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Swanton C, Bernard E, Abbosh C, André F, Auwerx J, Balmain A, Bar-Sagi D, Bernards R, Bullman S, DeGregori J, Elliott C, Erez A, Evan G, Febbraio MA, Hidalgo A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Joyce JA, Kaiser M, Lamia K, Locasale JW, Loi S, Malanchi I, Merad M, Musgrave K, Patel KJ, Quezada S, Wargo JA, Weeraratna A, White E, Winkler F, Wood JN, Vousden KH, Hanahan D. Embracing cancer complexity: Hallmarks of systemic disease. Cell 2024; 187:1589-1616. [PMID: 38552609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary developments in understanding mechanisms of carcinogenesis, synthesized as the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this logical framework, our understanding of the molecular basis of systemic manifestations and the underlying causes of cancer-related death remains incomplete. Looking forward, elucidating how tumors interact with distant organs and how multifaceted environmental and physiological parameters impinge on tumors and their hosts will be crucial for advances in preventing and more effectively treating human cancers. In this perspective, we discuss complexities of cancer as a systemic disease, including tumor initiation and promotion, tumor micro- and immune macro-environments, aging, metabolism and obesity, cancer cachexia, circadian rhythms, nervous system interactions, tumor-related thrombosis, and the microbiome. Model systems incorporating human genetic variation will be essential to decipher the mechanistic basis of these phenomena and unravel gene-environment interactions, providing a modern synthesis of molecular oncology that is primed to prevent cancers and improve patient quality of life and cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Swanton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Elsa Bernard
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Fabrice André
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris Saclay University, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Allan Balmain
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gerard Evan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Area of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Sir Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Miriam Merad
- Department of immunology and immunotherapy, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Musgrave
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Haematology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashani Weeraratna
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, WIBR, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Douglas Hanahan
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yang JC, Zhang YH, Hu B. Gastric organoids: Rise of a latecomer. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:182-191. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
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Windhaber C, Heckl A, Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA, Biermann N, Dengler F. A matter of differentiation: equine enteroids as a model for the in vivo intestinal epithelium. Vet Res 2024; 55:30. [PMID: 38493107 PMCID: PMC10943904 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system. With increasing enterocyte differentiation, the enteroids showed a reduced growth rate as well as a predominantly spherical morphology and less budding compared to enteroids in proliferation medium. Combined or individual withdrawal of stem cell niche pathway components resulted in lower mRNA expression levels of stem cell markers and concomitant differentiation of enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells. For eqCE, withdrawal of Wnt alone was sufficient for the generation of differentiated enterocytes with a close resemblance to the in vivo epithelium. Combined removal of Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin and the addition of DAPT stimulated differentiation of eqJE at a similar level as the in vivo epithelium, particularly with regard to enterocytes. In summary, we successfully defined a medium composition that promotes the formation of eqJE and eqCE consisting of multiple cell types and resembling the in vivo epithelium. Our findings emphasize the importance of adapting culture conditions to the respective species and the intestinal segment. This in vitro model will be used to investigate the pathological mechanisms underlying equine gastrointestinal disorders in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Windhaber
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Heckl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Csukovich
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Biermann
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Marcazzan S, Braz Carvalho MJ, Nguyen NT, Strangmann J, Slotta-Huspenina J, Tenditnaya A, Tschurtschenthaler M, Rieder J, Proaño-Vasco A, Ntziachristos V, Steiger K, Gorpas D, Quante M, Kossatz S. PARP1-targeted fluorescence molecular endoscopy as novel tool for early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:53. [PMID: 38383387 PMCID: PMC10880256 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is dramatically increasing. Despite some improvements, the current surveillance protocol with white light endoscopy and random untargeted biopsies collection (Seattle protocol) fails to diagnose dysplastic and cancerous lesions in up to 50% of patients. Therefore, new endoscopic imaging technologies in combination with tumor-specific molecular probes are needed to improve early detection. Herein, we investigated the use of the fluorescent Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-inhibitor PARPi-FL for early detection of dysplastic lesions in patient-derived organoids and transgenic mouse models, which closely mimic the transformation from non-malignant Barrett's Esophagus (BE) to invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). METHODS We determined PARP1 expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human biospecimens and mouse tissues. We also assessed PARPi-FL uptake in patient- and mouse-derived organoids. Following intravenous injection of 75 nmol PARPi-FL/mouse in L2-IL1B (n = 4) and L2-IL1B/IL8Tg mice (n = 12), we conducted fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) and/or imaged whole excised stomachs to assess PARPi-FL accumulation in dysplastic lesions. L2-IL1B/IL8Tg mice (n = 3) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 2) without PARPi-FL injection served as controls. The imaging results were validated by confocal microscopy and IHC of excised tissues. RESULTS IHC on patient and murine tissue revealed similar patterns of increasing PARP1 expression in presence of dysplasia and cancer. In human and murine organoids, PARPi-FL localized to PARP1-expressing epithelial cell nuclei after 10 min of incubation. Injection of PARPi-FL in transgenic mouse models of BE resulted in the successful detection of lesions via FME, with a mean target-to-background ratio > 2 independently from the disease stage. The localization of PARPi-FL in the lesions was confirmed by imaging of the excised stomachs and confocal microscopy. Without PARPi-FL injection, identification of lesions via FME in transgenic mice was not possible. CONCLUSION PARPi-FL imaging is a promising approach for clinically needed improved detection of dysplastic and malignant EAC lesions in patients with BE. Since PARPi-FL is currently evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial for oral cancer detection after topical application, clinical translation for early detection of dysplasia and EAC in BE patients via FME screening appears feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marcazzan
- II. Medizinische Klinik, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Clinical Radiology, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Marcos J Braz Carvalho
- II. Medizinische Klinik, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Nghia T Nguyen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Julia Slotta-Huspenina
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Anna Tenditnaya
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Jonas Rieder
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Andrea Proaño-Vasco
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP) and IBioTUM tissue biobank, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum Rechts der Isar at Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 85748, Germany.
