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Pramanik R, Dey A, Chakrabarty AK, Banerjee D, Narwaria A, Sharma S, Rai RK, Katiyar CK, Dubey SK. Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Understanding disease mechanisms, their correlation, and promising dual activity of selected herbs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118402. [PMID: 38821139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review explores the link between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). It emphasizes the shared pathophysiological links and mechanisms between the two conditions, focusing on reduced insulin levels and receptors, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative damage in AD-affected brains-paralleling aspects of T2DM. The review suggests AD as a "diabetes of the brain," supported by cognitive enhancement through antidiabetic interventions. It focuses on the traditionally used Indian herbs as a means to manage both conditions while addressing developmental challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explores the DM-AD connection, reviewing medicinal herbs with protective potential for both ailments, considering traditional uses and developmental challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studied research, reviews, and ethnobotanical and scientific data from electronic databases and traditional books. RESULTS The study analyzes the pathophysiological links between DM and AD, emphasizing their interconnected factors. Eight Ayurvedic plants with dual protective effects against T2DM and AD are thoroughly reviewed with preclinical/clinical evidence. Historical context, phytoconstituents, and traditional applications are explored. Innovative formulations using these plants are examined. Challenges stemming from phytoconstituents' physicochemical properties are highlighted, prompting novel formulation development, including nanotechnology-based delivery systems. The study uncovers obstacles in formulating treatments for these diseases. CONCLUSION The review showcases the dual potential of chosen medicinal herbs against both diseases, along with their traditional applications, endorsing their use. It addresses formulation obstacles, proposing innovative delivery technologies for herbal therapies, while acknowledging their constraints. The review suggests the need for heightened investment and research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Pramanik
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Anuradha Dey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | | | - Dipankar Banerjee
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Avinash Narwaria
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajiva Kumar Rai
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Chandra Kant Katiyar
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India.
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Jeyasri R, Muthuramalingam P, Priya A, Alexpandi R, Shanmugam NRS, Nivetha S, Shin H, Pandian SK, Ravi AV, Ramesh M. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation of therapeutic potential of Bacopa-derived asiatic acid against a human oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404012. [PMID: 38983632 PMCID: PMC11231090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common human oral disease worldwide, caused by an acid-producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The use of synthetic drugs and antibiotics to prevent dental caries has been increasing, but this can lead to severe side effects. To solve this issue, developing and developed countries have resorted to herbal medicines as an alternative to synthetic drugs for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for plant-derived products to treat such diseases. Bacopa monnieri, a well-documented medicinal plant, contains 52 phytocompounds, including the pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolite known as asiatic acid (ASTA). Hence, this study aimed to demonstrate, for the first time, the antibacterial activity of phytocompound ASTA against S. mutans. The findings revealed that ASTA significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans and the production of virulence factors such as acidurity, acidogenicity, and eDNA synthesis. Molecular docking analysis evaluated the potential activity of ASTA against S. mutans virulence genes, including VicR and GtfC. Furthermore, toxicity assessment of ASTA in human buccal epithelial cells was performed, and no morphological changes were observed. An in vivo analysis using Danio rerio (zebrafish) confirmed that the ASTA treatment significantly increased the survival rates of infected fish by hindering the intestinal colonization of S. mutans. Furthermore, the disease protection potential of ASTA against the pathognomonic symptom of S. mutans infection was proven by the histopathological examination of the gills, gut, and kidney. Overall, these findings suggest that ASTA may be a promising therapeutic and alternative drug for the treatment and prevention of oral infection imposed by S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rajaiah Alexpandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - N. R. Siva Shanmugam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Saminathan Nivetha
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ansari F, Sohel M, Haidary MMH, Mostaq MS, Akter S, Nahar A, Labony FZ, Ahmed A, Hasan MS, Babu MH, Amin MN. Therapeutic potential of clinically proven natural products in the management of dementia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27233. [PMID: 38533051 PMCID: PMC10963206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common neurodegenerative disorder connected to damage to nerve cells in the brain. Although some conventional drugs are available for dementia treatments and are still sanctified for dementia patients, their short- and long-term side effects and other limitations make treating patients more challenging. The authors aimed to explain novel options for treating dementia with natural products and unravel some clinically proven natural products. This article systematically reviewed recent studies that have investigated the role of natural products and their bioactive compounds for dementia. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter.In this review, we provide mechanistic insights of clinically validated natural products, including like- Yokukansan, Souvenaid, BDW, Hupergene, Bacopa monnier, Omega-3, Tramiprostate and Palmitoylethanolamide with which have therapeutic efficacy against dementia in the management of dementia. As shown by studies, certain natural ingredients could be used to treat and prevent dementia. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against dementia with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments. Moreover, these products should be studied further in order to develop novel dementia medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Health Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Saqline Mostaq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | - Asrafun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | | | - Arman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Shamim Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Hasem Babu
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Pratyasha Health Biomedical Research Center, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1230. Bangladesh
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4
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Valotto Neto LJ, Reverete de Araujo M, Moretti Junior RC, Mendes Machado N, Joshi RK, dos Santos Buglio D, Barbalho Lamas C, Direito R, Fornari Laurindo L, Tanaka M, Barbalho SM. Investigating the Neuroprotective and Cognitive-Enhancing Effects of Bacopa monnieri: A Systematic Review Focused on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38671841 PMCID: PMC11047749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population has increased the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions. Bacopa monnieri (BM), an herb with active compounds, such as bacosides A and B, betulinic acid, loliolide, asiatic acid, and quercetin, demonstrates the potential for brain health. Limited research has been conducted on the therapeutic applications of BM in neurodegenerative conditions. This systematic review aims to project BM's beneficial role in brain disorders. BM has anti-apoptotic and antioxidant actions and can repair damaged neurons, stimulate kinase activity, restore synaptic function, improve nerve transmission, and increase neuroprotection. The included twenty-two clinical trials demonstrated that BM can reduce Nuclear Factor-κB phosphorylation, improve emotional function, cognitive functions, anhedonia, hyperactivity, sleep routine, depression, attention deficit, learning problems, memory retention, impulsivity, and psychiatric problems. Moreover, BM can reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress. Here, we highlight that BM provides notable therapeutic benefits and can serve as a complementary approach for the care of patients with neurodegenerative conditions associated with brain disorders. This review adds to the growing interest in natural products and their potential therapeutic applications by improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive function and neurodegeneration and informing the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz José Valotto Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Matheus Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Renato Cesar Moretti Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Nathalia Mendes Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Joshi
