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Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
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2
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Kawatani K, Holm ML, Starling SC, Martens YA, Zhao J, Lu W, Ren Y, Li Z, Jiang P, Jiang Y, Baker SK, Wang N, Roy B, Parsons TM, Perkerson RB, Bao H, Han X, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. ABCA7 deficiency causes neuronal dysregulation by altering mitochondrial lipid metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:809-819. [PMID: 38135757 PMCID: PMC11153016 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ABCA7 loss-of-function variants are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using ABCA7 knockout human iPSC models generated with CRISPR/Cas9, we investigated the impacts of ABCA7 deficiency on neuronal metabolism and function. Lipidomics revealed that mitochondria-related phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin were reduced in the ABCA7-deficient iPSC-derived cortical organoids. Consistently, ABCA7 deficiency-induced alterations of mitochondrial morphology accompanied by reduced ATP synthase activity and exacerbated oxidative damage in the organoids. Furthermore, ABCA7-deficient iPSC-derived neurons showed compromised mitochondrial respiration and excess ROS generation, as well as enlarged mitochondrial morphology compared to the isogenic controls. ABCA7 deficiency also decreased spontaneous synaptic firing and network formation in iPSC-derived neurons, in which the effects were rescued by supplementation with phosphatidylglycerol or NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide. Importantly, effects of ABCA7 deficiency on mitochondria morphology and synapses were recapitulated in synaptosomes isolated from the brain of neuron-specific Abca7 knockout mice. Together, our results provide evidence that ABCA7 loss-of-function contributes to AD risk by modulating mitochondria lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kawatani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Holm
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Skylar C Starling
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yuka A Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- SciNeuro Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Peizhou Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yangying Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Samantha K Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tammee M Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ralph B Perkerson
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hanmei Bao
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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3
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Chen TH, Wang HC, Chang CJ, Lee SY. Mitochondrial Glutathione in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Disease Manifestation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1314. [PMID: 38279310 PMCID: PMC10816320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for providing energy to maintain cell viability. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons from energy substrates to oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria also regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and deterioration. The flow of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to cells at high levels. Oxidative stress caused by ROS accumulation has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant cellular antioxidant that is primarily synthesized in the cytoplasm and delivered to the mitochondria. Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) metabolizes hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondria. A long-term imbalance in the ratio of mitochondrial ROS to mGSH can cause cell dysfunction, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which may lead to disease. This study aimed to review the physiological functions, anabolism, variations in organ tissue accumulation, and delivery of GSH to the mitochondria and the relationships between mGSH levels, the GSH/GSH disulfide (GSSG) ratio, programmed cell death, and ferroptosis. We also discuss diseases caused by mGSH deficiency and related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Jung Chang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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4
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Kushnireva L, Segal M, Korkotian E. Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons Exposed to the Mitochondrial Uncoupler Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone Undergo a Rapid, Presenilin-Dependent Change in Neuronal Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:578. [PMID: 38203751 PMCID: PMC10779238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) is a transmembrane proteolytic subunit of γ-secretase that cleaves amyloid precursor proteins. Mutations in PS1 (mPS1) are associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). The link between mutated PS1, mitochondrial calcium regulation, and AD has been studied extensively in different test systems. Despite the wide-ranging role of mPS1 in AD, there is a paucity of information on the link between PS1 and neuronal cell death, a hallmark of AD. In the present study, we employed the selective mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and compared the reactivity of mPS1-transfected cultured rat hippocampal neurons with PS1 and control neurons in a situation of impaired mitochondrial functions. CCCP causes a slow rise in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in all three groups of neurons, with the mPS1 neurons demonstrating a faster rise. Consequently, mPS1 neurons were depolarized by CCCP and measured with TMRM, a mitochondrial voltage indicator, more than the other two groups. Morphologically, CCCP produced more filopodia in mPS1 neurons than in the other two groups, which were similarly affected by the drug. Finally, mPS1 transfected neurons tended to die from prolonged exposure to CCCP sooner than the other groups, indicating an increase in vulnerability associated with a lower ability to regulate excess cytosolic calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Kushnireva
- Faculty of Biology, Perm State University, 614068 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Brain Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Brain Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
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5
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Kulig K, Bednaruk K, Rudolphi-Szydło E, Barbasz A, Wronowska E, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Karnas E, Pyza E, Zuba-Surma E, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Stress Conditions Affect the Immunomodulatory Potential of Candida albicans Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Cytokine Release by THP-1 Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17179. [PMID: 38139005 PMCID: PMC10742962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immune cells possess the ability to react complexly and effectively after contact with microbial virulence factors, including those transported in cell-derived structures of nanometer sizes termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are produced by organisms of all kingdoms, including fungi pathogenic to humans. In this work, the immunomodulatory properties of EVs produced under oxidative stress conditions or at host concentrations of CO2 by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans were investigated. The interaction of EVs with human pro-monocytes of the U-937 cell line was established, and the most notable effect was attributed to oxidative stress-related EVs. The immunomodulatory potential of tested EVs against human THP-1 macrophages was verified using cytotoxicity assay, ROS-production assay, and the measurement of cytokine production. All fungal EVs tested did not show a significant cytotoxic effect on THP-1 cells, although a slight pro-oxidative impact was indicated for EVs released by C. albicans cells grown under oxidative stress. Furthermore, for all tested types of EVs, the pro-inflammatory properties related to increased IL-8 and TNF-α production and decreased IL-10 secretion were demonstrated, with the most significant effect observed for EVs released under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bednaruk
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Rudolphi-Szydło
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Barbasz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wronowska
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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6
