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Jeong H, Shaia JK, Markle JC, Talcott KE, Singh RP. Melatonin and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:648-654. [PMID: 38842832 PMCID: PMC11157446 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Importance Melatonin has been shown to oppose several processes that are known to mediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but whether melatonin can confer benefits against AMD remains unclear. Objective To examine the association between melatonin supplementation and the risk of the development or progression of AMD. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study accessed data from TriNetX, a national database of deidentified electronic medical records from both inpatient and outpatient health care organizations across the US, between December 4, 2023, and March 19, 2024. Patients aged 50 years or older, 60 years or older, and 70 years or older with no history of AMD (AMD-naive group) and with a history of nonexudative AMD (nonexudative AMD group) were queried for instances of melatonin medication codes between November 14, 2008, and November 14, 2023. Patients were then classified into either a melatonin group or a control group based on the presence of medication codes for melatonin. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match the cohorts based on demographic variables, comorbidities, and nonmelatonin hypnotic medication use. Exposure The presence of at least 4 instances of melatonin records that each occurred at least 3 months apart. Main Outcomes and Measures After PSM, the melatonin and the control cohorts were compared to evaluate the risk ratios (RRs) and the 95% CIs of having an outcome. For the AMD-naive group, the outcome was defined as a new diagnosis of any AMD, whereas for the nonexudative AMD group, the outcome was progression to exudative AMD. Results Among 121 523 patients in the melatonin-naive group aged 50 years or older (4848 in the melatonin cohort [4580 after PSM; mean (SD) age, 68.24 (11.47) years; 2588 female (56.5%)] and 116 675 in the control cohort [4580 after PSM; mean (SD) age, 68.17 (10.63) years; 2681 female (58.5%)]), melatonin use was associated with a reduced risk of developing AMD (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.28-0.62). Among 66 253 patients aged 50 years or older in the nonexudative AMD group (4350 in the melatonin cohort [4064 after PSM; mean (SD) age, 80.21 (8.78) years; 2482 female (61.1%)] and 61 903 in the control cohort [4064 patients after PSM; mean (SD) age, 80.31 (8.03) years; 2531 female (62.3%)]), melatonin was associated with a reduced risk of AMD progression to exudative AMD (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34-0.56). The results were consistent among subsets of individuals aged 60 years or older (AMD-naive cohort: RR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.25-0.54]; nonexudative AMD cohort: RR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.30-0.49]) and 70 years or older (AMD-naive cohort: RR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.23-0.53]; nonexudative AMD cohort: RR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.31-0.51]). Conclusions and Relevance Melatonin use was associated with a decreased risk of development and progression of AMD. Although lifestyle factors may have influenced this association, these findings provide a rationale for further research on the efficacy of using melatonin as a preventive therapy against AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejin Jeong
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacqueline K. Shaia
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan C. Markle
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine E. Talcott
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rishi P. Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Cleveland Clinic Martin Health, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Stuart
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Ma C, Li H, Lu S, Li X. The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Degenerative Fundus Diseases: Diabetes Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2329-2346. [PMID: 38911030 PMCID: PMC11193467 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s471525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative fundus disease encompasses a spectrum of ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are major contributors to visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The development and implementation of effective strategies for managing and preventing the onset and progression of these diseases are crucial for preserving patients' visual acuity. Melatonin, a neurohormone primarily produced by the pineal gland, exhibits properties such as circadian rhythm modulation, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotection within the ocular environment. Furthermore, melatonin has been shown to suppress neovascularization and reduce vascular leakage, both of which are critical in the pathogenesis of degenerative fundus lesions. Consequently, melatonin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for degenerative ocular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of melatonin synthesis, its localization within ocular tissues, and its mechanisms of action, particularly in regulating melatonin production, thereby underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for degenerative fundus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Palbo A, Roed Rasmussen ML, Hansen MS, Subhi Y. Association between visual impairment and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:263-273. [PMID: 37395145 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Visual impairment severely impacts the life of the patients. In this study, we systematically reviewed studies on the potential relationship between visual impairment and suicidal behaviour, and conducted meta-analyses on the risk estimates. We searched 11 literature databases on 20 October 2022 and identified a total of 10 eligible studies with 5.8 million participants. Suicide behaviour was investigated according to three domains: suicide ideation, suicide attempt and suicide death. In the 10 eligible studies, seven reported data on suicide ideation, five reported data on suicide attempt, and three reported data on suicide death. All summary estimates extracted for use in the meta-analyses were adjusted estimates of association since we acknowledged that depression as well as other confounding factors may play an important role. We found that visual impairment was a significant risk factor of suicide ideation (OR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.40-2.40; p = 0.000012), suicide attempt (OR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.29-5.31; p = 0.0077) and suicide death (OR 7.00; 95% CI: 2.30-21.4; p = 0.000063). These high increases in risk of suicide from visual impairment underscore the importance of eye health on the overall mental health, and the potential devastating consequences of insufficient access to eye care, lack of treatment possibilities for any reason or low political priority of eye care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Palbo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Roed Rasmussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Stormly Hansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Pastor-Idoate S, Mateos-Olivares M, Sobas EM, Marcos M, Toribio A, Pastor JC, Usategui Martín R. Short-Wavelength Light-Blocking Filters and Oral Melatonin Administration in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e49196. [PMID: 37971796 PMCID: PMC10690531 DOI: 10.2196/49196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical community is beginning to recognize that retinitis pigmentosa (RP), due to its disabling progression, eventually leads to a reduction in the patient´s quality of life, a direct economic impact, and an increase in the burden on the health care system. There is no curative treatment for the origin of the disease, and most of the current interventions fail in reducing the associated negative psychological states, such as anxiety and depression, which lead to increased variability of vision and pose a continuous threat to the patient's independence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effect of oral melatonin (OM) administration alone and combined with short-wavelength light (SWL)-blocking filters on patients with RP and test their effectiveness in improving the level of stress and sleep problems in many of these patients. METHODS We have developed a low-cost therapy protocol for patients with RP with sleep disorders and negative psychological stress. Patients will be randomized to receive a combined intervention with SWL-blocking filters and OM, SWL-blocking filters alone, or OM alone. There will also be a nonintervention arm as a control group. This study will be conducted across 2 retinal units in patients with RP with sleep disorders and high perceived stress and anxiety score reports. Patients will be assessed in the preintervention period, weekly during the 4 weeks of intervention, and then at 6 months postintervention. The primary outcomes are the differences in changes from baseline to postintervention in hormone release (α-amylase, cortisol, and melatonin) and sleep quality, as measured with the visual analog scale. Secondary outcome measures include clinical macular changes, as measured with optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography; retinal function, as measured using the visual field and best-corrected visual acuity; sleep data collected from personal wearables; and several patient-reported variables, such as self-recorded sleep diaries, quality of life, perceived stress, and functional status. RESULTS This project is still a study protocol and has not yet started. Bibliographic research for information for its justification began in 2020, and this working group is currently seeking start-up funding. As soon as we have the necessary means, we will proceed with the registration and organization prior to the preliminary phase. CONCLUSIONS In this feasibility randomized clinical controlled trial, we will compare the effects of SWL blocking alone, administration of OM alone, and a combined intervention with both in patients with RP. We present this study so that it may be replicated and incorporated into future studies at other institutions, as well as applied to additional inherited retinal dystrophies. The goal of presenting this protocol is to aid recent efforts in reducing the impact of sleeping disorders and other psychological disorders on the quality of life in patients with RP and recovering their self-autonomy. In addition, the results of this study will represent a significant step toward developing a novel low-cost therapy for patients with RP and validating a novel therapeutic target. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/49196.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Milagros Mateos-Olivares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Caceres, Caceres, Spain
| | - Eva María Sobas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Nursing School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfredo Toribio
- Federation of Associations of Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies in Spain, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Pastor
