In addition, the treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P < 0.05) and increased expression of proliferation marker, Pcna, and nerve regeneration-related factors such as Vimentin, Thy-1, and Neuroflament (P < 0.05) compared with the non-treatment group. In total, 200 DEPs were identified in the non-treatment group and treatment group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). Catenin and ubiquitin systems (UBA2, UBE2E3, UBE2I) were found in both the DEP lists of downregulated proteins from the non-treatment group and upregulated proteins from the treatment group. The mRNA expressions of ubiquitin systems were significantly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, UBA2 and Wnt/β-catenin protein were associated with the rescue of the hypoxic damaged R28 cells. Using a siRNA system, we could find it out that hPMSC exosomes could not repair altered expressions of target proteins by CoCl2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells was significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-An Duong
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Osipova OS, Saaia SB, Karpenko AA, Zakiian SM. [Problems and prospects of cell therapy for critical ischaemia of lower limbs]. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 26:23-33. [PMID: 32597882 DOI: 10.33529/angio2020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy was proposed as a procedure of indirect revascularization for patients with critical ischaemia of lower extremities for whom endovascular and surgical revascularization is impossible. We present herein a review of the state of the art of studies in the field of cell therapy of this cohort of patients. BASIC PROVISIONS Cell therapy has proved safe, however, the results of studies of efficacy are relatively ambiguous and unconvincing. The number of patients in separately taken clinical trials is minimal. The reviewed studies differed not only by heterogeneity of the cell types used but by the routes of administration of cells (cells were delivered either intramuscularly (predominantly) or intraarterially) and the duration of follow up (time of assessment and duration of follow up varied from 1 month to 2 years). One of the problems became the lack of the routine study of the angiogenic potential of stem cells prior to their clinical application. It is known that the angiogenic activity of multipotent cells of apparently healthy patients may differ from that of patients suffering from atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, diabetes. CONCLUSIONS It is supposed that treatment with stem cells or precursor cells is more efficient as compared to protein or gene therapy not only owing to direct vasculogenic properties but a paracrine action through excretion of proangiogenic biologically active substances. More studies with larger cohorts are necessary to provide stronger safety and efficacy data on cell therapy. Besides, a promising trend in the field of cellular approaches is modulation of regenerative capability of stem cells, which may help overcome difficulties in understanding the place of cell therapy in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Osipova
- Department of Vascular Pathology and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Centre named after Academician Meshalkin E.N. under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sh B Saaia
- Department of Vascular Pathology and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Centre named after Academician Meshalkin E.N. under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Karpenko
- Department of Vascular Pathology and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Centre named after Academician Meshalkin E.N. under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S M Zakiian
- Department of Vascular Pathology and Hybrid Surgery, National Medical Research Centre named after Academician Meshalkin E.N. under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Cavallari C, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumour Microenvironment: Eclectic Supervisors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6768. [PMID: 32942702 PMCID: PMC7555174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell survival and growth by providing inhibitory or stimulatory signals. Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent one of the most relevant cell-to-cell communication mechanism among cells within the TME. Moreover, EV contribute to the crosstalk among cancerous, immune, endothelial, and stromal cells to establish TME diversity. EV contain proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, which can be locally delivered in the TME and/or transferred to remote sites to dictate tumour behaviour. EV in the TME impact on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune-escape, pre-metastatic niche formation and the stimulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, EV can boost or inhibit tumours depending on the TME conditions and their cell of origin. Therefore, to move towards the identification of new targets and the development of a novel generation of EV-based targeting approaches to gain insight into EV mechanism of action in the TME would be of particular relevance. The aim here is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EV released from different TME cellular components and their role in driving TME diversity. Moreover, recent proposed engineering approaches to targeting cells in the TME via EV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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23