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Faizan M, Jahan I, Ishaq M, Alhalmi A, Khan R, Noman OM, Hasson S, Mothana RA. Neuroprotective effects of trigonelline in kainic acid-induced epilepsy: Behavioral, biochemical, and functional insights. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101843. [PMID: 37961069 PMCID: PMC10638067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigonelline, an alkaloid found in the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), has been recognized for its potential in treating various diseases. Notably, trigonelline has demonstrated a neuroprotective impact by reducing intrasynaptosomal calcium levels, inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulating cytokines. Kainic acid, an agonist of kainic acid receptors, is utilized for inducing temporal lobe epilepsy and is a common choice for establishing kainic acid-induced status epilepticus, a widely used epileptic model. The neuroprotective effect of trigonelline in the context of kainic acid-induced epilepsy remains unexplored. This study aimed to induce epilepsy by administering kainic acid (10 mg/kg, single subcutaneous dose) and subsequently evaluate the potential anti-epileptic effect of trigonelline (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration for 14 days). Ethosuccimide (ETX) (187.5 mg/kg) served as the standard drug for comparison. The anti-epileptic effect of trigonelline over a 14-day administration period was examined. Behavioral assessments, such as the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, Open Field Test (OFT), and Plus Maze tests, were conducted 2 h after kainic acid administration to investigate spatial and non-spatial acquisition abilities in rats. Additionally, biochemical analysis encompassing intrasynaptosomal calcium levels, LDH activity, serotonin levels, oxidative indicators, and inflammatory cytokines associated with inflammation were evaluated. Trigonelline exhibited significant behavioral improvements by reducing anxiety in open field and plus maze tests, along with an amelioration of memory impairment. Notably, trigonelline substantially lowered intrasynaptosomal calcium levels and LDH activity, indicating its neuroprotective effect by mitigating cytotoxicity and neuronal injury within the hippocampus tissue. Moreover, trigonelline demonstrated a remarkable reduction in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators. In summary, this study underscores the potential of trigonelline as an anti-epileptic agent in the context of kainic acid-induced epilepsy. The compound exhibited beneficial effects on behavior, neuroprotection, and inflammation, shedding light on its therapeutic promise for epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Iram Jahan
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ishaq
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidgi Hasson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nur S, Setiawan H, Hanafi M, Elya B. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Studies and Biological Activity of Curculigo latifolia Plant Organs for Natural Skin-Whitening Compound Candidate. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:5785259. [PMID: 37829602 PMCID: PMC10567512 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5785259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Curculigo latifolia (family Amaryllidaceae) is used empirically for medicinal purposes. It is distributed throughout Asian countries, especially Indonesia. This study aimed at standardizing the C. latifolia plant, analyzing its phytochemical profile, and evaluating its pharmacological effects. The powder from each organ (root, stem, and leaves) was standardized organoleptically and microscopically. Samples were extracted by graded maceration using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extracts were determined for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant (radical scavenging and metal ion reduction) and antityrosinase activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were analysed for phytochemical profiles by LC-ESI-MS. The highest TPC and TFC were found in the ethanolic extract of the root organ (68.63 ± 2.97 mg GAE/g) and the ethyl acetate extract of the stem (14.33 ± 0.71 mg QE/g extract). High antioxidant activities were found in the ethanolic root extract (20.42 ± 0.33 µg/mL) and ethanolic stem extract (45.65 ± 0.77 µg/mL) by DPPH• and NO• assays, respectively. The ion reduction activity (by CUPRAC assay) was most significant in the ethyl acetate stem extract (390.42 ± 14.49 µmol GAEAC/g extract). Ethanolic root extract was the most active in inhibiting tyrosinase (IC50 value of 108.5 µg/mL). The correlation matrix between TPC and antioxidant activities showed a moderate to robust correlation, whereas the TPC and antityrosinase activity showed a robust correlation. The TFC and antioxidant or antityrosinase activities showed a weak to moderate correlation. The LC-ESI-MS data identified major phenols in the active extracts, including methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoate, quercetin, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid-1, and curculigoside. Overall, this study suggests that extracts from the C. latifolia plant offer potent antioxidant and antityrosinase activities, allowing them to be used as natural antioxidants and candidates for skin-lightening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamsu Nur
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Almarisah Madani University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heri Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Indonesian Institute of Sciences (National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)), Jakarta 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Berna Elya
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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8
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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9
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Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Alshamrani S, Alshahrani MM, Almasoudi HH, Basharat Z. Molecular Mimicry Mapping in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cues for Autoimmune Disorders and Implications for Immune Defense Activation. Pathogens 2023; 12:857. [PMID: 37513704 PMCID: PMC10383125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to a range of infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, and sepsis. Infections by this bacterium have been associated with the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, which, in turn, may contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to investigate the potential for S. pneumoniae to incite autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. We identified 13 S. pneumoniae proteins that have significant sequence similarity to human proteins, with 11 of them linked to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Using in silico tools, we predicted the sequence as well as the structural homology among these proteins. Database mining was conducted to establish links between these proteins and autoimmune disorders. The antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic sequence mimics were employed to design and validate an immune response via vaccine construct design. Mimic-based vaccine construct can prove effective for immunization against the S. pneumoniae infections. Immune response simulation and binding affinity was assessed through the docking of construct C8 to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and TLR4 receptor, with promising results. Additionally, these mimics were mapped as conserved regions on their respective proteins, suggesting their functional importance in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. This study highlights the potential for S. pneumoniae to trigger autoimmunity via molecular mimicry and the possibility of vaccine design using these mimics for triggering defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Kruglov AG. Regulation of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening by Monovalent Cations in Liver Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119237. [PMID: 37298189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP) in mitochondria is a key event in the initiation of cell death in various pathologic states, including ischemia/reperfusion. The activation of K+ transport into mitochondria protects cells from ischemia/reperfusion. However, the role of K+ transport in PTP regulation is unclear. Here, we studied the role of K+ and other monovalent cations in the regulation of the PTP opening in an in vitro model. The registration of the PTP opening, membrane potential, Ca2+-retention capacity, matrix pH, and K+ transport was performed using standard spectral and electrode techniques. We found that the presence of all cations tested in the medium (K+, Na+, choline+, and Li+) strongly stimulated the PTP opening compared with sucrose. Several possible reasons for this were examined: the effect of ionic strength, the influx of cations through selective and non-selective channels and exchangers, the suppression of Ca2+/H+ exchange, and the influx of anions. The data obtained indicate that the mechanism of PTP stimulation by cations includes the suppression of K+/H+ exchange and acidification of the matrix, which facilitates the influx of phosphate. Thus, the K+/H+ exchanger and the phosphate carrier together with selective K+ channels compose a PTP regulatory triad, which might operate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
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11
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ATP synthase interactome analysis identifies a new subunit l as a modulator of permeability transition pore in yeast. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3839. [PMID: 36882574 PMCID: PMC9992712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase, an enzyme that synthesizes ATP and is involved in the formation of the mitochondrial mega-channel and permeability transition, is a multi-subunit complex. In S. cerevisiae, the uncharacterized protein Mco10 was previously found to be associated with ATP synthase and referred as a new 'subunit l'. However, recent cryo-EM structures could not ascertain Mco10 with the enzyme making questionable its role as a structural subunit. The N-terminal part of Mco10 is very similar to k/Atp19 subunit, which along with subunits g/Atp20 and e/Atp21 plays a major role in stabilization of the ATP synthase dimers. In our effort to confidently define the small protein interactome of ATP synthase we found Mco10. We herein investigate the impact of Mco10 on ATP synthase functioning. Biochemical analysis reveal in spite of similarity in sequence and evolutionary lineage, that Mco10 and Atp19 differ significantly in function. The Mco10 is an auxiliary ATP synthase subunit that only functions in permeability transition.