- Department of Education, Government of Uttarakhand, Nainital 263001, India;
| | - Daiane dos Santos Buglio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
| | - Caroline Barbalho Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical School of Marilia (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.J.V.N.); (M.R.d.A.); (R.C.M.J.); (N.M.M.); (D.d.S.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
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5
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Preethy H A, Venkatakrishnan YB, Ramakrishnan V, Krishnan UM. A network pharmacological approach for the identification of potential therapeutic targets of Brahmi Nei - a complex traditional Siddha formulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38459935 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Brahmi Nei (BN), a traditional Indian polyherbal formulation has been described in classical texts for the treatment of anxiety and depression, as well as to fortify the immune system. The individual herbs of BN have been used for treatment of wide range of disorders including cognition, inflammation, skin ailments and cancer etc., This diverse basket of therapeutic activity suggests that BN may possess therapeutic benefits to other disorders. So, the present study aims to identify the potential therapeutic targets of BN using a network pharmacological approach to comprehend the multi target action of its multiple phytoconstituents. We have employed Randić Index for the first time to calculate the contribution score of module segregated targets towards diseases. Our results suggests that BN targets could also be effective in other diseases such as lysosomal storage disorders, respiratory disorders etc., apart from neurological disorders. The key targets with highest topological measures of Targets-(Pathway)-Targets network were identified as potential therapeutic targets of BN. And the top hit target PTGS2, a gene encoding for cyclooxygenase-2 was further evaluated using molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and in vitro studies. Our findings open up new therapeutic facets for BN that can be explored systematically in future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Preethy H
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | | | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education (SASHE), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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6
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Nopparat J, Sujipuli K, Ratanasut K, Weerawatanakorn M, Prasarnpun S, Thongbai B, Laothaworn W, Inthima P. Exploring the excellence of commercial Brahmi products from Thai online markets: Unraveling phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties and DNA damage protection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24509. [PMID: 38304802 PMCID: PMC10831600 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.) is extensively used as a nutritional supplement in various commercial products as the plant contains abundant phytochemicals and has antioxidant properties. This study assessed the phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties, and DNA damage protection among seven Brahmi products sold through Thai online markets. Results showed that the P6 sample exhibited 3.5-7.5 fold higher bacoside contents than values observed in the other six product samples. The P6 sample also demonstrated the highest TTC, TFC, and TPC compared to the other brands. For antioxidant activity, the samples (P1-P7) displayed high capacity to scavenge DPPH free radicals with slightly significant differences ranging from 78.37 ± 0.25 to 87.21 ± 0.05 at p-value ≤0.01. The P6 sample showed strong protection against H2O2-induced oxidation of DNA strand breakage, indicating highly potent phytochemical compounds with effective free radical scavenging activity, and the ability to prevent DNA damage. The P6 sample showed promise as a valuable ingredient for the development of functional food products. However, further in vivo animal and clinical studies are required to explore the neuroprotective enhancement effects of Brahmi extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nopparat
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Navamindradhiraj University, 3, White Road, Vajira Hospital, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Kawee Sujipuli
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kumrop Ratanasut
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Surisak Prasarnpun
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Bussagon Thongbai
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Walailak Laothaworn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phithak Inthima
- Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Muchhara J, Vachhani K, Dave S, Patel R, Lavle N, Kukadia D, Patel A, Patel C, Gokani R, Mahadevan B. Safety evaluation of the genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of standardized Bacopa extract (Bacognize ®) from Bacopa monnieri. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473231162859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri is an important medicinal plant widely used in various food systems and gaining interest these days for its health benefits such as boosting brain function and improving quality of life. The objective of the present study was to examine the safety of Bacognize®, a standardized botanical extract obtained from the whole herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., in subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity studies conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and test guidelines established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In the subchronic toxicity study, treatment with Bacognize® did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical observations, and in the clinical pathology as studied by hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and terminal necropsy. Treatment-related adverse effects were not observed in ophthalmic examinations, body weights, body weight gains, feed consumption, and organ weights. The results of genotoxicity studies as assessed by gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, in vitro chromosome aberrations and in vivo micronucleus test did not reveal any genotoxicity of Bacognize ®. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Bacognize® was established based on the subchronic study and was determined as at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day. These results indicate that Bacognize® does not cause significant adverse effects and suggest its tolerability up to 1000 mg/kg (highest dose tested) for the daily administration of 90 days in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Muchhara
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kapil Vachhani
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sandip Dave
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rikesh Patel
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neha Lavle
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dhaval Kukadia
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Avnish Patel
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Chintan Patel
- Pre-Clinical Department, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rina Gokani
- ACCUPREC Research Lab Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
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Devadasa Acharya S, Ullal SD, Blossom V, Parida A, Noushida N. Levetiracetam exposure during prenatal and postnatal period induces cognitive decline in rat offsprings, not completely prevented by Bacopa monnieri. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:897-903. [PMID: 34284529 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic recommended during pregnancy. Bacopa monneri is a medicinal herb used in Ayurveda for improvement of cognition. Data on effects of LEV and Bacopa on cognition is inadequate. The study evaluated the cognitive effects of LEV on rat offspring of dams exposed to LEV and whether pretreatment with Bacopa monnieri, inhibits the potential cognitive decline by LEV. METHODS Pregnant rats were allocated into four groups of three rats each. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received 2% gum acacia, LEV 270 mg/kg, LEV 270 mg/kg + Bacopa 100 mg/kg and LEV 270 mg/kg + Bacopa 200 mg/kg respectively during pregnancy and lactation. Three pups from all dams were chosen at random and exposed to passive avoidance, Hebb-Williams and Morris water maze tests to check for their cognition and relevant histopathology was done. RESULTS In the passive avoidance model groups 3 and 4, showed an increase in escape latency compared with group 2, demonstrating an improved learning (p=0.05). In Hebb-Williams maze, the time taken to reach reward chamber by group 2 increased compared to group 1, p=0.006, showing cognitive decline. Neuronal count in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex decreased significantly in group 2, which improved in group 3 & 4 however there was distortion of architecture in group 4. CONCLUSIONS LEV exposure in intrauterine and neonatal period induced cognitive decline in rat offsprings and Bacopa 100 mg/kg prevented LEV induced cognitive decline. However safety of exposure to Bacopa during the gestation period has to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Devadasa Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 575001 Karnataka, India
