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Shpakov AO. Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:313. [PMID: 39344322 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2909313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (CG), like follicle-stimulating hormone, are the most important regulators of the reproductive system. They exert their effect on the cell through the LH/CG receptor (LHCGR), which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Binding to gonadotropin induces the interaction of LHCGR with various types of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gq/11, Gi) and β-arrestins, which leads to stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent cascades, activation of the phospholipase pathway (Gq/11), and also to the formation of signalosomes that mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (β-arrestins). The efficiency and selectivity of activation of intracellular cascades by different gonadotropins varies, which is due to differences in their interaction with the ligand-binding site of LHCGR. Gonadotropin signaling largely depends on the status of N- and O-glycosylation of LH and CG, on the formation of homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes, on the cell-specific microenvironment of LHCGR and the presence of autoantibodies to it, and allosteric mechanisms are important in the implementation of these influences, which is due to the multiplicity of allosteric sites in different loci of the LHCGR. The development of low-molecular-weight allosteric regulators of LHCGR with different profiles of pharmacological activity, which can be used in medicine for the correction of reproductive disorders and in assisted reproductive technologies, is promising. These and other issues regarding the hormonal and allosteric regulation of LHCGR are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wu Y, Zhang P, Fan H, Zhang C, Yu P, Liang X, Chen Y. GPR35 acts a dual role and therapeutic target in inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254446. [PMID: 38035084 PMCID: PMC10687457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor with notable involvement in modulating inflammatory responses. Although the precise role of GPR35 in inflammation is not yet fully understood, studies have suggested that it may have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the specific cellular environment. Some studies have shown that GPR35 activation can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitate the movement of immune cells towards inflammatory tissues or infected areas. Conversely, other investigations have suggested that GPR35 may possess anti-inflammatory properties in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and certain other tissues by curbing the generation of inflammatory mediators and endorsing the differentiation of regulatory T cells. The intricate role of GPR35 in inflammation underscores the requirement for more in-depth research to thoroughly comprehend its functional mechanisms and its potential significance as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to concurrently investigate the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles of GPR35, thus illuminating both facets of this complex issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Wu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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3
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Davis SE, Cirincione AB, Jimenez-Torres AC, Zhu J. The Impact of Neurotransmitters on the Neurobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15340. [PMID: 37895020 PMCID: PMC10607327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Neurodegenerative diseases result from progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system connections that are essential for cognition, coordination, strength, sensation, and mobility. Dysfunction of these brain and nerve functions is associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and motor neuron disease. In addition to these, 50% of people living with HIV develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood problems collectively referred to as HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) despite the widespread use of a combination of antiretroviral therapies. Neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter systems have a pathological correlation and play a critical role in developing neurodegenerative diseases. Each of these diseases has a unique pattern of dysregulation of the neurotransmitter system, which has been attributed to different forms of cell-specific neuronal loss. In this review, we will focus on a discussion of the regulation of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, which are more commonly disturbed in neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, we will provide evidence for the hypothesis that disturbances in neurotransmission contribute to the neuronal loss observed in neurodegenerative disorders. Further, we will highlight the critical role of dopamine as a mediator of neuronal injury and loss in the context of NeuroHIV. This review will highlight the need to further investigate neurotransmission systems for their role in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (S.E.D.); (A.B.C.); (A.C.J.-T.)