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12
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Pontes MPD, Khatlab ADS, Del Vesco AP, Granzoto GH, Soares MAM, Sousa FCBD, Souza MLRD, Gasparino E. The effect of light regime and time of slaughter in broiler on broiler performance, liver antioxidant status, and expression of genes related to peptide absorption in the jejunum and melatonin synthesis in the brain. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:607-620. [PMID: 35403251 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of light regime and time of slaughter on primal cut and organ weights, peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) gene expression in the jejunum, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) gene expression in the brain, and liver oxidant/antioxidant status in broilers aged 37 days. The experiment was conducted in a factorial completely randomized design, with two light regimes (intermittent light varying according to bird age and continuous light under an 18 h light/6 h dark photoperiod) and four times of slaughter (2:00, 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 h). There was an interaction effect on PEPT1 and AANAT expression, lipid and protein oxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In both light regimes, PEPT1 expression responded cubically to slaughter time. In the continuous light group, PEPT1 expression was highest in birds slaughtered at 2:00 and 14:00 h, whereas, in the intermittent light treatment, expression was highest at 8:00 h. In the continuous light regime, AANAT expression had a cubic relationship with time of slaughter, with the greatest values recorded at 20:00 h. In the intermittent light regime, slaughter time showed a cubic effect on lipid oxidation, which was highest at 8:00 h. In the continuous light group, there was a cubic effect on nitrite concentration, lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, and SOD activity; nitrite levels, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation were highest and SOD activity was lowest in birds slaughtered at 14:00 h. Time of slaughter influenced catalase activity, which responded cubically; catalase activity was lowest at 8:00 and 14:00 h. This study is the first to demonstrate that PEPT1 expression in the jejunum of broilers follows a diurnal rhythm and varies according to light regime. The results also suggest that mainly continuous lighting and slaughter at 14:00 h when the animals are possibly more active may be more stressful to broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Pires de Pontes
- Graduate Program in Environmental Biotechnology, State University of Maringá, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angélica de Souza Khatlab
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Del Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Amélia Menck Soares
- Department of Genetics, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliane Gasparino
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Singh V. F 1F o adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase is a potential drug target in non-communicable diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3849-3862. [PMID: 36715790 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
F1Fo adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, also known as the complex V, is the central ATP-producing unit in the cells arranged in the mitochondrial and plasma membranes. F1Fo ATP synthase also regulates the central metabolic processes in the human body driven by proton motive force (Δp). Numerous studies have immensely contributed toward highlighting its regulation in improving energy homeostasis and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, which otherwise gets compromised in illnesses. Yet, its role in the implication of non-communicable diseases remains unknown. F1Fo ATP synthase dysregulation at gene level leads to reduced activity and delocalization in the cristae and plasma membranes, which is directly associated with non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and renal diseases. Individual subunits of the F1Fo ATP synthase target ligand-based competitive or non-competitive inhibition. After performing a systematic literature review to understand its specific functions and its novel drug targets, the present article focuses on the central role of F1Fo ATP synthase in primary non-communicable diseases. Next, it discusses its involvement through various pathways and the effects of multiple inhibitors, activators, and modulators specific to non-communicable diseases with a futuristic outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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14
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Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity: Profile of Mitochondrial Function and Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010165. [PMID: 36671026 PMCID: PMC9854635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are health problems of increasing prevalence in developed countries. The link between obesity and hypertension is not yet fully determined. Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial function may play a role in obesity-associated hypertension. A cross-sectional study with 175 subjects with normal weight, overweight, or obese who attended a medical check-up was included. The subjects were divided according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal-weight (n-53), overweight (n-84), and obesity (n-38). Hypertension was also evaluated. To measure mitochondrial function, ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis in platelets and serum, respectively, were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipohydroperoxides, 8-isoprostanes, carbonyl groups in proteins, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHG), 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by standard colorimetric or immunoassay methods. Obese subjects showed lower ATP hydrolysis activity than normal weight and overweight subjects (p < 0.01). No differences between those groups were found in ATP synthase and catalase activities, lipid hydroperoxides, carbonyl groups in proteins, 8-isoprostanes, and NO metabolites. In the obesity group, SOD activity (p < 0.01) was decreased while 8-OHG (p < 0.01) was increased. Subjects with hypertension showed increased 8-OHG (p < 0.01) and less reparative enzyme (hOGG1 p = 0.04) than subjects with normal weight. Moreover, we found a decrease of SOD (p < 0.01), catalase activities (p = 0.04), NO metabolites (p < 0.01), and increases of carbonyl groups in proteins (p = 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.01) and IL-6 (p < 0.01 in hypertensive subjects. Obese subjects show a decrease in ATP hydrolysis. The decrease in ATP hydrolysis rate and ATP synthesis and an increase in OS and inflammation markers were associated with the hypertensive state.
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15
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Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Stem Cells, Development, and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:1-22. [PMID: 35739412 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a process that permits rapid exchange of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and thus plays a vital role in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling. Formation of the pore that mediates this flux is well-documented in injury and disease but its regulation has also emerged as critical to the fate of stem cells during embryonic development. The precise molecular composition of the mPTP has been enigmatic, with far more genetic studies eliminating molecular candidates than confirming them. Rigorous studies in the recent decade have implicated central involvement of the F1Fo ATP synthase, or complex V of the electron transport chain, and continue to confirm a regulatory role for Cyclophilin D (CypD), encoded by Ppif, in modulating the sensitivity of the pore to opening. A host of endogenous molecules have been shown to trigger flux characteristic of mPT, including positive regulators such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, inorganic phosphate, and fatty acids. Conductance of the pore has been described as low or high, and reversibility of pore opening appears to correspond with the relative abundance of negative regulators of mPT such as adenine nucleotides, hydrogen ion, and divalent cations that compete for calcium-binding sites in the mPTP. Current models suggest that distinct pores could be responsible for differing reversibility and conductance depending upon cellular context. Indeed, irreversible propagation of mPT inevitably leads to collapse of transmembrane potential, arrest of ATP synthesis, mitochondrial swelling, and cell death. Future studies should clarify ambiguities in mPTP structure and reveal new roles for mPT in dictating specialized cellular functions beyond cell survival that are tied to mitochondrial fitness including stem cell self-renewal and fate. The focus of this review is to describe contemporary models of the mPTP and highlight how pore activity impacts stem cells and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Park HA, Brown SR, Jansen J, Dunn T, Scott M, Mnatsakanyan N, Jonas EA, Kim Y. Fluid shear stress enhances proliferation of breast cancer cells via downregulation of the c-subunit of the F 1F O ATP synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:173-180. [PMID: 36209586 PMCID: PMC10024463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of circulating cancer cells in the bloodstream is positively correlated with metastasis. We hypothesize that fluid shear stress (FSS) occurring during circulation alters mitochondrial function, enhancing metastatic behaviors of cancer cells. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells subjected to FSS exponentially increased proliferation. Notably, FSS-treated cells consumed more oxygen but were resistant to uncoupler-mediated ATP loss. We found that exposure to FSS downregulated the F1FO ATP synthase c-subunit and overexpression of the c-subunit arrested cancer cell migration. Approaches that regulate c-subunit abundance may reduce the likelihood of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Spenser R Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Joseph Jansen
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Tracie Dunn