| | - Sheetal D Ullal
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 575001 Karnataka, India
| | - Vandana Blossom
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Parida
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nadira Noushida
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 575001 Karnataka, India
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Narayanan VA, Sharma A, S. RK, R. AT, P. GM, S. P, John A. Bilosomes as a Potential Carrier to Enhance Cognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri Extract on Oral Administration. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda employs Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) for memory enhancement. This study attempts to prepare and test a more potent formulation by incorporating BME in nanovesicles. BME-loaded liposomes and bilosomes (bile salt-stabilized liposomes) were formulated using soy phosphatidylcholine. Liposomes and bilosomes had homogeneous size distribution and an average size of 285.7 nm and 84 nm, respectively, with satisfactory zeta potential. Spherical multilamellar bilosomes and unilamellar liposomes were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM), with BME entrapment efficiency of 85% and 45%, respectively. During a 72 h interval, bilosomes and liposomes released 78% and 65% of the loaded BME, exhibiting a biphasic release, following the Higuchi model diffusion. Both liposomes and bilosomes were stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. When tested on dementia-induced Swiss albino mouse models using the Y-maze apparatus, the bilosome-treated group showed significant cognition enhancement activity than those treated with liposomal vesicles. The better pharmacological effect shown by bilosomes may be attributed to better bioavailability, possibly augmented by higher entrapment efficiency, and improved vesicle integrity afforded by bile salts. Likewise, bilosomes were more stable than liposomes in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Taken together, innovative formulation techniques hold substantial promise for enhancing the ethnopharmacological claims of BME.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Anoop Narayanan
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankitha Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh K. S.
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arunraj T. R.
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gururaj M. P.
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parasuraman S.
- Unit Head, Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Anish John
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jeyasri R, Muthuramalingam P, Adarshan S, Shin H, Ramesh M. Assessing the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Bacopa-Derived Bioactive Compounds Using Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40344-40354. [PMID: 36385888 PMCID: PMC9647831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri is reported as a potent Indian medicinal plant that possesses numerous pharmacological activities due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. These pharmacological activities were used in the ancient medicine system to cure inflammatory conditions. Bacopa has the ability to reduce acute pain and inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reducing COX-2-arbitrated prostanoid mediators. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory property may also be associated with the neuroprotective activity of Bacopa. Considering this importance, the current pilot study focused on the anti-inflammatory potential of various phytocompounds of bacopa and their interaction with inflammation responsible genes such as COX2, iNOS, LOX, STAT3, CCR1, and MMP9 through pharmacology analysis of its systems. Docking results revealed that, quercetin (QR) showed significant binding energies with inflammatory genes. Hence, we selected QR as a potential phytocompound for further in vitro experiments. This existing study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of QR as a potent anti-inflammatory compound against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The in vitro analysis concludes that QR effectively reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and downregulates the expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes due to the inhibitory potential of QR on LPS-stimulated NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department
of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department
of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Division
of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Korea
- Agri-Food
Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju, 52725, Korea
| | - Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division
of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52725, Korea
- Agri-Food
Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju, 52725, Korea
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Sahu R, Gupta PK, Mishra A, Kumar A. Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:470-480. [PMID: 36094769 PMCID: PMC9465656 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sahu
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.,Ayurinformatics Lab, Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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12
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Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Elkady WM, Khan I, Alsaffar RM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972379. [PMID: 36061899 PMCID: PMC9436272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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13
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Goyal A, Gopika S, Kumar A, Garabadu D. A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Evidence Based Neuroprotective Potential of Bacopa Monnieri Against Parkinson's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:889-901. [PMID: 35297345 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220316091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's diseaseis a chronic and gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder triggered due to the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the region of substantianigra pars compacta characterized by the motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability. Proteinopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction induced dopaminergic neuronal deterioration, and gene mutations arethe hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The bioactive components of Brahmi such as Bacoside A, Bacoside B, and Bacosaponins, belong to various chemical families. Brahmi's neuroprotective role includes reducing neuronal oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, aggregation inhibition of α-synuclein, and improvement of cognitive and learning behaviour. Researchers found that Bacopa monnieri significantly increased brain levels of glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Brahmi has a potent antioxidant property and neuroprotective effects against PD that help reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and enhance the dopamine level. The review collates all the preclinical studies that prove the beneficial neuroprotective effect of Brahmi for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
| | - S Gopika
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University 17-Km. stone, NH-2 Mathura-Delhi Highway, P.O. Chaumuhan, Mathura-281406 (U.P.), India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda- 151001, Punjab, India
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The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7020024. [PMID: 35314596 PMCID: PMC8938774 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired cognition, memory loss, and altered personality. Many of the available pharmaceutical treatments do not alter the onset of disease progression. Recently, alternatives to developed drug candidates have been explored including medicinal plants and herbal treatments for the treatment of AD. This article examines the role of herbal plant extracts and the neuroprotective effects as alternative modes of intervention for AD progression. These extracts contain key metabolites that culminate alterations in AD progression. The traditional plant extracts explored in this article induce a variety of beneficial properties, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and enhanced cognition, while also inducing activity on AD drug targets such as Aβ degradation. While these neuroprotective aspects for AD are relatively recent, there is great potential in the drug discovery aspect of these plant extracts for future use in AD treatment.