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Weerasinghe DK, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Samarasinghe RM, Azimi Manavi B, Williams LJ. Antipsychotic-induced bone loss: the role of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1184550. [PMID: 37305679 PMCID: PMC10248006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are commonly used in treating psychiatric disorders. These medications primarily target dopamine the serotonin receptors, they have some affinity to adrenergic, histamine, glutamate and muscarinic receptors. There is clinical evidence that antipsychotic use decreases BMD and increases fracture risk, with dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor-signalling becoming an increasing area of focus where the presence of these receptors in osteoclasts and osteoblasts have been demonstrated. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are the most important cells in the bone remodelling and the bone regeneration process where the activity of these cells determine the bone resorption and formation process in order to maintain healthy bone. However, an imbalance in osteoclast and osteoblast activity can lead to decreased BMD and increased fracture risk, which is also believed to be exacerbated by antipsychotics use. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of first, second and third generation antipsychotics and the expression profiles of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptors during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kavindi Weerasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Hodge
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Behnaz Azimi Manavi
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J. Williams
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Wong T, Gao W, Chen G, Qiu C, He G, Ye F, Wu Z, Zeng Z, Du Y. Cryo-EM structure of orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR21. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e205. [PMID: 36721851 PMCID: PMC9877262 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human GPR21 remain unidentified. GPR21 expression is associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, decreasing insulin production, insulin resistance, and obesity. Animal studies suggested that GPR21 is a potential therapeutic target for T2DM treatment. The underlying mechanisms leading to GPR21 self-activation remain unknown. In our co-expression analysis, we noted that GPR21 could also form a stable complex with an unreported Gα protein subtype, Gαs. To gain further insights into the structural mechanisms of GPR21 activation, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis to resolve the high-resolution structure of GPR21-Gαs complexes. The clear electron density map of the GPR21-Gαs provided direct evidence that GPR21 could couple to Gαs protein at physiological conditions. Thus, GPR21 might mediate previously unexplored pathways in normal or pathological conditions, which warrants further investigation. Structure-guided mutagenesis and biochemical analysis revealed that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GPR21 is essential for the receptor transducing intracellular signal via cAMP. Together, the new structure data reveal a novel signaling cascade of human GPR21 mediated by ECL2 and provide fundamental information for future structure-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian‐Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug DiscoveryEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Chen Qiu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Guodong He
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fang Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhangsong Wu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zicheng Zeng
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug, Discovery and Development, School of Medicinethe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Chakraborty S, Handrick B, Yu D, Bode KA, Hafner A, Schenz J, Schaack D, Uhle F, Tachibana T, Kamitani S, Vogl T, Kubatzky KF. Gα q modulates the energy metabolism of osteoclasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1016299. [PMID: 36699722 PMCID: PMC9869164 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1016299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bacterial protein toxin Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) mediates RANKL-independent osteoclast differentiation. Although these osteoclasts are smaller, their resorptive activity is high which helps in efficient destruction of nasal turbinate bones of pigs. Methods The proteome of bone marrow-derived macrophages differentiated into osteoclasts with either RANKL or PMT was analysed. The results were verified by characterizing the metabolic activity using Seahorse analysis, a protein translation assay, immunoblots, real-time PCR as well as flow cytometry-based monitoring of mitochondrial activity and ROS production. A Gαq overexpression system using ER-Hoxb8 cells was used to identify Gαq-mediated metabolic effects on osteoclast differentiation and function. Results PMT induces the upregulation of metabolic pathways, which included strong glycolytic activity, increased expression of GLUT1 and upregulation of the mTOR pathway. As OxPhos components were expressed more efficiently, cells also displayed increased mitochondrial respiration. The heterotrimeric G protein Gαq plays a central role in this hypermetabolic cell activation as it triggers mitochondrial relocalisation of pSerSTAT3 and an increase in OPA1 expression. This seems to be caused by a direct interaction between STAT3 and OPA1 resulting in enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Gαq mimicked the hypermetabolic phenotype observed for PMT-induced osteoclasts and resulted in higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity as well as increased bone resorptive activity. In addition, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showed an increase in GNAQ expression, especially in the synovial fluid. Discussion Our study suggests that Gαq plays a key role in PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis. Enhanced expression of GNAQ at the site of inflammation in RA patients indicates its pathophysiological relevance in the context of inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bianca Handrick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dayoung Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A. Bode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hafner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Schenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schaack
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kamitani
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Velagala V, Soundarrajan DK, Unger MF, Gazzo D, Kumar N, Li J, Zartman J. The multimodal action of G alpha q in coordinating growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.08.523049. [PMID: 36711848 PMCID: PMC9881979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.08.523049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background G proteins mediate cell responses to various ligands and play key roles in organ development. Dysregulation of G-proteins or Ca 2+ signaling impacts many human diseases and results in birth defects. However, the downstream effectors of specific G proteins in developmental regulatory networks are still poorly understood. Methods We employed the Gal4/UAS binary system to inhibit or overexpress Gαq in the wing disc, followed by phenotypic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and next-gen RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors and the signaling cascades affected by the disruption of Gαq homeostasis. Results Here, we characterized how the G protein subunit Gαq tunes the size and shape of the wing in the larval and adult stages of development. Downregulation of Gαq in the wing disc reduced wing growth and delayed larval development. Gαq overexpression is sufficient to promote global Ca 2+ waves in the wing disc with a concomitant reduction in the Drosophila final wing size and a delay in pupariation. The reduced wing size phenotype is further enhanced when downregulating downstream components of the core Ca 2+ signaling toolkit, suggesting that downstream Ca 2+ signaling partially ameliorates the reduction in wing size. In contrast, Gαq -mediated pupariation delay is rescued by inhibition of IP 3 R, a key regulator of Ca 2+ signaling. This suggests that Gαq regulates developmental phenotypes through both Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent mechanisms. RNA seq analysis shows that disruption of Gαq homeostasis affects nuclear hormone receptors, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune response genes. Notably, disruption of Gαq homeostasis increases expression levels of Dilp8, a key regulator of growth and pupariation timing. Conclusion Gαq activity contributes to cell size regulation and wing metamorphosis. Disruption to Gαq homeostasis in the peripheral wing disc organ delays larval development through ecdysone signaling inhibition. Overall, Gαq signaling mediates key modules of organ size regulation and epithelial homeostasis through the dual action of Ca 2+ -dependent and independent mechanisms.