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Madison Scott
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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17
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Chen TH, Koh KY, Lin KMC, Chou CK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as an Underlying Cause of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12926. [PMID: 36361713 PMCID: PMC9653750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an important energy source in skeletal muscle. A main function of mitochondria is the generation of ATP for energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial defects or abnormalities can lead to muscle disease or multisystem disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by defective mitochondrial OXPHOS, mtDNA mutations, Ca2+ imbalances, mitochondrial-related proteins, mitochondrial chaperone proteins, and ultrastructural defects. In addition, an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, lysosomal dysfunction due to insufficient biosynthesis, and/or defects in mitophagy can result in mitochondrial damage. In this review, we explore the association between impaired mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for more research to determine the specific clinical benefits of mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Yean Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Kuang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Obesity Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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18
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Abeysekera WPKM, Premakumara GAS, Ratnasooriya WD, Abeysekera WKSM. Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antilipidemic properties: novel bioactivities of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) leaf. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 36195907 PMCID: PMC9531470 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The leaf of Ceylon cinnamon (true cinnamon) is traditionally claimed for a variety of health benefits. However, reported scientific information is scanty and needs urgent attention for value addition. Methods Ethanolic (95%) and Dichloromethane:Methanol (DM, 1:1 v/v) leaf extracts of Ceylon cinnamon were evaluated for a range of medically important bioactivities namely anti-inflammatory [nitric oxide scavenging activity (NOSA), superoxide scavenging activity (SCA), COX1 and COX2 inhibition], growth inhibition & cytotoxicity against MCF7, HePG2 and AN3CA carcinoma cell lines, glutathionase-S-transferase (GST) inhibition and antilipidemic (anti-HMG-CoA reductase, anti-lipase, anti-cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization inhibition) properties in vitro (n = 3). Further, a range of bioactive compounds in both leaf extracts was also quantified (n = 3). Results Both leaf extracts had all the investigated bioactive compounds and possessed moderately potent bioactivities compared to the reference drugs used in the study. Ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) exhibited the highest activities (IC50: μg/mL) for NOSA (40.26 ± 0.52), SCA (696.24 ± 40.02), cholesterol esterase inhibition (110.19 ± 1.55), cholesterol micellization inhibition (616.69 ± 7.09), GST inhibition (403.78 ± 2.70) and growth inhibition (GI50: 144.84 ± 1.59-269.00 ± 0.51) & cytotoxicity (LC50: 355.44 ± 9.38-717.71 ± 23.69) against studied cancer cell lines. In contrast, COX1 & COX2 (IC50: 6.62 ± 0.85 and 44.91 ± 3.06 μg/mL) and HMG-CoA reductase & lipase inhibitory activities (36.72 ± 4.74 and 19.71 ± 0.97% inhibition at 200 and 600 μg/mL) were highest in DM extract. ELE also showed the highest quantities (0.81 ± 0.06-104.38 ± 1.79) of tested compounds (mg/g extract) where eugenol was the highest and gallic acid was the lowest among quantified. Conclusion Both leaf extracts of Ceylon cinnamon had all the tested bioactive compounds and possess all the investigated bioactivities. This is the 1st study to report all the investigated bioactivities of the leaf of Ceylon Cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanigasekera Daya Ratnasooriya
- grid.8065.b0000000121828067Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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19
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Molina-Hernandez JB, Capelli F, Laurita R, Tappi S, Laika J, Gioia L, Valbonetti L, Chaves-López C. A comparative study on the antifungal efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma at low and high surface density on Aspergillus chevalieri and mechanisms of action. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Alsharabasy AM, Glynn S, Farràs P, Pandit A. Interactions between Nitric Oxide and Hyaluronan Implicate the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3621-3647. [PMID: 35921128 PMCID: PMC9472231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nitric oxide (•NO) is one of the prominent
free
radicals, playing a pivotal role in breast cancer progression. Hyaluronic
acid (HA) plays an essential role in neutralizing free radicals in
tumor tissues. However, its interactions with nitric oxide have not
been thoroughly investigated. Hence, this study attempts to understand
the mechanism of these interactions and the different effects on the
intracellular •NO levels and migration of breast
cancer cells. The affinity of HA to scavenge •NO
was investigated alongside the accompanying changes in specific physico-chemical
properties and the further effects on the •NO-induced
attachment and migration of the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231
and HCC1806. The reaction of the nitrogen dioxide radical, formed
via •NO/O2 interactions, with HA initiated
a series of oxidative reactions, which, in the presence of •NO, induce the fragmentation of the polymeric chains. Furthermore,
these interactions were found to hinder the NO-induced migration of
cancer cells. However, the NO-induced HA modification/fragmentation
was inhibited in the presence of hemin, a NO-scavenging compound.
Collectively, these results help toward understanding the involvement
of HA in the •NO-induced cell migration and suggest
the possible modification of HA, used as one of the main materials
in different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Sharon Glynn
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.,Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
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21
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Sato A, Shiraishi Y, Kimura T, Osaki A, Kagami K, Ido Y, Adachi T. Resistance to Obesity in SOD1 Deficient Mice with a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071403. [PMID: 35883894 PMCID: PMC9312060 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is an important condition because it may cause stroke and heart disease in the future. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) influence the pathogenesis of Mets; however, the types of ROSs and their localization remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of SOD1, which localize to the cytoplasm and mitochondrial intermembrane space and metabolize superoxide anion, on Mets using SOD1 deficient mice (SOD1−/−). SOD1−/− fed on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) for 24 weeks showed reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue size compared to wild-type mice (WT). Insulin secretion was dramatically decreased in SOD1−/− fed on HFHSD even though blood glucose levels were similar to WT. Ambulatory oxygen consumption was accelerated in SOD1−/− with HFHSD; however, ATP levels of skeletal muscle were somewhat reduced compared to WT. Reflecting the reduced ATP, the expression of phosphorylated AMPK (Thr 172) was more robust in SOD1−/−. SOD1 is involved in the ATP production mechanism in mitochondria and may contribute to visceral fat accumulation by causing insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yasunaga Shiraishi
- Division of Environmental Medicine, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Toyokazu Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Ayumu Osaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (A.S.); (T.K.); (A.O.); (K.K.); (Y.I.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-4-2995-1597
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22
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Evidence of methylphenidate effect on mitochondria, redox homeostasis, and inflammatory aspects: Insights from animal studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110518. [PMID: 35092763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant known for its effectiveness in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric condition that has a high incidence in childhood and affects behavior and cognition. However, the increase in its use among individuals who do not present all the diagnostic criteria for ADHD has become a serious public health problem since the neurological and psychiatric consequences of this unrestricted use are not widely known. In addition, since childhood is a critical period for the maturation of the CNS, the high prescription of MPH for preschool children also raises several concerns. This review brings new perspectives on how MPH (in different doses, routes of administration and ages) affects the CNS, focusing on animal studies that evaluated changes in mitochondrial (bioenergetics), redox balance and apoptosis, as well as inflammatory parameters. MPH alters brain energy homeostasis, increasing glucose consumption and impairing the activity of enzymes in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, as well as ATP levels and Na+,K+-ATPase activity. MPH induces oxidative stress, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and altering enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, which, consequently, is related to damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Among the harmful effects of MPH, studies also demonstrate its ability to induce inflammation as well as alter the apoptosis pathway. It is important to highlight that age, treatment time, administration route, and dose are factors that can influence MPH effects. However, young animals seem to be more susceptible to damage caused by MPH. It is possible that changes in mitochondrial function and markers of status oxidative, apoptosis and inflammation may be exerting important mechanisms associated with MPH toxicity and, therefore, the unrestricted use of this drug can cause brain damage.