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Neuber S, Garcia Duran A, Xu Z, Beltsios E, Seifert M, Falk V, Stamm C. Human mesenchymal stromal cells and derived extracellular vesicles: Translational strategies to increase their proangiogenic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1558-1569. [PMID: 32761804 PMCID: PMC7695640 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer great potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Studies have revealed that the efficacy of MSCs is mainly attributed to their capacity to secrete numerous trophic factors that promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and modulate the immune response. There is growing evidence that MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a cargo of lipids, proteins, metabolites, and RNAs play a key role in this paracrine mechanism. In particular, encapsulated microRNAs have been identified as important positive regulators of angiogenesis in pathological settings of insufficient blood supply to the heart, thus opening a new path for the treatment of CVD. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge related to the proangiogenic potential of MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs as well as methods to enhance their biological activities for improved cardiac tissue repair. Increasing our understanding of mechanisms supporting angiogenesis will help optimize future approaches to CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia Duran
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Beltsios
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Huang CC, Kang M, Lu Y, Shirazi S, Diaz JI, Cooper LF, Gajendrareddy P, Ravindran S. Functionally engineered extracellular vesicles improve bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:182-194. [PMID: 32305445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lineage specific differentiation of host mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a necessary step for bone repair/regeneration. Clinically, growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) are used to enhance/hasten this process to heal critical sized defects. However, the clinical application of such growth factors is fraught with dosage challenges as well as immunological and ectopic complications. The identification of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as active components of the MSC secretome suggest alternative approaches to enhancing bone regeneration. Based on our earlier studies on the properties of EVs from lineage specified MSCs, this study sought to engineer EVs to enhance osteogenic differentiation. To generate MSC EVs with enhanced osteoinductive abilities, genetically modified human bone marrow derived MSCs (HMSCs) were generated by constitutively expressing BMP2. We hypothesized that these cells would generate functionally engineered EVs (FEEs) with enhanced osteoinductive properties. Our results show that these FEEs maintained the general physical and biochemical characteristics of naïve HMSC EVs in the form of size distribution, EV marker expression and endocytic properties but show increased bone regenerative potential compared to MSC EVs in a rat calvarial defect model in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that although BMP2 was constitutively expressed in the parental cells, the corresponding EVs (FEEs) do not contain BMP2 protein as an EV constituent. Further investigations revealed that the FEEs potentiate the BMP2 signaling cascade possibly due to an altered miRNA composition. Collectively, these studies indicate that EVs' functionality may be engineered by genetic modification of the parental MSCs to induce osteoinduction and bone regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: With mounting evidence for the potential of MSC EVs in treatment of diseases and regeneration of tissues, it is imperative to evaluate if they can be modified for application specificity. The results presented here indicate the possibility for generating Functionally Engineered EVs (FEEs) from MSC sources. As a proof of concept approach, we have shown that EVs derived from genetically modified MSCs (BMP2 overexpression) can be effective as biomimetic substitutes for growth factors for enhanced tissue-specific regeneration (bone regeneration) in vivo. Mechanistic studies highlight the role of EV miRNAs in inducing pathway-specific changes. We believe that this study will be useful to researchers evaluating EVs for regenerative medicine applications.
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25
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Cheng Y, Cao X, Qin L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32373121 PMCID: PMC7186296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a serious and life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. Due to the unique immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, and reparative properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in preclinical and clinical trials for diverse diseases and have shown great therapeutic potential in sepsis. However, concerns remain regarding whether MSCs can become tumorigenic or have other side effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed particles released from almost any cell and perform an important role in intercellular communication. Recently, it has emerged that EVs derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) appear to exert a therapeutic benefit similar to MSCs in protecting against sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by delivering a cargo that includes RNAs and proteins to target cells. More importantly, compared to their parent cells, MSC-EVs have a superior safety profile, can be safely stored without losing function, and possess other advantages. Hence, MSC-EVs may be used as a novel alternative to MSC-based therapy in sepsis. Here, we summarize the properties and applications of MSC-EVs in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Huang CC, Kang M, Narayanan R, DiPietro LA, Cooper LF, Gajendrareddy P, Ravindran S. Evaluating the Endocytosis and Lineage-Specification Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Therapeutic Applications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:163. [PMID: 32194405 PMCID: PMC7063066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Several aspects of MSC function have been attributed to the paracrine effects of MSC derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Although MSC EVs show great promise for regenerative medicine applications, insights into their uptake mechanisms by different target cells and the ability to control MSC EV properties for defined function in vivo have remained elusive knowledge gaps. The primary goal of this study is to elucidate how the basic properties of MSC derived EVs can be exploited for function-specific activity in regenerative medicine. Our first important observation is that, MSC EVs possess a common mechanism of endocytosis across multiple cell types. Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Miya Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Raghuvaran Narayanan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Praveen Gajendrareddy