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8
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Wagdi A, Malan D, Sathyanarayanan U, Beauchamp JS, Vogt M, Zipf D, Beiert T, Mansuroglu B, Dusend V, Meininghaus M, Schneider L, Kalthof B, Wiegert JS, König GM, Kostenis E, Patejdl R, Sasse P, Bruegmann T. Selective optogenetic control of G q signaling using human Neuropsin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1765. [PMID: 35365606 PMCID: PMC8975936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gq proteins are universally important for signal transduction in mammalian cells. The underlying kinetics and transformation from extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling, however could not be investigated in detail so far. Here we present the human Neuropsin (hOPN5) for specific and repetitive manipulation of Gq signaling in vitro and in vivo with high spatio-temporal resolution. Properties and G protein specificity of hOPN5 are characterized by UV light induced IP3 generation, Ca2+ transients and inhibition of GIRK channel activity in HEK cells. In adult hearts from a transgenic animal model, light increases the spontaneous beating rate. In addition, we demonstrate light induced contractions in the small intestine, which are not detectable after pharmacological Gq protein block. All-optical high-throughput screening for TRPC6 inhibitors is more specific and sensitive than conventional pharmacological screening. Thus, we demonstrate specific Gq signaling of hOPN5 and unveil its potential for optogenetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Wagdi
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Present Address: Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udhayabhaskar Sathyanarayanan
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janosch S. Beauchamp
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Vogt
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Zipf
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Beiert
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Berivan Mansuroglu
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Dusend
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark Meininghaus
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Linn Schneider
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Bernd Kalthof
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Simon Wiegert
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M. König
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Patejdl
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Oscar-Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Lu S, He X, Yang Z, Chai Z, Zhou S, Wang J, Rehman AU, Ni D, Pu J, Sun J, Zhang J. Activation pathway of a G protein-coupled receptor uncovers conformational intermediates as targets for allosteric drug design. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4721. [PMID: 34354057 PMCID: PMC8342441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common proteins targeted by approved drugs. A complete mechanistic elucidation of large-scale conformational transitions underlying the activation mechanisms of GPCRs is of critical importance for therapeutic drug development. Here, we apply a combined computational and experimental framework integrating extensive molecular dynamics simulations, Markov state models, site-directed mutagenesis, and conformational biosensors to investigate the conformational landscape of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) - a prototypical class A GPCR-activation. Our findings suggest a synergistic transition mechanism for AT1 receptor activation. A key intermediate state is identified in the activation pathway, which possesses a cryptic binding site within the intracellular region of the receptor. Mutation of this cryptic site prevents activation of the downstream G protein signaling and β-arrestin-mediated pathways by the endogenous AngII octapeptide agonist, suggesting an allosteric regulatory mechanism. Together, these findings provide a deeper understanding of AT1 receptor activation at an atomic level and suggest avenues for the design of allosteric AT1 receptor modulators with a broad range of applications in GPCR biology, biophysics, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Morris G, Walder K, Kloiber S, Amminger P, Berk M, Bortolasci CC, Maes M, Puri BK, Carvalho AF. The endocannabinoidome in neuropsychiatry: Opportunities and potential risks. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105729. [PMID: 34119623 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises two cognate endocannabinoid receptors referred to as CB1R and CB2R. ECS dysregulation is apparent in neurodegenerative/neuro-psychiatric disorders including but not limited to schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and potentially bipolar disorder. The aim of this paper is to review mechanisms whereby both receptors may interact with neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways, which play a pathophysiological role in these disorders. CB1R is located in the presynaptic terminals of GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons where it regulates the retrograde suppression of neurotransmission. CB1R plays a key role in long-term depression, and, to a lesser extent, long-term potentiation, thereby modulating synaptic transmission and mediating learning and memory. Optimal CB1R activity plays an essential neuroprotective role by providing a defense against the development of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is achieved, at least in part, by impeding AMPA-mediated increase in intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress. Moreover, CB1R activity enables optimal neuron-glial communication and the function of the neurovascular unit. CB2R receptors are detected in peripheral immune cells and also in central nervous system regions including the striatum, basal ganglia, frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala as well as the ventral tegmental area. CB2R upregulation inhibits the presynaptic release of glutamate in several brain regions. CB2R activation also decreases neuroinflammation partly by mediating the transition from a predominantly neurotoxic "M1" microglial phenotype to a more neuroprotective "M2" phenotype. CB1R and CB2R are thus novel drug targets for the treatment of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative disorders including schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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11