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15
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Enhanced production of Bacopa saponins by repeated batch strategy in bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:829-841. [PMID: 35119526 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of cell suspension culture of Bacopa monnieri targeting the production of bacosides was explored in a 5-l stirred tank reactor using statistically optimized conditions. The bioreactor cultivation conditions were modified and this led to profuse biomass growth (2.81 ± 0.20 g/l) and total bacosides (1.26 ± 0.23 mg/g in cells and 0.60 ± 0.11 mg/l in fermenter broth) production in 9 days. The values of static volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), dimensionless mixing time (Nm) were measured in the bioreactor. The culture grew efficiently and produced enhanced amount of bacoside A (5.59 ± 0.41 mg/g total bacosides in cells and 3.12 ± 0.13 mg/l in the fermenter broth) using one cycle of repeated batch strategy adopted in the bioreactor for 15 days. The intracellular concentration of bacoside A3 (1.18 ± 0.11 mg/g), bacopaside II (2.09 ± 0.35 mg/g), bacopaside X (0.79 ± 0.17 mg/g) and bacopasaponin C (2.24 ± 0.23 mg/g) were significantly higher in repeated batch as compared to batch bioreactor cultivation. The yield of total bacosides in the fermenter broth was 5-times higher in repeated batch as compared to batch cultivation. This strategy can be helpful for the enhanced production of other valuable triterpenoid saponins.
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Can Nutrients and Dietary Supplements Potentially Improve Cognitive Performance Also in Esports? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020186. [PMID: 35206801 PMCID: PMC8872051 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors influencing brain function and cognitive performance can be critical to athletic performance of esports athletes. This review aims to discuss the potential beneficial effects of micronutrients, i.e., vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances on cognitive functions of e-athletes. Minerals (iodine, zinc, iron, magnesium) and vitamins (B vitamins, vitamins E, D, and C) are significant factors that positively influence cognitive functions. Prevention of deficiencies of the listed ingredients and regular examinations can support cognitive processes. The beneficial effects of caffeine, creatine, and probiotics have been documented so far. There are many plant products, herbal extracts, or phytonutrients that have been shown to affect precognitive activity, but more research is needed. Beetroot juice and nootropics can also be essential nutrients for cognitive performance. For the sake of players’ eyesight, it would be useful to use lutein, which, in addition to improving vision and protecting against eye diseases, can also affect cognitive functions. In supporting the physical and mental abilities of e-athletes the base is a well-balanced diet with adequate hydration. There is a lack of sufficient evidence that has investigated the relationship between dietary effects and improved performance in esports. Therefore, there is a need for randomized controlled trials involving esports players.