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Molecular mechanisms and consequences of mitochondrial permeability transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:266-285. [PMID: 34880425 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a phenomenon that abruptly causes the flux of low molecular weight solutes (molecular weight up to 1,500) across the generally impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane. The mPT is mediated by the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a supramolecular entity assembled at the interface of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. In contrast to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which mostly activates apoptosis, mPT can trigger different cellular responses, from the physiological regulation of mitophagy to the activation of apoptosis or necrosis. Although there are several molecular candidates for the mPTP, its molecular nature remains contentious. This lack of molecular data was a significant setback that prevented mechanistic insight into the mPTP, pharmacological targeting and the generation of informative animal models. In recent years, experimental evidence has highlighted mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase as a participant in mPTP formation, although a molecular model for its transition to the mPTP is still lacking. Recently, the resolution of the F1Fo ATP synthase structure by cryogenic electron microscopy led to a model for mPTP gating. The elusive molecular nature of the mPTP is now being clarified, marking a turning point for understanding mitochondrial biology and its pathophysiological ramifications. This Review provides an up-to-date reference for the understanding of the mammalian mPTP and its cellular functions. We review current insights into the molecular mechanisms of mPT and validated observations - from studies in vivo or in artificial membranes - on mPTP activity and functions. We end with a discussion of the contribution of the mPTP to human disease. Throughout the Review, we highlight the multiple unanswered questions and, when applicable, we also provide alternative interpretations of the recent discoveries.
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Mechanistic Insight into Diosmin-Induced Neuroprotection and Memory Improvement in Intracerebroventricular-Quinolinic Acid Rat Model: Resurrection of Mitochondrial Functions and Antioxidants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8584558. [PMID: 35300069 PMCID: PMC8923790 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8584558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the final event after a cascade of pathogenic mechanisms in several brain disorders that lead to cognitive and neurological loss. Quinolinic acid (QA) is an excitotoxin derived from the tryptophan metabolism pathway and is implicated in several ailments, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and psychosis disease. Diosmin (DSM) is a natural flavonoid possessing such properties that may halt the course of neurodegenerative progression. In past studies, free radical scavenging, along with properties, such as antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties, of DSM were pragmatic. Hence, in the current experimentations, the neuroprotective activity of DSM was investigated in the QA rat prototype. QA was administered through the intracerebroventricular route (QA-ICV) in rats on day one, and DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route) was given from day 1 to 21. Memory, gait, sensorimotor functions, and biomarkers of oxidative mutilation and mitochondrial functions were evaluated in the whole brain. Results showed significant deterioration of sensorimotor performance, gait, and working- and long-term memory in rats by QA-ICV. These behavioral anomalies were significantly attenuated by DSM (50 and 100 mg/kg) and donepezil (standard drug). QA-ICV-induced decrease in body mass (g), diet, and water ingestion were also attenuated by DSM or donepezil treatments. QA-ICV inhibited mitochondrial complex I and II activities that caused an increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress along with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants in the brain. DSM dose-dependently ameliorated mitochondrial functions and decreased oxidative stress in QA-ICV-treated rats. DSM can be a possible alternative in treating neurodegenerative disorders with underlying mitochondrial dysfunction pathology.
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Aquino P, Siqueira ED, Paes L, Magalhães E, Barbosa T, Carvalho MD, Azul FS, Lustosa IR, Mottin M, Sampaio T, Martins A, Silveira E, Viana G. N-Methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, the major bioactive compound from Sideroxylon obtusifolium, attenuates pilocarpine-induced injury in cultured astrocytes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12381. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Mottin
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil
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26
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Alnuwaysir RIS, Hoes MF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P, Beverborg NG. Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology. J Clin Med 2021; 11:125. [PMID: 35011874 PMCID: PMC8745653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), with a prevalence reaching up to 59% even in non-anaemic patients. ID impairs exercise capacity, reduces the quality of life, increases hospitalisation rate and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. Intravenously correcting ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity and reduce hospitalisations. However, the pathophysiology of ID in HF remains poorly characterised. Recognition of ID in HF triggered more research with the aim to explain how correcting ID improves HF status as well as the underlying causes of ID in the first place. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in understanding iron homeostasis by characterising the role of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin, the effects of ID on skeletal and cardiac myocytes, kidneys and the immune system. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and recent advances in the pathophysiology of ID in heart failure, the deleterious systemic and cellular consequences of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.I.S.A.); (M.F.H.); (D.J.v.V.); (P.v.d.M.)
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27
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Liu Y, Yu S, Xing X, Qiao J, Yin Y, Wang J, Liu M, Zhang W. Ginsenoside Rh2 stimulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:873. [PMID: 34713297 PMCID: PMC8569524 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a monomeric compound that extracted from ginseng and possesses anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we reported that G-Rh2 induces apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells and that the process was related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the upstream mechanisms of G-Rh2, along with its cellular targets, remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechst staining revealed that G-Rh2 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. However, G-Rh2 was demonstrated to be non-toxic to End1/e6e7 cells. JC-1, rhodamine 123 staining, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis capacity assays demonstrated that G-Rh2 exposure caused an immediate decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential due to its inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as well as glycolysis, both of which reduced cellular ATP production. Western blotting and electron transport chain (ETC) activity assays revealed that G-Rh2 significantly inhibited the activity of ETC complexes I, III and V. Overexpression of ETC complex III partially significantly restored mitochondrial ROS and inhibited the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells induced by G-Rh2. The predicted results of binding energy in molecular docking, confirmed that G-Rh2 was highly likely to induce mitochondrial ROS production and promote cell apoptosis by targeting the ETC complex, especially for ETC complex III. Taken together, the present results revealed the potential anti-cervical cancer activity of G-Rh2 and provide direct evidence for the contribution of impaired ETC complex activity to cervical cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Juhui Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiu Yin
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
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28
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Pal S, Rao GN, Pal A. Inflammation and apoptosis, two key events induced by hyperglycemia mediated reactive nitrogen species in RGC-5 cells. Life Sci 2021; 279:119693. [PMID: 34111464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosative stress plays a critical role in retinal injury in high glucose (HG) environment of eye, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that HG induced reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production acts as a key functional mediator of antioxidant depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, biomolecule damage, inflammation and apoptosis. Our findings illustrated that exposure of cultured RGC-5 cells to HG significantly disrupts the antioxidant defense mechanism and mitochondrial machineries by increasing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰM) and elevating mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, we used biochemical tools to analyze the changes in metabolites, sulfur amino acids (SAAs) such as L-glutathione (GSH) and L-cysteine (Cys), in the presence of HG environment. These metabolic changes were followed by an increase in glycolytic flux that is phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) activity. Moreover, HG exposure results in a significant disruption of protein carbonylation (PC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), downregulation of OGG1 and increase in 8-OHdG accumulations in RGC-5 cells. In addition, our results demonstrated that HG environment coinciding with increased expression of inflammatory mediators, cell cycle deregulation, decreased in cell viability and expression of FoxOs, increased lysosomal content leading to apoptosis. Pre-treatment of selective inhibitors of RNS significantly reduced the HG-induced cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis in RGC-5 cells. Collectively, these results illustrated that accumulated RNS exacerbates the antioxidant depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, biomolecule damage, inflammation and apoptosis induced by HG exposure in RGC-5 cells. Treatment of pharmacological inhibitors attenuated the HG induced in retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - G Nageswar Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Arttatrana Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari 845401, India.