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Contreras-Panta EW, Choi E, Goldenring JR. The Fibroblast Landscape in Stomach Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:671-678. [PMID: 38342299 PMCID: PMC10957461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Numerous recent studies using single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have shown the vast cell heterogeneity, including epithelial, immune, and stromal cells, present in the normal human stomach and at different stages of gastric carcinogenesis. Fibroblasts within the metaplastic and dysplastic mucosal stroma represent key contributors to the carcinogenic microenvironment in the stomach. The heterogeneity of fibroblast populations is present in the normal stomach, but plasticity within these populations underlies their alterations in association with both metaplasia and dysplasia. In this review, we summarize and discuss efforts over the past several years to study the fibroblast components in human stomach from normal to metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. In the stomach, myofibroblast populations increase during late phase carcinogenesis and are a source of matrix proteins. PDGFRA-expressing telocyte-like cells are present in normal stomach and expand during metaplasia and dysplasia in close proximity with epithelial lineages, likely providing support for both normal and metaplastic progenitor niches. The alterations in fibroblast transcriptional signatures across the stomach carcinogenesis process indicate that fibroblast populations are likely as plastic as epithelial populations during the evolution of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela W Contreras-Panta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Cameron O, Neves JF, Gentleman E. Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302165. [PMID: 38009508 PMCID: PMC10837392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen-lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell-rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom-up biological self-organization and top-down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cameron
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanne1005Switzerland
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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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Sun J, Sepulveda JL, Komissarova EV, Hills C, Seckar TD, LeFevre NM, Simonyan H, Young C, Su G, Del Portillo A, Wang TC, Sepulveda AR. CDKN2A-p16 Deletion and Activated KRAS G12D Drive Barrett's-Like Gland Hyperplasia-Metaplasia and Synergize in the Development of Dysplasia Precancer Lesions. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:769-784. [PMID: 38296052 PMCID: PMC10966774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Barrett's esophagus is the precursor of esophageal dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. CDKN2A-p16 deletions were reported in 34%-74% of patients with Barrett's esophagus who progressed to dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that p16 loss may drive neoplastic progression. KRAS activation frequently occurs in esophageal adenocarcinoma and precancer lesions. LGR5+ stem cells in the squamocolumnar-junction (SCJ) of mouse stomach contribute as Barrett's esophagus progenitors. We aimed to determine the functional effects of p16 loss and KRAS activation in Barrett's-like metaplasia and dysplasia development. METHODS We established mouse models with conditional knockout of CDKN2A-p16 (p16KO) and/or activated KRASG12D expression targeting SCJ LGR5+ cells in interleukin 1b transgenic mice and characterized histologic alterations (mucous-gland hyperplasia/metaplasia, inflammation, and dysplasia) in mouse SCJ. Gene expression was determined by microarray, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry of SCJ tissues and cultured 3-dimensional organoids. RESULTS p16KO mice exhibited increased mucous-gland hyperplasia/metaplasia versus control mice (P = .0051). Combined p16KO+KRASG12D resulted in more frequent dysplasia and higher dysplasia scores (P = .0036), with 82% of p16KO+KRASG12D mice developing high-grade dysplasia. SCJ transcriptome analysis showed several activated pathways in p16KO versus control mice (apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-kB, proteasome degradation, p53 signaling, MAPK, KRAS, and G1-to-S transition). CONCLUSIONS p16 deletion in LGR5+ cell precursors triggers increased SCJ mucous-gland hyperplasia/metaplasia. KRASG12D synergizes with p16 deletion resulting in higher grades of SCJ glandular dysplasia, mimicking Barrett's high-grade dysplasia. These genetically modified mouse models establish a functional role of p16 and activated KRAS in the progression of Barrett's-like lesions to dysplasia in mice, representing an in vivo model of esophageal adenocarcinoma precancer. Derived 3-dimensional organoid models further provide in vitro modeling opportunities of esophageal precancer stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jorge L Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Elena V Komissarova
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Caitlin Hills
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Tyler D Seckar
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Narine M LeFevre
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Hayk Simonyan
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Colin Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Gloria Su
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Armando Del Portillo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Antonia R Sepulveda
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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Inomata Y, Kuroha M, Shimoyama Y, Naito T, Moroi R, Shiga H, Kakuta Y, Karasawa H, Onuma S, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A. Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6992. [PMID: 38334454 PMCID: PMC10854454 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Colorectal cancer progression from adenoma to cancer is a time-intensive process; however, the interaction between normal fibroblasts (NFs) with early colorectal tumors, such as adenomas, remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the response of the microenvironment during early tumorigenesis using co-cultures of organoids and NFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colon normal epithelium, adenoma, cancer organoid, and NFs were established and co-cultured using Transwell inserts. Microarray analysis of NFs was performed to identify factors expressed early in tumor growth. Immunostaining of clinical specimens was performed to localize the identified factor. Functional analysis was performed using HCT116 cells. Serum DKK1 levels were measured in patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma. RESULTS Colorectal organoid-NF co-culture resulted in increased organoid diameter and cell viability in normal epithelial and adenomatous organoids but not in cancer organoids. Microarray analysis of NFs revealed 18 genes with increased expression when co-cultured with adenoma and cancer organoids. Immunohistochemical staining revealed DKK1 expression in the tumor stroma from early tumor growth. DKK1 stimulation reduced HCT116 cell proliferation, while DKK1 silencing by siRNA transfection increased cell proliferation. Serum DKK1 level was significantly higher in patients with advanced cancer and adenoma than in controls. Serum DKK1 level revealed area-under-the-curve values of 0.78 and 0.64 for cancer and adenoma, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings contribute valuable insights into the early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis and suggest DKK1 as a tumor suppressor. Additionally, serum DKK1 levels could serve as a biomarker to identify both cancer and adenoma, offering diagnostic possibilities for early-stage colon tumors. The present study has a few limitations. We considered using DKK1 as a candidate gene for gene transfer to organoids and NFs; however, it was difficult due to technical problems and the slow growth rate of NFs. Therefore, we used cancer cell lines instead. In addition, immunostaining and ELISA were based on the short-term collection at a single institution, and further accumulation of such data is desirable. As described above, most previous reports were related to advanced cancers, but in this study, new findings were obtained by conducting experiments on endoscopically curable early-stage tumors, such as adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Inomata
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Shinobu Onuma
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Student Healthcare Center, Institute for Excellence in Higher EducationTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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10
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Montes-Olivas S, Legge D, Lund A, Fletcher AG, Williams AC, Marucci L, Homer M. In-silico and in-vitro morphometric analysis of intestinal organoids. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011386. [PMID: 37578984 PMCID: PMC10473498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids offer a powerful model to study cellular self-organisation, the growth of specific tissue morphologies in-vitro, and to assess potential medical therapies. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of these systems are not entirely understood yet, which can result in variability of organoids due to differences in culture conditions and basement membrane extracts used. Improving the standardisation of organoid cultures is essential for their implementation in clinical protocols. Developing tools to assess and predict the behaviour of these systems may produce a more robust and standardised biological model to perform accurate clinical studies. Here, we developed an algorithm to automate crypt-like structure counting on intestinal organoids in both in-vitro and in-silico images. In addition, we modified an existing two-dimensional agent-based mathematical model of intestinal organoids to better describe the system physiology, and evaluated its ability to replicate budding structures compared to new experimental data we generated. The crypt-counting algorithm proved useful in approximating the average number of budding structures found in our in-vitro intestinal organoid culture images on days 3 and 7 after seeding. Our changes to the in-silico model maintain the potential to produce simulations that replicate the number of budding structures found on days 5 and 7 of in-vitro data. The present study aims to aid in quantifying key morphological structures and provide a method to compare both in-vitro and in-silico experiments. Our results could be extended later to 3D in-silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Montes-Olivas
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Legge
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abbie Lund
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ann C. Williams
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Homer
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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11
