1
|
Louise Kelly C, Wydrzynska M, Phelan MM, Osharovich S, Delikatny EJ, Sée V, Poptani H. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by the choline-kinase inhibitor JAS239 varies with cell type and hypoxia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576078. [PMID: 38293093 PMCID: PMC10827177 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Elevated choline kinase alpha (ChoK) is observed in most solid tumours including glioblastomas (GBM), yet until recently, inhibitors of ChoK have demonstrated limited efficacy in GBM models. Given that hypoxia is associated with GBM therapy resistance, we hypothesised that tumour hypoxia could be responsible for such limitations. We therefore evaluated in GBM cells, the effect of hypoxia on the function of JAS239, a potent ChoK inhibitor. Methods Rodent (F98 and 9L) and human (U-87 MG and U-251 MG) GBM cell lines were subjected to 72 hours of hypoxia conditioning and treated with JAS239 for 24 hours. NMR metabolomic measurements and analyses were performed to evaluate the signalling pathways involved. In addition, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell invasion were measured in cell monolayers and 3D spheroids, with or without JAS239 treatment in normoxic or hypoxic cells to assess how hypoxia affects JAS239 function. Results Hypoxia and JAS239 treatment led to significant changes in the cellular metabolic pathways, specifically the phospholipid and glycolytic pathways associated with a reduction in cell proliferation via induced cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, JAS239 also impaired GBM invasion. However, JAS239 effects were variable depending on the cell line, reflecting the inherent heterogeneity observed in GBMs. Conclusion Our findings indicate that JAS239 and hypoxia can deregulate cellular metabolism, inhibit proliferation and alter cell invasion. These results may be useful for the design of new therapeutic strategies based on ChoK inhibition that can act on multiple pro-tumorigenic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Kelly
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martyna Wydrzynska
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marie M Phelan
- High field NMR facility, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sofya Osharovich
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Violaine Sée
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves TL, de Araújo LP, Pereira Ferrer V. Tamoxifen as a modulator of CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 chemokine axis: A breast cancer and glioblastoma view. Cytokine 2023; 170:156344. [PMID: 37639844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor 1 (SDF)-1/CXCL12 acts by binding to its receptors, the CXC-4 chemokine receptor (CXCR4) and the CXC-7 chemokine receptor (CXCR7). The binding of CXCL12 to its receptors results in downstream signaling that leads to cell survival, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. CXCL12 and CXCR4 are highly expressed in breast cancer (BC) and glioblastoma (GBM) compared to normal cells. High expression of this chemokine axis correlates with increased therapy resistance and grade, tumor spread and poorer prognosis in these tumors. Tamoxifen (TMX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that inhibits the expression of estrogen-regulated genes, including growth and angiogenic factors secreted by tumor cells. Additionally, TMX targets several proteins, such as protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC), P-glycoprotein (PgP), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and ion channels. This drug showed promising antitumor activity against both BC and GBM cells. In this review, we discuss the role of the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 chemokine axis in BC and GBM tumor biology and propose TMX as a potential modulator of this axis in these tumors. TMX modulates the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis in BC, however, there are no studies on this in GBM. We propose that studying this axis in GBM cells/patients treated with TMX might be beneficial for these patients. TMX inhibits important signaling pathways in these tumors and the activation of this chemokine axis is associated with increased therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaynan Lopes Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luanna Prudencio de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology of Tumors, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh S, Shukla R. Nanovesicular-Mediated Intranasal Drug Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:179. [PMID: 37658972 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glioblastoma multiform are now becoming significant concerns of global health. Formulation-related issues, physiological and anatomical barriers, post-administration obstacles, physical challenges, regulatory limitations, environmental hurdles, and health and safety issues have all hindered successful delivery and effective outcomes despite a variety of treatment options. In the current review, we covered the intranasal route, an alternative strategic route targeting brain for improved delivery across the BBB. The trans-nasal pathway is non-invasive, directing therapeutics directly towards brain, circumventing the barrier and reducing peripheral exposure. The delivery of nanosized vesicles loaded with drugs was also covered in the review. Nanovesicle systems are organised in concentric bilayered lipid membranes separated with aqueous layers. These carriers surmount the disadvantages posed by intranasal delivery of rapid mucociliary clearance and enzymatic degradation, and enhance retention of drug to reach the site of target. In conclusion, the review covers in-depth conclusions on numerous aspects of formulation of drug-loaded vesicular system delivery across BBB, current marketed nasal devices, significant jeopardies, potential therapeutic aids, and current advancements followed by future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Q, Xue C, Man J, Zhang P, Ke X, Zhao J, Zhang B, Zhou J. Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in glioblastoma with magnetic resonance imaging characteristics: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:5958-5973. [PMID: 37711787 PMCID: PMC10498259 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (Gb) is the most common primary malignant tumor of brain with poor prognosis. Immune cells are the main factors affecting the prognosis of Gb, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant infiltrating immune cell population in the immune microenvironment of Gb. Analyzing the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and TAMs of Gb, and using imaging features to characterize the infiltration level of TAMs in tumor tissue may provide indicators for clinical decision-making and prognosis evaluation of Gb. Methods Data from 140 in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type Gb diagnosed via histopathology and molecular diagnosis in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2018 to April 2022 were collected in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. MRI images were reviewed for lesion location, cyst, necrosis, hemorrhage, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI signal intensity, average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean), and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD163 and anti-CD68 antibodies was employed for macrophage detection. The positive cell percentage was estimated in 9 microscopic fields at 400× magnification per whole-slide image with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Additionally, the relationship between MRI features, molecular, states and the positive CD68 and CD163 expression was analyzed. Results Our study discovered that the mean or median values of CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs were 7.39% and 14.98%, respectively. There was an obvious correlation between CD163+ TAMs and CD68+ TAMs (r=0.497; P=0.000). CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage infiltration correlated with age at diagnosis in patients with Gb (CD68+: r=0.230, P=0.006; CD163+: r=0.172, P=0.042). The levels of Gb TAM infiltration in different tumor locations varied, with the temporal lobe having the highest CD163+ macrophage and CD68+ macrophage infiltration (18.58% and 9.46%, respectively). CD163+ macrophage infiltration was positively correlated with ADCmean (r=0.208; P=0.014). The infiltration of CD68+ macrophages differed significantly between groups with varying degrees of tumor enhancement (H =4.228; P=0.017). There was a significant difference in CD68+ TAMs and CD163+ TAMs between the wild-type and mutant-type telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) types (P=0.004 and P=0.031, respectively). Conclusions Age, location of the tumor, degree of tumor enhancement, ADC value, and TERT mutation status were associated with macrophage infiltration. These findings may serve as an effective tool for characterizing the tumor microenvironment in patients with Gb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Caiqiang Xue
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Man
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Surgical, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoai Ke
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tritz ZP, Ayasoufi K, Wolf DM, Owens CA, Malo CS, Himes BT, Fain CE, Goddery EN, Yokanovich LT, Jin F, Hansen MJ, Parney IF, Wang C, Moynihan KD, Irvine DJ, Wittrup KD, Marcano RMD, Vile RG, Johnson AJ. Anti-PD-1 and Extended Half-life IL2 Synergize for Treatment of Murine Glioblastoma Independent of Host MHC Class I Expression. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:763-776. [PMID: 36921098 PMCID: PMC10239322 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, responsible for approximately 225,000 deaths per year. Despite preclinical successes, most interventions have failed to extend patient survival by more than a few months. Treatment with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) monotherapy has been beneficial for malignant tumors such as melanoma and lung cancers but has yet to be effectively employed in GBM. This study aimed to determine whether supplementing anti-PD-1 ICB with engineered extended half-life IL2, a potent lymphoproliferative cytokine, could improve outcomes. This combination therapy, subsequently referred to as enhanced checkpoint blockade (ECB), delivered intraperitoneally, reliably cures approximately 50% of C57BL/6 mice bearing orthotopic GL261 gliomas and extends median survival of the treated cohort. In the CT2A model, characterized as being resistant to CBI, ECB caused a decrease in CT2A tumor volume in half of measured animals similar to what was observed in GL261-bearing mice, promoting a trending survival increase. ECB generates robust immunologic responses, features of which include secondary lymphoid organ enlargement and increased activation status of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. This immunity is durable, with long-term ECB survivors able to resist GL261 rechallenge. Through employment of depletion strategies, ECB's efficacy was shown to be independent of host MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation but reliant on CD4 T cells. These results demonstrate ECB is efficacious against the GL261 glioma model through an MHC class I-independent mechanism and supporting further investigation into IL2-supplemented ICB therapies for tumors of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Courtney S. Malo