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Morelli AE, Sumpter TL, Rojas-Canales DM, Bandyopadhyay M, Chen Z, Tkacheva O, Shufesky WJ, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Berger A, Paige CJ, Falo LD, Larregina AT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor Signaling Is Required for Efficient Ca 2+ Flux in T-Cell-Receptor-Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3448-3465.e8. [PMID: 32160549 PMCID: PMC7169378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient Ca2+ flux induced during cognate T cell activation requires signaling the T cell receptor (TCR) and unidentified G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). T cells express the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR that mediates Ca2+ flux in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, the role of the NK1R in TCR signaling remains unknown. We show that the NK1R and its agonists, the neuropeptides substance P and hemokinin-1, co-localize within the immune synapse during cognate activation of T cells. Simultaneous TCR and NK1R stimulation is necessary for efficient Ca2+ flux and Ca2+-dependent signaling that sustains the survival of activated T cells and helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 bias. In a model of contact dermatitis, mice with T cells deficient in NK1R or its agonists exhibit impaired cellular immunity, due to high mortality of activated T cells. We demonstrate an effect of the NK1R in T cells that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides and its receptors. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) induces Ca2+ flux in excitable cells. Here, Morelli et al. show that NK1R signaling in T cells promotes optimal Ca2+ flux triggered by TCR stimulation, which is necessary to sustain T cell survival and the efficient Th1- and Th17-based immunity that is relevant for immunotherapies based on pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian E Morelli
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhizhao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Olga Tkacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Callen T Wallace
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207740. [PMID: 33086747 PMCID: PMC7589579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A global increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes and digestive tract disorders, like food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has become a severe problem in the modern world. Recent decades have brought a growing body of evidence that links the gut microbiome’s complexity with host physiology. Hence, understanding the mechanistic aspects underlying the synergy between the host and its associated gut microbiome are among the most crucial questions. The functionally diversified adaptive immune system plays a central role in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. The character of the reciprocal interactions between immune components and host-dwelling microbes or microbial consortia determines the outcome of the organisms’ coexistence within the holobiont structure. It has become apparent that metabolic by-products of the microbiome constitute crucial multimodal transmitters within the host–microbiome interactome and, as such, contribute to immune homeostasis by fine-tuning of the adaptive arm of immune system. In this review, we will present recent insights and discoveries regarding the broad landscape of microbiome-derived metabolites, highlighting the role of these small compounds in the context of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms orchestrated by the host T cell compartment.
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13
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Rosenberg EM, Herrington J, Rajasekaran D, Murphy JW, Pantouris G, Lolis EJ. The N-terminal length and side-chain composition of CXCL13 affect crystallization, structure and functional activity. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:1033-1049. [PMID: 33021505 PMCID: PMC7543660 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320011687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL13 is the cognate chemokine agonist of CXCR5, a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is essential for proper humoral immune responses. Using a `methionine scanning' mutagenesis method on the N-terminus of CXCL13, which is the chemokine signaling region, it was shown that minor length alterations and side-chain substitutions still result in CXCR5 activation. This observation indicates that the orthosteric pocket of CXCR5 can tolerate these changes without severely affecting the activity. The introduction of bulk on the ligand was well tolerated by the receptor, whereas a loss of contacts was less tolerated. Furthermore, two crystal structures of CXCL13 mutants were solved, both of which represent the first uncomplexed structures of the human protein. These structures were stabilized by unique interactions formed by the N-termini of the ligands, indicating that CXCL13 exhibits substantial N-terminal flexibility while the chemokine core domain remains largely unchanged. Additionally, it was observed that CXCL13 harbors a large degree of flexibility in the C-terminal extension of the ligand. Comparisons with other published structures of human and murine CXCL13 validate the relative rigidity of the core domain as well as the N- and C-terminal mobilities. Collectively, these mutants and their structures provide the field with additional insights into how CXCL13 interacts with CXCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Rosenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James Herrington
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Deepa Rajasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James W. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elias J. Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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14