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui Martín
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Ali SG, Wang X, Li P, Jung Y, Bi L, Kim J, Chen Y, Feng DD, Magnenat Thalmann N, Wang J, Sheng B. A systematic review: Virtual-reality-based techniques for human exercises and health improvement. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1143947. [PMID: 37033028 PMCID: PMC10076722 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a new safe and efficient tool for the rehabilitation of many childhood and adulthood illnesses. VR-based therapies have the potential to improve both motor and functional skills in a wide range of age groups through cortical reorganization and the activation of various neuronal connections. Recently, the potential for using serious VR-based games that combine perceptual learning and dichoptic stimulation has been explored for the rehabilitation of ophthalmological and neurological disorders. In ophthalmology, several clinical studies have demonstrated the ability to use VR training to enhance stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity. The use of VR technology provides a significant advantage in training each eye individually without requiring occlusion or penalty. In neurological disorders, the majority of patients undergo recurrent episodes (relapses) of neurological impairment, however, in a few cases (60-80%), the illness progresses over time and becomes chronic, consequential in cumulated motor disability and cognitive deficits. Current research on memory restoration has been spurred by theories about brain plasticity and findings concerning the nervous system's capacity to reconstruct cellular synapses as a result of interaction with enriched environments. Therefore, the use of VR training can play an important role in the improvement of cognitive function and motor disability. Although there are several reviews in the community employing relevant Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, VR has not yet been thoroughly examined in this regard. In this systematic review, we examine the key ideas of VR-based training for prevention and control measurements in ocular diseases such as Myopia, Amblyopia, Presbyopia, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Epilepsy and Autism spectrum disorder. This review highlights the fundamentals of VR technologies regarding their clinical research in healthcare. Moreover, these findings will raise community awareness of using VR training and help researchers to learn new techniques to prevent and cure different diseases. We further discuss the current challenges of using VR devices, as well as the future prospects of human training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Younhyun Jung
- School of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Bi
- Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinman Kim
- Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Dagan Feng
- Biomedical and Multimedia Information Technology Research Group, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jihong Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ku LC, Sheu ML, Cheng HH, Lee CY, Tsai YC, Tsai CY, Lin KH, Lai LC, Lai DW. Melatonin protects retinal integrity through mediated immune homeostasis in the sodium iodate-induced mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114476. [PMID: 36905808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of visual deficiency in older adults worldwide. Melatonin (MT) can potentially reduce retinal deterioration. However, the mechanism by which MT mediates regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the retina is not yet fully understood. METHODS The transcriptome profiles of aged or young human retinal tissues from the GEO database were analyzed for MT-related gene expression. The pathological changes in the retina in the NaIO3-induced mouse model were quantitatively determined by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Retinal whole-mounting immunofluorescence staining was conducted to determine the expression of the Treg-specific marker FOXP3. The phenotypes of M1/M2 macrophages were representing related gene markers in the retina. The GEO database includes biopsies from patients with retinal detachment for ENPTD1, NT5E, and TET2 gene expression. A pyrosequencing assay was performed for NT5E DNA methylation on human primary Tregs, and siTET2 transfection engineering was used. RESULTS MT synthesis-related genes in retinal tissue may be affected by age. Our study shows that MT can effectively restore NaIO3-induced retinopathy and maintain retinal structural integrity. Importantly, MT may assist the conversion of M1 to M2 macrophages to promote tissue repair, which may be caused by the increased infiltration of Tregs. Moreover, MT treatment may upregulate TET2, and further NT5E demethylation is associated with Treg recruitment in the retinal microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MT can effectively ameliorate retinal degeneration and regulate immune homeostasis via Tregs. Modulation of the immune response may provide a key therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Ku
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - He-Hsiung Cheng
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tsai
- Department of Immune Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Tsai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Lai
- Experimental Animal Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Ramsay S, Zagorodnyuk V. Role of circadian rhythms and melatonin in bladder function in heath and diseases. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103083. [PMID: 36871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system modulates all visceral organ physiological processes including urine storage and voiding. The "master clock" of the circadian system lies within suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus while "peripheral clocks" are found in most peripheral tissue and organs, including the urinary bladder. Disruptions of circadian rhythms can cause organ malfunction and disorder or exacerbate pre-existing ones. It has been suggested that nocturia, which develops mostly in the elderly, could be a circadian-related disorder of the bladder. In the bladder, many types of gap junctions and ion channels in the detrusor, urothelium and sensory nerves are likely under strict local peripheral circadian control. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a circadian rhythm synchroniser capable of controlling a variety of physiological processes in the body. Melatonin predominantly acts via the melatonin 1 and melatonin 2 G-protein coupled receptors expressed in the central nervous system, and many peripheral organs and tissues. Melatonin could be beneficial in the treatment of nocturia and other common bladder disorders. The ameliorating action of melatonin on bladder function is likely due to multiple mechanisms which include central effects on voiding and peripheral effects on the detrusor and bladder afferents. More studies are warranted to determine the precise mechanisms of circadian rhythm coordination of the bladder function and melatonin influences on the bladder in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Ramsay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vladimir Zagorodnyuk
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
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Lou Q, Pan L, Xiang S, Li Y, Jin J, Tan J, Huang B, Nan K, Lin S. Suppression of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Mediated Corneal Epithelium Pyroptosis Using Melatonin-Loaded Liposomes to Inhibit Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Dry Eye Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2447-2463. [PMID: 37192892 PMCID: PMC10182801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s403337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely employed as a preservative in eye drops, which will cause the death of corneal epithelial cells due to ROS production, DNA strand breakage, and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in dry eye disease (DED)-like changes in ocular surface tissues. In this study, Melatonin (MT) liposomes (TAT-MT-LIPs) designed by loading MT into TAT-modified liposomes have been developed, characterized, and used for inhibiting BAC-induced DED (BAC-DED). Methods The TAT was chemically grafted onto the Mal-PEG2000-DSPE by Michael's addition between the sulfhydryl group in TAT and the maleimide group in Mal-PEG2000-DSPE. TAT-MT-LIPs were prepared using film dispersion followed by the extrusion method and topically treated in rats once a day. BAC-DED was induced in rats by topical administration with 0.2% BAC twice daily. Defects, edema, and inflammation of the corneas, as well as IOP, were examined. Histologic analyses of corneas were performed to assess the change of mitochondrial DNA oxidation and NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling transduction. Results After topical administration, TAT-MT-LIPs significantly alleviated DED-clinical symptoms of experimental animals by inhibiting tissue inflammation and preventing the loss of the corneal epithelium and conjunctival goblet cells. Our data suggested continuous ocular surface exposure of BAC-induced NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD mediated corneal epithelium pyroptosis, which was not reported before. BAC caused substantial mt-DNA oxidation, which promoted the transduction of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD and consequent corneal epithelium pyroptosis. TAT-MT-LIPs could efficiently suppress the BAC-induced corneal epithelium pyroptosis and inflammation by inhibiting mt-DNA oxidation and the subsequent signal transmission. Conclusion NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD mediated corneal epithelium pyroptosis is involved in the development of BAC-DED. The present study provided new insights into the adverse effects of BAC, which can serve as a new target for protecting corneal epithelium when applying BAC as a preservative in eye drops. The developed TAT-MT-LIPs can efficiently inhibit BAC-DED and give great potential to be developed as a new DED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lou
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjin Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueting Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Nan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kaihui Nan; Sen Lin, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-577-88067962, Email ;
| | - Sen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China