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN
| | - Benjamin T. Himes
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN
| | - Cori E. Fain
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN
| | - Emma N. Goddery
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Fang Jin
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Ian F. Parney
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurologic Surgery, Rochester, MN
| | - Chensu Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kelly D. Moynihan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Richard G. Vile
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Mayo Clinic Department of Immunology, Rochester, MN
- Mayo Clinic Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Progress in targeting PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in glioblastoma therapy: Revisiting molecular interactions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114204. [PMID: 36916430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant cancers of central nervous system and due to its sensitive location, surgical resection has high risk and therefore, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are utilized for its treatment. However, chemoresistance and radio-resistance are other problems in GBM treatment. Hence, new therapies based on genes are recommended for treatment of GBM. PTEN is a tumor-suppressor operator in cancer that inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in diminishing growth, metastasis and drug resistance. In the current review, the function of PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis in GBM progression is evaluated. Mutation or depletion of PTEN leads to increase in GBM progression. Low expression level of PTEN mediates poor prognosis in GBM and by increasing proliferation and invasion, promotes malignancy of tumor cells. Moreover, loss of PTEN signaling can result in therapy resistance in GBM. Activation of PTEN signaling impairs GBM metabolism via glycolysis inhibition. In contrast to PTEN, PI3K/Akt signaling has oncogenic function and during tumor progression, expression level of PI3K/Akt enhances. PI3K/Akt signaling shows positive association with oncogenic pathways and its expression similar to PTEN signaling, is regulated by non-coding RNAs. PTEN upregulation and PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition by anti-cancer agents can be beneficial in interfering GBM progression. This review emphasizes on the signaling networks related to PTEN/PI3K/Akt and provides new insights for targeting this axis in effective GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mostafavi Hosseini F, Ashourpour M, Taheri S, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Salami S, Shahsavari Z, Kazerouni F. Novel Derivatives of Tetrahydrobenzo (g) Imidazo[α-1,2] Quinoline Induce Apoptosis Via ROS Production in the Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells, U-87MG. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3885-3893. [PMID: 36444602 PMCID: PMC9930943 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite newer therapeutic approaches against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the severely poor prognosis and treatment resistance are still disadvantages that slow down the patient's recovery process. Consistent with the need to develop more effective and optimized therapies to control GBM cell growth, the effects of a new series of tetrahydrobenzo(g)imidazo[α-1,2]quinolone derivatives on GBM cell growth and the underlying mechanism is investigated in the current study. METHODS U-87MG cell line, glioblastoma multiforme and normal skin fibroblast cell line, AGO1522 were used to study the anticancer effects of 5 derivatives of tetrahydrobenzo(g)imidazo[α-1,2]quinolone and paclitaxel as a standard drug. The cytotoxic effect on cell growth was assessed using the MTT assay. Annexin V FITC staining and PI staining were applied to detect apoptosis and cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. The extent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed using the fluorescent probe 7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and caspase-3 activity using the colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS Among the 5 derivatives of tetrahydrobenzo(g)imidazo[α-1,2]quinolone, the 5c derivative (5-(6-bromo-2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-9a-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-4-Nitro-2,3,5,5a,7,8,9,9a-octahydroimidazo[α-1,2]quinoline-6(1H)) showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on U-87MG cells in a time and Dose-dependent manner compared to the other derivatives and paclitaxel. The IC50 (11.91 M) of the 5c derivative induced apoptosis accompanied by a significant increase in sub-G1 and super-G2 phases of U-87MG cells. The increased level of cellular ROS and caspase 3 activity after treatment of U-87MG cells with 5c derivative was significant compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION Our data provide insights into the potent anticancer effects of the 5c-derivative of tetrahydrobenzo(g)imidazo[α-1,2]quinolone on GBM cells via the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, which may merit further attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mostafavi Hosseini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ashourpour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, I.R., Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,For Correspondence: . Fatemeh Mostafavi Hosseini and Maryam Ashourpour have equal contribution in this study
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Hu F, Cui Y, Wu H, Hu S, Wei W. Bibliometric analysis of research on immunogenic cell death in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1029020. [PMID: 36278159 PMCID: PMC9582244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1029020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy is changing the way we treat cancer. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has received considerable attention in the treatments of various cancer types, due to the long-lasting antitumor responses elicited in human body. However, to date, no relevant bibliometric research has been reported. Methods: Publications related to ICD in cancer research were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer and an online platform, the analyses of co-author, co-citation, and co-occurrence of terms retrieved from literatures were carried out. Results: A total of 1,577 publications were included in this study. The global research literatures on ICD in cancer research have been increasing from 2005 to 2021. China, the United States and France dominated in this area and had close collaborations with many countries. Six of the top 10 most contributive institutions were from France. When it comes to author analysis, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Garg AD and Galluzzi L were in both the top 10 most productive authors and top 10 most co-cited authors lists. The co-occurring author keywords could be grouped into three clusters: “biomarkers of ICD”, “nanoparticles” and “combination therapy”. In terms of promising hotspots, keywords (author keywords and KeyWords Plus) with recent citation bursts could be summarized into two aspects: “tumor microenvironment” and “nanoparticles”. Conclusion: Increased attention has been paid to ICD in cancer treatment. However, there are still many unresolved domains in the field of ICD, such as clinical application and molecular mechanisms of this cell death process. ICD-inducing modalities combined with nanotechnology could potentiate the current immunotherapies, and will be hotspots for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fen Hu
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- Institute of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- *Correspondence: Shunan Hu, ; Wei Wei,
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- Institute of Oncology, XiangYang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, XiangYang, China
- *Correspondence: Shunan Hu, ; Wei Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucke-Wold B, Diaz MJ, Song J, Batchu S, Root K, Patel K, Taneja K. The differential usage of molecular machinery in brain cancer patients with iron-enriched glioma environments. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND SURGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:30-35. [PMID: 36349293 PMCID: PMC9639867 DOI: 10.17352/2455-2968.000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are neuroepithelial tumors in the brain or spinal cord that arise from glial or precursor cells and include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. They are the most common malignant primary central nervous system tumors, representing 75% of cases in adults and 24% of all cases of primary brain and CNS tumors [1,2].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Song
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Kevin Root
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, USA
| | - Karan Patel
- Rowan University, Cooper Medical School, USA
| | - Kamil Taneja
- Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodríguez-Camacho A, Flores-Vázquez JG, Moscardini-Martelli J, Torres-Ríos JA, Olmos-Guzmán A, Ortiz-Arce CS, Cid-Sánchez DR, Pérez SR, Macías-González MDS, Hernández-Sánchez LC, Heredia-Gutiérrez JC, Contreras-Palafox GA, Suárez-Campos JDJE, Celis-López MÁ, Gutiérrez-Aceves GA, Moreno-Jiménez S. Glioblastoma Treatment: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137207. [PMID: 35806212 PMCID: PMC9267036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary tumor of the central nervous system. Through many years, research has brought various advances in glioblastoma treatment. At this time, glioblastoma management is based on maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Recently, bevacizumab has been added to the treatment arsenal for the recurrent scenario. Nevertheless, patients with glioblastoma still have a poor prognosis. Therefore, many efforts are being made in different clinical research areas to find a new alternative to improve overall survival, free-progression survival, and life quality in glioblastoma patients. (2) Methods: Our objective is to recap the actual state-of-the-art in glioblastoma treatment, resume the actual research and future perspectives on immunotherapy, as well as the new synthetic molecules and natural compounds that represent potential future therapies at preclinical stages. (3) Conclusions: Despite the great efforts in therapeutic research, glioblastoma management has suffered minimal changes, and the prognosis remains poor. Combined therapeutic strategies and delivery methods, including immunotherapy, synthetic molecules, natural compounds, and glioblastoma stem cell inhibition, may potentiate the standard of care therapy and represent the next step in glioblastoma management research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodríguez-Camacho
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - José Guillermo Flores-Vázquez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Júlia Moscardini-Martelli
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Jorge Alejandro Torres-Ríos
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Alejandro Olmos-Guzmán
- Hospital de Especialidades No.1 Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, León 37680, Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (C.S.O.-A.)