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29
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Eigenfeld M, Kerpes R, Becker T. Understanding the Impact of Industrial Stress Conditions on Replicative Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:665490. [PMID: 37744109 PMCID: PMC10512339 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.665490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, aging is widely understood as the decline of physiological function and the decreasing ability to adapt to environmental changes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has become an important model organism for the investigation of these processes. Yeast is used in industrial processes (beer and wine production), and several stress conditions can influence its intracellular aging processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on applied stress conditions, such as osmotic pressure, primary metabolites (e.g., ethanol), low pH, oxidative stress, heat on aging indicators, age-related physiological changes, and yeast longevity. There is clear evidence that yeast cells are exposed to many stressors influencing viability and vitality, leading to an age-related shift in age distribution. Currently, there is a lack of rapid, non-invasive methods allowing the investigation of aspects of yeast aging in real time on a single-cell basis using the high-throughput approach. Methods such as micromanipulation, centrifugal elutriator, or biotinylation do not provide real-time information on age distributions in industrial processes. In contrast, innovative approaches, such as non-invasive fluorescence coupled flow cytometry intended for high-throughput measurements, could be promising for determining the replicative age of yeast cells in fermentation and its impact on industrial stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Kerpes
- Research Group Beverage and Cereal Biotechnology, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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30
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Zhang Q, Yi H, Yao H, Lu L, He G, Wu M, Zheng C, Li Y, Chen S, Li L, Yu H, Li G, Tao X, Fu S, Deng X. Artemisinin Derivatives Inhibit Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through Induction of ROS-dependent Apoptosis/Ferroptosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:4075-4085. [PMID: 34093811 PMCID: PMC8176242 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the major cancer-related causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the progress in lung cancer treatment, there is still an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic agents for NSCLC. Natural products represent a rich source of bioactive compounds. Through a natural compound library screening assay, we found that a group of anti-insect drugs had significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Among the anti-insect drugs, two derivatives of artemisinin, i.e., artesunate (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a group of well-known anti-malarial drugs, have been shown to possess selective anti-cancer properties. Mechanistically, we found that ART and DHA induced apoptosis of A549 cells as evidenced by decreased protein level of VDAC and increased caspase 3 cleavage. Furthermore, cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT), a core negative regulator of ferroptosis, was downregulated by ART and DHA. The mRNA level of transferrin receptor (TFRC), a positive regulator of ferroptosis, was upregulated by ART and DHA. ART/DHA-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in NSCLC cells were partly reversed by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, and ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, respectively. These results suggest that artemisinin derivatives have anti-NSCLC activity through induction of ROS-dependent apoptosis/ferroptosis. Our findings provide the experimental basis for the potential application of artemisinin derivatives as a class of novel therapeutic drugs for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huimei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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31
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Galber C, Carissimi S, Baracca A, Giorgio V. The ATP Synthase Deficiency in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040325. [PMID: 33917760 PMCID: PMC8068106 DOI: 10.3390/life11040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diseases range from gene-associated to gene-non-associated disorders, including age-related diseases, neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, diabetic diseases, neurocognitive disorders and cancer. Mitochondria participate to the cascades of pathogenic events leading to the onset and progression of these diseases independently of their association to mutations of genes encoding mitochondrial protein. Under physiological conditions, the mitochondrial ATP synthase provides the most energy of the cell via the oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation mainly affect the tissues characterized by a high-energy metabolism, such as nervous, cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. In this review, we focus on human diseases caused by altered expressions of ATP synthase genes of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin. Moreover, we describe the contribution of ATP synthase to the pathophysiological mechanisms of other human diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases or neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galber
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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32
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Pharmacological Inhibition of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Reduces Cardiac Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040555. [PMID: 33918310 PMCID: PMC8065739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of nitric oxide (NO) have been described through S-nitrosylation of several important proteins in the mitochondria of the cardiomyocyte. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of S-nitrosothiols by producing denitrosylation, thus limiting the cardioprotective effect of NO. The effect of GSNOR inhibition on the damage by cardiac ischemia–reperfusion is still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of GSNOR promotes cardioprotection by increasing the levels of protein S-nitrosylation. In a model of ischemia–reperfusion in isolated rat heart, the effect of a GSNOR inhibitor, 5-chloro-3-(2-[4-ethoxyphenyl) (ethyl) amino]-2-oxoethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (C2), was investigated. Ventricular function and hemodynamics were determined, in addition to tissue damage and S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins. Hearts treated with C2 showed a lower release of myocardial damage marker creatine kinase and a reduction in the infarcted area. It also improved post-ischemia ventricular function compared to controls. These results were associated with increasing protein S-nitrosylation, specifically of the mitochondrial complexes III and V. The pharmacological inhibition of GSNOR showed a concentration-dependent cardioprotective effect, being observed in functional parameters and myocardial damage, which was maximal at 1 µmol/L, associated with increased S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial proteins. These data suggest that GSNOR is an interesting pharmacological target for cardiac reperfusion injury.
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33
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Theoretical insights into the direct radical scavenging activities of 8-hydroxyquinoline: Mechanistic, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102344. [PMID: 33556741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system, the detrimental impact of high mROS levels on cell function and viability eventually results in disease development. In this review, we will focus on the dual role of mROS in pathophysiology, emphasizing the physiological role exerted by a regulated mROS production/elimination, and discussing the detrimental effects evoked by an imbalance in mitochondrial redox state. Furthermore, we will touch upon the interplay between mROS and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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35
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Vezza T, Abad-Jiménez Z, Marti-Cabrera M, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090848. [PMID: 32927712 PMCID: PMC7554719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. Moreover, microbiota metabolites seem to interfere with mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress and autophagosome formation, thus regulating the activation of the inflammasome and the production of inflammatory cytokines, key players in chronic metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the association between intestinal microbiota and mitochondrial function and examines the mechanisms that may be the key to their use as potential therapeutic strategies in obesity and T2D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
| | | | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (T.V.); (Z.A.-J.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.); Tel.: +34-963-189-132 (M.R. & V.M.V.); Fax: +34-961-622-492 (M.R. & V.M.V.)
