1
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Hack W, Gladen-Kolarsky N, Chatterjee S, Liang Q, Maitra U, Ciesla L, Gray NE. Gardenin A treatment attenuates inflammatory markers, synuclein pathology and deficits in tyrosine hydroxylase expression and improves cognitive and motor function in A53T-α-syn mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116370. [PMID: 38458012 PMCID: PMC11017674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are widespread in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and contribute to the synaptic degradation and dopaminergic cell loss that result in cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. The polymethoxyflavone Gardenin A (GA) has been shown to activate the NRF2-regulated antioxidant pathway and inhibit the NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory pathway in a Drosophila model of PD. Here, we evaluate the effects of GA on A53T alpha-synuclein overexpressing (A53TSyn) mice. A53TSyn mice were treated orally for 4 weeks with 0, 25, or 100 mg/kg GA. In the fourth week, mice underwent behavioral testing and tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated alpha synuclein (pSyn) expression, and quantification of synaptic, antioxidant and inflammatory gene expression. Results were compared to vehicle-treated C57BL6J mice. Treatment with 100 mg/kg GA improved associative memory and decreased abnormalities in mobility and gait in A53TSyn mice. GA treatment also reduced pSyn levels in both the cortex and hippocampus and attenuated the reduction in TH expression in the striatum seen in A53Tsyn mice. Additionally, GA increased cortical expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes and decreased expression of NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes. GA was readily detectable in the brains of treated mice and modulated the lipid profile in the deep gray brain tissue of those animals. While the beneficial effects of GA on cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction and PD pathology are promising, future studies are needed to further fully elucidate the mechanism of action of GA, optimizing dosing and confirm these effects in other PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Hack
- Oregon Health & Science University, Neurology, Portland, United States
| | | | | | - Qiaoli Liang
- University of Alabama, Mass spectrometry facility, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, United States
| | - Urmila Maitra
- University of Alabama, Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, United States
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- University of Alabama, Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, United States.
| | - Nora E Gray
- Oregon Health & Science University, Neurology, Portland, United States.
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2
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Brazdis RM, von Zimmermann C, Lenz B, Kornhuber J, Mühle C. Peripheral Upregulation of Parkinson's Disease-Associated Genes Encoding α-Synuclein, β-Glucocerebrosidase, and Ceramide Glucosyltransferase in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3219. [PMID: 38542193 PMCID: PMC10970259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the high comorbidity of Parkinson's disease (PD) with major depressive disorder (MDD) and the involvement of sphingolipids in both conditions, we investigated the peripheral expression levels of three primarily PD-associated genes: α-synuclein (SNCA), lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), and UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) in a sex-balanced MDD cohort. Normalized gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR in patients suffering from MDD (unmedicated n = 63, medicated n = 66) and controls (remitted MDD n = 39, healthy subjects n = 61). We observed that expression levels of SNCA (p = 0.036), GBA1 (p = 0.014), and UGCG (p = 0.0002) were higher in currently depressed patients compared to controls and remitted patients, and expression of GBA1 and UGCG decreased in medicated patients during three weeks of therapy. Additionally, in subgroups, expression was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, we identified correlations between the gene expression levels and PD-related laboratory parameters. Our findings suggest that SNCA, GBA1, and UGCG analysis could be instrumental in the search for biomarkers of MDD and in understanding the overlapping pathological mechanisms underlying neuro-psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan-Marius Brazdis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.-M.B.); (B.L.); (J.K.)