| | - Cindy Sharon Ortiz-Arce
- Hospital de Especialidades No.1 Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, León 37680, Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (C.S.O.-A.)
| | - Dharely Raquel Cid-Sánchez
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.R.C.-S.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Samuel Rosales Pérez
- Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.R.C.-S.); (S.R.P.)
| | | | - Laura Crystell Hernández-Sánchez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Juan Carlos Heredia-Gutiérrez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Gabriel Alejandro Contreras-Palafox
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - José de Jesús Emilio Suárez-Campos
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Celis-López
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Guillermo Axayacalt Gutiérrez-Aceves
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Sergio Moreno-Jiménez
- Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.); (J.A.T.-R.); (L.C.H.-S.); (J.C.H.-G.); (G.A.C.-P.); (J.d.J.E.S.-C.); (M.Á.C.-L.); (G.A.G.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Cancer Center, Mexico City 01120, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li P, Richard HT, Zhu K, Li L, Huang S. The Roles and Regulation of m 6A Modification in Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:969. [PMID: 35625706 PMCID: PMC9138636 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widespread and abundant internal messenger RNA (mRNA) modification found in eukaryotes. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that m6A modification is aberrantly activated in human cancers and is critical for tumorigenesis and metastasis. m6A modification is also strongly involved in key signaling pathways and is associated with prognosis in glioblastoma. Here, we briefly outline the functions of m6A and its regulatory proteins, including m6A writers, erasers, and readers of the fate of RNA. We also summarize the latest breakthroughs in this field, describe the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the tumorigenesis and progression, and highlight the inhibitors targeting the factors in m6A modification in glioblastoma. Further studies focusing on the specific pathways of m6A modification could help identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets that might prevent and treat glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (P.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Hope T. Richard
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Kezhou Zhu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (P.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (P.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (P.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Translation of focused ultrasound for blood-brain barrier opening in glioma. J Control Release 2022; 345:443-463. [PMID: 35337938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Survival outcomes for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have remained poor for the past 15 years, reflecting a clear challenge in the development of more effective treatment strategies. The efficacy of systemic therapies for GBM is greatly limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents drug penetration and accumulation in regions of infiltrative tumour, as represented in a consistent portion of GBM lesions. Focused ultrasound (FUS) - a technique that uses low-frequency ultrasound waves to induce targeted temporary disruption of the BBB - promises to improve survival outcomes by enhancing drug delivery and accumulation to infiltrating tumour regions. In this review we discuss the current state of preclinical investigations using FUS to enhance delivery of systemic therapies to intracranial neoplasms. We highlight critical methodological inconsistencies that are hampering clinical translation of FUS and we provide guiding principles for future preclinical studies. Particularly, we focus our attention on the importance of the selection of clinically relevant animal models and to the standardization of methods for FUS delivery, which will be paramount to the successful clinical translation of this promising technology for treatment in GBM patients. We also discuss how preclinical FUS research can benefit the development of GBM immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wahyuhadi J, Immadoel Haq IB, Arifianto MR, Sulistyono B, Meizikri R, Rosada A, Sigit Prakoeswa CR, Susilo RI. Active Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221079474. [PMID: 36748348 PMCID: PMC8950026 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221079474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) makes 60-70% of gliomas and 15% of primary brain tumors. Despite the availability of standard multimodal therapy, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years survival rate of GBM are still low. Active immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment option for GBM that seems promising. METHODS An electronic database search on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov was performed to include all relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Reported parameters are OS, PFS, AEs, post treatment KPS, and 2 year mortality. RESULTS Active immunotherapy provided better OS (HR = .85; 95% CI = .71-1.01; P = .06) and PFS (HS = .83; 95% CI= .66 - 1.03; P = .11) side albeit not statistically significant. Active immunotherapy reduces the risk of 2 year mortality as much as 2.5% compared to control group (NNT and RRR was 56.7078 and 0,0258, respectively). CONCLUSION Active immunotherapy might be beneficial in terms of survival rate in patients with GBM although not statistically significant. It could be a treatment option for GBM in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joni Wahyuhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Joni Wahyuhadi, Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.6-8, Gubeng, Surabaya, East Java 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Irwan Barlian Immadoel Haq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza Arifianto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Sulistyono
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Meizikri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atika Rosada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rahadian Indarto Susilo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bi Y, Wu ZH, Cao F. Prognostic value and immune relevancy of a combined autophagy-, apoptosis- and necrosis-related gene signature in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35241019 PMCID: PMC8892733 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most malignant and devastating intracranial tumor without effective treatment. Autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis, three classically known cell death pathways, can provide novel clinical and immunological insights, which may assist in designing personalized therapeutics. In this study, we developed and validated an effective signature based on autophagy-, apoptosis- and necrosis-related genes for prognostic implications in GBM patients. Methods Variations in the expression of genes involved in autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis were explored in 518 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to construct a combined prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox regression analyses based on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were conducted to estimate the independent prognostic performance of the gene signature. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset was used for external validation. Finally, we investigated the differences in the immune microenvironment between different prognostic groups and predicted potential compounds targeting each group. Results A 16-gene cell death index (CDI) was established. Patients were clustered into either the high risk or the low risk groups according to the CDI score, and those in the low risk group presented significantly longer OS and PFS than the high CDI group. ROC curves demonstrated outstanding performance of the gene signature in both the training and validation groups. Furthermore, immune cell analysis identified higher infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, Treg, T helper cells, and aDCs, and lower infiltration of B cells in the high CDI group. Interestingly, this group also showed lower expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules PDCD1 and CD200, and higher expression levels of PDCD1LG2, CD86, CD48 and IDO1. Conclusion Our study proposes that the CDI signature can be utilized as a prognostic predictor and may guide patients’ selection for preferential use of immunotherapy in GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09328-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chowdhury S, Bappy MH, Clocchiatti-Tuozzo S, Cheeti S, Chowdhury S, Patel V. Current Advances in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme and Future Prospects. Cureus 2021; 13:e20604. [PMID: 35103180 PMCID: PMC8782638 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant type of brain tumor. It has a reputation for being resistant to current treatments, and the prognosis is still bleak. Immunotherapies have transformed the treatment of a variety of cancers, and they provide great hope for glioblastoma, although they have yet to be successful. The justification for immune targeting of glioblastoma and the obstacles that come with treating these immunosuppressive tumors are reviewed in this paper. Cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses (OVs), checkpoint blockade medications, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, and nanomedicine-based immunotherapies are among the novel immune-targeting therapies researched in glioblastoma. Key clinical trial outcomes and current trials for each method are presented from a clinical standpoint. Finally, constraints, whether biological or due to trial design, are discussed, along with solutions for overcoming them. In glioblastoma, proof of efficacy for immunotherapy approaches has yet to be demonstrated, but our rapidly growing understanding of the disease’s biology and immune microenvironment, as well as the emergence of novel promising combinatorial approaches, may allow researchers to finally meet the medical need for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Collapse
|
16
|