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Holdfeldt A, Lind S, Hesse C, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. The PAR4-derived pepducin P4Pal 10 lacks effect on neutrophil GPCRs that couple to Gαq for signaling but distinctly modulates function of the Gαi-coupled FPR2 and FFAR2. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114143. [PMID: 32653592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel mechanism of action was described for the protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4)-derived pepducin (P4Pal10), when it was shown to exhibit inhibitory efficacy towards G protein coupling to multiple Gαq-coupled receptors (Carr, R., 3rd et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 2016(89) 94). We could confirm that P4Pal10, similar to an earlier-characterized Gαq inhibitor (YM-254890), inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists for the Gαq-coupled receptors PAR1 and PAR4. Next, we applied P4Pal10 as a tool compound and investigated its modulatory effect on several Gαq- and Gαi-coupled GPCRs expressed by human neutrophils. P4Pal10 had, however, no inhibitory effects on signaling downstream of the Gαq-coupled receptors for ATP (P2Y2R) and PAF (PAFR). Instead, P4Pal10 inhibited signaling downstream the Gαi-coupled FPR2. The inhibition was not due to a direct effect on Gαi as the closely related FPR1 was unaffected. In addition, we found that the pepducin activated allosterically modulated short chain fatty acid receptor (FFAR2), a Gαi/Gαq coupled GPCR that is functionally expressed in neutrophils. Taken together, we show that pepducins are unique tool-compounds for mechanistic studies of GPCR signaling and modulation in neutrophils. The data presented add also lipopeptides into the known ligand recognition lists for the two pattern recognition receptors FPR2 and FFAR2, receptors that primarily sense formylated peptides and short free fatty acids, respectively, inflammatory mediators of microbial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hesse
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Yang YM, Kuen DS, Chung Y, Kurose H, Kim SG. Gα 12/13 signaling in metabolic diseases. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:896-910. [PMID: 32576930 PMCID: PMC7338450 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key governors of diverse physiological processes, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have drawn attention as primary targets for several diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge signals from ~800 members of the GPCR family. Among the members of the G protein α family, the Gα12 family members comprising Gα12 and Gα13 have been referred to as gep oncogenes. Gα12/13 levels are altered in metabolic organs, including the liver and muscles, in metabolic diseases. The roles of Gα12/13 in metabolic diseases have been investigated. In this review, we highlight findings demonstrating Gα12/13 amplifying or dampening regulators of phenotype changes. We discuss the molecular basis of G protein biology in the context of posttranslational modifications to heterotrimeric G proteins and the cell signaling axis. We also highlight findings providing insights into the organ-specific, metabolic and pathological roles of G proteins in changes associated with specific cells, energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, liver fibrosis and the immune and cardiovascular systems. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on the importance of Gα12/13 in the physiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, which is presented according to the basic understanding of their metabolic actions and underlying cellular and molecular bases. Understanding the activities of two members of a vital category of proteins called G proteins, which initiate metabolic changes when signaling molecules bind to cells, could lead to new therapies for many diseases. Researchers in South Korea and Japan, led by Sang Geon Kim at Seoul National University, review the significance of the Gα12 and Gα13 proteins in diseases characterised by significant changes in metabolism, including liver conditions and disorders of the cardiovascular and immune systems. Specific roles for the proteins have been identified by a variety of methods, including studying the effect of disabling the genes that code for them in mice. Recent insights suggest that drugs interfering with the activity of these Gα proteins might help treat many conditions in which the molecular signalling networks involving the proteins are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Kuen
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang T, Chang X, Wang K, Lee MH, Ma WY, Liu K, Dong Z. Targeting Opsin4/Melanopsin with a Novel Small Molecule Suppresses PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling and Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1028-1038. [PMID: 32269074 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of oncogenic biomolecules as drug targets is an unmet need for the development of clinically effective novel anticancer therapies. In this study, we report for the first time that opsin 4/melanopsin (OPN4) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is a potential drug target. Our study has revealed that OPN4 is overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues and cells, and is inversely correlated with patient survival probability. Knocking down expression of OPN4 suppressed cells growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. We have also found that OPN4, a G protein-coupled receptor, interacted with Gα11 and triggered the PKC/BRAF/MEK/ERKs signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Genetic ablation of OPN4 attenuated the multiplicity and the volume of urethane-induced lung tumors in mice. Importantly, our study provides the first report of AE 51310 (1-[(2,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidine) as a small-molecule inhibitor of OPN4, suppressed the anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cells and the growth of patient-derived xenograft tumors in mice. IMPLICATIONS: Overall, this study unveils the role of OPN4 in NSCLC and suggests that targeting OPN4 with small molecules, such as AE 51310 would be interesting to develop novel anticancer therapies for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Keke Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Ya Ma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota. .,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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17