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Ghorbaninejad M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Baharvand H, Meyfour A. Intestinal organoids: A versatile platform for modeling gastrointestinal diseases and monitoring epigenetic alterations. Life Sci 2023; 319:121506. [PMID: 36858311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and tissue in vitro models, creating intestinal organoids has burgeoned as an ideal option to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the native intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can be developed from either tissue-resident adult stem cells (ADSs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in both forms induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells. Here, we review current advances in the development of intestinal organoids that have led to a better recapitulation of the complexity, physiology, morphology, function, and microenvironment of the intestine. We discuss current applications of intestinal organoids with an emphasis on disease modeling. In particular, we point out recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids. We also discuss the less explored application of intestinal organoids in epigenetics by highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications in intestinal development, homeostasis, and diseases, and subsequently the power of organoids in mirroring the regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in these conditions and introducing novel predictive/diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we propose 3D organoid models to evaluate the effects of novel epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) on the treatment of GI diseases where epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in disease development and progression, particularly in colorectal cancer treatment and epigenetically acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Daghero H, Pagotto R, Quiroga C, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Bollati-Fogolín M. Murine colon organoids as a novel model to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection and interactions with the intestinal epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1082524. [PMID: 36968103 PMCID: PMC10033869 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1082524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). With around seven million people infected worldwide and over 50,000 deaths per year, CD is a major public health issue in Latin America. The main route of transmission to humans is through a triatomine bug (vector-borne), but congenital and oral transmission have also been reported. The acute phase of CD presents mild symptoms but may develop into a long-lasting chronic illness, characterized by severely impaired cardiac, digestive, and neurological functions. The intestinal tissue appears to have a key role during oral transmission and chronic infection of CD. In this immune-privileged reservoir, dormant/quiescent parasites have been suggested to contribute to disease persistence, infection relapse, and treatment failure. However, the interaction between the intestinal epithelium and T. cruzi has not been examined in depth, in part, due to the lack of in vitro models that approximate to the biological and structural complexity of this tissue. Therefore, to understand the role played by the intestinal tissue during transmission and chronic infection, physiological models resembling the organ complexity are needed. Here we addressed this issue by establishing and characterizing adult stem cell-derived colonoid infection models that are clinically relevant for CD. 3D and 2D systems of murine intestinal organoids infected with T. cruzi Dm28c (a highly virulent strain associated with oral outbreaks) were analyzed at different time points by confocal microscopy. T. cruzi was able to invade and replicate in intestinal epithelial primary cells grown as intact organoids (3D) and monolayers (2D). The permissiveness to pathogen infection differed markedly between organoids and cell lines (primate and intestinal human cell lines). So far, this represents the first evidence of the potential that these cellular systems offer for the study of host-pathogen interactions and the discovery of effective anti-chagasic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Daghero
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Pagotto
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Quiroga
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Redox Biology of Trypanosomes Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Salari A, Zhou K, Nikolovska K, Seidler U, Amiri M. Human Colonoid-Myofibroblast Coculture for Study of Apical Na +/H + Exchangers of the Lower Cryptal Neck Region. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054266. [PMID: 36901695 PMCID: PMC10001859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cation and anion transport in the colonocyte apical membrane is highly spatially organized along the cryptal axis. Because of lack of experimental accessibility, information about the functionality of ion transporters in the colonocyte apical membrane in the lower part of the crypt is scarce. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro model of the colonic lower crypt compartment, which expresses the transit amplifying/progenitor (TA/PE) cells, with accessibility of the apical membrane for functional study of lower crypt-expressed Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs). Colonic crypts and myofibroblasts were isolated from human transverse colonic biopsies, expanded as three-dimensional (3D) colonoids and myofibroblast monolayers, and characterized. Filter-grown colonic myofibroblast-colonic epithelial cell (CM-CE) cocultures (myofibroblasts on the bottom of the transwell and colonocytes on the filter) were established. The expression pattern for ion transport/junctional/stem cell markers of the CM-CE monolayers was compared with that of nondifferentiated (EM) and differentiated (DM) colonoid monolayers. Fluorometric pHi measurements were performed to characterize apical NHEs. CM-CE cocultures displayed a rapid increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paralleled by downregulation of claudin-2. They maintained proliferative activity and an expression pattern resembling TA/PE cells. The CM-CE monolayers displayed high apical Na+/H+ exchange activity, mediated to >80% by NHE2. Human colonoid-myofibroblast cocultures allow the study of ion transporters that are expressed in the apical membrane of the nondifferentiated colonocytes of the cryptal neck region. The NHE2 isoform is the predominant apical Na+/H+ exchanger in this epithelial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Salari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kunyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Katerina Nikolovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-511-532-9427 (U.S.); Fax: +49-511-532-8428 (U.S.)
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (M.A.); Tel.: +49-511-532-9427 (U.S.); Fax: +49-511-532-8428 (U.S.)
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14
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Kumar A, Cai S, Allam M, Henderson S, Ozbeyler M, Saiontz L, Coskun AF. Single-Cell and Spatial Analysis of Emergent Organoid Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:311-344. [PMID: 37191807 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as a promising advancement of the two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to improve studies in organogenesis, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine applications. Organoids can self-organize as three-dimensional (3D) tissues derived from stem cells and patient tissues to resemble organs. This chapter presents growth strategies, molecular screening methods, and emerging issues of the organoid platforms. Single-cell and spatial analysis resolve organoid heterogeneity to obtain information about the structural and molecular cellular states. Culture media diversity and varying lab-to-lab practices have resulted in organoid-to-organoid variability in morphology and cell compositions. An essential resource is an organoid atlas that can catalog protocols and standardize data analysis for different organoid types. Molecular profiling of individual cells in organoids and data organization of the organoid landscape will impact biomedical applications from basic science to translational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuangyi Cai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mayar Allam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Henderson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Ozbeyler
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lilly Saiontz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, , Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Applications of human organoids in the personalized treatment for digestive diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:336. [PMID: 36167824 PMCID: PMC9513303 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
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16
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Zhang Q, Bansal A, Dunbar KB, Chang Y, Zhang J, Balaji U, Gu J, Zhang X, Podgaetz E, Pan Z, Spechler SJ, Souza RF. A human Barrett's esophagus organoid system reveals epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity induced by acid and bile salts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G598-G614. [PMID: 35380457 PMCID: PMC9109796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM), in which glands of Barrett's esophagus (BE) are buried under esophageal squamous epithelium, is unknown. In a rat model of reflux esophagitis, we found that columnar-lined esophagus developed via a wound-healing process involving epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) that buried glands under ulcerated squamous epithelium. To explore a role for reflux-induced EMP in BE, we established and characterized human Barrett's organoids and sought evidence of EMP after treatment with acidic bile salts (AB). We optimized media to grow human BE organoids from immortalized human Barrett's cells and from BE biopsies from seven patients, and we characterized histological, morphological, and molecular features of organoid development. Features and markers of EMP were explored following organoid exposure to AB, with and without a collagen I (COL1) matrix to simulate a wound-healing environment. All media successfully initiated organoid growth, but advanced DMEM/F12 (aDMEM) was best at sustaining organoid viability. Using aDMEM, organoids comprising nongoblet and goblet columnar cells that expressed gastric and intestinal cell markers were generated from BE biopsies of all seven patients. After AB treatment, early-stage Barrett's organoids exhibited EMP with loss of membranous E-cadherin and increased protrusive cell migration, events significantly enhanced by COL1. Using human BE biopsies, we have established Barrett's organoids that recapitulate key histological and molecular features of BE to serve as high-fidelity BE models. Our findings suggest that reflux can induce EMP in human BE, potentially enabling Barrett's cells to migrate under adjacent squamous epithelium to form SSIM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Barrett's esophagus (BE) biopsies, we established organoids recapitulating key BE features. During early stages of organoid development, a GERD-like wound environment-induced features of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in Barrett's progenitor cells, suggesting that reflux-induced EMP can enable Barrett's cells to migrate underneath squamous epithelium to form subsquamous intestinal metaplasia, a condition that may underlie Barrett's cancers that escape detection by endoscopic surveillance, and recurrences of Barrett's metaplasia following endoscopic eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Uthra Balaji
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Department of Biostatistics Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eitan Podgaetz