Kemmerer CL, Schittenhelm J, Dubois E, Neumann L, Häsler LM, Lambert M, Renovanz M, Kaeser SA, Tabatabai G, Ziemann U, Naumann U, Kowarik MC. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels are associated with macrophage infiltration into tumor tissues of glioma patients. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1108. [PMID: 34654395 PMCID: PMC8520299 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with poor treatment efficacy. Infiltration of immune cells into tumors during immunosurveillance is observed in multiple tumor entities and often associated with a favorable outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in gliomas and their association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine concentrations. Methods We applied immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue sections of 18 high-grade glioma (HGG) patients (4 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype WHO-III; 14 glioblastomas (GBM), IDH-wildtype WHO-IV) in order to assess and quantify leucocytes (CD45) and macrophages (CD68, CD163) within the tumor core, infiltration zone and perivascular spaces. In addition, we quantified the concentrations of 30 cytokines in the same patients’ CSF and in 14 non-inflammatory controls. Results We observed a significantly higher percentage of CD68+ macrophages (21–27%) in all examined tumor areas when compared to CD45+ leucocytes (ca. 3–7%); CD163+ cell infiltration was between 5 and 15%. Compared to the tumor core, significantly more macrophages and leucocytes were detectable within the perivascular area. The brain parenchyma showing a lower tumor cell density seems to be less infiltrated by macrophages. Interleukin (IL)-7 was significantly downregulated in CSF of GBM patients compared to controls. Additionally, CD68+ macrophage infiltrates showed significant correlations with the expression of eotaxin, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the infiltration of lymphocytes is generally low in HGG, and does not correlate with cytokine concentrations in the CSF. In contrast, macrophage infiltrates in HGG are associated with CSF cytokine changes that possibly shape the tumor microenvironment. Although results point towards an escape from immunosurveillance or even exploitation of immune cells by HGG, further studies are necessary to decipher the exact role of the immune system in these tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08825-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze L Kemmerer
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Dubois
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Neumann
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 23, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Lambert
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 23, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Renovanz
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Kaeser
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Straße 23, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tuebingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus C Kowarik
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu X, Li C, Xu W, Wu Y, Wang J, Chen S, Zhang H, Huang H, Huang H, Liu W. Malignant Tumor Purity Reveals the Driven and Prognostic Role of CD3E in Low-Grade Glioma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676124. [PMID: 34557404 PMCID: PMC8454269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the initiation and progression of many neoplasms. However, the impact of low-grade glioma (LGG) purity on carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. We selected 509 LGG patients with available genomic and clinical information from the TCGA database. The percentage of tumor infiltrating immune cells and the tumor purity of LGG were evaluated using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Stromal-related genes were screened through Cox regression, and protein-protein interaction analyses and survival-related genes were selected in 487 LGG patients from GEO database. Hub genes involved in LGG purity were then identified and functionally annotated using bioinformatics analyses. Prognostic implications were validated in 100 patients from an Asian real-world cohort. Elevated tumor purity burden, immune scores, and stromal scores were significantly associated with poor outcomes and increased grade in LGG patients from the TCGA cohort. In addition, CD3E was selected with the most significant prognostic value (Hazard Ratio=1.552, P<0.001). Differentially expressed genes screened according to CD3E expression were mainly involved in stromal related activities. Additionally, significantly increased CD3E expression was found in 100 LGG samples from the validation cohort compared with adjacent normal brain tissues. High CD3E expression could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for survival of LGG patients and promotes malignant cellular biological behaviors of LGG. In conclusion, tumor purity has a considerable impact on the clinical, genomic, and biological status of LGG. CD3E, the gene for novel membrane immune biomarker deeply affecting tumor purity, may help to evaluate the prognosis and develop individual immunotherapy strategies for LGG patients. Evaluating the ratio of differential tumor purity and CD3E expression levels may provide novel insights into the complex structure of the LGG microenvironment and targeted drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Lu
- Department of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Naval Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) of China, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huadong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Haineng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fiani B, Covarrubias C, Onyedimma C, Jarrah R. Neurocytological Advances in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cureus 2021; 13:e16301. [PMID: 34405064 PMCID: PMC8352800 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive neoplasm of the brain that has commonly led to disappointing patient outcomes. Despite medical advancements and increasing research efforts, GBM studies reveal a stagnant survival rate at the global level with only sluggish improvement over time. Modern neuro-oncology research places a heavy emphasis on pharmacological therapies. Through a broad database search, we accumulated and synthesized the GBM-related neuroimmunocytological literature to create a comprehensive and contemporary review. Based on our findings, we discuss the recent neurocytological treatment strategies for GMB and the results of the studies. Regorafenib, paxalisib, and dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) are showing initial promise to decrease disease progression. VAL-083 is an alkylating agent that creates N7 methylation on DNA and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Selinexor, recombinant nonpathogenic polio-rhinovirus, and GBM-vaccine of autologous fibroblasts retrovirally transfected with TFG-IL4-Neo-TK vector have all also shown initial clinical benefit in terms of prolonging survival. Most trials observe modest improvement in outcomes with a positive safety profile. Nevertheless, the need for further studies is warranted, along with the trending of post-therapeutic biomarkers in order to better access future patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
| | - Claudia Covarrubias
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, MEX
| | | | - Ryan Jarrah
- Neurological Surgery, University of Michigan - Flint, Flint, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fidanza M, Gupta P, Sayana A, Shanker V, Pahlke SM, Vu B, Krantz F, Azameera A, Wong N, Anne N, Xia Y, Rong J, Anne A, Skirboll S, Lim M, Wong AJ. Enhancing proteasomal processing improves survival for a peptide vaccine used to treat glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/598/eaax4100. [PMID: 34135109 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite its essential role in antigen presentation, enhancing proteasomal processing is an unexploited strategy for improving vaccines. pepVIII, an anticancer vaccine targeting EGFRvIII, has been tested in several trials for glioblastoma. We examined 20 peptides in silico and experimentally, which showed that a tyrosine substitution (Y6-pepVIII) maximizes proteasome cleavage and survival in a subcutaneous tumor model in mice. In an intracranial glioma model, Y6-pepVIII showed a 62 and 31% improvement in median survival compared to control animals and pepVIII-vaccinated mice. Y6-pepVIII vaccination altered tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets and expression of PD-1 on intratumoral T cells. Combination with anti-PD-1 therapy cured 45% of the Y6-pepVIII-vaccinated mice but was ineffective for pepVIII-treated mice. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteasome-digested pepVIII and Y6-pepVIII revealed that most fragments were similar but more abundant in Y6-pepVIII digests and 77% resulted from proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS). We identified 10 peptides that bound human and murine MHC class I. Nine were PCPS products and only one peptide was colinear with EGFRvIII, indicating that PCPS fragments may be a component of MHC class I recognition. Despite not being colinear with EGFRvIII, two of three PCPS products tested were capable of increasing survival when administered independently as vaccines. We hypothesize that the immune response to a vaccine represents the collective contribution from multiple PCPS and linear products. Our work suggests a strategy to increase proteasomal processing of a vaccine that results in an augmented immune response and enhanced survival in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fidanza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Puja Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anin Sayana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Varun Shanker
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Svenja-Maria Pahlke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brandon Vu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fanny Krantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aruna Azameera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicollette Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Navya Anne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiming Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Avani Anne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Skirboll