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Cooper LF, Ravindran S, Huang CC, Kang M. A Role for Exosomes in Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1569. [PMID: 32009978 PMCID: PMC6971208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine utilize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome in efforts to create or induce functional tissue replacement. Exosomes are specific extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs and other cells that carry informative cargo from the MSC to targeted cells that influence fundamental cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and lineage-specific differentiation. In this report, we review the current knowledge regarding MSC exosome biogenesis, cargo and function. This review summarizes the use of MSC exosomes to control or induce bone, cartilage, dentin, mucosa, and pulp tissue formation. The next-step engineering of exosomes provides additional avenues to enhance oral and craniofacial tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon F. Cooper
- College of Dentistry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Schuh CMAP, Benso B, Aguayo S. Potential Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Dental Pulp-Derived Pain: Pharmacological Approaches and Beyond. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1068. [PMID: 31620000 PMCID: PMC6759635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of pain is an everyday occurrence in dentistry, and its effective control is essential to ensure the wellbeing of patients. Most tooth-associated pain originates from the dental pulp, a highly vascularized and innervated tissue, which is encased within mineralized dentin. It plays a crucial role in the sensing of stimuli from the local environment, such as infections (i.e. dental caries) and traumatic injury, leading to a local inflammatory response and subsequently to an increase in intra-pulp pressure, activating nerve endings. However, thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli also have the ability to generate dental pulp pain, which presents mechanisms highly specific to this tissue and which have to be considered in pain management. Traditionally, the management of dental pulp pain has mostly been pharmacological, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, or restorative (i.e. removal of dental caries), or a combination of both. Both research areas continuously present novel and creative approaches. This includes the modulation of thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP) by newly designed drugs in pharmacological research, as well as the use of novel biomaterials, stem cells, exosomes and physical stimulation to obtain pulp regeneration in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present an up-to-date account of causes underlying dental pain, novel treatments involving the control of pain and inflammation and the induction of pulp regeneration, as well as insights in pain in dentistry from the physiological, pharmacological, regenerative and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. A. P. Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Lim R. Concise Review: Fetal Membranes in Regenerative Medicine: New Tricks from an Old Dog? Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 6:1767-1776. [PMID: 28834402 PMCID: PMC5689753 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of the fetal membranes dates back to nearly a century. Their use has ranged from superficial skin dressings to surgical wound closure. The applications of the fetal membranes are constantly evolving, and key to this is the uncovering of multiple populations of stem and stem-like cells, each with unique properties that can be exploited for regenerative medicine. In addition to pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties of the stem and stem-like cells arising from the fetal membranes, the dehydrated and/or decellularized forms of the fetal membranes have been used to support the growth and function of other cells and tissues, including adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. This concise review explores the biological origin of the fetal membranes, a history of their use in medicine, and recent developments in the use of fetal membranes and their derived stem and stem-like cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1767-1776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Hu X, Zhong Y, Kong Y, Chen Y, Feng J, Zheng J. Lineage-specific exosomes promote the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) through TGFβ1/smads signaling pathway via transfer of microRNAs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 31196201 PMCID: PMC6567518 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be used as biomimetic tools to induce odontogenic differentiation of stem cells, but the regulatory mechanisms and functions of exosome-encapsulated microRNAs are still unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the role of microRNAs contained in the exosomes derived from human DPSCs and their potential signaling cascade in odontogenic differentiation. Methods Exosomes were isolated from human DPSCs cultured undergrowth and odontogenic differentiation conditions, named UN-Exo and OD-Exo, respectively. The microRNA sequencing was performed to explore the microRNA profile