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Middelhoff M, Valenti G, Tomassoni L, Ochiai Y, Belin B, Takahashi R, Malagola E, Nienhüser H, Finlayson M, Hayakawa Y, Zamechek LB, Renz BW, Westphalen CB, Quante M, Margolis KG, Sims PA, Laise P, Califano A, Rao M, Gershon MD, Wang TC. Adult enteric Dclk1-positive glial and neuronal cells reveal distinct responses to acute intestinal injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G583-G597. [PMID: 35319286 PMCID: PMC9109794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00244.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ganglionic cells in the adult enteric nervous system (ENS) are continually exposed to stimuli from the surrounding microenvironment and need at times to respond to disturbed homeostasis following acute intestinal injury. The kinase DCLK1 and intestinal Dclk1-positive cells have been reported to contribute to intestinal regeneration. Although Dclk1-positive cells are present in adult enteric ganglia, their cellular identity and response to acute injury have not been investigated in detail. Here, we reveal the presence of distinct Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like and Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b- neuronal cell types in adult myenteric ganglia. These ganglionic cells demonstrate distinct patterns of tracing over time yet show a similar expansion in response to elevated serotonergic signaling. Interestingly, Dclk1-tdTom+ glial-like and neuronal cell types appear resistant to acute irradiation injury-mediated cell death. Moreover, Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like cells show prominent changes in gene expression profiles induced by injury, in contrast to Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b- neuronal cell types. Finally, subsets of Dclk1-tdTom+/CD49b+ glial-like cells demonstrate prominent overlap with Nestin and p75NTR and strong responses to elevated serotonergic signaling or acute injury. These findings, together with their role in early development and their neural crest-like gene expression signature, suggest the presence of reserve progenitor cells in the adult Dclk1 glial cell lineage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The kinase DCLK1 identifies glial-like and neuronal cell types in adult murine enteric ganglia, which resist acute injury-mediated cell death yet differ in their cellular response to injury. Interestingly, Dclk1-labeled glial-like cells show prominent transcriptional changes in response to injury and harbor features reminiscent of previously described enteric neural precursor cells. Our data thus add to recently emerging evidence of reserve cellular plasticity in the adult enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Tomassoni
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Yosuke Ochiai
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Bryana Belin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Henrik Nienhüser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leah B Zamechek
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kara G Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- DarwinHealth Inc., New York, New York
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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18
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Hautefort I, Poletti M, Papp D, Korcsmaros T. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Organoid-Based Models (and Never Dared to Ask). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:311-331. [PMID: 35643188 PMCID: PMC9233279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic functions of a living tissue, such as the gastrointestinal tract, rely on highly sophisticated and finely tuned cell-to-cell interactions. These crosstalks evolve and continuously are refined as the tissue develops and give rise to specialized cells performing general and tissue-specific functions. To study these systems, stem cell-based in vitro models, often called organoids, and non-stem cell-based primary cell aggregates (called spheroids) appeared just over a decade ago. These models still are evolving and gaining complexity, making them the state-of-the-art models for studying cellular crosstalk in the gastrointestinal tract, and to investigate digestive pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and liver diseases. However, the use of organoid- or spheroid-based models to recapitulate in vitro the highly complex structure of in vivo tissue remains challenging, and mainly restricted to expert developmental cell biologists. Here, we condense the founding knowledge and key literature information that scientists adopting the organoid technology for the first time need to consider when using these models for novel biological questions. We also include information that current organoid/spheroid users could use to add to increase the complexity to their existing models. We highlight the current and prospective evolution of these models through bridging stem cell biology with biomaterial and scaffold engineering research areas. Linking these complementary fields will increase the in vitro mimicry of in vivo tissue, and potentially lead to more successful translational biomedical applications. Deepening our understanding of the nature and dynamic fine-tuning of intercellular crosstalks will enable identifying novel signaling targets for new or repurposed therapeutics used in many multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hautefort
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Poletti
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Papp
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Engel RM, Jardé T, Oliva K, Kerr G, Chan WH, Hlavca S, Nickless D, Archer SK, Yap R, Ranchod P, Bell S, Niap A, Koulis C, Chong A, Wilkins S, Dale TC, Hollins AJ, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE. Modeling colorectal cancer: A bio-resource of 50 patient-derived organoid lines. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:898-907. [PMID: 35244298 PMCID: PMC10138743 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To improve outcomes for these patients, we need to develop new treatment strategies. Personalized cancer medicine, where patients are treated based on the characteristics of their own tumor, has gained significant interest for its promise to improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary side effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential utility of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids (PDCOs) in a personalized cancer medicine setting. METHODS Patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids were derived from tissue obtained from treatment-naïve patients undergoing surgical resection for the treatment of CRC. We examined the recapitulation of key histopathological, molecular, and phenotypic characteristics of the primary tumor. RESULTS We created a bio-resource of PDCOs from primary and metastatic CRCs. Key histopathological features were retained in PDCOs when compared with the primary tumor. Additionally, a cohort of 12 PDCOs, and their corresponding primary tumors and normal sample, were characterized through whole exome sequencing and somatic variant calling. These PDCOs exhibited a high level of concordance in key driver mutations when compared with the primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS Patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids recapitulate characteristics of the tissue from which they are derived and are a powerful tool for cancer research. Further research will determine their utility for predicting patient outcomes in a personalized cancer medicine setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sara Hlavca
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David Nickless
- Anatomical Pathology DepartmentCabrini Pathology, Cabrini HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stuart K Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics PlatformMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Raymond Yap
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pravin Ranchod
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephen Bell
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ann Niap
- Anatomical Pathology DepartmentCabrini Pathology, Cabrini HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Koulis
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ashley Chong
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simon Wilkins
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Trevor C Dale
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI)CardiffUK
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Andrew J Hollins
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI)CardiffUK
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Regan JL, Schumacher D, Staudte S, Steffen A, Lesche R, Toedling J, Jourdan T, Haybaeck J, Golob-Schwarzl N, Mumberg D, Henderson D, Győrffy B, Regenbrecht CR, Keilholz U, Schäfer R, Lange M. Identification of a Neural Development Gene Expression Signature in Colon Cancer Stem Cells Reveals a Role for EGR2 in Tumorigenesis. iScience 2022; 25:104498. [PMID: 35720265 PMCID: PMC9204726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) can generate neurons that synapse with tumor innervating fibers required for tumorigenesis and disease progression. Greater understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CSC driven tumor neurogenesis may therefore lead to more effective treatments. RNA-sequencing analyses of ALDHPositive CSCs from colon cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) showed CSCs to be enriched for neural development genes. Functional analyses of genes differentially expressed in CSCs from PDO and PDX models demonstrated the neural crest stem cell (NCSC) regulator EGR2 to be required for tumor growth and to control expression of homebox superfamily embryonic master transcriptional regulator HOX genes and the neural stem cell and master cell fate regulator SOX2. These data support CSCs as the source of tumor neurogenesis and suggest that targeting EGR2 may provide a therapeutic differentiation strategy to eliminate CSCs and block nervous system driven disease progression. Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are enriched for nervous system development genes Colon cancer cells express nerve cell markers EGR2 is required for CSC survival and tumor growth and regulates SOX2 and HOX genes Targeting EGR2 may block cancer neurogenesis and stop disease progression
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21
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Morphogen Signals Shaping the Gastric Glands in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073632. [PMID: 35408991 PMCID: PMC8998987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue, and their diffusion generates gradients in the microenvironment. Cells at different positions in the gland sense a specific combination of signals that instruct them to differentiate, proliferate, regenerate, or migrate. Differentiated cells perform specific functions involved in digestion, such as the production of protective mucus and the secretion of digestive enzymes or gastric acid. Biopsies from gastric precancerous conditions usually display tissue aberrations and change the shape of the glands. Alteration of the morphogen signalling microenvironment is likely to underlie those conditions. Furthermore, genes involved in morphogen signalling pathways are found to be frequently mutated in gastric cancer. We summarise the most recent findings regarding alterations of morphogen signalling during gastric carcinogenesis, and we highlight the new stem cell technologies that are improving our understanding of the regulation of human tissue shape.