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Albert J Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lobinger D, Gempt J, Sievert W, Barz M, Schmitt S, Nguyen HT, Stangl S, Werner C, Wang F, Wu Z, Fan H, Zanth H, Shevtsov M, Pilz M, Riederer I, Schwab M, Schlegel J, Multhoff G. Potential Role of Hsp70 and Activated NK Cells for Prediction of Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:669366. [PMID: 34079819 PMCID: PMC8165168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.669366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid progress in the treatment of many cancers, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify chaperone- and immune-related biomarkers to improve prediction of outcome in glioblastoma. Depending on its intra- or extracellular localization the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) fulfills different tasks. In the cytosol Hsp70 interferes with pro-apoptotic signaling pathways and thereby protects tumor cells from programmed cell death. Extracellular Hsp70 together with pro-inflammatory cytokines are reported to stimulate the expression of activatory NK cell receptors, recognizing highly aggressive human tumor cells that present Hsp70 on their cell surface. Therefore, intra-, extracellular and membrane-bound Hsp70 levels were assessed in gliomas together with activatory NK cell receptors. All gliomas were found to be membrane Hsp70-positive and high grade gliomas more frequently show an overexpression of Hsp70 in the nucleus and cytosol. Significantly elevated extracellular Hsp70 levels are detected in glioblastomas with large necrotic areas. Overall survival (OS) is more favorable in patients with low Hsp70 serum levels indicating that a high Hsp70 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The data provide a first hint that elevated frequencies of activated NK cells at diagnosis might be associated with a better clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lobinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Barz
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Schmitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Huyen Thie Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Stangl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hengyi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Zanth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mathias Pilz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Riederer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Schwab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Decipher the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: The First Milestone for New Groundbreaking Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030445. [PMID: 33804731 PMCID: PMC8003887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Despite the combination of novel therapeutical approaches, it remains a deadly malignancy with an abysmal prognosis. GBM is a polymorphic tumour from both molecular and histological points of view. It consists of different malignant cells and various stromal cells, contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. GBM’s microenvironment is multifaceted and is made up of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts) together with resident (e.g., microglia) or recruited (e.g., bone marrow-derived macrophages) immune cells. These latter constitute the so-called immune microenvironment, accounting for a substantial GBM’s tumour volume. Despite the abundance of immune cells, an intense state of tumour immunosuppression is promoted and developed; this represents the significant challenge for cancer cells’ immune-mediated destruction. Though literature data suggest that distinct GBM’s subtypes harbour differences in their microenvironment, its role in treatment response remains obscure. However, an in-depth investigation of GBM’s microenvironment may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities to improve patients’ outcomes. This review will elucidate the GBM’s microenvironment composition, highlighting the current state of the art in immunotherapy approaches. We will focus on novel strategies of active and passive immunotherapies, including vaccination, gene therapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
Collapse
|
22
|
González‐Tablas Pimenta M, Otero Á, Arandia Guzman DA, Pascual‐Argente D, Ruíz Martín L, Sousa‐Casasnovas P, García‐Martin A, Roa Montes de Oca JC, Villaseñor‐Ledezma J, Torres Carretero L, Almeida M, Ortiz J, Nieto A, Orfao A, Tabernero MD. Tumor cell and immune cell profiles in primary human glioblastoma: Impact on patient outcome. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:365-380. [PMID: 33314398 PMCID: PMC8018082 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and role of tumor-infiltrating leucocytes in glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cellular composition of 55 primary (adult) GBM samples by flow cytometry and correlated the tumor immune profile with patient features at diagnosis and outcome. GBM single-cell suspensions were stained at diagnosis (n = 44) and recurrence following radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 11) with a panel of 8-color monoclonal antibody combinations for the identification and enumeration of (GFAP+ CD45- ) tumor and normal astrocytic cells, infiltrating myeloid cells -i.e. microglial and blood-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), M1-like, and M2-like TAM, neutrophils. and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)- and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) -i.e. CD3+ T-cells and their TCD4+ , TCD8+ , TCD4- CD8- , and (CD25+ CD127lo ) regulatory (T-regs) subsets, (CD19+ CD20+ ) B-cells, and (CD16+ ) NK-cells-. Overall, GBM samples consisted of a major population (mean ± 1SD) of tumor and normal astrocytic cells (73% ± 16%) together with a significant but variable fraction of immune cells (24% ± 18%). Within myeloid cells, TAM predominated (13% ± 12%) including both microglial cells (10% ± 11%) and blood-derived macrophages (3% ± 5%), in addition to a smaller proportion of neutrophils (5% ± 9%) and MDSC (4% ± 8%). Lymphocytes were less represented and mostly included TCD4+ (0.5% ± 0.7%) and TCD8+ cells (0.6% ± 0.7%), together with lower numbers of TCD4- CD8- T-cells (0.2% ± 0.4%), T-regs (0.1% ± 0.2%), B-lymphocytes (0.1% ± 0.2%) and NK-cells (0.05% ± 0.05%). Overall, three distinct immune profiles were identified: cases with a minor fraction of leucocytes, tumors with a predominance of TAM and neutrophils, and cases with mixed infiltration by TAM, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes. Untreated GBM patients with mixed myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates showed a significantly shorter patient overall survival versus the other two groups, in the absence of gains of the EGFR gene (p = 0.02). Here we show that immune cell infiltrates are systematically present in GBM, with highly variable levels and immune profiles. Patients with mixed myeloid and T-lymphoid infiltrates showed a worse outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María González‐Tablas Pimenta
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC‐IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL)Department of MedicineUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Álvaro Otero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Daniel Angel Arandia Guzman
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Daniel Pascual‐Argente
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Laura Ruíz Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Pablo Sousa‐Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Andoni García‐Martin
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Roa Montes de Oca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Javier Villaseñor‐Ledezma
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Luis Torres Carretero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Neurosurgery ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Maria Almeida
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Javie Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Pathology ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Adelaida Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Radiotherapy ServiceUniversity Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC‐IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL)Department of MedicineUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer–CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400)Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - María Dolores Tabernero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaIBSAL—University Hospital of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Centre for Cancer Research (CIC‐IBMCC; CSIC/USAL; IBSAL)Department of MedicineUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer–CIBERONC (CB16/12/00400)Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chelliah SS, Paul EAL, Kamarudin MNA, Parhar I. Challenges and Perspectives of Standard Therapy and Drug Development in High-Grade Gliomas. Molecules 2021; 26:1169. [PMID: 33671796 PMCID: PMC7927069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their low incidence rate globally, high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain a fatal primary brain tumor. The recommended therapy often is incapable of resecting the tumor entirely and exclusively targeting the tumor leads to tumor recurrence and dismal prognosis. Additionally, many HGG patients are not well suited for standard therapy and instead, subjected to a palliative approach. HGG tumors are highly infiltrative and the complex tumor microenvironment as well as high tumor heterogeneity often poses the main challenges towards the standard treatment. Therefore, a one-fit-approach may not be suitable for HGG management. Thus, a multimodal approach of standard therapy with immunotherapy, nanomedicine, repurposing of older drugs, use of phytochemicals, and precision medicine may be more advantageous than a single treatment model. This multimodal approach considers the environmental and genetic factors which could affect the patient's response to therapy, thus improving their outcome. This review discusses the current views and advances in potential HGG therapeutic approaches and, aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap that will assist in overcoming challenges in HGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sundramurthi Chelliah
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ervin Ashley Lourdes Paul
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
Collapse
|
25
|