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Maria-Ferreira D, de Oliveira NMT, da Silva LCM, Fernandes ES. Evidence of a Role for the TRPC Subfamily in Mediating Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:332. [PMID: 32457638 PMCID: PMC7225354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) represents one of the most common multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders affecting the elderly population. It is associated with the aggregation of α-synuclein protein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. The disease is mainly represented by motor symptoms, such as resting tremors, postural instability, rigidity, and bradykinesia, that develop slowly over time. Parkinson's disease can also manifest as disturbances in non-motor functions. Although the pathology of PD has not yet been fully understood, it has been suggested that the disruption of the cellular redox status may contribute to cellular oxidative stress and, thus, to cell death. The generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen intermediates, as well as the dysfunction of dopamine metabolism, play important roles in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this context, the transient receptor potential channel canonical (TRPC) sub-family plays an important role in neuronal degeneration. Additionally, PD gene products, including DJ-1, SNCA, UCH-L1, PINK-1, and Parkin, also interfere with mitochondrial function leading to reactive oxygen species production and dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the interplay between these various biochemical and molecular events that ultimately lead to dopaminergic signaling disruption, highlighting the recently identified roles of TRPC in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Liziane Cristine Malaquias da Silva
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Soares Fernandes
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Brazil
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Cobley JN, Husi H. Immunological Techniques to Assess Protein Thiol Redox State: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E315. [PMID: 32326525 PMCID: PMC7222201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, and redox signaling in health and disease it is essential to assess protein thiol redox state. Protein thiol redox state is seldom assessed immunologically because of the inability to distinguish reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by Western blotting. An underappreciated opportunity exists to use Click PEGylation to realize the transformative power of simple, time and cost-efficient immunological techniques. Click PEGylation harnesses selective, bio-orthogonal Click chemistry to separate reduced and reversibly oxidized thiols by selectively ligating a low molecular weight polyethylene glycol moiety to the redox state of interest. The resultant ability to disambiguate reduced and reversibly oxidized species by Western blotting enables Click PEGylation to assess protein thiol redox state. In the present review, to enable investigators to effectively harness immunological techniques to assess protein thiol redox state we critique the chemistry, promise and challenges of Click PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nathan Cobley
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK;
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39
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Panahi M, Rahimi B, Rahimi G, Yew Low T, Saraygord-Afshari N, Alizadeh E. Cytoprotective effects of antioxidant supplementation on mesenchymal stem cell therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6462-6495. [PMID: 32239727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are earmarked as perfect candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate into different cell types. However, their potential for application in regenerative medicine declines when the levels of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) increase from the physiological levels, a phenomenon which is at least inevitable in ex vivo cultures and air-exposed damaged tissues. Increased levels of RONS can alter the patterns of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and inhibit proliferation, as well. Besides, oxidative stress enhances senescence and cell death, thus lowering the success rates of the MSC engraftment. Hence, in this review, we have selected some representatives of antioxidants and newly emerged nano antioxidants in three main categories, including chemical compounds, biometabolites, and protein precursors/proteins, which are proved to be effective in the treatment of MSCs. We will focus on how antioxidants can be applied to optimize the clinical usage of the MSCs and their associated signaling pathways. We have also reviewed several paralleled properties of some antioxidants and nano antioxidants which can be simultaneously used in real-time imaging, scaffolding techniques, and other applications in addition to their primary antioxidative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Panahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbarg Rahimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Esfahan, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Neda Saraygord-Afshari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cobley J, Noble A, Bessell R, Guille M, Husi H. Reversible Thiol Oxidation Inhibits the Mitochondrial ATP Synthase in Xenopus Laevis Oocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030215. [PMID: 32150908 PMCID: PMC7139892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes are postulated to repress the proton pumps (e.g., complex IV) and ATP synthase to safeguard mitochondrial DNA homoplasmy by curtailing superoxide production. Whether the ATP synthase is inhibited is, however, unknown. Here we show that: oligomycin sensitive ATP synthase activity is significantly greater (~170 vs. 20 nmol/min-1/mg-1) in testes compared to oocytes in Xenopus laevis (X. laevis). Since ATP synthase activity is redox regulated, we explored a regulatory role for reversible thiol oxidation. If a protein thiol inhibits the ATP synthase, then constituent subunits must be reversibly oxidised. Catalyst-free trans-cyclooctene 6-methyltetrazine (TCO-Tz) immunocapture coupled to redox affinity blotting reveals several subunits in F1 (e.g., ATP-α-F1) and Fo (e.g., subunit c) are reversibly oxidised. Catalyst-free TCO-Tz Click PEGylation reveals significant (~60%) reversible ATP-α-F1 oxidation at two evolutionary conserved cysteine residues (C244 and C294) in oocytes. TCO-Tz Click PEGylation reveals ~20% of the total thiols in the ATP synthase are substantially oxidised. Chemically reversing thiol oxidation significantly increased oligomycin sensitive ATP synthase activity from ~12 to 100 nmol/min-1/mg-1 in oocytes. We conclude that reversible thiol oxidation inhibits the mitochondrial ATP synthase in X. laevis oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cobley
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK; (R.B.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Noble
- School of Biological Sciences, European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Rachel Bessell
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK; (R.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Matthew Guille
- School of Biological Sciences, European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK; (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Holger Husi
- Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK; (R.B.); (H.H.)
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41
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Fix DK, Washington TA, Greene NP. Muscle alterations in the development and progression of cancer-induced muscle atrophy: a review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 128:25-41. [PMID: 31725360 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00622.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia-cancer-associated body weight and muscle loss-is a significant predictor of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients across a variety of cancer types. However, despite the negative prognosis associated with cachexia onset, there are no clinical therapies approved to treat or prevent cachexia. This lack of treatment may be partially due to the relative dearth of literature on mechanisms occurring within the muscle before the onset of muscle wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile the current scientific literature on mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of cancer cachexia, including protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We define "development" as changes in cell function occurring before the onset of cachexia and "progression" as alterations to cell function that coincide with the exacerbation of muscle wasting. Overall, the current literature suggests that multiple aspects of cellular function, such as protein turnover, inflammatory signaling, and mitochondrial quality, are altered before the onset of muscle loss during cancer cachexia and clearly highlights the need to study more thoroughly the developmental stages of cachexia. The studying of these early aberrations will allow for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the onset of cachexia and improve health outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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42
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Uribe P, Cabrillana ME, Fornés MW, Treulen F, Boguen R, Isachenko V, Isachenko E, Sánchez R, Villegas JV. Nitrosative stress in human spermatozoa causes cell death characterized by induction of mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:600-607. [PMID: 29956685 PMCID: PMC6219306 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_29_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive nitrogen species and a potent inducer of apoptosis and necrosis in somatic cells. Peroxynitrite-induced nitrosative stress has emerged as a major cause of impaired sperm function; however, its ability to trigger cell death has not been described in human spermatozoa. The objective here was to characterize biochemical and morphological features of cell death induced by peroxynitrite-mediated nitrosative stress in human spermatozoa. For this, spermatozoa were incubated with and without (untreated control) 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), in order to generate peroxynitrite. Sperm viability, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA oxidation and fragmentation, caspase activation, tyrosine nitration, and sperm ultrastructure were analyzed. The results showed that at 24 h of incubation with SIN-1, the sperm viability was significantly reduced compared to untreated control (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the MPT was induced (P < 0.01) and increment in DNA oxidation (P < 0.01), DNA fragmentation (P < 0.01), tyrosine nitration (P < 0.0001) and ultrastructural damage were observed when compared to untreated control. Caspase activation was not evidenced, and although phosphatidylserine externalization increased compared to untreated control (P < 0.001), this process was observed in <10% of the cells and the gradual loss of viability was not characterized by an important increase in this parameter. In conclusion, peroxynitrite-mediated nitrosative stress induces the regulated variant of cell death known as MPT-driven necrosis in human spermatozoa. This study provides a new insight into the pathophysiology of nitrosative stress in human spermatozoa and opens up a new focus for developing specific therapeutic strategies to better preserve sperm viability or to avoid cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Uribe