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22
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Intestinal extracellular matrix hydrogels to generate intestinal organoids for translational applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Sahm V, Maurer C, Baumeister T, Anand A, Strangmann J, Schmid RM, Wang TC, Quante M. Telomere shortening accelerates tumor initiation in the L2-IL1B mouse model of Barrett esophagus and emerges as a possible biomarker. Oncotarget 2022; 13:347-359. [PMID: 35178191 PMCID: PMC8842791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precursor of the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). BE- development and its progression to cancer is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, there is currently no molecular risk prediction model that accurately identifies patients at high risk for EAC. Here, we investigated the impact of shortened telomeres in a mouse model for Barrett esophagus (L2-IL1B). The L2-IL1B mouse model is characterized by IL-1β-mediated inflammation, which leads to a Barrett-like metaplasia in the transition zone between the squamous forestomach and glandular cardia/stomach. Telomere shortening was achieved by mTERC knockout. In the second generation (G2) of mTERC knockout L2-IL1B.mTERC−/− G2 mice exhibited telomere dysfunction with significantly shorter telomeres as measured by qFISH compared to L2-IL1B mice, correlating with stronger DNA damage in the form of phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). Macroscopically, tumor area along the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) was increased in L2-IL1B.mTERC−/− G2 mice, along with increased histopathological dysplasia. In vitro studies indicated increased organoid formation capacity in BE tissue from L2-IL1B.mTERC−/− G2 mice. In addition, pilot studies of human BE-, dysplasia- and EAC tissue samples confirmed that BE epithelial cells with or without dysplasia (LGD) had shorter telomeres compared to gastric cardia tissue. Of note, differentiated goblet cells retained longer telomeres than columnar lined BE epithelium. In conclusion, our studies suggest that shortened telomeres are functionally important for tumor development in a mouse model of BE and are associated with proliferating columnar epithelium in human BE. We propose that shortened telomeres should be evaluated further as a possible biomarker of cancer risk in BE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenz Sahm
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlo Maurer
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Akanksha Anand
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Quante
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Bozzetti V, Senger S. Organoid technologies for the study of intestinal microbiota–host interactions. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:290-303. [PMID: 35232671 PMCID: PMC8957533 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postbiotics have recently emerged as critical effectors of the activity of probiotics and, because of their safety profile, they are considered potential therapeutics for the treatment of fragile patients. Here, we present recent studies on probiotics and postbiotics in the context of novel discovery tools, such as organoids and organoid-based platforms, and nontransformed preclinical models, that can be generated from intestinal stem cells. The implementation of organoid-related techniques is the next gold standard for unraveling the effect of microbial communities on homeostasis, inflammation, idiopathic diseases, and cancer in the gut. We also summarize recent studies on biotics in organoid-based models and offer our perspective on future directions.
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25
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Challenges to, and prospects for, reverse engineering the gastrointestinal tract using organoids. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:932-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells 2022; 40:123-132. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fang HY, Stangl S, Marcazzan S, Carvalho MJB, Baumeister T, Anand A, Strangmann J, Huspenina JS, Wang TC, Schmid RM, Feith M, Friess H, Ntziachristos V, Multhoff G, Gorpas D, Quante M. Targeted Hsp70 fluorescence molecular endoscopy detects dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2049-2063. [PMID: 34882260 PMCID: PMC9016004 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been increasing for decades without significant improvements in treatment. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is best established risk factor for EAC, but current surveillance with random biopsies cannot predict progression to cancer in most BE patients due to the low sensitivity and specificity of high-definition white light endoscopy. METHODS Here, we evaluated the membrane-bound highly specific Hsp70-specific contrast agent Tumor-Penetrating Peptide (Hsp70-TPP) in guided fluorescence molecular endoscopy biopsy. RESULTS Hsp70 was significantly overexpressed as determined by IHC in dysplasia and EAC compared with non-dysplastic BE in patient samples (n = 12) and in high-grade dysplastic lesions in a transgenic (L2-IL1b) mouse model of BE. In time-lapse microscopy, Hsp70-TPP was rapidly taken up and internalized by human BE dysplastic patient-derived organoids. Flexible fluorescence endoscopy of the BE mouse model allowed a specific detection of Hsp70-TPP-Cy5.5 that corresponded closely with the degree of dysplasia but not BE. Ex vivo application of Hsp70-TPP-Cy5.5 to freshly resected whole human EAC specimens revealed a high (> 4) tumor-to-background ratio and a specific detection of previously undetected tumor infiltrations. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings suggest that Hsp70-targeted imaging using fluorescently labeled TPP peptide may improve tumor surveillance in BE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Fang
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Marcazzan
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany ,Chair of Biological Imaging, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Braz Carvalho
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Akanksha Anand
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany ,Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Feith
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, (TranslaTUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitris Gorpas
- Chair of Biological Imaging, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany ,Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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29
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Hentschel V, Seufferlein T, Armacki M. Intestinal organoids in coculture: redefining the boundaries of gut mucosa ex vivo modeling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G693-G704. [PMID: 34643092 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
All-time preservation of an intact mucosal barrier is crucial to ensuring intestinal homeostasis and, hence, the organism's overall health maintenance. This complex process relies on an equilibrated signaling system between the intestinal epithelium and numerous cell populations inhabiting the gut mucosa. Any perturbations of this delicate cross talk, particularly regarding the immune cell compartment and microbiota, may sustainably debilitate the intestinal barrier function. As a final joint event, a critical rise in epithelial permeability facilitates the exposure of submucosal immunity to microbial antigens, resulting in uncontrolled inflammation, collateral tissue destruction, and dysbiosis. Organoid-derived intestinal coculture models have established themselves as convenient tools to reenact such pathophysiological events, explore interactions between selected cell populations, and assess their roles with a central focus on intestinal barrier recovery and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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30
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Gastric Organoids: Progress and Remaining Challenges. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:19-33. [PMID: 34547535 PMCID: PMC8600088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stomach is a complex and physiologically necessary organ, yet large differences in physiology between mouse and human stomachs have impeded translation of physiological discoveries and drug screens performed using murine gastric tissues. Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health threat, with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. The heterogeneous nature of GC makes it poorly suited for current "one size fits all" standard treatments. In this review, we discuss the rapidly evolving field of gastric organoids, with a focus on studies expanding cultures from primary human tissues and describing the benefits of mouse organoid models. We introduce the differing methods for culturing healthy gastric tissue from adult tissues or pluripotent stem cells, discuss the promise these systems have for preclinical drug screens, and highlight applications of organoids for precision medicine. Finally, we discuss the limitations of these models and look to the future to present potential ways gastric organoids will advance treatment options for patients with GC.