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Dziedzic A, Miller E, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M. The GPR17 Receptor-A Promising Goal for Therapy and a Potential Marker of the Neurodegenerative Process in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051852. [PMID: 32182666 PMCID: PMC7084627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important goals in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is, in addition to immunomodulation, reconstruction of the lost myelin sheath. The modulator of the central nervous system myelination is the metabotropic receptor coupled to the G-protein: GPR17. GPR17 receptors are considered to be sensors of local damage to the myelin sheath, and play a role in the reconstruction and repair of demyelinating plaques caused by ongoing inflammatory processes. GPR17 receptors are present on nerve cells and precursor oligodendrocyte cells. Under physiological conditions, they are responsible for the differentiation and subsequent maturation of oligodendrocytes, while under pathological conditions (during damage to nerve cells), their expression increases to become mediators in the demyelinating processes. Moreover, they are essential not only in both the processes of inducing damage and the death of neurons, but also in the local repair of the damaged myelin sheath. Therefore, GPR17 receptors may be recognized as the potential goal in creating innovative therapies for the treatment of the neurodegenerative process in MS, based on the acceleration of the remyelination processes. This review examines the role of GRP17 in pathomechanisms of MS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.S.-B.)
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-4336
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18
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Chatty P, Khattab A, Marshall I. McCune–Albright syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a novel presentation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1463:5-8. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Chatty
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey
| | - Ian Marshall
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick New Jersey
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19
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Kuschak M, Namasivayam V, Rafehi M, Voss JH, Garg J, Schlegel JG, Abdelrahman A, Kehraus S, Reher R, Küppers J, Sylvester K, Hinz S, Matthey M, Wenzel D, Fleischmann BK, Pfeifer A, Inoue A, Gütschow M, König GM, Müller CE. Cell-permeable high-affinity tracers for G q proteins provide structural insights, reveal distinct binding kinetics and identify small molecule inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1898-1916. [PMID: 31881095 PMCID: PMC7070167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose G proteins are intracellular switches that transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPCRs. The Gq protein subtypes, which are coupled to PLC activation, can act as oncogenes, and their expression was reported to be up‐regulated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Gq inhibition may be an efficient therapeutic strategy constituting a new level of intervention. However, diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs for Gq proteins are lacking. Experimental Approach We have now developed Gq‐specific, cell‐permeable 3H‐labelled high‐affinity probes based on the macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM‐254890 (YM). The tracers served to specifically label and quantify Gq proteins in their native conformation in cells and tissues with high accuracy. Key Results FR and YM displayed low nanomolar affinity for Gαq, Gα11 and Gα14 expressed in CRISPR/Cas9 Gαq‐knockout cells, but not for Gα15. The two structurally very similar tracers showed strikingly different dissociation kinetics, which is predicted to result in divergent biological effects. Computational studies suggested a “dowel” effect of the pseudoirreversibly binding FR. A high‐throughput binding assay led to the discovery of novel Gq inhibitors, which inhibited Gq signalling in recombinant cells and primary murine brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced differentiation. Conclusions and Implications The Gq protein inhibitors YM and FR are pharmacologically different despite similar structures. The new versatile tools and powerful assays will contribute to the advancement of the rising field of G protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan G Schlegel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michael Gütschow
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Selheim F, Aasebø E, Ribas C, Aragay AM. An Overview on G Protein-coupled Receptor-induced Signal Transduction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5293-5316. [PMID: 31032748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190429153247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of precursor myeloid-lineage cells in the bone marrow. AML is also characterized by patients with poor long-term survival outcomes due to relapse. Many efforts have been made to understand the biological heterogeneity of AML and the challenges to develop new therapies are therefore enormous. G Protein-coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are a large attractive drug-targeted family of transmembrane proteins, and aberrant GPCR expression and GPCR-mediated signaling have been implicated in leukemogenesis of AML. This review aims to identify the molecular players of GPCR signaling, focusing on the hematopoietic system, which are involved in AML to help developing novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. METHODS We undertook an exhaustive and structured search of bibliographic databases for research focusing on GPCR, GPCR signaling and expression in AML. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many scientific reports were found with compelling evidence for the involvement of aberrant GPCR expression and perturbed GPCR-mediated signaling in the development of AML. The comprehensive analysis of GPCR in AML provides potential clinical biomarkers for prognostication, disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance. It will also help to provide marker panels for monitoring in AML. We conclude that GPCR-mediated signaling is contributing to leukemogenesis of AML, and postulate that mass spectrometrybased protein profiling of primary AML cells will accelerate the discovery of potential GPCR related biomarkers for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Elise Aasebø