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Ye D, Xu Y, Shi Y, Fan M, Lu P, Bai X, Feng Y, Hu C, Cui K, Tang X, Liao J, Huang W, Xu F, Liang X, Huang J. Anti-PANoptosis is involved in neuroprotective effects of melatonin in acute ocular hypertension model. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12828. [PMID: 36031799 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute ocular hypertension (AOH) is the most important characteristic of acute glaucoma, which can lead to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and permanent vision loss. So far, approved effective therapy is still lacking in acute glaucoma. PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis), which consists of three key modes of programmed cell death-apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis-may contribute to AOH-induced RGC death. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) exerts a neuroprotective effect in many retinal degenerative diseases. However, whether melatonin is anti-PANoptotic and neuroprotective in the progression of acute glaucoma remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of melatonin in AOH retinas and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that melatonin treatment attenuated the loss of ganglion cell complex thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and RGC after AOH injury, and improved the amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave, and oscillatory potentials in the electroretinogram. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells was decreased, and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bad and downregulation of Bcl-2 and p-Bad were inhibited after melatonin administration. Meanwhile, both the expression and activation of MLKL, RIP1, and RIP3, along with the number of PI-positive cells, were reduced in melatonin-treated mice, and p-RIP3 was in both RGC and microglia/macrophage after AOH injury. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and cleaved GSDMD, and decreased the number of Iba1/interleukin-1β-positive cells. In conclusion, melatonin ameliorated retinal structure, prevented retinal dysfunction after AOH, and exerted a neuroprotective effect via inhibition of PANoptosis in AOH retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Sia JT, Lee EPX, Cheung CMG, Fenwick EK, Laude A, Ho KC, Fenner BJ, Wong TY, Milea D, Lamoureux EL, Man REK, Najjar RP. Associations between age‐related macular degeneration and sleep dysfunction: A systematic review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:1025-1037. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Tjunrong Sia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Ester P. X. Lee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Eva K. Fenwick
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Augustinus Laude
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Kam Chun Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health University of Canberra Canberra Australia
| | - Beau J. Fenner
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Dan Milea
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology Department, Rigs Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ecosse L. Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Ryan E. K. Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Raymond P. Najjar
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye Centre Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Center for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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11
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Wang K, Chen YS, Chien HW, Chiou HL, Yang SF, Hsieh YH. Melatonin inhibits NaIO3-induced ARPE-19 cell apoptosis via suppression of HIF-1α/BNIP3-LC3B/mitophagy signaling. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:133. [PMID: 35986432 PMCID: PMC9389659 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to gradual central vision loss and eventual irreversible blindness. Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects; however, the role it plays in AMD remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the anti-AMD molecular mechanism of melatonin after sodium iodate (NaIO3) treatment of ARPE-19 cells in vitro and in animal models with the goal of improving the therapeutic effect. Results The in vitro results showed that melatonin protected against NaIO3-induced cell viability decline, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells, and melatonin also alleviated NaIO3-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy activation. Melatonin reduced NaIO3-induced mitophagy activation through HIF-1α-targeted BNIP3/LC3B transcription, whereas ROS inhibition realized with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor) combined with melatonin reduced the effect of NaIO3 on mitophagy. An animal model of AMD was established to confirm the in vitro data. Mouse tail vein injection of NaIO3 and melatonin was associated with enhanced repair of retinal layers within 7 days, as observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. A reduction in BNIP3 and HIF-1α levels, as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, was also observed. Conclusions These results indicate that melatonin attenuated NaIO3-induced mitophagy of ARPE-19 cells via reduction in ROS-mediated HIF-1α targeted BNIP3/LC3B signaling in vitro and in vivo. Melatonin may be a potential therapeutic drug in the treatment of AMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00879-3.
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12
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Telegina DV, Antonenko AK, Fursova AZ, Kolosova NG. The glutamate/GABA system in the retina of male rats: effects of aging, neurodegeneration, and supplementation with melatonin and antioxidant SkQ1. Biogerontology 2022; 23:571-585. [PMID: 35969289 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the most abundant amino acids in the retina. An imbalance of the glutamate/GABA system is involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Here we for the first time analyzed alterations of expression of glutamate- and GABA-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and relevant receptors in the retina with age in Wistar rats and in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats who develop AMD-like retinopathy. We noted consistent age-dependent expression changes of GABAergic-system proteins (GAD67, GABA-T, and GAT1) in OXYS and Wistar rats: upregulation by age 3 months and downregulation at age 18 months. At a late stage of AMD-like retinopathy in OXYS rats (18 months), there was significant upregulation of glutaminase and downregulation of glutamine synthetase, possibly indicating an increasing level of glutamate in the retina. AMD-like-retinopathy development in the OXYS strain was accompanied by underexpression of glutamate transporter GLAST. Prolonged supplementation with both melatonin and SkQ1 (separately) suppressed the progression of the AMD-like pathology in OXYS rats without affecting the glutamate/GABA system but worsened the condition of the Wistar rat's retina during normal aging. We observed decreasing protein levels of glutamine synthetase, GLAST, and GABAAR1 and an increasing level of glutaminase in Wistar rats. In summary, both melatonin and mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 had different effect on the retinal glutamate / GABA in healthy Wistar and senescence-accelerated OXYS rats.
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13
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Kholghi G, Eskandari M, Shokouhi Qare Saadlou MS, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Night shift hormone: How does melatonin affect depression? Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113835. [PMID: 35504318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland that modulates the circadian rhythm and mood. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic effects of melatonin, or its important analogue, agomelatine, on depression. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment of depression. It was noted that disrupted circadian rhythm can lead to depressive state, and melatonin via regulating circadian rhythm shows a therapeutic effect. It was also noted that melatonin induces antidepressant effects via promoting antioxidant system and neurogenesis, and suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. The interaction effect between melatonin or agomelatine and serotonergic signaling has a significant effect on depression. It was noted that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are induced by the synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors. Agomelatine also interacts with glutamatergic signaling in brain regions involved in regulating mood and circadian rhythm. Interestingly, it was concluded that melatonin exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the grade of inflammation. It was suggested that synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors may be able to induce therapeutic effects on other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, dualistic role of melatonin in regulating inflammation is an important point that can be examined at different levels of inflammation in animal models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eskandari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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14
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Koster C, van den Hurk KT, ten Brink JB, Lewallen CF, Stanzel BV, Bharti K, Bergen AA. Sodium-Iodate Injection Can Replicate Retinal Degenerative Disease Stages in Pigmented Mice and Rats: Non-Invasive Follow-Up Using OCT and ERG. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062918. [PMID: 35328338 PMCID: PMC8953416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The lack of suitable animal models for (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has hampered therapeutic research into the disease, so far. In this study, pigmented rats and mice were systematically injected with various doses of sodium iodate (SI). After injection, the retinal structure and visual function were non-invasively characterized over time to obtain in-depth data on the suitability of these models for studying experimental therapies for retinal degenerative diseases, such as dry AMD. Methods: SI was injected into the tail vein (i.v.) using a series of doses (0–70 mg/kg) in adolescent C57BL/6J mice and Brown Norway rats. The retinal structure and function were assessed non-invasively at baseline (day 1) and at several time points (1–3, 5, and 10-weeks) post-injection by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). Results: After the SI injection, retinal degeneration in mice and rats yielded similar results. The lowest dose (10 mg/kg) resulted in non-detectable structural or functional effects. An injection with 20 mg/kg SI did not result in an evident retinal degeneration as judged from the OCT data. In contrast, the ERG responses were temporarily decreased but returned to baseline within two-weeks. Higher doses (30, 40, 50, and 70 mg/kg) resulted in moderate to severe structural RPE and retinal injury and decreased the ERG amplitudes, indicating visual impairment in both mice and rat strains. Conclusions: After the SI injections, we observed dose-dependent structural and functional pathological effects on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retina in the pigmented mouse and rat strains that were used in this study. Similar effects were observed in both species. In particular, a dose of 30 mg/kg seems to be suitable for future studies on developing experimental therapies. These relatively easily induced non-inherited models may serve as useful tools for evaluating novel therapies for RPE-related retinal degenerations, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Koster
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Location AMC, Meibergdreef, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.K.); (K.T.v.d.H.); (J.B.t.B.)