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31
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Gómez DP, Boudreau F. Organoids and Their Use in Modeling Gut Epithelial Cell Lineage Differentiation and Barrier Properties During Intestinal Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732137. [PMID: 34485312 PMCID: PMC8414659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis is a complex process because of the multicellular and molecular composition of the gastrointestinal wall and the involvement of surrounding interactive signals. The complex nature of this intestinal barrier system poses challenges in the detailed mechanistic understanding of intestinal morphogenesis and the onset of several gut pathologies, including intestinal inflammatory disorders, food allergies, and cancer. For several years, the gut scientific community has explored different alternatives in research involving animals and in vitro models consisting of cultured monolayers derived from the immortalized or cancerous origin cell lines. The recent ability to recapitulate intestinal epithelial dynamics from mini-gut cultures has proven to be a promising step in the field of scientific research and biomedicine. The organoids can be grown as two- or three-dimensional structures, and are derived from adult or pluripotent stem cells that ultimately establish an intestinal epithelium that is composed of all differentiated cell types present in the normal epithelium. In this review, we summarize the different origins and recent use of organoids in modeling intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Pupo Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Francois Boudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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32
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Abud HE, Chan WH, Jardé T. Source and Impact of the EGF Family of Ligands on Intestinal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685665. [PMID: 34350179 PMCID: PMC8327171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) has long been known for its role in promoting proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. EGF is produced by epithelial niche cells at the base of crypts in vivo and is routinely added to the culture medium to support the growth of intestinal organoids ex vivo. The recent identification of diverse stromal cell populations that reside underneath intestinal crypts has enabled the characterization of key growth factor cues supplied by these cells. The nature of these signals and how they are delivered to drive intestinal epithelial development, daily homeostasis and tissue regeneration following injury are being investigated. It is clear that aside from EGF, other ligands of the family, including Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), have distinct roles in supporting the function of intestinal stem cells through the ErbB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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33
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Lee BR, Yang H, Lee SI, Haq I, Ock SA, Wi H, Lee HC, Lee P, Yoo JG. Robust Three-Dimensional (3D) Expansion of Bovine Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Model as a Potential Alternative to an In Vivo System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072115. [PMID: 34359243 PMCID: PMC8300217 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids offer great promise for disease-modelling-based host-pathogen interactions and nutritional research for feed efficiency measurement in livestock and regenerative medicine for therapeutic purposes. However, very limited studies are available on the functional characterisation and three-dimensional (3D) expansion of adult stem cells in livestock species compared to other species. Intestinal crypts derived from intestinal organoids under a 3D culture system from the small intestine in adult bovine were successfully established and characterised for functionality testing, including the cellular potentials and genetic properties based on immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, epithelial barrier permeability assay, QuantSeq 3' mRNA-Seq. data and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Intestinal organoids were long-term cultivated over several passages of culture without loss of the recapitulating capacity of crypts, and they had the specific expression of several specific markers involved in intestinal stem cells, intestinal epithelium, and nutrient absorption. In addition, they showed the key functionality with regard to a high permeability for compounds of up to FITC-dextran 4 kDa, while FITC-dextran 40 kDa failed to enter the organoid lumen and revealed that the genetic properties of bovine intestinal organoids were highly similar to those of in vivo. Collectively, these results provide a reliable method for efficient isolation of intestinal crypts from the small intestine and robust 3D expansion of intestinal organoids in adult bovine and demonstrate the in vitro 3D organoids mimics the in vivo tissue topology and functionality. Finally, intestinal organoids are potential alternatives to in vivo systems and will be facilitated as the practical model to replace animal experiments for various purposes in the fields of animal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-7259; Fax: +82-63-238-7297
| | - Hyeon Yang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
| | - Sang-In Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si 37224, Korea;
| | - Inamul Haq
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
| | - Hayeon Wi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
| | - Hwi-Cheul Lee
- Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea;
| | - Poongyeon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
| | - Jae-Gyu Yoo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (H.Y.); (I.H.); (S.-A.O.); (H.W.); (P.L.); (J.-G.Y.)
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34
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Idris M, Alves MM, Hofstra RMW, Mahe MM, Melotte V. Intestinal multicellular organoids to study colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188586. [PMID: 34216725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Modeling colorectal cancer (CRC) using organoids has burgeoned in the last decade, providing enhanced in vitro models to study the development and possible treatment options for this type of cancer. In this review, we describe both normal and CRC intestinal organoid models and their utility in the cancer research field. Besides highlighting studies that develop epithelial CRC organoid models, i.e. organoids without tumor microenvironment (TME) cellular components, we emphasize on the need for TME in CRC modeling, to help reduce translational disparities in this area. Also, we discuss the utilization of CRC organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells, as well as their potential to be used in cancer research. Finally, limitations and challenges in the current CRC organoids field, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Idris
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA; TENS - Inserm UMR 1235, INSERM, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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35
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Anand A, Fang HY, Mohammad-Shahi D, Ingermann J, Baumeister T, Strangmann J, Schmid RM, Wang TC, Quante M. Elimination of NF-κB signaling in Vimentin+ stromal cells attenuates tumorigenesis in a mouse model of Barrett's Esophagus. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:405-413. [PMID: 33068426 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induces Barrett's Esophagus (BE) which can advance to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and IL-8 together with activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), have been identified as important mediators of tumorigenesis. The inflammatory milieu apart from cancer cells and infiltrating immune cells contains myofibroblasts (MFs) that express aSMA and Vimentin. As we observed that increased NF-κB activation and inflammation correlates with increased MF recruitment and an accelerated phenotype we here analyze the role of NF-κB in MF during esophageal carcinogenesis in our L2-IL-1B mouse model. To analyze the effect of NF-κB signaling in MFs, we crossed L2-IL-1B mice to tamoxifen inducible Vim-Cre (Vim-CreTm) mice and floxed RelA (p65fl/fl) mice to specifically eliminate NF-κB signaling in MF (IL-1b.Vim-CreTm.p65fl/fl). The interaction of epithelial cells and stromal cells was further analyzed in mouse BE organoids and patient-derived human organoids. Histological scoring of IL-1b.Vim-CreTm.p65fl/fl mice showed a significantly attenuated phenotype compared with L2-IL-1B mice, with mild inflammation, decreased metaplasia and no dysplasia. This correlated with decreased proliferation and increased differentiation in cardia tissue of IL-1b.Vim-CreTm.p65fl/fl compared with L2-IL-1B mice. Distinct changes of cytokines and chemokines within the local microenvironment in IL-1b.Vim-CreTm.p65fl/fl mice reflected the histopathological abrogated phenotype. Co-cultured NF-κB inhibitor treated MF with mouse BE organoids demonstrated NF-κB-dependent growth and migration. MFs are essential to form an inflammatory and procarcinogenic microenvironment and NF-κB signaling in stromal cells emerges as an important driver of esophageal carcinogenesis. Our data suggest anti-inflammatory approaches as preventive strategies during surveillance of BE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Anand
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Donja Mohammad-Shahi
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Jonas Ingermann
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), München, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112657. [PMID: 34071313 PMCID: PMC8197877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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37
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Flis E, Barber G, Nulty C, Keogh B, McGuirk P, Anand A, O’Sullivan J, Quante M, Creagh EM. Identification of TLR2 Signalling Mechanisms Which Contribute to Barrett's and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Disease Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092065. [PMID: 33922955 PMCID: PMC8123271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a common type of oesophageal cancer with a rapidly rising incidence. Risk factors such as reflux, smoking, obesity and Barrett’s oesophagus cause chronic irritation and inflammation in the oesophagus. A receptor that causes inflammation, called Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), is expressed at higher levels in oesophageal cells from patients with Barrett’s and EAC, compared to disease-free patients. This study aimed to identify mechanisms involved in TLR2-mediated inflammation in oesophageal cells; and to assess whether TLR2 represents a therapeutic target to limit EAC development. Findings reveal that TLR2 activation in Barrett’s organoids and oesophageal cancer cells amplifies inflammation and promotes cancer development by causing the secretion of several inflammatory factors, most notably the nuclear protein, HMGB1. We demonstrate that TLR2 neutralisation efficiently blocks the inflammatory effects of TLR2 in these systems, revealing the therapeutic potential of TLR2 targeting to limit oesophageal disease and cancer progression. Abstract Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its only known precursor, Barrett’s oesophagus (BE). Recent studies have shown that oesophageal TLR2 levels increase from normal epithelium towards EAC. TLR2 signalling is therefore likely to be important during EAC development and progression, which requires an inflammatory microenvironment. Here, we show that, in response to TLR2 stimulation, BE organoids and early-stage EAC cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which recruit macrophages to the tumour site. Factors secreted from TLR2-stimulated EAC cells are shown to subsequently activate TLR2 on naïve macrophages, priming them for inflammasome activation and inducing their differentiation to an M2/TAM-like phenotype. We identify the endogenous TLR2 ligand, HMGB1, as the factor secreted from EAC cells responsible for the observed TLR2-mediated effects on macrophages. Our results indicate that HMGB1 signalling between EAC cells and macrophages creates an inflammatory tumour microenvironment to facilitate EAC progression. In addition to identifying HMGB1 as a potential target for early-stage EAC treatment, our data suggest that blocking TLR2 signalling represents a mechanism to limit HMGB1 release, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammation during EAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Flis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Gillian Barber
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ciara Nulty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Brian Keogh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter McGuirk
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Akanksha Anand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany; (A.A.); (M.Q.)