- The Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna M Aragay
- Departamento de Biologia Celular. Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Baldiri i Reixac, 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Meng X, Li X, Xu X, Li P, Chen Y, Fu X, Xu X. Elevated luteinizing hormone contributes to atherosclerosis formation by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis via PI3K/Akt pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 121:106582. [PMID: 31437529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contentious effects of estrogen therapy on the risk of postmenopausal cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicate that this type of atherosclerosis is not solely induced by estrogen deficiency. Other sex hormones such as elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) may also affect CVD risk in this population. We therefore explored the relationship between LH and atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. METHODS Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were assessed in OVX ApoE knock out (ApoE-/-) female mice administered with LH. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as cell model. The influence of LH on NO release, phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt levels were evaluated. Immunoprecipitation and lentiviral particle transfection were applied to assess the role of Gαq on PI3K activity. RESULTS LH increased the atherosclerotic lesion area and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in OVX ApoE-/- female mice. High levels of LH attenuated vasodilation induced by Ach and inhibited NO release from HUVECs. These effects were related to the findings that LH enhanced interaction between Gαq and p110α, which subsequently inhibited PI3K activity and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. CONCLUSIONS Elevated LH promotes atherosclerosis formation in OVX ApoE-/- female mice. This effect may be mediated by inhibiting endothelial NO synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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22
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Kankanamge D, Tennakoon M, Weerasinghe A, Cedeno-Rosario L, Chadee DN, Karunarathne A. G protein αq exerts expression level-dependent distinct signaling paradigms. Cell Signal 2019; 58:34-43. [PMID: 30849518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G protein αq-coupled receptors (Gq-GPCRs) primarily signal through GαqGTP mediated phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) stimulation and the subsequent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate (PIP2). Though Gq-heterotrimer activation results in both GαqGTP and Gβγ, unlike Gi/o-receptors, it is unclear if Gq-coupled receptors employ Gβγ as a major signal transducer. Compared to Gi/o- and Gs-coupled receptors, we observed that most cell types exhibit a limited free Gβγ generation upon Gq-pathway and Gαq/11 heterotrimer activation. We show that cells transfected with Gαq or endogenously expressing more than average-levels of Gαq/11 compared to Gαs and Gαi exhibit a distinct signaling regime primarily characterized by recovery-resistant PIP2 hydrolysis. Interestingly, the elevated Gq-expression is also associated with enhanced free Gβγ generation and signaling. Furthermore, the gene GNAQ, which encodes for Gαq, has recently been identified as a cancer driver gene. We also show that GNAQ is overexpressed in tumor samples of patients with Kidney Chromophobe (KICH) and Kidney renal papillary (KIRP) cell carcinomas in a matched tumor-normal sample analysis, which demonstrates the clinical significance of Gαq expression. Overall, our data indicates that cells usually express low Gαq levels, likely safeguarding cells from excessive calcium as wells as from Gβγ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kankanamge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amila Weerasinghe
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Luis Cedeno-Rosario
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Deborah N Chadee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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23
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Qian H, Wang M, Wang Y, Ying W, Zhang J, Huan Y, He Y, Liu Y, Shi G. Role of Galphaq in pathogenesis of psoriasis, a new mechanism about the immune regulation in psoriasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 68:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Zhang Z, Tan X, Luo J, Cui B, Lei S, Si Z, Shen L, Yao H. GNA13 promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by upregulating CXC chemokines via the NF-κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5611-5620. [PMID: 30267476 PMCID: PMC6246959 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GNA13 has been found overexpressed in various types of cancer, which is related to tumor metastasis and progression. However, the biological functions of GNA13 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of GNA13 in CRC and investigate the mechanism of how GNA13 promotes tumor growth. Interestingly, our findings showed that GNA13 is commonly upregulated in CRC, where these events are associated with a worse histologic grade and poor survival. Increased expression levels of GNA13 promoted cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas GNA13 silencing abrogated these malignant phenotypes. In addition, overexpressing GNA13 in cancer cells increased the levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL4, which contributed to CRC proliferation and colony formation. Moreover, our mechanistic investigations suggest that the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway was activated by the increase in GNA13 levels. Inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 pathway with an inhibitor decreased GNA13-induced migration, invasion and CXCL chemokine level increases, indicating the critical role of NF-κB/p65 signaling in mediating the effects of GNA13 in CRC. Together, these results demonstrate a key role of GNA13 overexpression in CRC that contributes to malignant behavior in cancer cells, at least in part through stimulating angiogenesis and increasing the levels of the NF-κB-dependent chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Beibei Cui