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Lorca C, Mulet M, Arévalo-Caro C, Sanchez MÁ, Perez A, Perrino M, Bach-Faig A, Aguilar-Martínez A, Vilella E, Gallart-Palau X, Serra A. Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5521-5545. [PMID: 34978226 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substances with modulatory capabilities on certain aspects of human cognition have been revered as nootropics from the dawn of time. The plant kingdom provides most of the currently available nootropics of natural origin. Here, in this systematic review, we aim to provide state-of-the-art information regarding proven and unproven effects of plant-derived nootropics (PDNs) on human cognition in conditions of health and disease. Six independent searches, one for each neurocognitive domain (NCD), were performed in parallel using three independent scientific library databases: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus. Only scientific studies and systematic reviews with humans published between January 2000 and November 2021 were reviewed, and 256 papers were included. Ginkgo biloba was the most relevant nootropic regarding perceptual and motor functions. Bacopa monnieri improves language, learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) modulates anxiety and social-related cognitions. Caffeine enhances attention and executive functions. Together, the results from the compiled studies highlight the nootropic effects and the inconsistencies regarding PDNs that require further research.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorca
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Catalina Arévalo-Caro
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanchez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Perez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Perrino
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Effects of a Bacopa monnieri extract (Bacognize®) on stress, fatigue, quality of life and sleep in adults with self-reported poor sleep: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Lewis JE, Poles J, Shaw DP, Karhu E, Khan SA, Lyons AE, Sacco SB, McDaniel HR. The effects of twenty-one nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function: A narrative review. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:575-620. [PMID: 34541370 PMCID: PMC8445631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brain health is becoming more important to the average person as the number of people with cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rising significantly. The current Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapeutics for dementia neither cure nor halt cognitive decline; they just delay the worsening cognitive impairment. This narrative review summarizes the effects of nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was performed to find clinical trials in humans that assessed the effects of nutrients and phytonutrients on cognitive function published in English between 2000 and 2021. Six independent reviewers evaluated the articles for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Ninety-six articles were summarized in this narrative review. In total 21 categories of nutrients and phytonutrients were included, i.e., α-lipoic acid, Bacopa monnieri, B vitamins, cholinergic precursors, vitamin D, vitamin E, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, lion's mane mushroom, N-acetyl cysteine, omega-3 fatty acids, aloe polysaccharides, Rhodiola rosea, rosemary, saffron, tart cherries, turmeric, wild yam, Withania somnifera, xanthines, and zinc. Particular noteworthy effects on cognition included memory, recollection, attention, intelligence, vocabulary, recognition, response inhibition, arousal, performance enhancement, planning, creative thinking, reaction time, vigilance, task switching, orientation to time, place, and person, reading, writing, comprehension, accuracy, learning, information processing speed, executive function, mental flexibility, daily functioning, decrease in mental fatigue, and freedom from distractibility. Some nutrients and phytonutrients also improved mood and contentedness and reduced anxiety and the need for caregiving. These effects are not completely consistent or ubiquitous across all patient populations or health statuses. Adverse effects were minimal or nonexistent. CONCLUSION Due to the growing population of people with cognitive impairment and the lack of effective pharmacotherapeutics, it is prudent for those afflicted or their caregivers to find alternative treatments. Our narrative review shows that many of these nutrients and phytonutrients may be promising for treating some aspects of cognitive impairment, especially for people afflicted with AD. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS As demonstrated in a number of clinical trials, healthy adults and patients with various health challenges (e.g., AD, mild cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease) exhibiting a wide range of severity in cognitive defects would be best served to consider multiple nutrients and phytonutrients to improve aspects of their cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jillian Poles
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Delaney P. Shaw
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Karhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Annabel E. Lyons
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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20
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Crawford C, Boyd C, Deuster PA. Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Optimizing Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:940-958. [PMID: 34370563 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements promoted for brain health and enhanced cognitive performance are widely available. Claims made for these products are directed not only to the elderly wishing to prevent or mitigate cognitive decline, but also young healthy populations looking to boost their cognitive performance. It is unclear whether these claims made on product bottles and through advertising match the science. Objectives: To explore the evidence on the efficacy and safety of single dietary supplement ingredients frequently marketed with claims of enhanced cognitive performance among healthy adults. Design: A systematic review. Results: Nine of 54 dietary supplement ingredients identified through a scoping review met the eligibility criteria with at least 3 published studies identified per ingredient, yielding 69 unique publications. Ingredients evaluated included Bacopa monnieri, choline, creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, tyrosine, and valerian root, all in supplement form and compared with a placebo, at various serving sizes and durations of use. Conclusions: The low level of certainty in the state of the science, coupled with not always knowing what is in a dietary supplement product, make weighing risks and benefits difficult; these data hinder the ability to develop recommendations about using such ingredients for consumers interested in boosting their cognitive performance. Whereas certain trends regarding promising serving sizes or duration for use, are pointed to in this synthesis, when combined, studies are inconsistent and imprecise, and many are methodologically flawed. Potential solutions to address research gaps are offered, for future research next steps, which is needed to strengthen the evidence and inform decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Alzobaidi N, Quasimi H, Emad NA, Alhalmi A, Naqvi M. Bioactive Compounds and Traditional Herbal Medicine: Promising Approaches for the Treatment of Dementia. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 11:1-14. [PMID: 33880073 PMCID: PMC8051957 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s299589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a term that encompasses a group of clinical symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities, characterized by progressive impairment of memory performance and cognitive functions. There are several factors involved in the pathogenesis and progression of dementia, such as old age, brain ischemia, toxin exposure, and oxidative stress. There are extensive similarities between dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) either in clinical manifestations or experimental animal models. AD is the most dominant form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein and cholinergic neurotransmission deficits in the brain. Currently available medications for the treatment of dementia, such as choline esterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists (memantine), have short-term efficacy and only relieve symptoms rather than targeting the main underlying pathogenesis. Several animal studies and clinical trials are being conducted to provide a rational approach to these medicinal plants in the prevention or treatment of memory deficits. This review highlights the potential effects of medicinal plants and their derived lead molecules, and explains the related mechanisms and effects reviewed from published literature as major thrust aspects and hopeful strategies in the prevention or treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafaa Alzobaidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Huma Quasimi