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Michael Quante
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany; (A.A.); (M.Q.)
| | - Emma M. Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (E.F.); (G.B.); (C.N.); (B.K.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8962539
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38
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Integrated approaches for precision oncology in colorectal cancer: The more you know, the better. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 84:199-213. [PMID: 33848627 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies accounting for approximately 10 % of worldwide cancer incidence and mortality. While early-stage CRC is mainly a preventable and curable disease, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains an unmet clinical need. Moreover, about 25 % of CRC cases are diagnosed only at the metastatic stage. Despite the extensive molecular and functional knowledge on this disease, systemic therapy for mCRC still relies on traditional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimens. On the other hand, targeted therapies and immunotherapy have shown effectiveness only in a limited subset of patients. For these reasons, there is a growing need to define the molecular and biological landscape of individual patients to implement novel, rationally driven, tailored therapies. In this review, we explore current and emerging approaches for CRC management such as genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, the use of liquid biopsies and the implementation of patients' preclinical avatars. In particular, we discuss the contribution of each of these tools in elucidating patient specific features, with the aim of improving our ability in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors.
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39
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Malijauskaite S, Connolly S, Newport D, McGourty K. Gradients in the in vivo intestinal stem cell compartment and their in vitro recapitulation in mimetic platforms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:76-88. [PMID: 33858768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal tissue, and specifically its mucosal layer, is a complex and gradient-rich environment. Gradients of soluble factor (BMP, Noggin, Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt), insoluble extracellular matrix proteins (laminins, collagens, fibronectin, and their cognate receptors), stromal stiffness, oxygenation, and sheer stress induced by luminal fluid flow at the crypt-villus axis controls and supports healthy intestinal tissue homeostasis. However, due to current technological challenges, very few of these features have so far been included in in vitro intestinal tissue mimetic platforms. In this review, the tightly defined and dynamic microenvironment of the intestinal tissue is presented in detail. Additionally, the authors introduce the current state-of-the-art intestinal tissue mimetic platforms, as well as the design drawbacks and challenges they face while attempting to capture the complexity of the intestinal tissue's physiology. Finally, the compositions of an "idealized" mimetic system is presented to guide future developmental efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Malijauskaite
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Connolly
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - David Newport
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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40
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Gaillard D, Barlow LA. A Mechanistic Overview of Taste Bud Maintenance and Impairment in Cancer Therapies. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6161548. [PMID: 33693542 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 20th century, progress in cancer therapies has significantly improved disease prognosis. Nonetheless, cancer treatments are often associated with side effects that can negatively affect patient well-being and disrupt the course of treatment. Among the main side effects, taste impairment is associated with depression, malnutrition, and morbid weight loss. Although relatively common, taste disruption associated with cancer therapies remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms underlying taste maintenance and disruption in the context of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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41
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Kunze B, Middelhoff M, Maurer HC, Agibalova T, Anand A, Bührer AM, Fang HY, Baumeister T, Steiger K, Strangmann J, Schmid RM, Wang TC, Quante M. Notch signaling drives development of Barrett's metaplasia from Dclk1-positive epithelial tuft cells in the murine gastric mucosa. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4509. [PMID: 33627749 PMCID: PMC7904766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but its cellular origin and mechanism of neoplastic progression remain unresolved. Notch signaling, which plays a key role in regulating intestinal stem cell maintenance, has been implicated in a number of cancers. The kinase Dclk1 labels epithelial post-mitotic tuft cells at the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ), and has also been proposed to contribute to epithelial tumor growth. Here, we find that genetic activation of intracellular Notch signaling in epithelial Dclk1-positive tuft cells resulted in the accelerated development of metaplasia and dysplasia in a mouse model of BE (pL2.Dclk1.N2IC mice). In contrast, genetic ablation of Notch receptor 2 in Dclk1-positive cells delayed BE progression (pL2.Dclk1.N2fl mice), and led to increased secretory cell differentiation. The accelerated BE progression in pL2.Dclk1.N2IC mice correlated with changes to the transcriptomic landscape, most notably for the activation of oncogenic, proliferative pathways in BE tissues, in contrast to upregulated Wnt signalling in pL2.Dclk1.N2fl mice. Collectively, our data show that Notch activation in Dclk1-positive tuft cells in the gastric cardia can contribute to BE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kunze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Agibalova
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Akanksha Anand
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Bührer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Baumeister
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Strangmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastrointestinale Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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42
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43
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Hunt PJ, Andújar FN, Silverman DA, Amit M. Mini-review: Trophic interactions between cancer cells and primary afferent neurons. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135658. [PMID: 33482305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer neurobiology is an emerging discipline that inevitably unfurls new perspectives in oncology. The role that nerves play in cancer progression resonates with the long-reported dependency of tumors on neuro-molecular mechanisms that remain insufficiently elucidated. Whereas interactions between neurotrophic growth factors and receptors have been heavily studied in the nervous system, their expression in cancers and their impact on tumor cell growth and metastasis through their corresponding signaling pathways has been undervalued. Accumulating evidence suggests that trophic factors released by nerves strongly influence tumor development and that this neural contribution appears to not only play a stimulatory role but also function as an essential part of the tumor's microenvironment. This bidirectional communication between proliferating cells and tumor-infiltrating nerves drives axonogenesis and tumor growth and migration. Acquiring a better understanding of the trophic interactions between primary afferent neurons and invading tumors will guide clinically actionable strategies to prevent tumor-associated axonogenesis, disrupting the chemical crosstalk between neurons and tumors and ultimately decreasing tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Hunt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Fabiola N Andújar
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deborah A Silverman
- University of Texas Medical Scientist Training Program at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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44
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O'Connell L, Winter DC, Aherne CM. The Role of Organoids as a Novel Platform for Modeling of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:624045. [PMID: 33681101 PMCID: PMC7925404 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.624045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting immune-mediated disorder affecting the gut. It is common in Westernized regions and is increasing in incidence in developing countries. At a molecular level, intrinsic deficiencies in epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, and mechanisms of immune response and resolution contribute to the development of IBD. Traditionally two platforms have been utilized for disease modeling of IBD; in-vitro monolayer cell culture and in-vivo animal models. Both models have limitations, including cost, lack of representative cell types, lack of complexity of cellular interactions in a living organism, and xenogeneity. Organoids, three-dimensional cellular structures which recapitulate the basic architecture and functional processes of the organ of origin, hold potential as a third platform with which to investigate the pathogenesis and molecular defects which give rise to IBD. Organoids retain the genetic and transcriptomic profile of the tissue of origin over time and unlike monolayer cell culture can be induced to differentiate into most adult intestinal cell types. They may be used to model intestinal host-microbe interactions occurring at the mucosal barrier, are amenable to genetic manipulation and can be co-cultured with other cell lines of interest. Bioengineering approaches may be applied to render a more faithful representation of the intestinal epithelial niche. In this review, we outline the concept of intestinal organoids, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform comparative to alternative models, and describe the translational applications of organoids in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Connell