contained in UN-Exo and OD-Exo. Pathway analysis was taken to detect enriched pathways associated with the predicted target genes of microRNAs. The regulatory roles of a highly expressed microRNA in OD-Exo were investigated through its inhibition or overexpression (miRNA inhibitors and miRNA mimics). Automated western blot was used to identify the function of exosomal microRNA and the roles of TGFβ1/smads pathway in odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the direct target gene of exosomal miR-27a-5p. Results Endocytosis of OD-Exo triggered odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by upregulating DSP, DMP-1, ALP, and RUNX2 proteins. MicroRNA sequencing showed that 28 microRNAs significantly changed in OD-Exo, of which 7 increased and 21 decreased. Pathway analysis showed genes targeted by differentially expressed microRNAs were involved in multiple signal transductions, including TGFβ pathway. 16 genes targeted by 15 differentially expressed microRNAs were involved in TGFβ signaling. Consistently, automated western blot found that OD-Exo activated TGFβ1 pathway by upregulating TGFβ1, TGFR1, p-Smad2/3, and Smad4 in DPSCs. Accordingly, once the TGFβ1 signaling pathway was inhibited by SB525334, protein levels of p-Smad2/3, DSP, and DMP-1 were significantly decreased in DPSCs treated with OD-Exo. MiR-27a-5p was expressed 11 times higher in OD-Exo, while miR-27a-5p promoted odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and significantly upregulated TGFβ1, TGFR1, p-Smad2/3, and Smad4 by downregulating the inhibitory molecule LTBP1. Conclusions The microRNA expression profiles of exosomes derived from DPSCs were identified. OD-Exo isolated under odontogenic conditions were better inducers of DPSC differentiation. Exosomal microRNAs promoted odontogenic differentiation via TGFβ1/smads signaling pathway by downregulating LTBP1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1278-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yingqun Zhong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junming Feng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianmao Zheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Terenzi DC, Trac JZ, Teoh H, Gerstein HC, Bhatt DL, Al-Omran M, Verma S, Hess DA. Vascular Regenerative Cell Exhaustion in Diabetes: Translational Opportunities to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Risk. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:640-655. [PMID: 31053416 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular complications remain a major cause of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Individuals with T2D may have a reduced ability to revascularize ischemic tissues due to abnormal production of circulating provascular progenitor cells. This 'regenerative cell exhaustion' process is intensified by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation and during T2D progression. Chronic exhaustion may be mediated by changes in the bone marrow microenvironment that dysregulate the wingless related integration site network, a central pathway maintaining the progenitor cell pool. Restoration of vascular regenerative cell production by reducing glucotoxicity with contemporary antihyperglycemic agents, by reducing systemic inflammation postbariatric surgery, or by modulating progenitor cell provascular functions using exosomal manipulation, may provide unique approaches for mitigating ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C Terenzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Justin Z Trac
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital Medical Centre, Toronto, ON, M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1T8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5 B 1W8, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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32
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Sung DK, Chang YS, Sung SI, Ahn SY, Park WS. Thrombin Preconditioning of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing by Boosting Their Biogenesis and Enriching Cargo Content. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040533. [PMID: 31003433 PMCID: PMC6517934 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the optimal preconditioning regimen for the wound healing therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). To this end, we compared various preconditioning regimens for both the quantitative and qualitative production of MSC-derived EVs, and their therapeutic efficacy for proangiogenic activity in vitro and cutaneous wound healing in vivo. After preconditioning with thrombin (40 U), H2O2 (50 μM), lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL), or hypoxia (10% O2), EV secretion was assessed quantitatively by measuring production per cell and protein quantification, and qualitatively by measuring a proteome profiler and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) contained within EVs. The therapeutic efficacy of EVs was assessed in vitro by proliferation, migration and tube formation assays of human umbilical cord blood endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in vivo by quantification of cutaneous wound healing. Thrombin preconditioning optimally boosted EV production and enriched various growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenin contained within EVs compared to other preconditioning regimens. Thrombin preconditioning optimally enhanced proliferation, the migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro via pERK1/2 and pAKT signaling pathways, and cutaneous wound healing in vivo compared to other preconditioning regimens. Thrombin preconditioning exhibited optimal therapeutic efficacy compared with other preconditioning regimens in promoting proangiogenic activity in vitro and in enhancing cutaneous wound healing in vivo. These preconditioning regimen-dependent variations in therapeutic efficacy might be mediated by boosting EV production and enriching their cargo content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.