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3
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Kalinichenko LS, Kohl Z, Mühle C, Hassan Z, Hahn A, Schmitt EM, Macht K, Stoyanov L, Moghaddami S, Bilbao R, Eulenburg V, Winkler J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Sex-specific pleiotropic changes in emotional behavior and alcohol consumption in human α-synuclein A53T transgenic mice during early adulthood. J Neurochem 2024; 168:269-287. [PMID: 38284431 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Point mutations in the α-synuclein coding gene may lead to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is often accompanied by other psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and drug use disorders, which typically emerge in adulthood. Some of these point mutations, such as SNCA and A30T, have been linked to behavioral effects that are not commonly associated with PD, especially regarding alcohol consumption patterns. In this study, we investigated whether the familial PD point mutation A53T is associated with changes in alcohol consumption behavior and emotional states at ages not yet characterized by α-synuclein accumulation. The affective and alcohol-drinking phenotypes remained unaltered in female PDGF-hA53T-synuclein-transgenic (A53T) mice during both early and late adulthood. Brain region-specific activation of ceramide-producing enzymes, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM), known for their neuroprotective properties, was observed during early adulthood but not in late adulthood. In males, the A53T mutation was linked to a reduction in alcohol consumption in both early and late adulthood. However, male A53T mice displayed increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors during both early and late adulthood. Enhanced ASM activity in the dorsal mesencephalon and ventral hippocampus may potentially contribute to these adverse behavioral effects of the mutation in males during late adulthood. In summary, the A53T gene mutation was associated with diverse changes in emotional states and alcohol consumption behavior long before the onset of PD, and these effects varied by sex. These alterations in behavior may be linked to changes in brain ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Macht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lyubomir Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Schayan Moghaddami
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Fenizia S, Gaggini M, Vassalle C. Interplay between Vitamin D and Sphingolipids in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17123. [PMID: 38069444 PMCID: PMC10706901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are structural, bioactive molecules with several key cellular roles, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), the active form of vitamin D, is considered the major regulator of calcium homeostasis, although it also exerts other extraskeletal effects. Many studies reported the physiological connection between vitamin D and SLs, highlighting not only the effects of vitamin D on SL metabolism and signaling but also the influence of SLs on vitamin D levels and function, thus strongly suggesting a crosstalk between these molecules. After a brief description of 1,25(OH)D and SL metabolism, this review aims to discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence on the crosstalk between SLs and 1,25(OH)D, with a special focus on cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fenizia
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Hack W, Gladen-Kolarsky N, Chatterjee S, Liang Q, Maitra U, Ciesla L, Gray NE. Gardenin A improves cognitive and motor function in A53T-α-syn mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564401. [PMID: 37961574 PMCID: PMC10634905 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are widespread in the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain and contribute to the synaptic degradation and dopaminergic cell loss that result in cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. The polymethoxyflavone Gardenin A (GA) has been shown to activate the NRF2-regulated antioxidant pathway and inhibit the NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory pathway in a Drosophila model of PD. Here, we evaluate the effects of GA on A53T alpha-synuclein overexpressing (A53TSyn) mice. A53TSyn mice were treated orally for 4 weeks with 0, 25, or 100 mg/kg GA. In the fourth week, mice underwent behavioral testing and tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phosphorylated alpha synuclein (pSyn) expression, and quantification of synaptic, antioxidant and inflammatory gene expression. Results were compared to vehicle-treated C57BL6 mice. Treatment with 100 mg/kg GA improved associative memory and decreased abnormalities in mobility and gait in A53TSyn mice. GA treatment also reduced cortical and hippocampal levels of pSyn and attenuated the reduction in TH expression in the striatum. Additionally, GA increased cortical expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes and decreased expression of NFkB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes. GA was readily detectable in the brains of treated mice and modulated the lipid profile in the deep gray brain tissue of those animals. While the beneficial effects of GA on cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction and PD pathology are promising, future studies are needed to further fully elucidate the mechanism of action of GA, optimizing dosing and confirm these effects in other PD models. Significance Statement The polymethoxyflavone Gardenin A can improve cognitive and motor function and attenuate both increases in phosphorylated alpha synuclein and reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in A53T alpha synuclein overexpressing mice. These effects may be related to activation of the NRF2-regulated antioxidant response and downregulation of NFkB-dependent inflammatory response by Gardenin A in treated animals. The study also showed excellent brain bioavailability of Gardenin A and modifications of the lipid profile, possibly through interactions between Gardenin A with the lipid bilayer, following oral administration. The study confirms neuroprotective activity of Gardenin A previously reported in toxin induced Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease.