Reardon DA, Kim TM, Frenel JS, Simonelli M, Lopez J, Subramaniam DS, Siu LL, Wang H, Krishnan S, Stein K, Massard C. Treatment with pembrolizumab in programmed death ligand 1-positive recurrent glioblastoma: Results from the multicohort phase 1 KEYNOTE-028 trial. Cancer 2021; 127:1620-1629. [PMID: 33496357 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for recurrent glioblastoma offer limited benefit. The authors report the antitumor activity and safety of the anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy, pembrolizumab, in programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive, recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS Adult patients with PD-L1-positive tumors were enrolled in the recurrent glioblastoma cohort of the multicohort, phase 1b KEYNOTE-028 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02054806) and received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed overall response rate according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Archival tumor samples were assessed for PD-L1 expression levels (prospectively) and T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile score (retrospectively). RESULTS After a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 2-55 months) among the 26 enrolled patients, the overall response rate was 8% (95% CI, 1%-26%). Two partial responses, lasting 8.3 and 22.8 months, occurred. Progression-free survival (median, 2.8 months; 95% CI, 1.9-8.1 months) rate at 6 months was 37.7%, and the overall survival (median, 13.1 months; 95% CI, 8.0-26.6 months) rate at 12 months was 58%. Correlation of therapeutic benefit to level of PD-L1 expression, gene expression profile score, or baseline steroid use could not be established. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 19 patients (73%), and 5 patients experienced grade 3 or 4 events (there were no grade 5 events). Immune-mediated adverse events and infusion reactions occurred in 7 patients (27%). CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab monotherapy demonstrated durable antitumor activity in a subset of patients with manageable toxicity in this small, signal-finding, recurrent glioblastoma cohort. Future studies evaluating rationally designed pembrolizumab combination regimens may improve outcomes in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Matteo Simonelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Juanita Lopez
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Deepa S Subramaniam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
DHX37 Impacts Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma through Immune Infiltration. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8835393. [PMID: 33490290 PMCID: PMC7790560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA helicases have various essential functions in basically all aspects of RNA metabolism, not only unwinding RNA but also disturbing the interaction of RNA with proteins. Recently, RNA helicases have been considered potential targets in cancers. So far, there has been no detailed investigation of the biological functions of RNA helicase DHX37 in cancers. Objective We aim to identify the prognostic value of DHX37 associated with tumor microenvironments in cancers. Methods DHX37 expression was examined via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). We explored the prognostic role of DHX37 in cancers across various databases. Coexpression genes, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and fundamental regulators were performed via LinkedOmics. Confirming the prognostic value of DHX37 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we explored the role of DHX37 in infiltrated lymphocytes in cancers using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and TIMER databases. Results Through GO and KEGG analyses, expression of DHX37 was also correlated with complex function-specific networks involving the ribosome and RNA metabolic signaling pathways. In LIHC and LUAD, DHX37 expression showed significant positive correlations with markers of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T cell exhaustion, contributing to immune tolerance. Conclusion These results indicate that DHX37 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in LIHC and LUAD while having an important role in immune tolerance by activating the function of Tregs, MDSC, and T cell exhaustion.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lombardo SD, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Basile MS, Pennisi M, Bella R, Mangano K, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F, Fagone P. Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:332. [PMID: 33123243 PMCID: PMC7583708 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most frequent glial tumor, with almost 3 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Despite treatment, the prognosis for GBM patients remains extremely poor, with a median survival of 14.6 months, and a 5-year survival less than 5%. It is generally believed that GBM creates a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, sustained by the expression of immune-regulatory factors, including inhibitory immune checkpoints, on both infiltrating cells and tumor cells. However, the trials assessing the efficacy of current immune checkpoint inhibitors in GBM are still disappointing. In the present study, the expression levels of several inhibitory immune checkpoints in GBM (CD276, VTCN1, CD47, PVR, TNFRSF14, CD200, LGALS9, NECTIN2 and CD48) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential as prognostic and eventually, therapeutic targets. Among the investigated immune checkpoints, TNFRSF14 and NECTIN2 were identified as the most promising targets in GBM. In particular, a higher TNFRSF14 expression was associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival, and with a lower Th1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvo Danilo Lombardo
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rosella Ciurleo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, I-98124 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Islam SU, Shehzad A, Ahmed MB, Lee YS. Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081929. [PMID: 32326318 PMCID: PMC7221820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs’ entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6353; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. In spite of the rigorous multimodal treatment involving surgery and radiochemotherapy, GBM has a dismal prognosis and rapid relapsing potential. Hence, search for novel therapeutic agents still continues. Neoantigens are the tumor-specific antigens which arise due to somatic mutations in the tumor genome. In recent years, personalized vaccine approach targeting neoantigens has been explored widely in cancer immunotherapy and several efforts have also been made to revolutionize the immunotherapy of cold tumors such as GBM using neoantigen targeted vaccines. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the clinical application of personalized neoantigen targeted vaccine strategy in GBM immunotherapy. While discussing this strategy, we brief about the current challenges faced in GBM treatment by the novel immunotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION To date, very few vaccines developed for GBM have reached till phase III clinical development. Early-phase clinical trials of GBM neoantigen vaccines have shown promising clinical outcomes and therefore, its rapid clinical development is warranted. Advent of newer and faster techniques such as next-generation sequencing will drive the faster clinical development of multiplex neoantigen vaccines and hence, increase in the clinical trials is expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Y Londhe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &, Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University , Mumbai, India
| | - Varada Date
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &, Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University , Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dong Z, Cui H. The Emerging Roles of RNA Modifications in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E736. [PMID: 32244981 PMCID: PMC7140112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV glioma that is the most malignant brain tumor type. Currently, there are no effective and sufficient therapeutic strategies for its treatment because its pathological mechanism is not fully characterized. With the fast development of the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, more than 170 kinds of covalent ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications are found to be extensively present in almost all living organisms and all kinds of RNAs, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). RNA modifications are also emerging as important modulators in the regulation of biological processes and pathological progression, and study of the epi-transcriptome has been a new area for researchers to explore their connections with the initiation and progression of cancers. Recently, RNA modifications, especially m6A, and their RNA-modifying proteins (RMPs) such as methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), have also emerged as important epigenetic mechanisms for the aggressiveness and malignancy of GBM, especially the pluripotency of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Although the current study is just the tip of an iceberg, these new evidences will provide new insights for possible GBM treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent studies about RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2'O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), inosine (I) and pseudouridine (ψ) as well as the corresponding RMPs including the writers, erasers and readers that participate in the tumorigenesis and development of GBM, so as to provide some clues for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mishinov SV, Budnik AY, Stupak VV, Leplina OY, Tyrinova TV, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER. Autologous and Pooled Tumor Lysates in Combined Immunotherapy of Patients with Glioblastoma. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2020; 12:34-41. [PMID: 34513051 PMCID: PMC8353674 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although major progress has been made in the standard treatment for glioblastomas, encompassing the maximal surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, it is possible to increase survival rates significantly only in a few patients. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new therapeutic modalities, one of which is immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of autologous and pooled tumor lysates in comprehensive treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Mishinov
- Senior Researcher, Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 17 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - A Ya Budnik