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33
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Sheveleva ON, Domaratskaya EI, Payushina OV. Extracellular Vesicles and Prospects of Their Use for Tissue Regeneration. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747818040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Osipova O, Saaya S, Karpenko A, Zakian S, Aboian E. Cell therapy of critical limb ischemia-problems and prospects. VASA 2019; 48:461-471. [PMID: 30969159 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is proposed for indirect revascularization for the patient's incurable by endovascular or surgical revascularization. The therapy with stem cells (SCs) or progenitor cells is assumed to be more efficient as compared with protein or gene therapy not only because of their direct vasculogenic properties, but also thanks to their paracrine effect via secretion of manifold biologically active substances. This review gives an overview of the potential of SC-based therapy for critical limb ischemia (CLI), putative mechanism underlying cell therapy, and comparison of cell therapy to angiogenesis gene therapy in CLI treatment. Human trial data and meta-analysis, as well as some problems of clinical trials and considerations for future SC-based therapy in CLI are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Osipova
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Shoraan Saaya
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrei Karpenko
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren Zakian
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Edouard Aboian
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Burlingame, USA
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35
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Mathew B, Ravindran S, Liu X, Torres L, Chennakesavalu M, Huang CC, Feng L, Zelka R, Lopez J, Sharma M, Roth S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and retinal ischemia-reperfusion. Biomaterials 2019; 197:146-160. [PMID: 30654160 PMCID: PMC6425741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of vision loss and impairment and a common underlying mechanism associated with diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal artery occlusion. The regenerative capacity of the diseased human retina is limited. Our previous studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of intravitreal injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-conditioned medium in retinal ischemia in rats. Based upon the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effects of MSCs and conditioned medium are largely mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), MSC derived EVs were tested in an in-vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model of retinal ischemia. Treatment of R28 retinal cells with MSC-derived EVs significantly reduced cell death and attenuated loss of cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies on the mode of EV endocytosis by retinal cells were performed in vitro. EV endocytosis was dose- and temperature-dependent, saturable, and occurred via cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans mediated by the caveolar endocytic pathway. The administration of MSC-EVs into the vitreous humor 24 h after retinal ischemia in a rat model significantly enhanced functional recovery, and decreased neuro-inflammation and apoptosis. EVs were taken up by retinal neurons, retinal ganglion cells, and microglia. They were present in the vitreous humor for four weeks after intravitreal administration, with saturable binding to vitreous humor components. Overall, this study highlights the potential of MSC-EV as biomaterials for neuroprotective and regenerative therapy in retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Biology, and Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ruth Zelka
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Roth
- Departments of Anesthesiology, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, USA.
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36
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Stem cell exosomes inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:663. [PMID: 30679544 PMCID: PMC6345809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, exosomes secreted by menstrual mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as inhibitory agents of tumor angiogenesis and modulators of the tumor cell secretome in prostate and breast cancer. However, their direct effect on endothelial cells and paracrine mediators have not yet been investigated. Using a carrier-based cell culture system to test the scalability for exosome production, we showed that different types of endothelial cells present specific kinetics for exosomes internalization. Exosome-treatment of endothelial cells increased cytotoxicity and reduced VEGF secretion and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Using the hamster buccal pouch carcinoma as a preclinical model for human oral squamous cell carcinoma, we demonstrated a significant antitumor effect of intra-tumoral injection of exosomes associated with a loss of tumor vasculature. These results address up-scaling of exosome production, a relevant issue for their clinical application, and also assess menstrual stem cell exosomes as potential anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of neoplastic conditions.
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37
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Zimta AA, Baru O, Badea M, Buduru SD, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Role of Angiogenesis and Pro-Angiogenic Exosomes in Regenerative Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020406. [PMID: 30669338 PMCID: PMC6359271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental surgeries can result in traumatic wounds that provoke major discomfort and have a high risk of infection. In recent years, density research has taken a keen interest in finding answers to this problem by looking at the latest results made in regenerative medicine and adapting them to the specificities of oral tissue. One of the undertaken directions is the study of angiogenesis as an integrative part of oral tissue regeneration. The stimulation of this process is intended to enhance the local availability of stem cells, oxygen levels, nutrient supply, and evacuation of toxic waste. For a successful stimulation of local angiogenesis, two major cellular components must be considered: the stem cells and the vascular endothelial cells. The exosomes are extracellular vesicles, which mediate the communication between two cell types. In regenerative dentistry, the analysis of exosome miRNA content taps into the extended communication between these cell types with the purpose of improving the regenerative potential of oral tissue. This review analyzes the stem cells available for the dentistry, the molecular cargo of their exosomes, and the possible implications these may have for a future therapeutic induction of angiogenesis in the oral wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Baru