| | - Koen T. van den Hurk
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Location AMC, Meibergdreef, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.K.); (K.T.v.d.H.); (J.B.t.B.)
| | - Jacoline B. ten Brink
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Location AMC, Meibergdreef, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.K.); (K.T.v.d.H.); (J.B.t.B.)
| | - Colby F. Lewallen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Boris V. Stanzel
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, 66280 Sulzbach/Saar, Germany;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Research Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Location AMC, Meibergdreef, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.K.); (K.T.v.d.H.); (J.B.t.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, AUMC, UvA, Location AMC, Meibergdreef, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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15
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Vlasova AS, Petrov SA, Malishevskaya TN, Gubin DG, Kolomeychuk SN. The connection of polymorphism and diurnal changes of the biological clock gene expression with the risk of progression of primary open-angle glaucoma. RUSSIAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.21516/2072-0076-2021-14-4-38-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the connection betweengenetic factors (polymorphism and expression of key genes of the biological clock (KGBC), key genes controlled by KGBC, melatonin receptors) and the diurnal oscillation of melatonin in patients with stable and progressing primary open-angle glaucoma. Materials and methods. The study involved 115 patients aged 53–86 (averagely, 68.8 ± 7.9 years) with stable and progressive glaucoma. All patients underwent primary ophthalmological examination, tested for diurnal body temperature profile, intraocular pressure (IOP), melatonin (by the DLMO protocol) and were typed for key genes of the biological clock using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. We studied the sleep phase shift to later hours in carriers of the G-allele of the melatonin receptor gene during the progression of glaucoma. Results. The study of the clinical and genotypic features of the POAG course revealed phasal shifts of the circadian rhythms of body temperature, IOP, salivary melatonin levels and sleep phases which contributed to the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Certain polymorphic variants of genes contribute to individual frequent manifestations of desynchronosis. The clock rs1801260 and MTNR1B rs10830963 gene polymorphism was found to be related to disturbances in melatonin production and sleep phase. Conclusion. Complex manifestations of circadian desynchronization accompanying the progressive course of glaucoma are the late phase of rhythms and a decrease in sleep duration, body temperature, salivary melatonin and IOP, internal desynchronization between IOP and body temperature, IOP and sleep, evening dyslipidemia. The revealed patterns open up prospects for future studies of the relationship between polymorphism and daily changes of the expression of key genes in the biological clock with the risk of progression of primary open angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Vlasova
- West Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education
| | - S. A. Petrov
- West Siberian Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education
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16
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Xie Y, Lou D, Zhang D. Melatonin Alleviates Age-Associated Endothelial Injury of Atherosclerosis via Regulating Telomere Function. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6799-6812. [PMID: 34924765 PMCID: PMC8674670 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is an aging-related disease, partly attributed to telomerase dysfunction. This study aims to investigate whether telomere dysfunction-related vascular aging is involved in the protection mechanism of melatonin (MLT) in atherosclerosis. Methods Young and aged ApoE−/− mice were used to establish atherosclerotic mice model. H&E staining and immunofluorescence assay were performed to detect endothelial cell injury and apoptosis. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were determined using corresponding commercial assay kits. Telomerase activity was detected by TRAP assay, and SA-β-gal staining was conducted to evaluate cellular senescence. HUVECs were treated with H2O2 for 1 h to induce senescence. Western blot was performed to measure protein expression. Results An obvious vascular endothelial injury, reflected by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, elevated ROS, MDA and SOD levels, and more apoptotic endothelial cells, was found in atherosclerotic mice, especially in aged mice, which were then greatly suppressed by MLT. In addition, telomere dysfunction and senescence occurred in atherosclerosis, especially in aged mice, while MLT significantly alleviated the conditions. CYP1A1, one of the targeted genes of MLT, was verified to be upregulated in atherosclerotic mice but downregulated by MLT. Furthermore, H2O2 induced a senescence model in HUVECs, which was accompanied with a remarkably increased cell viability loss and apoptosis rate, and a downregulated telomerase activity of HUVECs, and this phenomenon was strengthened by RHPS4, an inhibitor of telomerase activity. However, MLT could partly abolish these changes in H2O2- and RHPS4-treated HUVECs, demonstrating that MLT alleviated vascular endothelial injury by regulating senescence and telomerase activity. Conclusions Collectively, this study provided evidence for the protective role of MLT in atherosclerosis through regulating telomere dysfunction-related vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Fuzhou NO.1 Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350009, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfei Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Daimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People's Republic of China
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17
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Tao Y, Hu B, Ma Z, Li H, Du E, Wang G, Xing B, Ma J, Song Z. Intravitreous delivery of melatonin affects the retinal neuron survival and visual signal transmission: in vivo and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1386-1396. [PMID: 33016801 PMCID: PMC7580852 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal delivery can maximize the intensity of therapeutic agents and extend their residence time within ocular tissue. Melatonin is a lipophilic molecule that crosses freely biological barriers and cell membranes. This study intends to investigate the effects of intravitreally delivered melatonin on mouse retina. The visual function of administered mice is assessed by electrophysiological and behavior examinations three weeks after intravitreal delivery. Moreover, multi-electrode array (MEA) was used to assess the electrical activities of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We found that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin (400-500 µg/kg) destroyed the retinal architecture and impaired the visual function of mice. Conversely, the melatonin administration at low dose (100-300 µg/kg) did not have any significant effects on the photoreceptor survival or visual function. As shown in the MEA recording, the photoreceptors activity of the central region was more severely disturbed by the high dose melatonin. A pronounced augment of the spontaneous firing frequency was recorded in these mice received high dosage melatonin, indicating that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin would affect the electrical activity of RGCs. Immunostaining assay showed that the vitality of cone photoreceptor was impaired by high dose melatonin. These findings suggest that intravitreal melatonin is not always beneficial for ocular tissues, especially when it is administered at high dosage. These data add new perspectives to current knowledge about melatonin delivery at the ocular level. Further therapeutic strategies should take into consideration of these risks that caused by delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Enming Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Zongming Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
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18
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Bilbao-Malavé V, González-Zamora J, de la Puente M, Recalde S, Fernandez-Robredo P, Hernandez M, Layana AG, Saenz de Viteri M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Age Related Macular Degeneration, Role in Pathophysiology, and Possible New Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1170. [PMID: 34439418 PMCID: PMC8388889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of legal blindness in developed countries. It is a multifactorial disease in which a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to increased risk of developing this vision-incapacitating condition. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathophysiology of AMD and recent publications have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this disease. Although treatment with vascular endothelium growth factor inhibitors have decreased the risk of blindness in patients with the exudative form of AMD, the search for new therapeutic options continues to prevent the loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells, characteristic of late stage AMD. In this review, we explain how mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in AMD pathogenesis. We also discuss a role of several antioxidants (bile acids, resveratrol, melatonin, humanin, and coenzyme Q10) in amelioration of AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Miriam de la Puente
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Garcia Layana
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Opthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-M.); (J.G.-Z.); (M.d.l.P.); (A.G.L.)