- Resident, Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 17 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - V V Stupak
- Professor, Head of Neurosurgery Research Department, Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 17 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - O Yu Leplina
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - T V Tyrinova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - A A Ostanin
- Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - E R Chernykh
- Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 14 Yadrintsevskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Tian ZR, Sahib S, Bryukhovetskiy I, Bryukhovetskiy A, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier in brain tumor. Novel therapeutic advances using nanomedicine. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 151:1-66. [PMID: 32448602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Martinez-Lage M, Lynch TM, Bi Y, Cocito C, Way GP, Pal S, Haller J, Yan RE, Ziober A, Nguyen A, Kandpal M, O’Rourke DM, Greenfield JP, Greene CS, Davuluri RV, Dahmane N. Immune landscapes associated with different glioblastoma molecular subtypes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:203. [PMID: 31815646 PMCID: PMC6902522 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted the tumor microenvironment as a central player in cancer. In particular, interactions between tumor and immune cells may help drive the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite significant research into the molecular classification of glioblastoma, few studies have characterized in a comprehensive manner the immune infiltrate in situ and within different GBM subtypes. In this study, we use an unbiased, automated immunohistochemistry-based approach to determine the immune phenotype of the four GBM subtypes (classical, mesenchymal, neural and proneural) in a cohort of 98 patients. Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA) were stained for CD20 (B lymphocytes), CD5, CD3, CD4, CD8 (T lymphocytes), CD68 (microglia), and CD163 (bone marrow derived macrophages) antibodies. Using automated image analysis, the percentage of each immune population was calculated with respect to the total tumor cells. Mesenchymal GBMs displayed the highest percentage of microglia, macrophage, and lymphocyte infiltration. CD68+ and CD163+ cells were the most abundant cell populations in all four GBM subtypes, and a higher percentage of CD163+ cells was associated with a worse prognosis. We also compared our results to the relative composition of immune cell type infiltration (using RNA-seq data) across TCGA GBM tumors and validated our results obtained with immunohistochemistry with an external cohort and a different method. The results of this study offer a comprehensive analysis of the distribution and the infiltration of the immune components across the four commonly described GBM subgroups, setting the basis for a more detailed patient classification and new insights that may be used to better apply or design immunotherapies for GBM.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang H, Wang R, Yu Y, Liu J, Luo T, Fan F. Glioblastoma Treatment Modalities besides Surgery. J Cancer 2019; 10:4793-4806. [PMID: 31598150 PMCID: PMC6775524 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is commonly known as the most aggressive primary CNS tumor in adults. The mean survival of it is 14 to 15 months, following the standard therapy from surgery, chemotherapy, to radiotherapy. Efforts in recent decades have brought many novel therapies to light, however, with limitations. In this paper, authors reviewed current treatments for GBM besides surgery. In the past decades, only radiotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor treating field (TTF) were approved by FDA. Though promising in preclinical experiments, therapeutic effects of other novel treatments including BNCT, anti-angiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, epigenetic therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, and gene therapy are still either uncertain or discouraging in clinical results. In this review, we went through current clinical trials, underlying causes, and future therapy designs to present neurosurgeons and researchers a sketch of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinfang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tianmeng Luo
- Department of Medical Affairs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chang Sha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Majd N, de Groot J. Challenges and strategies for successful clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1609-1624. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1621840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Takashima Y, Kawaguchi A, Hayano A, Yamanaka R. CD276 and the gene signature composed of GATA3 and LGALS3 enable prognosis prediction of glioblastoma multiforme. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216825. [PMID: 31075138 PMCID: PMC6510475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor, accounting for 40% of malignant brain tumors. Although a single gene may not be a marker, an expression profiling and multivariate analyses for cancer immunotherapy must estimate survival of patients. In this study, we conducted expression profiling of immunotherapy-related genes, including those in Th1/2 helper T and regulatory T cells, and stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoint molecules associated with survival prediction in 571 patients with malignant and aggressive form of gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Expression profiling and Random forests analysis of 21 immunosuppressive genes and Kaplan-Meier analysis in 158 patients in the training data set suggested that CD276, also known as B7-H3, could be a single gene marker candidate. Furthermore, prognosis prediction formulas, composed of Th2 cell-related GATA transcription factor 3 (GATA3) and immunosuppressive galactose-specific lectin 3 (LGALS3), based on 67 immunotherapy-related genes showed poor survival with high scores in training data set, which was also validated in another 413 patients in the test data set. The CD276 expression helped distinguish survival curves in the test data set. In addition, inhibitory checkpoint genes, including T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 14, showed potential as secondary marker candidates. These results suggest that CD276 expression and the gene signature composed of GATA3 and LGALS3 are effective for prognosis in GBM and will help us understanding target pathways for immunotherapy in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arevalo OD, Soto C, Rabiei P, Kamali A, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y, Zhu JJ, Riascos RF. Assessment of Glioblastoma Response in the Era of Bevacizumab: Longstanding and Emergent Challenges in the Imaging Evaluation of Pseudoresponse. Front Neurol 2019; 10:460. [PMID: 31133966 PMCID: PMC6514158 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the deadliest primary malignant brain neoplasm, and despite the availability of many treatment options, its prognosis remains somber. Enhancement detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was considered the best imaging marker of tumor activity in glioblastoma for decades. However, its role as a surrogate marker of tumor viability has changed with the appearance of new treatment regimens and imaging modalities. The antiangiogenic therapy created an inflection point in the imaging assessment of glioblastoma response in clinical trials and clinical practice. Although BEV led to the improvement of enhancement, it did not necessarily mean tumor response. The decrease in the enhancement intensity represents a change in the permeability properties of the blood brain barrier, and presumably, the switch of the tumor growth pattern to an infiltrative non-enhancing phenotype. New imaging techniques for the assessment of cellularity, blood flow hemodynamics, and biochemistry have emerged to overcome this hurdle; nevertheless, designing tools to assess tumor response more accurately, and in so doing, improve the assessment of response to standard of care (SOC) therapies and to novel therapies, remains challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio D Arevalo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carolina Soto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pejman Rabiei
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arash Kamali
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roy Francisco Riascos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pathological and Molecular Features of Glioblastoma and Its Peritumoral Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040469. [PMID: 30987226 PMCID: PMC6521241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal human brain tumors. At present, GBMs are divided in primary and secondary on the basis of the mutational status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes. In addition, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are considered crucial to better define the prognosis. Although primary and secondary GBMs are histologically indistinguishable, they retain distinct genetic alterations that account for different evolution of the tumor. The high invasiveness, the propensity to disperse throughout the brain parenchyma, and the elevated vascularity make these tumors extremely recidivist, resulting in a short patient median survival even after surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, GBM is considered an immunologically cold tumor. Several studies highlight a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes recurrence and poor prognosis. Deeper insight into the tumor immune microenvironment, together with the recent discovery of a conventional lymphatic system in the central nervous system (CNS), led to new immunotherapeutic strategies. In the last two decades, experimental evidence from different groups proved the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, that may play an active role in tumor development and progression. Recent findings also indicated the presence of highly infiltrative CSCs in the peritumoral region of GBM. This region appears to play a key role in tumor growing and recurrence. However, until recently, few studies investigated the biomolecular characteristics of the peritumoral tissue. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the pathological features of GBM and of the peritumoral region associated with progression and recurrence.