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mandra Badea
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Smaranda Dana Buduru
- Prosthetics and Dental materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Stomestet Stomatology Clinic, Calea Manastur 68A Street, 400658 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34th street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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38
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Regulators of Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1144:147-166. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Taheri B, Soleimani M, Fekri Aval S, Esmaeili E, Bazi Z, Zarghami N. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel approach for cell-free regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8455-8464. [PMID: 30478831 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been considered as a promising approach in the field of regenerative medicine. iPSCs can be generated from patients' somatic cells and possess the potential to differentiate, under proper conditions, into any cell type. However, the clinical application of iPS cells is restricted because of their tumorigenic potential. Recent studies have indicated that stem cells exert their therapeutic benefit via a paracrine mechanism, and extracellular vesicles have been demonstrated that play a critical role in this paracrine mechanism. Due to lower immunogenicity, easier management, and presenting no risk of tumor formation, in recent years, researchers turned attention to exosomes as potential alternatives to whole-cell therapy. Application of exosomes derived from iPSCs and their derived precursor provides a promising approach for personalized regenerative medicine. This study reviews the physiological functions of extracellular vesicles and discusses their potential therapeutic benefit in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh Fekri Aval
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Bazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Hassanpour M, Rezabakhsh A, Pezeshkian M, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Distinct role of autophagy on angiogenesis: highlights on the effect of autophagy in endothelial lineage and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 30409213 PMCID: PMC6225658 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in the dynamic growth of each cell through different conditions. It seems that this intracellular mechanism acts as a two-edged sword against the numerous cell insults. Previously, autophagy was described in the context of cell activity and behavior, but little knowledge exists related to the role of autophagy in endothelial cells, progenitors, and stem cells biology from different tissues. Angiogenic behavior of endothelial lineage and various stem cells are touted as an inevitable feature in the restoration of different damaged tissues and organs. This capacity was found to be dictated by autophagy signaling pathway. This review article highlights the fundamental role of cell autophagic response in endothelial cells function, stem cells dynamic, and differentiation rate. It seems that elucidation of the mechanisms related to pro- and/or anti-angiogenic potential of autophagy inside endothelial cells and stem cells could help us to modulate stem cell therapeutic feature post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Stem Cell And Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshkian
- Department of Applied Drug Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756 Iran
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41
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Abstract
Despite considerable advances in medicine, cardiovascular disease is still rising, with ischemic heart disease being the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Thus extensive efforts are continuing to establish effective therapeutic modalities that would improve both quality of life and survival in this patient population. Novel therapies are being investigated not only to protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury but also to regenerate the heart. Stem cell therapy, such as potential use of human mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells and their exosomes, will make it possible not only to address molecular mechanisms of cardiac conditioning, but also to develop new therapies for ischemic heart disease. Despite the studies and progress made over the last 15 years on the use of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease, the efforts are still in their infancy. Even though the expectations have been high, the findings indicate that most of the clinical trials generally have been small and the results inconclusive. Because of many negative findings, there is certain pessimism that cardiac cell therapy is likely to yield any meaningful results over the next decade or so. Similar to other new technologies, early failures are not unusual and they may be followed by impressive success. Nevertheless, there has been considerable attention to safety by the clinical investigators because the adverse events of stem cell therapy have been impressively rare. In summary, although regenerative biology might not help the cardiovascular patient in the near term, it is destined to do so over the next several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Terashvili
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
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42