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincents' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Levin DE, Mandal A, Fleming MA, Bae KH, Gerry B, Moore SR. Intestinal crypt-derived enteroid coculture in presence of peristaltic longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus. Biol Methods Protoc 2020; 6:bpaa027. [PMID: 33628947 PMCID: PMC7891127 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of enteric neurons in driving intestinal peristalsis has been known for over a century. However, in recent decades, scientists have begun to unravel additional complex interactions between this nerve plexus and other cell populations in the intestine. Investigations into these potential interactions are complicated by a paucity of tractable models of these cellular relationships. Here, we describe a novel technique for ex vivo coculture of enteroids, so called “mini-guts,” in juxtaposition to the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (LMMP). Key to this system, we developed a LMMP culture media that: (i) allows the LMMP to maintain ex vivo peristalsis for 2 weeks along with proliferation of neurons, glia, smooth muscle and fibroblast cells, and (ii) supports the proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal stem cells into enteroids complete with epithelial enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells. Importantly, this technique identifies a culture condition that supports both the metabolic needs of intestinal epithelium as well as neuronal elements, demonstrating the feasibility of maintaining these two populations in a single culture system. This sets the stage for experiments to better define the regulatory interactions of these two important intestinal cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Levin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arabinda Mandal
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mark A Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Katherine H Bae
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brielle Gerry
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sean R Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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46
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Poletti M, Arnauts K, Ferrante M, Korcsmaros T. Organoid-based Models to Study the Role of Host-microbiota Interactions in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:1222-1235. [PMID: 33341879 PMCID: PMC8256633 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota appears to play a central role in health, and alterations in the gut microbiota are observed in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Yet, the mechanisms behind host-microbiota interactions in IBD, especially at the intestinal epithelial cell level, are not yet fully understood. Dissecting the role of host-microbiota interactions in disease onset and progression is pivotal, and requires representative models mimicking the gastrointestinal ecosystem, including the intestinal epithelium, the gut microbiota, and immune cells. New advancements in organoid microfluidics technology are facilitating the study of IBD-related microbial-epithelial cross-talk, and the discovery of novel microbial therapies. Here, we review different organoid-based ex vivo models that are currently available, and benchmark their suitability and limitations for specific research questions. Organoid applications, such as patient-derived organoid biobanks for microbial screening and 'omics technologies, are discussed, highlighting their potential to gain better mechanistic insights into disease mechanisms and eventually allow personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Poletti
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven [SCIL], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing [CHROMETA], Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Corresponding author: Marc Ferrante, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Tel.: +32 16 344225;
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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47
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Lessons from the Embryo: an Unrejected Transplant and a Benign Tumor. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:850-861. [PMID: 33225425 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is regarded the 'miracle of life', yet numerous aspects of this process are not fully understood. As the embryo grows in the mother's womb, immune components, stem cells and microenvironmental cues cooperate among others to promote embryonic development. Evidently, these key players are frequently associated with transplantation failure and tumor growth. While the fields of transplantation and cancer biology do not overlap, both can be viewed from the perspective of an embryo. As an 'unrejected transplant' and a 'benign tumor', lessons from embryonic development may reveal features of transplants and tumors that have been overlooked. Therefore, eavesdropping at these natural complex events during pregnancy may inspire more durable approaches to arrest transplant rejection or cancer progression.
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48
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Nalluri H, Subramanian S, Staley C. Intestinal organoids: a model to study the role of microbiota in the colonic tumor microenvironment. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1583-1594. [PMID: 33215543 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that a dysbiotic shift in the intestinal microbial composition of CRC patients influences tumorigenesis. Gut microbes are known to be integral for intestinal homeostasis; however, the mechanisms by which they impact CRC are unclear. Further knowledge about these complex interactions may guide future CRC management. Thus, it is crucial to establish high-quality experimental models to understand the relationship between host, tumor, microbiota and their metabolic interactions. In this review, we highlight the significance of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in CRC, challenges with current experimental models, advantages and limitations of organoid culture and future directions of this novel model system in CRC-associated microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Nalluri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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49
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Demir IE, Reyes CM, Alrawashdeh W, Ceyhan GO, Deborde S, Friess H, Görgülü K, Istvanffy R, Jungwirth D, Kuner R, Maryanovich M, Na'ara S, Renders S, Saloman JL, Scheff NN, Steenfadt H, Stupakov P, Thiel V, Verma D, Yilmaz BS, White RA, Wang TC, Wong RJ, Frenette PS, Gil Z, Davis BM. Future directions in preclinical and translational cancer neuroscience research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:1027-1031. [PMID: 34327335 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer neuroscience necessitate the systematic analysis of neural influences in cancer as potential therapeutic targets in oncology. Here, we outline recommendations for future preclinical and translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Mota Reyes
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Wasfi Alrawashdeh
- Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Department of General Surgery, HPB-Unit, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sylvie Deborde
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Kıvanç Görgülü
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Rouzanna Istvanffy
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - David Jungwirth
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shorook Na'ara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and the Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jami L Saloman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole N Scheff
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hendrik Steenfadt
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Pavel Stupakov
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Thiel
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Divij Verma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bengi Su Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany.,CRC 1321 Modelling and Targeting Pancreatic Cancer, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth A White
- Division of Hematology ad Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ziv Gil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and the Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Brian M Davis
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research and, Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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50
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Van Zundert I, Fortuni B, Rocha S. From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models-The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33187231 PMCID: PMC7696259 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant advances, well-designed nanoparticles rarely reach the clinical stage. Promising results obtained in standard 2D cell culture systems often turn into disappointing outcomes in in vivo models. Although the overall majority of in vitro nanoparticle research is still performed on 2D monolayer cultures, more and more researchers started acknowledging the importance of using 3D cell culture systems, as better models for mimicking the in vivo tumor physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D cancer cell models currently available. We highlight their potential as a platform for drug delivery studies and pinpoint the challenges associated with their use. We discuss in which way each 3D model mimics the in vivo tumor physiology, how they can or have been used in nanomedicine research and to what extent the results obtained so far affect the progress of nanomedicine development. It is of note that the global scientific output associated with 3D models is limited, showing that the use of these systems in nanomedicine investigation is still highly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Susana Rocha
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
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