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Sanlin Lei
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhongzhou Si
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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25
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McAleer JP, Fan J, Roar B, Primerano DA, Denvir J. Cytokine Regulation in Human CD4 T Cells by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Gq-Coupled Receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10954. [PMID: 30026493 PMCID: PMC6053392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells contribute to host defense on mucosal surfaces but also provoke autoimmune diseases when directed against self-antigens. Identifying therapeutic targets that regulate Th17 cell differentiation and/or cytokine production has considerable value. Here, we study the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent transcriptome in human CD4 T cells treated with Th17-inducing cytokines. We show that the AhR reciprocally regulates IL-17 and IL-22 production in human CD4 T cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that AhR ligation decreased IL21 expression, correlating with delayed upregulation of RORC during culture with Th17-inducing cytokines. Several of the AhR-dependent genes have known roles in cellular assembly, organization, development, growth and proliferation. We further show that expression of GPR15, GPR55 and GPR68 positively correlates with IL-22 production in the presence of the AhR agonist FICZ. Activation of GPR68 with the lorazepam derivative ogerin resulted in suppression of IL-22 and IL-10 secretion by T cells, with no effect on IL-17. Under neutral Th0 conditions, ogerin and the Gq/11 receptor inhibitor YM254890 blunted IL-22 induction by FICZ. These data reveal the AhR-dependent transcriptome in human CD4 T cells and suggest the mechanism through which the AhR regulates T cell function may be partially dependent on Gq-coupled receptors including GPR68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P McAleer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Bryanna Roar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
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26
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Hopp L, Loeffler-Wirth H, Nersisyan L, Arakelyan A, Binder H. Footprints of Sepsis Framed Within Community Acquired Pneumonia in the Blood Transcriptome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1620. [PMID: 30065722 PMCID: PMC6056630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the blood transcriptome of sepsis framed within community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and characterized its molecular and cellular heterogeneity in terms of functional modules of co-regulated genes with impact for the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Our results showed that CAP severity is associated with immune suppression owing to T-cell exhaustion and HLA and chemokine receptor deactivation, endotoxin tolerance, macrophage polarization, and metabolic conversion from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. We also found footprints of host's response to viruses and bacteria, altered levels of mRNA from erythrocytes and platelets indicating coagulopathy that parallel severity of sepsis and survival. Finally, our data demonstrated chromatin re-modeling associated with extensive transcriptional deregulation of chromatin modifying enzymes, which suggests the extensive changes of DNA methylation with potential impact for marker selection and functional characterization. Based on the molecular footprints identified, we propose a novel stratification of CAP cases into six groups differing in the transcriptomic scores of CAP severity, interferon response, and erythrocyte mRNA expression with impact for prognosis. Our analysis increases the resolution of transcriptomic footprints of CAP and reveals opportunities for selecting sets of transcriptomic markers with impact for translation of omics research in terms of patient stratification schemes and sets of signature genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hopp
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Group of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Lai W, Cai Y, Zhou J, Chen S, Qin C, Yang C, Liu J, Xie X, Du C. Deficiency of the G protein Gαq ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with impaired DC-derived IL-6 production and Th17 differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:557-567. [PMID: 28216651 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and ~40% of all identified GPCRs rely on the Gαq/11 G protein family to stimulate inositol lipid signaling. However, the function of Gα subunits in MS pathogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we attempted to determine the role of Gαq in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-known mouse model of MS. We discovered that compared with wild-type mice, Gαq-knockout mice exhibited less severe EAE symptoms, with lower clinical scores, reduced leukocyte infiltration and less extensive demyelination. Moreover, a significantly lower percentage of Th17 cells, one of the key players in MS pathogenesis, was observed in Gαq-knockout EAE mice. Studies in vitro demonstrated that deficiency of Gαq in CD4+ T cells directly impaired Th17 differentiation. In addition, deficiency of Gαq significantly impaired DC-derived IL-6 production, thus inhibiting Th17 differentiation and the Gαq-PLCβ-PKC and Gαq-MAPKs signaling pathways involved in the reduced IL-6 production by DCs. In summary, our data highlighted the critical role of Gαq in regulating Th17 differentiation and MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chaoyan Qin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cuixia Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Xie
- National Center for Drug Screening, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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