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Acevedo JP, Angelopoulos I, van Noort D, Khoury M. Microtechnology applied to stem cells research and development. Regen Med 2018; 13:233-248. [PMID: 29557299 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfabrication and microfluidics contribute to the research of cellular functions of cells and their interaction with their environment. Previously, it has been shown that microfluidics can contribute to the isolation, selection, characterization and migration of cells. This review aims to provide stem cell researchers with a toolkit of microtechnology (mT) instruments for elucidating complex stem cells functions which are challenging to decipher with traditional assays and animal models. These microdevices are able to investigate about the differentiation and niche interaction, stem cells transcriptomics, therapeutic functions and the capture of their secreted microvesicles. In conclusion, microtechnology will allow a more realistic assessment of stem cells properties, driving and accelerating the translation of regenerative medicine approaches to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Acevedo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ioannis Angelopoulos
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danny van Noort
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Biotechnology, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Santiago, Chile
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43
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, González PL, Lopez-Verrilli A, Varas-Godoy M, Aguila-Díaz C, Contreras L, Khoury M. Prostate tumor-induced angiogenesis is blocked by exosomes derived from menstrual stem cells through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44462-44477. [PMID: 27286448 PMCID: PMC5190111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete exosomes that are capable of modifying the tumor environment through different mechanisms including changes in the cancer-cell secretome. This activity depends on their cargo content that is largely defined by their cellular origin. Endometrial cells are fine regulators of the angiogenic process during the menstrual cycle that includes an angiostatic condition that is associated with the end of the cycle. Hence, we studied the angiogenic activity of menstrual stem cells (MenSCs)-secreted exosomes on prostate PC3 tumor cells. Our results showed that exosomes induce a reduction in VEGF secretion and NF-κB activity. Lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in exosomes-treated cells was detected by the DCF method, suggesting that the inhibition of the intracellular ROS impacts both NF-κB and VEGF pathways. We confirmed using tubule formation and plug transplantation assays that MenSCs-exosomes suppress the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors by the PC3 cells in a ROS-dependent manner. The inhibition of the tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, the tumor growth was also confirmed using a xenograft mouse model. Additionally, the anti-tumoral effect was associated with a reduction of tumor hemoglobin content, vascular density and inhibition of VEGF and HIF-1α expression. Importantly, we demonstrate that the exosomes anti-angiogenic effect is specific to the menstrual cell source, as bone marrow MSCs-derived exosomes showed an opposite effect on the VEGF and bFGF expression in tumor cells. Altogether, our results indicate that MenSCs-derived exosomes acts as blockers of the tumor-induced angiogenesis and therefore could be suitable for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz L González
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Aguila-Díaz
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Contreras
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Erten E, Arslan YE. The Great Harmony in Translational Medicine: Biomaterials and Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:21-39. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Extracellular vesicles as a target for the development of anti-helminth vaccines. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:659-665. [PMID: 33525849 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a universal feature of cellular life. More recently, EVs have been identified in a broad range of both unicellular and multicellular parasites where they play roles in parasite-parasite intercommunication as well as parasite-host interactions. Parasitic helminth-derived EVs traverse host target cell membranes whereupon they offload their molecular cargo - proteins, lipids, and genetic information such as mRNAs and miRNAs - which are thought to hijack the target cell and modulate its gene expression to promote parasite survival. As such, EVs represent a novel mechanism of intercellular communication that could be targeted for vaccine-mediated interruption, given the abundance of surface antigens expressed on helminth EVs, and the ability of antibodies to block their uptake by target cells. In this Perspective article, we review recent developments in the field of helminth-derived EVs and highlight their roles in helminth vaccine discovery and development.
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46
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Du W, Zhang K, Zhang S, Wang R, Nie Y, Tao H, Han Z, Liang L, Wang D, Liu J, Liu N, Han Z, Kong D, Zhao Q, Li Z. Enhanced proangiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes stimulated by a nitric oxide releasing polymer. Biomaterials 2017; 133:70-81. [PMID: 28433939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized as new candidates for the treatment of degenerative diseases or injury and may provide an alternative to cell-based therapy. However, the compositions in MSC-derived exosomes are highly influenced by the microenvironment in which their original cells reside. Here, we hypothesized that a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing polymer can boost the proangiogenic compositions of exosomes and enhance their proangiogenic capacity. Our results demonstrated that exosomes, released from human placenta-derived MSCs (hP-MSCs) by NO stimulation, augment the angiogenic effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Moreover, exosomes released from hP-MSCs by NO stimulation revealed superior angiogenic effects and ameliorated limb function in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. Further analysis demonstrated that increased VEGF and miR-126 levels in exosomes released from hP-MSCs by NO stimulation were identified as a novel mechanism contributing to the increased capacity of these exosomes to promote angiogenic processes. In conclusion, designing specific microenvironments for in vitro stem cell culture, such as those containing bioactive material, will facilitate the development of customized exosomes encapsulating a beneficial composition of stem cells for cell-free therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ran Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Tao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Science, Tianjin, China.