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6
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Mei M, Liu M, Mei Y, Zhao J, Li Y. Sphingolipid metabolism in brain insulin resistance and neurological diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243132. [PMID: 37867511 PMCID: PMC10587683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, as members of the large lipid family, are important components of plasma membrane. Sphingolipids participate in biological signal transduction to regulate various important physiological processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and differentiation. Numerous studies have demonstrated that sphingolipids are strongly associated with glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, including peripheral insulin resistance and brain insulin resistance, is closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases. In addition to metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes, brain insulin resistance is also involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the specific mechanism of sphingolipids in brain insulin resistance has not been systematically summarized. This article reviews the involvement of sphingolipids in brain insulin resistance, highlighting the role and molecular biological mechanism of sphingolipid metabolism in cognitive dysfunctions and neuropathological abnormalities of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maochang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Administrative Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Fiorani F, Domenis R, Dalla E, Cataldi S, Conte C, Mandarano M, Sidoni A, Cifù A, Beccari T, Mirarchi A, Arcuri C, Curcio F, Albi E. Ceramide releases exosomes with a specific miRNA signature for cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10993. [PMID: 37419964 PMCID: PMC10329022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are well established effectors of cell-cell communication. Their role on maturation of embryonic cells located in hippocampus, seat of memory, is unknown. Here we show that ceramide facilitates release of exosomes from HN9.10e cells extending information for cell differentiation to neighboring cells. We found only 38 miRNAs differentially expressed in exosomes derived from ceramide-treated cells in comparison with control cells (including 10 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated). Some overexpressed miRNAs (mmu-let-7f-1-3p, mmu-let-7a-1-3p, mmu-let-7b-3p, mmu-let-7b-5p, mmu-miR-330-3p) regulate genes encoding for protein involved in biological, homeostatic, biosynthetic and small molecule metabolic processes, embryo development and cell differentiation, all phenomena relevant for HN9.10e cell differentiation. Notably, the overexpressed mmu-let-7b-5p miRNA appears to be important for our study based on its ability to regulate thirty-five gene targets involved in many processes including sphingolipid metabolism, sphingolipid-related stimulation of cellular functions and neuronal development. Furthermore, we showed that by incubating embryonic cells with exosomes released under ceramide treatment, some cells acquired an astrocytic phenotype and others a neuronal phenotype. We anticipate our study to be a start point for innovative therapeutic strategies to regulate the release of exosomes useful to stimulate delayed brain development in the newborn and to improve the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fiorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Domenis
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Cifù
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mirarchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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Khan MA, Haider N, Singh T, Bandopadhyay R, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Taha M, Ahmad J, Mishra A. Promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's disease: recent advancements and contemporary research. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:873-919. [PMID: 36807081 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the progressive neurological diseases which affect around 10 million population worldwide. The clinical manifestation of motor symptoms in PD patients appears later when most dopaminergic neurons have degenerated. Thus, for better management of PD, the development of accurate biomarkers for the early prognosis of PD is imperative. The present work will discuss the potential biomarkers from various attributes covering biochemical, microRNA, and neuroimaging aspects (α-synuclein, DJ-1, UCH-L1, β-glucocerebrosidase, BDNF, etc.) for diagnosis, recent development in PD management, and major limitations with current and conventional anti-Parkinson therapy. This manuscript summarizes potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, based on available preclinical and clinical evidence, for better management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Ritam Bandopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtada Taha
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Kamrup, Changsari, Assam, 781101, India.
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9
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Ouro A, Correa-Paz C, Maqueda E, Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Posado-Fernández A, Candamo-Lourido M, Alonso-Alonso ML, Hervella P, Iglesias-Rey R, Castillo J, Campos F, Sobrino T. Involvement of Ceramide Metabolism in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864618. [PMID: 35531465 PMCID: PMC9067562 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain and subsequent neuronal death, represents one of the main causes of disability in worldwide. Although reperfusion therapies have shown efficacy in a limited number of patients with acute ischemic stroke, neuroprotective drugs and recovery strategies have been widely assessed, but none of them have been successful in clinical practice. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches is still necessary. Sphingolipids consist of a family of lipidic molecules with both structural and cell signaling functions. Regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cell fate and homeostasis in the body. Different works have emphasized the implication of its metabolism in different pathologies, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, or atherosclerosis. Other studies have shown its implication in the risk of suffering a stroke and its progression. This review will highlight the implications of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Maqueda
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Candamo-Lourido
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Alonso-Alonso
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Hervella
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Translational Stroke Laboratory Group (TREAT), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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10