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (P.F.-R.); (M.H.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology’ from (RD16/0008/0011), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Katargina LA, Chesnokova NB, Beznos OV, Osipova NA, Panova AY. [Pathogenetically oriented approach to prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (experimental study)]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:26-31. [PMID: 34156775 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202113703126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injections of exogenous melatonin during the development of the retinal vascular system in experimental rats has been shown in a number of experimental studies on the model of EROP to prevent the appearance of histological signs of the development of experimental retinopathy of prematurity (EROP), stabilize the blood-retinal barrier and have a pronounced antioxidant effect, but pathogenetic basis for these phenomena hasn't been studied. PURPOSE To study the influence mechanism of melatonin and its analogues on the development of EROP at the preclinical stage of the pathological process to substantiate new approaches to prevention of ROP. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 42 Wistar rat pups (84 eyes) divided into 6 groups: control group, experimental group (rat pups with EROP), experimental groups who underwent injections of melatonin and its analogues K-148, AL-3, K-096. The pups were euthanized on day 7 (4-5 pups from each group at each study period), binocular enucleation was performed, and the content of hypoxia-induced factor1α (HIF-1α) and VEGF-A was determined in retinal samples. RESULTS The intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and its analogs led to a significant decrease in the level of HIF-1α and VEGF-A in the retina of the rat pups of the experimental group until the beginning of pathological vasoproliferation. CONCLUSION Melatonin and its analogues are able to prevent the development of EROP by reducing the level of angiogenic factors in the retina of rat pups at the stage of existing avascular zones, which allows for them to be considered as a new promising approach to preventing the development of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Katargina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Osipova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Panova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Cunha DL, Richardson R, Tracey-White D, Abbouda A, Mitsios A, Horneffer-van der Sluis V, Takis P, Owen N, Skinner J, Welch AA, Moosajee M. REP1 deficiency causes systemic dysfunction of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in choroideremia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146934. [PMID: 33755601 PMCID: PMC8262314 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in CHM, encoding for Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Loss of functional REP1 leads to the accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins and defective intracellular protein trafficking, the putative cause for photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroidal degeneration. CHM is ubiquitously expressed, but adequate prenylation is considered to be achieved, outside the retina, through the isoform REP2. Recently, the possibility of systemic features in CHM has been debated; therefore, in this study, whole metabolomic analysis of plasma samples from 25 CHM patients versus age- and sex-matched controls was performed. Results showed plasma alterations in oxidative stress-related metabolites, coupled with alterations in tryptophan metabolism, leading to significantly raised serotonin levels. Lipid metabolism was disrupted with decreased branched fatty acids and acylcarnitines, suggestive of dysfunctional lipid oxidation, as well as imbalances of several sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. Targeted lipidomics of the chmru848 zebrafish provided further evidence for dysfunction, with the use of fenofibrate over simvastatin circumventing the prenylation pathway to improve the lipid profile and increase survival. This study provides strong evidence for systemic manifestations of CHM and proposes potentially novel pathomechanisms and targets for therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lima Cunha
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Richardson
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Abbouda
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Panteleimon Takis
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Skinner
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa A. Welch
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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21
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The Influence of Melatonin and Light on VEGF Secretion in Primary RPE Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010114. [PMID: 33467052 PMCID: PMC7830335 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) cells constitutively secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina, protecting the neuronal cells and the choroid. Increased VEGF secretion, however, can result in neovascularization and edema. Many factors regulate VEGF secretion. In this study, we investigated the effect of external stimuli in relation to diurnal rhythm on constitutive VEGF secretion. (2) Methods: Single-eye RPE cell culture was prepared from porcine eyes. RPE cells were cultured in darkness, treated with daylight or room light, and treated with melatonin at different time frames, either respectively or in combination. Supernatants were collected and VEGF content evaluated using ELISA. Expression of the clock protein BMAL1 was evaluated with Western blot. (3) Results: VEGF secretion of the RPE shows a diurnal rhythm. While the rhythm is not influenced by either light or melatonin, the amount of secreted VEGF can be increased by nocturnal melatonin, especially in combination with morning daylight. These findings disclose another layer of VEGF regulation in the retina.
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22
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McCarty MF, Iloki Assanga SB, Lewis Luján L, O’Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Nutraceutical Strategies for Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Pertinence to the Management of COVID-19 and Beyond. Nutrients 2020; 13:E47. [PMID: 33375692 PMCID: PMC7823562 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that form in response to a variety of stress signals and that serve to catalyze the proteolytic conversion of pro-interleukin-1β and pro-interleukin-18 to active interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, central mediators of the inflammatory response; inflammasomes can also promote a type of cell death known as pyroptosis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has received the most study and plays an important pathogenic role in a vast range of pathologies associated with inflammation-including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, the complications of diabetes, neurological and autoimmune disorders, dry macular degeneration, gout, and the cytokine storm phase of COVID-19. A consideration of the molecular biology underlying inflammasome priming and activation enables the prediction that a range of nutraceuticals may have clinical potential for suppressing inflammasome activity-antioxidants including phycocyanobilin, phase 2 inducers, melatonin, and N-acetylcysteine, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, zinc, and various nutraceuticals that support generation of hydrogen sulfide. Complex nutraceuticals or functional foods featuring a number of these agents may find utility in the prevention and control of a wide range of medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Lidianys Lewis Luján
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food, University of Sonora, Centro 83000, Mexico; (S.B.I.A.); (L.L.L.)
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23
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Wang S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li C, Wan Q, Yang L, Su Y, Cheng Y, Liu C, Wang X, Wang Z. Reversed Senescence of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell by Coculture With Embryonic Stem Cell via the TGFβ and PI3K Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588050. [PMID: 33324644 PMCID: PMC7726211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cellular senescence is an important etiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Aging interventions based on the application of stem cells to delay cellular senescence have shown good prospects in the treatment of age-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to reverse the senescence of RPE cells and to elucidate its regulatory mechanism. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated premature and natural passage-mediated replicative senescent RPE cells were directly cocultured with ESCs. The results showed that the proliferative capacity of premature and replicative senescent RPE cells was increased, while the positive rate of senescence-associated galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) staining and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were decreased. The positive regulatory factors of cellular senescence (p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, p16INK4a) were downregulated, while the negative regulatory factors of cellular senescence (Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1) were upregulated. Furthermore, replicative senescent RPE cells entered the S and G2/M phases from the G0/G1 phase. TGFβ (TGFB1, SMAD3, ID1, ID3) and PI3K (PIK3CG, PDK1, PLK1) pathway-related genes were upregulated in premature and replicative senescent RPE cells after ESCs application, respectively. We further treated ESCs-cocultured premature and replicative senescent RPE cells with SB531542 and LY294002 to inhibit the TGFβ and PI3K pathways, respectively, and found that p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16INK4a were upregulated, while Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, TGFβ, and PI3K pathway-related genes were downregulated, accompanied by decreased proliferation and cell cycle transition and increased positive rates of SA-β-GAL staining and levels of ROS and MMP. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ESCs can effectively reverse the senescence of premature and replicative senescent RPE cells by a direct coculture way, which may be achieved by upregulating the TGFβ and PI3K pathways, respectively, providing a basis for establishing a new therapeutic option for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Scuderi L, Davinelli S, Iodice CM, Bartollino S, Scapagnini G, Costagliola C, Scuderi G. Melatonin: Implications for Ocular Disease and Therapeutic Potential. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4185-4191. [PMID: 31724508 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191113110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indoleamine secreted mainly by the pineal gland, is known to modulate a wide range of circadian functions. However, this neurohormone is also synthesized within the eye and acts directly on ocular structures to mediate a variety of physiological processes. This review is focused on the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in ocular diseases. We summarize data indicating that melatonin may represent a powerful tool to counteract ocular dysfunctions such as uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. A search strategy was conducted to identify studies in PubMed (January 1990 to September 2017). In particular, we included experimental studies, clinical trials, and reviews to provide suitable insights and elucidations regarding the action of melatonin on age-related ocular disorders. Literature data suggest that melatonin could potentially protect ocular tissues by decreasing the production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, melatonin appears to be safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses, and no adverse/side effects were reported. Although this topic remains under intense investigation, we can conclude that melatonin, as a single agent or in combination with other drugs, is an attractive pharmacological candidate for age-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scuderi
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Clemente Maria Iodice
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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25
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The Role of Purinergic Receptors in the Circadian System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103423. [PMID: 32408622 PMCID: PMC7279285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system is an internal time-keeping system that synchronizes the behavior and physiology of an organism to the 24 h solar day. The master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), resides in the hypothalamus. It receives information about the environmental light/dark conditions through the eyes and orchestrates peripheral oscillators. Purinergic signaling is mediated by extracellular purines and pyrimidines that bind to purinergic receptors and regulate multiple body functions. In this review, we highlight the interaction between the circadian system and purinergic signaling to provide a better understanding of rhythmic body functions under physiological and pathological conditions.