- Department of Physiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasr A Emad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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McPhee GM, Downey LA, Wesnes KA, Stough C. The Neurocognitive Effects of Bacopa monnieri and Cognitive Training on Markers of Brain Microstructure in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638109. [PMID: 33692683 PMCID: PMC7937913 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (BM) is a herbal supplement that increases signaling molecules implicated in synaptogenesis. Combined with cognitive stimulation, it may be a viable supplement to enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) and improve cognitive health in older adults. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial asked 28 healthy adults aged over 55 years to complete cognitive training (CT) 3 hours weekly for 12 weeks. Fifteen consumed a standardized extract of BM and 13 consumed a placebo daily. Cognitive tasks, life-satisfaction, memory complaints and mood were assessed, and bloods analyzed for serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) before and after 12-weeks of the intervention. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were also analyzed. Results demonstrated slower reaction time in an image discrimination task in the BM group and faster reaction time in a spatial working memory task (SWM-O RT) in the placebo group. Mean accuracy was higher in the BM group for these tasks, suggesting a change in the speed accuracy trade-off. Exploratory neuroimaging analysis showed increased WM mean diffusivity (MD) and GM dispersion of neurites (orientation dispersion index, ODI) and decreased WM fractional anisotropy (FA) and GM neurite density (ND) in the BM group. No other outcomes reached statistical significance. An increase in ODI with a decrease in MD and ND in the BM group may indicate an increase in network complexity (through higher dendritic branching) accompanied by dendritic pruning to enhance network efficiency. These neuroimaging outcomes conflict with the behavioral results, which showed poorer reaction time in the BM group. Given the exploratory outcomes and inconsistent findings between the behavioral and neuroimaging data, a larger study is needed to confirm the synaptogenic mechanisms of BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McPhee
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke A Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keith A Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Wesnes Cognition Ltd., Streatley, United Kingdom.,University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Brimson JM, Brimson S, Prasanth MI, Thitilertdecha P, Malar DS, Tencomnao T. The effectiveness of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. as a nootropic, neuroprotective, or antidepressant supplement: analysis of the available clinical data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:596. [PMID: 33436817 PMCID: PMC7803732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst. has been used in traditional medicine as a drug to enhance and improve memory. In this regard, this study aims to provide B. monnieri's efficacy as a neuroprotective drug and as a nootropic against various neurological diseases. Literatures were collected, following Prisma guidelines, from databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct and were scrutinized using a quality scoring system. Means, standard deviations and 'n' numbers were extracted from the metrics and analyzed. Jamovi computer software for Mac was used to carry out the meta-analysis. The selected studies suggested that the plant extracts were able to show some improvements in healthy subjects which were determined in Auditory Verbal Learning Task, digit span-reverse test, inspection time task and working memory, even though it was not significant, as no two studies found statistically significant changes in the same two tests. B. monnieri was able to express modest improvements in subjects with memory loss, wherein only a few of the neuropsychological tests showed statistical significance. B. monnieri in a cocktail with other plant extracts were able to significantly reduce the effects of Alzheimer's disease, and depression which cannot be solely credited as the effect of B. monnieri. Although in one study B. monnieri was able to potentiate the beneficial effects of citalopram; on the whole, currently, there are only limited studies to establish the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective effects of B. monnieri. More studies have to be done in the future by comparing the effect with standard drugs, in order to establish these effects clinically in the plant and corroborate the preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Brimson
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sirikalaya Brimson
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Siriraj Research Group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Roe AL, Venkataraman A. The Safety and Efficacy of Botanicals with Nootropic Effects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1442-1467. [PMID: 34315377 PMCID: PMC8762178 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210726150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent estimates for the global brain health supplement category, i.e. nootropic market size, will grow to nearly $5.8 billion by 2023. Overall, nearly one-quarter (23%) of adults currently take a supplement to maintain or improve brain health or delay and reverse dementia. Not surprisingly, the use of such supplements increases with age - more than one-third of the oldest generation (ages 74 and older) takes a supplement for brain health. This widespread use is being driven by a strong desire both in the younger and older generations to enhance cognitive performance and achieve healthy aging. The most prevalent botanicals currently dominating the nootropic marketplace include Gingko biloba, American ginseng, and Bacopa monnieri. However, other botanicals that affect stress, focus, attention, and sleep have also been procured by dietary supplement companies developing products for improving both, short and long-term brain health. This review focuses on efficacy data for neuroactive botanicals targeted at improving cognitive function, stress reduction, memory, mood, attention, concentration, focus, and alertness, including Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, Holy basil, American ginseng, Gotu kola, Lemon balm, Common and Spanish sages and spearmint. Botanicals are discussed in terms of available clinical efficacy data and current safety profiles. Data gaps are highlighted for both efficacy and safety to bring attention to unmet needs and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Roe
- Personal Healthcare Division, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Arvind Venkataraman
- Personal Healthcare Division, The Procter & Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
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Improvement of Executive Function after Short-Term Administration of an Antioxidants Mix Containing Bacopa, Lycopene, Astaxanthin and Vitamin B12: The BLAtwelve Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010056. [PMID: 33375429 PMCID: PMC7824614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few years increasing interest has been focused on antioxidants as potentially useful agents in the prevention of the onset and progression of cognitive dysfunction. In this randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel arm study, the effects of daily consumption of an antioxidant mix on cognitive function in healthy older adults were evaluated. After a 1 week run-in period, 80 subjects aged 60 years or more, and with no evidence of cognitive dysfunction, were randomly allocated to a mix of four bioactive compounds (bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12) or matched placebo, taken orally once a day for 8 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in trial making test (TMT) scores from baseline to 8 weeks of treatment, analyzed in the following hierarchical order: TMT-B, TMT-A, and TMT-B minus TMT-A. TMT-B increased in the control group (+3.46 s) and decreased in the active group (−17.63 s). The treatment difference was −21.01 s in favor of the active group (95% C.I. −26.80 to −15.2, p < 0.0001). The decrease in TMT-A was significantly higher in the active group (−6.86 s) than in the control group (−0.37 s). TMT-B minus TMT-A increased in the control group (+3.84 s) and decreased in the active group (−10.46 s). The increase in letter fluency in the verbal fluency test (VFT) was also significantly higher in the active group and statistically significant (+5.28 vs. +1.07 words; p < 0.001). Our findings provide encouraging evidence that regular dietary supplementation with bacopa, lycopene, astaxanthin, and vitamin B12 may be an effective dietary approach for counteracting cognitive changes associated with brain aging.