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Gouda NA, Elkamhawy A, Cho J. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease and Future Prospects: A 2021 Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020371. [PMID: 35203580 PMCID: PMC8962417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically distinguished by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are all clinical motor hallmarks of PD. Several pathways have been implicated in PD etiology, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but how these factors interact remains incompletely understood. Although many breakthroughs in PD therapy have been accomplished, there is currently no cure for PD, only trials to alleviate the related motor symptoms. To reduce or stop the clinical progression and mobility impairment, a disease-modifying approach that can directly target the etiology rather than offering symptomatic alleviation remains a major unmet clinical need in the management of PD. In this review, we briefly introduce current treatments and pathophysiology of PD. In addition, we address the novel innovative therapeutic targets for PD therapy, including α-synuclein, autophagy, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and others. Several immunomodulatory approaches and stem cell research currently in clinical trials with PD patients are also discussed. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of novel and repurposed therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with encouraging outcomes are summarized. Finally, molecular biomarkers under active investigation are presented as potentially valuable tools for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Albi E, Alessenko AV. Nuclear sphingomyelin in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2028-2029. [PMID: 33642390 PMCID: PMC8343301 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice V. Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Signorelli P, Conte C, Albi E. The Multiple Roles of Sphingomyelin in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091311. [PMID: 34572524 PMCID: PMC8469734 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances over the past decade have improved our understanding of the role of sphingolipid in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease. Much attention has been paid to ceramide derived molecules, especially glucocerebroside, and little on sphingomyelin, a critical molecule for brain physiopathology. Sphingomyelin has been proposed to be involved in PD due to its presence in the myelin sheath and for its role in nerve impulse transmission, in presynaptic plasticity, and in neurotransmitter receptor localization. The analysis of sphingomyelin-metabolizing enzymes, the development of specific inhibitors, and advanced mass spectrometry have all provided insight into the signaling mechanisms of sphingomyelin and its implications in Parkinson's disease. This review describes in vitro and in vivo studies with often conflicting results. We focus on the synthesis and degradation enzymes of sphingomyelin, highlighting the genetic risks and the molecular alterations associated with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Custodia A, Aramburu-Núñez M, Correa-Paz C, Posado-Fernández A, Gómez-Larrauri A, Castillo J, Gómez-Muñoz A, Sobrino T, Ouro A. Ceramide Metabolism and Parkinson's Disease-Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:945. [PMID: 34202192 PMCID: PMC8301871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in numerous cellular processes. In addition to being the precursor of complex sphingolipids, ceramides can act as second messengers, especially when they are generated at the plasma membrane of cells. Its metabolic dysfunction may lead to or be a consequence of an underlying disease. Recent reports on transcriptomics and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis have demonstrated the variation of specific levels of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in their metabolism in different neurodegenerative diseases. In the present review, we highlight the most relevant discoveries related to ceramide and neurodegeneration, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Custodia
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Adrián Posado-Fernández
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Ana Gómez-Larrauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
- Respiratory Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Antonio Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesa da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.); (M.A.-N.); (C.C.-P.); (A.P.-F.); (J.C.)
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14
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Cuenca-Bermejo L, Pizzichini E, Gonçalves VC, Guillén-Díaz M, Aguilar-Moñino E, Sánchez-Rodrigo C, González-Cuello AM, Fernández-Villalba E, Herrero MT. A New Tool to Study Parkinsonism in the Context of Aging: MPTP Intoxication in a Natural Model of Multimorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4341. [PMID: 33919373 PMCID: PMC8122583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diurnal rodent Octodon degus (O. degus) is considered an attractive natural model for Alzheimer's disease and other human age-related features. However, it has not been explored so far if the O. degus could be used as a model to study Parkinson's disease. To test this idea, 10 adult male O. degus were divided into control group and MPTP-intoxicated animals. Motor condition and cognition were examined. Dopaminergic degeneration was studied in the ventral mesencephalon and in the striatum. Neuroinflammation was also evaluated in the ventral mesencephalon, in the striatum and in the dorsal hippocampus. MPTP animals showed significant alterations in motor activity and in visuospatial memory. Postmortem analysis revealed a significant decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral mesencephalon of MPTP animals, although no differences were found in their striatal terminals. We observed a significant increase in neuroinflammatory responses in the mesencephalon, in the striatum and in the hippocampus of MPTP-intoxicated animals. Additionally, changes in the subcellular expression of the calcium-binding protein S100β were found in the astrocytes in the nigrostriatal pathway. These findings prove for the first time that O. degus are sensitive to MPTP intoxication and, therefore, is a suitable model for experimental Parkinsonism in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Pizzichini
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” (BBCD), Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria C. Gonçalves
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - María Guillén-Díaz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
| | - Elena Aguilar-Moñino
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Rodrigo
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana-María González-Cuello
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Emiliano Fernández-Villalba
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (NiCE), Institute for Aging Research (IUIE), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.-B.); (E.P.); (V.C.G.); (M.G.-D.); (E.A.-M.); (C.S.-R.); (A.-M.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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15