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26
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Mehrzadi S, Hemati K, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration: melatonin as a potential treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:359-378. [PMID: 32116056 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1737015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), a retinal neurodegenerative disease is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries. The impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis has been reported in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells affected by AMD. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays an important role in AMD development. The mitochondrial respiratory system is considered a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. During aging, insufficient free radical scavenger systems, impairment of DNA repair mechanisms and reduction of mitochondrial degradation and turnover contribute to the massive accumulation of ROS disrupting mitochondrial function. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to the decline in the autophagic capacity and induction of inflammation and apoptosis in human RPE cells affected by AMD.Areas covered: This article evaluates the ameliorative effect of melatonin on AMD and examines AMD pathogenesis with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction. It also considers the potential effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function.Expert opinion: The effect of melatonin on mitochondrial function results in the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the retina; these findings demonstrate that melatonin has the potential to prevent and treat AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Li C, Tian Y, Yao A, Zha X, Zhang J, Tao Y. Intravitreal Delivery of Melatonin Is Protective Against the Photoreceptor Loss in Mice: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Degenerative Retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1633. [PMID: 32116667 PMCID: PMC7028754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a circadian hormone with potent cytoprotective effects. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherent retinopathies that characterized by the photoreceptor death in bilateral eyes. The N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administered mouse is a type of chemically induced RP model with rapid progressive rate. We intend to study the melatonin mediated effects on the MNU administered mice. Melatonin was delivered into the vitreous body of the MNU administered mice. Subsequently, the melatonin treated mice were subjected to histological analysis, optokinetic behavior tests, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and electroretinogram (ERG) examination. Multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to analyze the status of visual signal transmission within retinal circuits. Biochemical analysis was performed to quantify the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic factors in the retinas. The intravitreal injection of melatonin ameliorated effectively the MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration. Melatonin therapy mitigated the spontaneous firing response, and preserved the basic configurations of visual signal pathway in MNU administered mice. MEA is effective to evaluate the pharmacological effects on retina. Of note, the cone photoreceptors in degenerative retinas were rescued efficiently by melatonin therapy. Melatonin afforded these protective effects by modulating the apoptotic cascades and alleviating the oxidative stress. These findings suggest that melatonin could act as an alternative treatment for degenerative retinopathy. Melatonin might be used in combination with other therapeutic approaches to alleviate the photoreceptor loss and preserve the visual function of RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anhui Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zha
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Ko GYP. Circadian regulation in the retina: From molecules to network. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:194-216. [PMID: 30270466 PMCID: PMC6441387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light information to the brain, it has its own circadian "system" independent from any influence from other circadian oscillators. While all retinal cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) possess circadian oscillators, these oscillators integrate by means of neural synapses, electrical coupling (gap junctions), and released neurochemicals (such as dopamine, melatonin, adenosine, and ATP), so the whole retina functions as an integrated circadian system. Dysregulation of retinal clocks not only causes retinal or ocular diseases, it also impacts the circadian rhythm of the whole body, as the light information transmitted from the retina entrains the brain clock that governs the body circadian rhythms. In this review, how circadian oscillations in various retinal cells are integrated, and how retinal diseases affect daily rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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29
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Fang J, Yan Y, Teng X, Wen X, Li N, Peng S, Liu W, Donadeu FX, Zhao S, Hua J. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating NRF2 and inhibiting ER stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2954-2972. [PMID: 30362962 PMCID: PMC6224246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can aid in the treatment of numerous diseases in animals. However, natural aging during in vitro expansion of ADMSCs prior to their use in transplantation restricts their beneficial effects. Melatonin is reported to exert biorhythm regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-senescence effects in various animal and cell models. Herein, by using a senescent canine ADMSCs (cADMSCs) cell model subjected to multiple passages in vitro, we investigated the effects of melatonin on ADMSCs senescence. We found that melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell senescence. MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor inhibitor, luzindole, diminished the mRNA expression levels and rhythm expression amplitude of Bmal1 and Nrf2 genes. Nrf2 knockdown blocked the stimulatory effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-related gene expression and its inhibitory effects on ERS-related gene expression. At the same time, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown in cADMSCs. Melatonin pretreatment improved the survival of cADMSCs and enhanced the beneficial effects of cADMSCs transplantation in canine acute liver injury. These results indicate that melatonin activates Nrf2 through the MT1/MT2 receptor pathway, stimulates ERAD, inhibits NF-κB and ERS, alleviates cADMSCs senescence, and improves the efficacy of transplanted cADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute Reader, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Betti L, Palego L, Demontis GC, Miraglia F, Giannaccini G. Hydroxyindole- O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) activity in the retina of melatonin-proficient mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02417. [PMID: 31687544 PMCID: PMC6819757 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pieces of evidence support the expression by the mammalian retina of Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT, EC 2.1.1.4), the enzyme directly responsible for the biosynthesis of the pineal chronobiotic hormone melatonin (MLT). However, conflicting results obtained so far by enzyme-kinetic and immune-detection techniques still make HIOMT presence and relevance in the eye a matter of debate. This work aimed at evaluating unambiguously HIOMT activity in the mouse retina, a valuable model for studying the effects of MLT variations on ocular pathophysiology. Since laboratory mouse strains can bear genetic polymorphisms yielding defective enzymes of MLT biosynthesis, retinas and control pineal glands used in this study were obtained in a MLT-proficient crossing of A/J mice, the A/J/C57BL/10 strain. To improve the radiochemical reference assay, we tested different homogenization procedures coupled with HPLC detection. Concomitantly, we quantified MLT, and its precursor N-acetyl-serotonin (NAS) by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection in retinas isolated from either light- or dark-adapted mice. Results showed that the standard radio-chemical assay was successful for pineal HIOMT only, whereas specific homogenization buffers and HPLC were required to detect retinal activity, presumably due to interfering methyl-transferases inhibited by NAS. Under present conditions, retinal HIOMT Vmax accounted for by ≈ 40 fmol/h/mg protein, 2.6-hundreds-fold lower than the pineal counterpart, displaying equivalent KMs (≈10 μM). Moreover, NAS and MLT rapidly decreased in light-exposed isolated retinas, corroborating light-sensitive in-situ MLT formation. Conclusively, we measured mouse retinal HIOMT kinetics under basal conditions, a useful result to elucidate the regulatory patterns, the possible impact on eye health, and therapeutic approaches related to this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lionella Palego
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Savi 10, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiana Miraglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Ma Q, Reiter RJ, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:91-104. [PMID: 31650428 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules that regulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Well-regulated angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in many physiological conditions such as reproduction and embryonic development, while abnormal angiogenesis is also the basis of a variety of pathological processes including tumor metastasis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Melatonin has a variety of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor metastasis, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and the regulation of seasonal reproductive rhythms, etc. During certain pathophysiological processes, melatonin exerts different functions depending on its ability to regulate angiogenesis. This review reveals that melatonin has different effects on neovascularization under different physiological and pathological conditions. In tumors, in age-related ocular diseases, and in a hypoxic environment, melatonin inhibits neovascularization in tissues, while in gastric ulcers, skin lesions, and some physiologic processes, it promotes angiogenesis. We also speculate that melatonin may inhibit the neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques, thus preventing the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Most studies suggest that these effects are related to the role of melatonin in regulating of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, but the specific regulatory mechanisms remain disparate, which may lead to the differential effects of melatonin on angiogenesis under different conditions. In this review, we thus summarize some seemingly contradictory mechanisms by which melatonin controls angiogenesis under different pathological and physiological conditions, and urge that the regulatory mechanisms be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5080843. [PMID: 31737171 PMCID: PMC6815535 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 894] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) induced lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. This fundamental and conserved mechanism is based on an excess of ROS which attacks biomembranes, propagates lipid peroxidation chain reactions, and subsequently induces different types of cell death. A highly evolved sophisticated antioxidant system exists that acts to protect the cells from oxidative damage. In this review, we discussed how ROS propagate lipid peroxidation chain reactions and how the products of lipid peroxidation initiate apoptosis and autophagy in current models. We also discussed the mechanism of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis, and we summarized lipid peroxidation in pathological conditions of critical illness. We aim to bring a more global and integrative sight to know how different ROS-induced lipid peroxidation occurs among apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis.