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Dhanjal DS, Bhardwaj S, Sharma R, Bhardwaj K, Kumar D, Chopra C, Nepovimova E, Singh R, Kuca K. Plant Fortification of the Diet for Anti-Ageing Effects: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3008. [PMID: 33007945 PMCID: PMC7601865 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an enigmatic and progressive biological process which undermines the normal functions of living organisms with time. Ageing has been conspicuously linked to dietary habits, whereby dietary restrictions and antioxidants play a substantial role in slowing the ageing process. Oxygen is an essential molecule that sustains human life on earth and is involved in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that pose certain health complications. The ROS are believed to be a significant factor in the progression of ageing. A robust lifestyle and healthy food, containing dietary antioxidants, are essential for improving the overall livelihood and decelerating the ageing process. Dietary antioxidants such as adaptogens, anthocyanins, vitamins A/D/C/E and isoflavones slow the ageing phenomena by reducing ROS production in the cells, thereby improving the life span of living organisms. This review highlights the manifestations of ageing, theories associated with ageing and the importance of diet management in ageing. It also discusses the available functional foods as well as nutraceuticals with anti-ageing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (R.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (R.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
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Jonnalagadda B, Arockiasamy S, Vetrivel U, P A A. In silico docking of phytocompounds to identify potent inhibitors of signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5182-5208. [PMID: 32643549 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1785944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) are the master regulators in the development of prostate cancer. Majority of the patients show positive response to surgical or medical castration, while many patients show disease relapse after the treatment. Genomic profiling has proven that the deregulated PI3K, Ras/Raf, MAPK and EGFR signaling pathways confer survival and invasion advantage to the cancer cells. Thus, modulation of these interlinked growth pathways along with androgen ablation may provide attractive therapeutic benefits. The current research is focused to identify the inhibitors of these pathways with bacosides and Piperine. The quantitative estimation of bacosides enriched standard extract of Bacopa monnieri by HPTLC showed 59.38% of Bacoside A and various active compounds with anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory properties were also analyzed by GC-MS analysis. The in-vitro cytotoxic study against PC3 cell lines showed dose-dependent effect of Piperine and the extract. Further, in silico docking has shown bacosides with significant molecular interactions and binding score with growth factor receptors such as EGFR, PI3K, Akt and ERK, whereas Piperine exhibited interactions with AR. Hence, a simultaneous downregulation of interlinked signaling pathways of growth factors and AR with bacosides and Piperine may produce effective cytotoxic potential against the androgen-independent prostate cancer. Further in-vitro and in-vivo experimental investigations are necessary to determine the ultimate therapeutic utility. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Jonnalagadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Abhinand P A
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Bacosides Encapsulated in Lactoferrin Conjugated PEG-PLA-PCL-OH Based Polymersomes Act as Epigenetic Modulator in Chemically Induced Amnesia. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:796-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Plaingam W, Tencomnao T. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Extract protects against glutamate toxicity and increases the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:460-470. [PMID: 32953562 PMCID: PMC7484969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cause a great deal of suffering for both patients and carers. Bacopa monnieri (L.) wettst. Is known for its memory-enhancing properties, and is of great interest in treating neurodegenerative disease. Aims This study aimed to evaluate B.monnieri against glutamate toxicity, and identify whether B.monnieri reduces mitochondrial and ER stress, as well as to measure B.monnieri’s effect on the life span and aging of Caenorhabditis elegans. We hypothesized that B.monnieri would prevent cellular oxidative stress, prevent mitochondrial/ER stress, and increase the life span while reducing signs of aging in C.elegans. Experimental procedures Glutamate toxicity was measured using viable cell staining assays and the MTT assay. ROS and mitochondrial stress were assessed by H2DCFDA and Rodamine123 staining, with fluorescence/confocal microscopy. C.elegans’ median and maximum life span were measured, in response to B.monnieri treatment, along with lipofuscin imaging to measure the health of the C.elegans population. Results B.monnieri hexane extract (but not ethanol extract) prevented the toxicity of 5 mM glutamate in HT-22 cells. We found that the mechanism involves the reduction of ROS production and the prevention of mitochondrial and ER stress. Furthermore, we showed that B.monnieri could increase the median and maximal lifespan of wild type C.elegans, maintain a younger appearing phenotype in the aged C.elegans. Conclusions In conclusion, B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial, and oxidative stress in the cultured cells. Furthermore, it can prolong the healthy lifespan of C.elegans, indicating that B.monnieri the potential for therapeutic and preventative use in neurodegenerative disease. First B.monnieri study to investigate the HT-22 cell glutamate toxicity model. B.monnieri protects HT-22 cells from oxidative stress caused by glutamate toxicity. B.monnieri prevents ER stress, changing the expression s of ER Stress proteins CHOP and ERP57. B.monnieri prevents mitochondrial stress, preventing mitochondrial leakage. B.monnieri increases the median and maximal life span, and reduces aging in wild type C.elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Michael Brimson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mani Iyer Prasanth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Waluga Plaingam
- College of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang Ake, Paholyothin Road, Lakhok, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Palethorpe HM, Smith E, Tomita Y, Nakhjavani M, Yool AJ, Price TJ, Young JP, Townsend AR, Hardingham JE. Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2019; 24:E3539. [PMID: 31574930 PMCID: PMC6803832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopaside (bac) I and II are triterpene saponins purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Previously, we showed that bac II reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment with combined doses of bac I and bac II using four cell lines representative of the breast cancer subtypes: triple negative (MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor positive (T47D and MCF7) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (BT-474). Drug treatment outcome measures included cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Relationships were analysed by one- and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Combined doses of bac I and bac II, each below their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), were synergistic and reduced the viability and proliferation of the four breast cancer cell lines. Cell loss occurred at the highest dose combinations and was associated with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Migration in the scratch wound assay was significantly reduced at apoptosis-inducing combinations, but also at non-cytotoxic combinations, for MDA-MB-231 and T47D (p < 0.0001) and BT-474 (p = 0.0003). Non-cytotoxic combinations also significantly reduced spheroid invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by up to 97% (p < 0.0001). Combining bac I and II below their IC50 reduced the viability, proliferation, and migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, suggesting synergy between bac I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Palethorpe