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4781218, Chile
| | - María E Cabrillana
- Laboratory of Andrology Research of Mendoza (LIAM) Institute of Histology and Embriology of Mendoza (IHEM) Histology and Embryology Area, Department of Morphology and Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and CCT-Mendoza, CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.,Research Institute (CIUDA), Medicine Faculty, Aconcagua University, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Miguel W Fornés
- Laboratory of Andrology Research of Mendoza (LIAM) Institute of Histology and Embriology of Mendoza (IHEM) Histology and Embryology Area, Department of Morphology and Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo and CCT-Mendoza, CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.,Research Institute (CIUDA), Medicine Faculty, Aconcagua University, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Favián Treulen
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Boguen
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Vladimir Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, Cologne University Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Evgenia Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, Cologne University Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4781218, Chile
| | - Juana V Villegas
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR - BIOREN), University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4781218, Chile
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43
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Cobley JN, Noble A, Jimenez-Fernandez E, Valdivia Moya MT, Guille M, Husi H. Catalyst-free Click PEGylation reveals substantial mitochondrial ATP synthase sub-unit alpha oxidation before and after fertilisation. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101258. [PMID: 31234016 PMCID: PMC6597785 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using non-reducing Western blotting to assess protein thiol redox state is challenging because most reduced and oxidised forms migrate at the same molecular weight and are, therefore, indistinguishable. While copper catalysed Click chemistry can be used to ligate a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety termed Click PEGylation to mass shift the reduced or oxidised form as desired, the potential for copper catalysed auto-oxidation is problematic. Here we define a catalyst-free trans-cyclooctene-methyltetrazine (TCO-Tz) inverse electron demand Diels Alder chemistry approach that affords rapid (k ~2000 M-1 s-1), selective and bio-orthogonal Click PEGylation. We used TCO-Tz Click PEGylation to investigate how fertilisation impacts reversible mitochondrial ATP synthase F1-Fo sub-unit alpha (ATP-α-F1) oxidation-an established molecular correlate of impaired enzyme activity-in Xenopus laevis. TCO-Tz Click PEGylation studies reveal substantial (~65%) reversible ATP-α-F1 oxidation at evolutionary conserved cysteine residues (i.e., C244 and C294) before and after fertilisation. A single thiol is, however, preferentially oxidised likely due to greater solvent exposure during the catalytic cycle. Selective reduction experiments show that: S-glutathionylation accounts for ~50-60% of the reversible oxidation observed, making it the dominant oxidative modification type. Intermolecular disulphide bonds may also contribute due to their relative stability. Substantial reversible ATP-α-F1 oxidation before and after fertilisation is biologically meaningful because it implies low mitochondrial F1-Fo ATP synthase activity. Catalyst-free TCO-Tz Click PEGylation is a valuable new tool to interrogate protein thiol redox state in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK.
| | - Anna Noble
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Eduardo Jimenez-Fernandez
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Manuel-Thomas Valdivia Moya
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Matthew Guille
- European Xenopus Resource Centre, University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Holger Husi
- Free Radical Research Group, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Sciences, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
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44
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Zheng X, Chen M, Li X, Yang P, Zhao X, Ouyang Y, Yang Z, Liang M, Hou E, Tian Z. Insufficient fumarase contributes to hypertension by an imbalance of redox metabolism in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1672-1682. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mitochondrial F-ATP Synthase and Its Transition into an Energy-Dissipating Molecular Machine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8743257. [PMID: 31178976 PMCID: PMC6501240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8743257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is the principal energy-conserving nanomotor of cells that harnesses the proton motive force generated by the respiratory chain to make ATP from ADP and phosphate in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. In the energy-converting membranes, F-ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex organized into a membrane-extrinsic F1 sector and a membrane-intrinsic FO domain, linked by central and peripheral stalks. Due to its essential role in the cellular metabolism, malfunction of F-ATP synthase has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, and the enzyme is now considered as a promising drug target for multiple disease conditions and for the regulation of energy metabolism. We discuss structural and functional features of mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as well as several conditions that partially or fully inhibit the coupling between the F1 catalytic activities and the FO proton translocation, thus decreasing the cellular metabolic efficiency and transforming the enzyme into an energy-dissipating structure through molecular mechanisms that still remain to be defined.
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46
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Perturbed Biochemical Pathways and Associated Oxidative Stress Lead to Vascular Dysfunctions in Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8458472. [PMID: 30962865 PMCID: PMC6431380 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8458472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vascular insult that accompanies the hyperglycemic state. Retinal vasculature holds a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of the retina, and any alteration to retinal vasculature affects retinal functions. The blood retinal barrier, a prerequisite to vision acuity, is most susceptible to damage during the progression of DR. This is a consequence of impaired biochemical pathways such as the polyol, advanced end glycation products (AGE), hexosamine, protein kinase C (PKC), and tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathways. Moreover, the role of histone modification and altered miRNA expression is also emerging as a major contributor. Epigenetic changes create a link between altered protein function and redox status of retinal cells, creating a state of metabolic memory. Although various biochemical pathways underlie the etiology of DR, the major insult to the retina is due to oxidative stress, a unifying factor of altered biochemical pathways. This review primarily focuses on the critical biochemical pathways altered in DR leading to vascular dysfunctions and discusses antioxidants as plausible treatment strategies.
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47
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Joseph SK, Booth DM, Young MP, Hajnóczky G. Redox regulation of ER and mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in cell survival and death. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:89-97. [PMID: 30889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological signaling by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their pathophysiological role in cell death are well recognized. This review focuses on two ROS targets that are key to local Ca2+ signaling at the ER/mitochondrial interface - notably, inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). Both transport systems are central to molecular mechanisms in cell survival and death. Methods for the measurement of the redox state of these proteins and for the detection of ROS nanodomains are described. Recent results on the redox regulation of these proteins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Joseph
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - David M Booth
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Michael P Young
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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48
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Fuhrmann DC, Wittig I, Brüne B. TMEM126B deficiency reduces mitochondrial SDH oxidation by LPS, attenuating HIF-1α stabilization and IL-1β expression. Redox Biol 2019; 20:204-216. [PMID: 30368040 PMCID: PMC6202876 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are known for their signaling qualities in both physiology and pathology. To elucidate mitochondrial complex I-dependent ROS-signaling after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation THP-1 macrophages with a knockdown of the transmembrane protein TMEM126B were generated. TMEM knockdown cells (sh126B) showed a reduced assembly of complex I and attenuated mtROS production. In these cells we identified protein oxidization by mtROS upon LPS-treatment using the BIAM switch assay coupled to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. One of the identified targets of mtROS was succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA). Oxidation of SDHA decreased its enzymatic activity and pharmacological inhibition of SDH in turn stabilized hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and caused the subsequent, sustained expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Oxidation of SDHA in sh126B cells was attenuated, while pharmacological inhibition of SDH by atpenin A5 restored IL-1β expression in sh126B cells upon LPS-treatment. Conclusively, oxidation of SDH by mtROS links an altered metabolism, i.e. succinate accumulation to HIF-1-driven, inflammatory changes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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Cigarette smoke condensate may disturb immune function with apoptotic cell death by impairing function of organelles in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:351-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Verma DK, Gupta S, Biswas J, Joshi N, Singh A, Gupta P, Tiwari S, Sivarama Raju K, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Singh S. New therapeutic activity of metabolic enhancer piracetam in treatment of neurodegenerative disease: Participation of caspase independent death factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2078-2096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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