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Alessenko AV, Albi E. Exploring Sphingolipid Implications in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2020; 11:437. [PMID: 32528400 PMCID: PMC7254877 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it was found that relatively simple sphingolipids, such as ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and glucosylceramide play important roles in neuronal functions by regulating rates of neuronal growth and differentiation. Homeostasis of membrane sphingolipids in neurons and myelin is essential to prevent the loss of synaptic plasticity, cell death and neurodegeneration. In our review we summarize data about significant brain cell alterations of sphingolipids in different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Gaucher's, Farber's diseases, etc. We reported results obtained in brain tissue from both animals in which diseases were induced and humans in autopsy samples. Moreover, attention was paid on sphingolipids in biofluids, liquor and blood, from patients. In Alzheimer's disease sphingolipids are involved in the processing and aggregation of β-amyloid and in the transmission of the cytotoxic signal β-amyloid and TNFα-induced. Recently, the gangliosides metabolism in transgenic animals and the relationship between blood sphingolipids changes and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients have been intensively studied. Numerous experiments have highlighted the involvement of ceramide and monohexosylceramide metabolism in the pathophysiology of the sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Moreover, gene mutations of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme were considered as responsible for Parkinson's disease via transition of the monomeric form of α-synuclein to an oligomeric, aggregated toxic form. Disturbances in the metabolism of ceramides were also associated with the appearance of Lewy's bodies. Changes in sphingolipid metabolism were found as a manifestation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, both sporadic and family forms, and affected the rate of disease development. Currently, fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is the only drug undergoing clinical trials of phase II safety for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The use of sphingolipids as new diagnostic markers and as targets for innovative therapeutic strategies in different neurodegenerative disorders has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Alessenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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A Role for Neutral Sphingomyelinase in Wound Healing Induced by Keratinocyte Proliferation upon 1 α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153634. [PMID: 31349547 PMCID: PMC6695647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin has many functions, such as providing a barrier against injury and pathogens, protecting from ultraviolet light, and regulating body temperature. Mechanical causes and many different pathologies can lead to skin damage. Therefore, it is important for the skin to be always adaptable and renewable and for cells to undergo proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) stimulates keratinocyte proliferation, leading to wound closure in a simulation model of injury. Functionally, our results show that VD3 acts by stimulating cyclin D1, a cyclin that promotes the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. The study on the mechanism underlying cyclin D1 expression upon VD3 stimulation clearly demonstrates a key role of neutral sphingomyelinase. The enzyme, whose gene and protein expression is stimulated by VD3, is itself able to induce effects on cyclin D1 and wound healing similar to those obtained with VD3. These results could be very useful in the future to better understand wound mechanisms and improve therapeutic interventions.
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17
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Conte C, Arcuri C, Cataldi S, Mecca C, Codini M, Ceccarini MR, Patria FF, Beccari T, Albi E. Niemann-Pick Type A Disease: Behavior of Neutral Sphingomyelinase and Vitamin D Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092365. [PMID: 31086057 PMCID: PMC6539364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelinase (SMase) is responsible for the breakdown of sphingomyelin (SM) with production of ceramide. The absence of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) causes abnormal synapse formation in Niemann-Pick type A (NPA) disease. Because high levels of ceramide in the NPA brain were demonstrated, the involvement of other SMases were supposed. In the present study we focused the attention on the neurogenic niches in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus (GD), a brain structure essential for forming cohesive memory. We demonstrated for the first time the increase of (Sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), and the down-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) NPA mice GD. Moreover, we found that the expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs), was increased in NPA mice, particularly TLR2, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 members. Although no significant change in neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) gene expression was detected in the NPA mice hippocampus of, protein levels were enhanced, probably because of the slower protein degradation rate in this area. Many studies demonstrated that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in the hippocampus GD. Unexpectedly, we showed that NPA mice exhibited VDR gene and protein expression up-regulation. In summary, our study suggests a relation between hippocampal cell differentiation defect, nSMase and VDR increase in NPA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carmen Mecca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Cataldi S, Arcuri C, Hunot S, Mecca C, Codini M, Laurenti ME, Ferri I, Loreti E, Garcia-Gil M, Traina G, Conte C, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Beccari T, Curcio F, Albi E. Effect of Vitamin D in HN9.10e Embryonic Hippocampal Cells and in Hippocampus from MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:31. [PMID: 29467625 PMCID: PMC5808335 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been proven that neurogenesis continues in the adult brains of mammals in the dentatus gyrus of the hippocampus due to the presence of neural stem cells. Although a large number of studies have been carried out to highlight the localization of vitamin D receptor in hippocampus, the expression of vitamin D receptor in neurogenic dentatus gyrus of hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the molecular mechanisms triggered by vitamin D underlying the production of differentiated neurons from embryonic cells remain unknown. Thus, we performed a preclinical in vivo study by inducing PD in mice with MPTP and showed a reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vitamin D receptor in the dentatus gyrus of hippocampus. Then, we performed an in vitro study by inducing embryonic hippocampal cell differentiation with vitamin D. Interestingly, vitamin D stimulates the expression of its receptor. Vitamin D receptor is a transcription factor that probably is responsible for the upregulation of microtubule associated protein 2 and neurofilament heavy polypeptide genes. The latter increases heavy neurofilament protein expression, essential for neurofilament growth. Notably N-cadherin, implicated in activity for dendritic outgrowth, is upregulated by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stéphane Hunot
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleépinière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Mecca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria E. Laurenti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loreti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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