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Li S, Chaudhary SC, Zhao X, Gaur U, Fang J, Yan F, Zheng W. Artemisinin Protects Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Against Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing the Activation of AMP-active Protein Kinase. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2016-2028. [PMID: 31523201 PMCID: PMC6743300 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in aged population, is directly associated with oxidative stress induced damage of the retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. In the current study, we investigated the role of AMPK in the protective effect of artemisinin, an FDA approved anti-malarial Chinese herbal drug, on RPE cell line D407, against H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Our results showed that artemisinin promoted the survival of D407 cells from H2O2. Artemisinin reduced intracellular ROS generation and oxidative stress, decreased LDH release and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in D407 cells treated with H2O2. Western blotting showed that artemisinin concentration- and time-dependently stimulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in D407 cells while AMPK inhibitor Compound C or knock-down of AMPK by si-RNA, inhibited the survival protective effect of artemisinin. More importantly, artemisinin produced a similar protective effect in primary cultured retinal pigment cells which was also blocked by inhibitors of AMPK. Taken together, these results suggested that artemisinin promotes survival of human retinal pigment cells against H2O2-induced cell death at least in part through enhancing the activation of AMPK. Therefore, artemisinin may be a beneficial therapeutic candidate for the treatment of age-related diseases, including retinal disorders like AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shubhash Chandra Chaudhary
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiankang Fang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fengxia Yan
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Parmeggiani F, Gallenga CE, Costagliola C, Semeraro F, Romano MR, Dell'Omo R, Russo A, De Nadai K, Gemmati D, D'Angelo S, Bolletta E, Sorrentino FS. Impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2614. [PMID: 30796269 PMCID: PMC6385217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most severe visual impairments due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are frequently caused by the occurrence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Although photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (PDT-V) is currently a second-line treatment for neovascular AMD, it can be conveniently combined with drugs acting against vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) to reduce the healthcare burden associated with the growing necessity of anti-VEGF intravitreal re-injection. Because the common 677 C > T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR-C677T; rs1801133) has been described as predictor of satisfactory short-term responsiveness of AMD-related CNV to PDT-V, we retrospectively examined the outcomes of 371 Caucasian patients treated with standardized, pro-re-nata, photodynamic regimen for 24 months. Responder (R) and non-responder (NR) patients were distinguished on the basis of the total number of scheduled PDT-V (TN-PDT-V) and change of best-corrected visual acuity (∆-BCVA). The risk for both TN-PDT-V and ∆-BCVA to pass from R to NR group was strongly correlated with CT and TT genotypes of MTHFR-C677T variant resulting, respectively, in odd ratios of 0.19 [95% CI, 0.12-0.32] and 0.09 [95% CI, 0.04-0.21] (P < 0.001), and odd ratios of 0.24 [95% CI, 0.15-0.39] and 0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.11] (P < 0.001). These pharmacogenetic findings indicate a rational basis to optimize the future clinical application of PDT-V during the combined treatments of AMD-related CNV, highlighting the role of thrombophilia to be aware of the efficacy profile of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy. .,Center for the Study of Inflammation of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, 86100, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25121, Italy
| | - Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Roberto Dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, 86100, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25121, Italy
| | - Katia De Nadai
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.,Center for Retinitis Pigmentosa of Veneto Region, Camposampiero Hospital, Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Sergio D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Elena Bolletta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
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Lledó VE, Alkozi HA, Pintor J. Yellow Filter Effect on Melatonin Secretion in the Eye: Role in IOP Regulation. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:614-618. [PMID: 30640554 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1570276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Melatonin is a neurohormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland; however, it is also present in the aqueous humor. One of melatonins' functions in the eye is the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Melatonin is known to be sensitive to light. Recently, the photopigment which controls melatonin synthesis, melanopsin, was found in the crystalline lens. Therefore, light conditions are an interesting possible way of regulating melatonin levels in the aqueous humor. The current study used yellow filters, since melanopsin is activated by short wavelength (blue light). Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were used, divided in two groups, one under controlled 12 h light/dark cycles, while the rest had their cages encased with a yellow filter (λ 465-480). IOP measurements were taken every week at the same time before they were anesthetized for aqueous humor extraction. Results: Keeping the rabbits under the yellow filter resulted in a decrease in IOP up to 43.8 ± 7.8% after 3 weeks. This effect was reversed after the topical application of selective and nonselective melatonin receptors antagonists, 4PPDOT and luzindole. Also, blocking melanopsin by its antagonist AA92593 under white light condition decreased IOP. Finally, melatonin levels were found significantly higher in the aqueous humor of rabbits developed under yellow filter compared to controls (37.4 ± 4.2 and 15.3 ± 3.1 ng/ml, respectively). Conclusion: Yellow filters modulate melatonin levels in the aqueous humor due to deactivating melanopsin activity. This effect leads to a decrease in IOP mediated by melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Eugenia Lledó
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry , University Complutense of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Hanan Awad Alkozi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry , University Complutense of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry , University Complutense of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Melatonin as the Possible Link Between Age-Related Retinal Regeneration and the Disrupted Circadian Rhythm in Elderly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:45-49. [PMID: 31884587 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and biological rhythms has been insufficiently studied; however there are several reasons to believe that impairment in circadian rhythm may affect incidence and pathogenesis of AMD. The current understanding of AMD pathology is based on age-related, cumulative oxidative damage to the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) partially due to impaired clearance of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments. In higher vertebrates, phagocytosis of the outer segments is synchronized by circadian rhythms and occurs shortly after dawn, followed by lysosomal-mediated clearance. Aging has been shown to be associated with the changes in circadian rhythmicity of melatonin production, which can be a major factor contributing to the impaired balance between phagocytosis and clearance and increased levels of reactive oxygen species resulting in degenerative changes in the retina. This minireview summarizes studies linking AMD with melatonin production and discusses challenges and perspectives of this area of research.