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47
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Status and New Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:339. [PMID: 28424688 PMCID: PMC5371613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy appears to be promising, there are concerns regarding possible side effects related to the unwanted suppression of antimicrobial immunity leading to an increased risk of infection. Conversely, recent data show that MSCs exert strong antimicrobial effects through indirect and direct mechanisms, partially mediated by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). In fact, MSCs have been reported to increase bacterial clearance in preclinical models of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis-related infections. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the direct antimicrobial effector function of MSCs, focusing mainly on the role of MSCs-derived AMPs. The strategies that might modulate the expression and secretion of these AMPs, leading to enhanced antimicrobial effect, are highlighted. Furthermore, studies evaluating the presence of AMPs in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are underlined as perspective opportunities to develop new drug delivery tools. The antimicrobial potential of MSCs-derived EVs can also be heightened through cell conditioning and/or drug loading. Finally, improving the pharmacokinetics and delivery, in addition to deciphering the multi-target drug status of AMPs, should synergistically lead to key advances against infections caused by drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Status and New Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28424688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy appears to be promising, there are concerns regarding possible side effects related to the unwanted suppression of antimicrobial immunity leading to an increased risk of infection. Conversely, recent data show that MSCs exert strong antimicrobial effects through indirect and direct mechanisms, partially mediated by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). In fact, MSCs have been reported to increase bacterial clearance in preclinical models of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis-related infections. This article reviews the current evidence regarding the direct antimicrobial effector function of MSCs, focusing mainly on the role of MSCs-derived AMPs. The strategies that might modulate the expression and secretion of these AMPs, leading to enhanced antimicrobial effect, are highlighted. Furthermore, studies evaluating the presence of AMPs in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are underlined as perspective opportunities to develop new drug delivery tools. The antimicrobial potential of MSCs-derived EVs can also be heightened through cell conditioning and/or drug loading. Finally, improving the pharmacokinetics and delivery, in addition to deciphering the multi-target drug status of AMPs, should synergistically lead to key advances against infections caused by drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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49
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Huang CC, Narayanan R, Alapati S, Ravindran S. Exosomes as biomimetic tools for stem cell differentiation: Applications in dental pulp tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 111:103-115. [PMID: 27728810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving and maintaining safe and reliable lineage specific differentiation of stem cells is important for clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies. In an effort to circumvent the multitude of problems arising from the usage of growth factors and growth factor delivery systems, we have explored the use of exosomes as biomimetic tools to induce stem cell differentiation. Working on the hypothesis that cell-type specific exosomes can trigger lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells, we have evaluated the potential of exosomes derived from dental pulp cells cultured on under growth and odontogenic differentiation conditions to induce odontogenic differentiation of naïve human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human bone marrow derived stromal cells (HMSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that the exosomes can bind to matrix proteins such as type I collagen and fibronectin enabling them to be tethered to biomaterials. The exosomes are endocytosed by both DPSCs and HMSCs in a dose-dependent and saturable manner via the caveolar endocytic mechanism and trigger the P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, the exosomes also trigger the increased expression of genes required for odontogenic differentiation. When tested in vivo in a tooth root slice model with DPSCs, the exosomes triggered regeneration of dental pulp-like tissue. However, our results indicate that exosomes isolated under odontogenic conditions are better inducers of stem cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Overall, our results highlight the potential exosomes as biomimetic tools to induce lineage specific differentiation of stem cells. Our results also show the importance of considering the source and state of exosome donor cells before a choice is made for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | | | - Satish Alapati
- Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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Epps JA, Smart NA. Remote ischaemic conditioning in the context of type 2 diabetes and neuropathy: the case for repeat application as a novel therapy for lower extremity ulceration. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:130. [PMID: 27613524 PMCID: PMC5018170 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging treatment modality for reducing damage caused by ischaemia–reperfusion injury is ischaemic conditioning. This technique induces short periods of ischaemia that have been found to protect against a more significant ischaemic insult. Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) can be administered more conveniently and safely, by inflation of a pneumatic blood pressure cuff to a suprasystolic pressure on a limb. Protection is then transferred to a remote organ via humoral and neural pathways. The diabetic state is particularly vulnerable to ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and ischaemia is a significant cause of many diabetic complications, including the diabetic foot. Despite this, studies utilising ischaemic conditioning and RIC in type 2 diabetes have often been disappointing. A newer strategy, repeat RIC, involves the repeated application of short periods of limb ischaemia over days or weeks. It has been demonstrated that this improves endothelial function, skin microcirculation, and modulates the systemic inflammatory response. Repeat RIC was recently shown to be beneficial for healing in lower extremity diabetic ulcers. This article summarises the mechanisms of RIC, and the impact that type 2 diabetes may have upon these, with the role of neural mechanisms in the context of diabetic neuropathy a focus. Repeat RIC may show more promise than RIC in type 2 diabetes, and its potential mechanisms and applications will also be explored. Considering the high costs, rates of chronicity and serious complications resulting from diabetic lower extremity ulceration, repeat RIC has the potential to be an effective novel advanced therapy for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Epps
- School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - N A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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