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Eric Smith
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Maryam Nakhjavani
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Price
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Joanne P Young
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Abdul Manap AS, Vijayabalan S, Madhavan P, Chia YY, Arya A, Wong EH, Rizwan F, Bindal U, Koshy S. Bacopa monnieri, a Neuroprotective Lead in Alzheimer Disease: A Review on Its Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Drug Target Insights 2019; 13:1177392819866412. [PMID: 31391778 PMCID: PMC6669844 DOI: 10.1177/1177392819866412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is signified by cognitive decline, memory loss, and erratic behavior. Till date, no cure for Alzheimer exists and the current Alzheimer medications have limited effectiveness. However, herbal medicines may slow down the disease’s progression, which may hopefully reduce the number of cases in the years to come. Numerous studies have been done on characterizing the neuroprotective properties from plants belonging to Scrophulariaceae family, particularly Bacopa monnieri and its polyphenolic compounds known as bacosides. This review presents the findings on bacosides in therapeutic plants and their impact on Alzheimer disease pathology. These reports present data on the clinical, cellular activities, phytochemistry, and biological applications that may be used in new drug treatment for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Rizwan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Umesh Bindal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shajan Koshy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Falcone PH, Nieman KM, Tribby AC, Vogel RM, Joy JM, Moon JR, Slayton CA, Henigman MM, Lasrado JA, Lewis BJ, Fonseca BA, Herrlinger KA. The attention-enhancing effects of spearmint extract supplementation in healthy men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Nutr Res 2019; 64:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Peterson CT, Sharma V, Iablokov SN, Albayrak L, Khanipov K, Uchitel S, Chopra D, Mills PJ, Fofanov Y, Rodionov DA, Peterson SN. 16S rRNA gene profiling and genome reconstruction reveal community metabolic interactions and prebiotic potential of medicinal herbs used in neurodegenerative disease and as nootropics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213869. [PMID: 30889210 PMCID: PMC6424447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic potential of nervine herbal medicines has been scarcely studied. We therefore used anaerobic human fecal cultivation to investigate whether medicinal herbs commonly used as treatment in neurological health and disease in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine modulate gut microbiota. Profiling of fecal cultures supplemented with either Kapikacchu, Gotu Kola, Bacopa/Brahmi, Shankhapushpi, Boswellia/Frankincense, Jatamansi, Bhringaraj, Guduchi, Ashwagandha or Shatavari by 16S rRNA sequencing revealed profound changes in diverse taxa. Principal coordinate analysis highlights that each herb drives the formation of unique microbial communities predicted to display unique metabolic potential. The relative abundance of approximately one-third of the 243 enumerated species was altered by all herbs. Additional species were impacted in an herb-specific manner. In this study, we combine genome reconstruction of sugar utilization and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) pathways encoded in the genomes of 216 profiled taxa with monosaccharide composition analysis of each medicinal herb by quantitative mass spectrometry to enhance the interpretation of resulting microbial communities and discern potential drivers of microbiota restructuring. Collectively, our results indicate that gut microbiota engage in both protein and glycan catabolism, providing amino acid and sugar substrates that are consumed by fermentative species. We identified taxa that are efficient amino acid fermenters and those capable of both amino acid and sugar fermentation. Herb-induced microbial communities are predicted to alter the relative abundance of taxa encoding SCFA (butyrate and propionate) pathways. Co-occurrence network analyses identified a large number of taxa pairs in medicinal herb cultures. Some of these pairs displayed related culture growth relationships in replicate cultures highlighting potential functional interactions among medicinal herb-induced taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tara Peterson
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stanislav N. Iablokov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Levent Albayrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Washington University, Department of Biology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Deepak Chopra
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Chopra Foundation, Department of Ayurveda and Yoga Research, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Mills
- UC San Diego, School of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Fofanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Scott N. Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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34
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Srivastav S, Fatima M, Mondal AC. Important medicinal herbs in Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:856-863. [PMID: 28599249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. The characteristic hallmark of PD involves progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neuron in Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain, however, aetiology of the disease still remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative insult are considered to be the key culprit. The current therapy available for PD primarily relies on Levodopa that offers the potential of slowing down disease progression to some extent but includes lot of side effects. Any potential drug capable of treating or halting the disease still remains to be identified. It is evident that redox stabilization and replenishment of mitochondrial function seem to be an important therapeutic approach against PD as both are required for optimal neuronal functioning. Enormous research done in this field has shown that some natural and synthetic products exhibit neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic potential by improving mitochondrial function and alleviating oxidative stress. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss some of the important medicinal natural herbs (Bacopa monnieri, Mucuna pruriens, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Gingko Biloba, and Camellia sinensis) in context to their neuroprotective potential and also in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastav
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mahino Fatima
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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