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Del Valle Bessone C, Fajreldines HD, de Barboza GED, Tolosa de Talamoni NG, Allemandi DA, Carpentieri AR, Quinteros DA. Protective role of melatonin on retinal ganglionar cell: In vitro an in vivo evidences. Life Sci 2018; 218:233-240. [PMID: 30605647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers ocular neurodegenerative diseases, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration. The increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) causes damage to the structure and function of the axons that make up the optic nerve, leading to cell death arising from apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy in the RCGs. The use of antioxidants to prevent visual neurodegenerative pathologies is a novel and possibly valuable therapeutic strategy. To investigate in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective efficacy of melatonin (MEL) in RGCs, we used a model of oxidative glutamate (GLUT) toxicity in combination with l-butionin-S, R-sulfoximine (BSO), which induces cell death by apoptosis through cytotoxicity and oxidative stress mechanisms. Histological sectioning and immunohistochemical assays using the TUNEL technique were performed to determine the damage generated in affected cells and to observe the death process of RGCs. Whit BSO-GLUT the results revealed a progressive RGCs death without any significant evidence of a decreased retinal function after 9 days of treatment. In this way, we were able to develop a retinal degeneration model in vivo to carry out treatment with MEL and observed an increase in the survival percentage of RGCs, showing that BSO-GLUT could not exert an oxidant effect on cells to counteract the effect of MEL. These findings reveal that MEL has a neuroprotective and antiapoptotic effect as evidenced by the reduction of oxidative stress damage. MEL demonstrated in this model makes it a promising neuroprotective agent for the treatment of ocular neurodegenerative diseases when administered locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Del Valle Bessone
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hugo Diaz Fajreldines
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurociencias Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Daniel Alberto Allemandi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agata Rita Carpentieri
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA)/CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Cátedra B de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Alejandra Quinteros
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Anderson G. Linking the biological underpinnings of depression: Role of mitochondria interactions with melatonin, inflammation, sirtuins, tryptophan catabolites, DNA repair and oxidative and nitrosative stress, with consequences for classification and cognition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:255-266. [PMID: 28433458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological underpinnings of neuroprogressive processes in recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) are reviewed. A wide array of biochemical processes underlie MDD presentations and their shift to a recurrent, neuroprogressive course, including: increased immune-inflammation, tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), mitochondrial dysfunction, aryl hydrocarbonn receptor activation, and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), as well as decreased sirtuins and melatonergic pathway activity. These biochemical changes may have their roots in central, systemic and/or peripheral sites, including in the gut, as well as in developmental processes, such as prenatal stressors and breastfeeding consequences. Consequently, conceptualizations of MDD have dramatically moved from simple psychological and central biochemical models, such as lowered brain serotonin, to a conceptualization that incorporates whole body processes over a lifespan developmental timescale. However, important hubs are proposed, including the gut-brain axis, and mitochondrial functioning, which may provide achievable common treatment targets despite considerable inter-individual variability in biochemical changes. This provides a more realistic model of the complexity of MDD and the pathophysiological processes that underpin the shift to rMDD and consequent cognitive deficits. Such accumulating data on the pathophysiological processes underpinning MDD highlights the need in psychiatry to shift to a classification system that is based on biochemical processes, rather than subjective phenomenology.
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Matsuda K, Park K, Tatsumi H, Kitada R, Yoshiyama M. The Use of Electronic Medical Record Data to Analyze the Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Birth Month. Online J Public Health Inform 2017; 9:e199. [PMID: 29403578 PMCID: PMC5790432 DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v9i3.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is a condition of enormous public health concern. Recently, a population study newly revealed associations between cardiovascular diseases and birth month. Here, we investigated the association between atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular disease and birth month. METHODS We retrospectively extracted birth date data from 6,016 patients with atrial fibrillation (3,876 males; 2,140 females) from our electronic medical records. The number of live births in Japan fluctuates seasonally. Therefore, we corrected the number of patients for each birth month based on a Japanese population survey report. Then, a test of the significance of the association between atrial fibrillation and birth month was performed using a chi-square test. In addition, we compared the results of an analysis of patient data with that of simulated data that showed no association with birth month. RESULTS The deviations of birth month were not significant (overall: p = 0.631, males: p = 0.842, females: p = 0.333). The number of female patients born in the first quarter of the year was slightly higher than those born in the other quarters of the year (p = 0.030). However, by comparing the magnitudes of dispersion in the simulated data, it seems that this finding was mere coincidence. CONCLUSION An association between atrial fibrillation and birth month could not be confirmed in our Japanese study. However, this might be due to differences in ethnicity. Further epidemiologic studies on this topic may result in reduction of disease risk in the general population and contribute to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keunsik Park
- Department of Medical Informatics, Osaka City
University Hospital, Osaka, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tatsumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City
University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Ryoko Kitada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City
University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka,
Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City
University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka,
Japan
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Crooke A, Huete-Toral F, Colligris B, Pintor J. The role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28658514 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The eye is continuously exposed to solar UV radiation and pollutants, making it prone to oxidative attacks. In fact, oxidative damage is a major cause of age-related ocular diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. As the nature of lens cells, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and photoreceptors is postmitotic, autophagy plays a critical role in their cellular homeostasis. In age-related ocular diseases, this process is impaired, and thus, oxidative damage becomes irreversible. Other conditions such as low-grade chronic inflammation and angiogenesis also contribute to the development of retinal diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy). As melatonin is known to have remarkable qualities such as antioxidant/antinitridergic, mitochondrial protector, autophagy modulator, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic, it can represent a powerful tool to counteract all these diseases. The present review analyzes the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases, focusing on nitro-oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Basilio Colligris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Willis GL, Freelance CB. Neurochemical Systems of the Retina Involved in the Control of Movement. Front Neurol 2017; 8:324. [PMID: 28725212 PMCID: PMC5497141 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the retina may exert control over deep brain function and may be importantly involved in the etiology, progression, and treatment of disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). While such a concept is uncharted territory and even less is known about the mechanism by which this might be achieved, this study was undertaken to determine how retinal dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and melatonin (MEL) neurotransmitter systems might be involved in the control of movement in their own right. To explore these further, intravitreal (IVIT) injections of DA, 5-HT, and MEL were made 0.5 or 3 h prior to testing horizontal and vertical movement in the open field as well as assessment on three motor tests used routinely to evaluate movement as a preclinical model of PD. The doses of DA (2 µl of 25 and 75 µg/µl), 5-HT (2 µl of 5 and 15 µg/µl), and MEL (2 µl of 5 µg/µl) were chosen because of previous work demonstrating an anatomically precise effect of these transmitters after they were injected directly into the brain. The postinjection times of testing were also chosen on the basis of previous intracerebral and IVIT work intimating the importance of the circadian cycle in determining the efficacy of such effects. 0.5 h after IVIT injection of DA at the 25 and 75 µg/µl doses, significant inhibition of motor function was observed. While IVIT injection of 10 or 30 µg of 5-HT also inhibited motor performance, this was significantly less than that seen with DA. In fact, IVIT injection increases motor performance compared to vehicle injection on some parameters. The IVIT injection of 10 µg of MEL facilitated motor function on many parameters compared to DA, 5-HT, and vehicle injection. When rats were tested 3 h after IVIT injection, the inhibition of vertical movement was also observed compared to controls. The present results illustrate that specific retinal neurotransmitter systems participate in the normal control of bodily motor function. The possible involvement of these systems in movement disorders such as PD is the subject of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- Coliban Medical Centre, The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Kyneton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher B Freelance
- Coliban Medical Centre, The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Kyneton, VIC, Australia
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