Collapse
|
39
|
Alphandéry E. Biodistribution and targeting properties of iron oxide nanoparticles for treatments of cancer and iron anemia disease. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:573-596. [PMID: 30938215 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1572809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IONP (iron oxide nanoparticles) commercialized for treatments of iron anemia or cancer diseases can be administered at doses exceeding 1 g per patient, indicating their bio-compatibility when they are prepared in the right conditions. Various parameters influence IONP biodistribution such as nanoparticle size, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, surface charge, core composition, coating properties, route of administration, quantity administered, and opsonization. IONP biodistribution trends include their capture by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), accumulation in liver and spleen, leading to nanoparticle degradation by macrophages and liver Kupffer cells, possibly followed by excretion in feces. To result in efficient tumor treatment, IONP need to reach the tumor in a sufficiently large quantity, using: (i) passive targeting, i.e. the extravasation of IONP through the blood vessel irrigating the tumor, (ii) molecular targeting achieved by a ligand bound to IONP specifically recognizing a cell receptor, and (iii) magnetic targeting in which a magnetic field gradient guides IONP towards the tumor. As a whole, targeting efficacy is relatively similar for different targeting, yielding a percentage of injected IONP in the tumor of 5.10-4% to 3%, 0.1% to 7%, and 5.10-3% to 2.6% for passive, molecular, and magnetic targeting, respectively. For the treatment of iron anemia disease, IONP are captured by the RES, and dissolved into free iron, which is then made available for the organism. For the treatment of cancer, IONP either deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumors, produce localized heat under the application of an alternating magnetic field or a laser, or activate in a controlled manner a sono-sensitizer following ultrasound treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- a Paris Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC , Paris , France.,b Nanobacterie SARL , Paris , France.,c Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Institute of Anatomy , Zurich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Feng E, Liang T, Wang X, Du J, Tang K, Wang X, Wang F, You G. Correlation of alteration of HLA-F expression and clinical characterization in 593 brain glioma samples. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:33. [PMID: 30755240 PMCID: PMC6373026 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human gliomas are highly fatal tumors with a significant feature of immune suppression. The association of the immune system in gliomas is gradually revealed, and immunotherapy is expected to improve the survival of glioma patients. In-depth understanding of the immune microenvironment of gliomas and their associated immunotherapy was increased exponentially in recent years. Gliomas provide clinical targets for immunotherapy during the search of key regulators of immune response. Our study focused on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system that is responsible for regulating the immune system, and discovered the relationship between HLA-F expression and clinical prognosis in gliomas. Methods A total of 593 patients with gliomas were included in our research. Of these, 325 patients were from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and 268 were from the GSE 16011 set. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was performed to explore the prognostic value of HLA-F. t test analysis was used to find the distribution difference in various groups. R language packages are used for other statistical computations and figure drawing. Results HLA-F was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) in all grades of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM). Moreover, HLA-F was enriched in GBM and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 wild-type (IDH1 wt) group and considered HLA-F as a mesenchymal subtype marker. Pearson correlation test showed that HLA-F was correlated with other HLA-I molecules. Conclusion HLA-F expression was positively correlated with malignant phenotype and negatively correlated with OS, indicating that HLA-F could predict the immune state of gliomas and might be a clinical target of glioma immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enshan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Tingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Gan You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun S, Du G, Xue J, Ma J, Ge M, Wang H, Tian J. PCC0208009 enhances the anti-tumor effects of temozolomide through direct inhibition and transcriptional regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in glioma models. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418787991. [PMID: 29993291 PMCID: PMC6047256 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418787991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is highly expressed in human
glioblastoma and involved in tumor immune escape and resistance to chemotherapy,
is clinically correlated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes, and
is a promising therapeutic target for glioblastoma. IDO inhibitors are
marginally efficacious as single-agents; therefore, combination with other
therapies holds promise for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to
investigate the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms of the IDO inhibitor
PCC0208009 in combination with temozolomide. The effects of PCC0208009 on IDO
activity inhibition, and mRNA and protein expression in HeLa cells were
observed. In the mouse glioma GL261 heterotopic model, the effects of PCC0208009
on l-kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp), tumor growth, flow cytometry for
T cells within tumors, and immunohistochemistry for IDO and Ki67 were examined.
In the rat glioma C6 orthotopic model, animal survival, flow cytometry for T
cells within tumors, and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear
antigen (PCNA) and IDO were examined. The results show that PCC0208009 is a
highly effective IDO inhibitor, not only directly inhibiting IDO activity but
also participating in the gene regulation of IDO expression at the transcription
and translation levels. PCC0208009 significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects
of temozolomide in GL261 and C6 models, by increasing the percentages of
CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells within tumors
and suppressing tumor proliferation. These findings indicate that PCC0208009 can
potentiate the anti-tumor efficacy of temozolomide and suggest that combination
of IDO inhibitor-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy is a potential strategy
for brain tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Guangying Du
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Comparison of glioblastoma (GBM) molecular classification methods. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:201-211. [PMID: 30031763 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
43
|
Kang YJ, Cutler EG, Cho H. Therapeutic nanoplatforms and delivery strategies for neurological disorders. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 30499047 PMCID: PMC6265354 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The major neurological disorders found in a central nervous system (CNS), such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases, and Huntington's disease, have led to devastating outcomes on the human public health. Of these disorders, early diagnostics remains poor, and no treatment has been successfully discovered; therefore, they become the most life-threatening medical burdens worldwide compared to other major diseases. The major obstacles for the drug discovery are the presence of a restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB), limiting drug entry into brains and undesired neuroimmune activities caused by untargeted drugs, leading to irreversible neuronal damages. Recent advances in nanotechnology have contributed to the development of novel nanoplatforms and effective delivering strategies to improve the CNS disorder treatment while less disturbing brain systems. The nanoscale drug carriers, including liposomes, dendrimers, viral capsids, polymeric nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles, and magnetic/metallic nanoparticles, enable the effective drug delivery penetrating across the BBB, the aforementioned challenges in the CNS. Moreover, drugs encapsulated by the nanocarriers can reach further deeper into targeting regions while preventing the degradation. In this review, we classify novel disease hallmarks incorporated with emerging nanoplatforms, describe promising approaches for improving drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and discuss their implications for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Eric Gerard Cutler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The Nanoscale Science Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dong B, Wang L, Nie S, Li X, Xiao Y, Yang L, Meng X, Zhao P, Cui C, Tu L, Lu W, Sun W, Yu Y. Anti-glioma effect of intracranial vaccination with tumor cell lysate plus flagellin in mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:8148-8157. [PMID: 30449633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant effects of flagellin on regulation of immune response have been proved; whether flagellin could assist tumor cell lysate (TCL) to enhance anti-glioma immunity remains to be investigated. This study tests a hypothesis that therapeuticly intracranial administration with flagellin plus TCL enhances the effects of specific immunotherapy on glioma in mice. In this study, GL261 cells were transferred into C57BL/6 mice and the GL261-bearing mice were subcutaneously or intracranially inoculated with flagellin plus TCL, flagellin, TCL or saline. Our results showed that prophylacticly subcutaneous administration with TCL and flagellin could induce potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and prolong the survival of GL261-bearing mice significantly, but therapeuticly subcutaneous administration failed to. However, therapeuticly intracranial administration of TCL plus flagellin could prolong the survival. Moreover, intracranial administration of flagellin could recruit CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells to brain tissues, induce proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induce to splenomegaly. The results suggested that flagellin could be acted as an efficient adjuvant for TCL based vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boqi Dong
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuping Meng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cuiyun Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqun Tu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yelton CJ, Ray SK. Histone deacetylase enzymes and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors for antitumor effects and enhancement of antitumor immunity in glioblastoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5. [PMID: 30701185 PMCID: PMC6348296 DOI: 10.20517/2347-8659.2018.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is the most common primary central nervous system malignancy in adults, has long presented a formidable challenge to researchers and clinicians alike. Dismal 5-year survival rates of the patients with these tumors and the ability of the recurrent tumors to evade primary treatment strategies have prompted a need for alternative therapies in the treatment of GBM. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently a potential epigenetic therapy modality under investigation for use in GBM with mixed results. While these agents show promise through a variety of proposed mechanisms in the pre-clinical realm, only several of these agents have shown this same promise when translated into the clinical arena, either as monotherapy or for use in combination regimens. This review will examine the current state of use of HDAC inhibitors in GBM, the mechanistic rationale for use of HDAC inhibitors in GBM, and then examine an exciting new mechanistic revelation of certain HDAC inhibitors that promote antitumor immunity in GBM. The details of this antitumor immunity will be discussed with an emphasis on application of this antitumor immunity towards developing alternative therapies for treatment of GBM. The final section of this article will provide an overview of the current state of immunotherapy targeted specifically to GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Yelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kumar NN, Pizzo ME, Nehra G, Wilken-Resman B, Boroumand S, Thorne RG. Passive Immunotherapies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Delivery Challenges and New Approaches. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3937-3966. [PMID: 30265523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy, i.e., the administration of exogenous antibodies that recognize a specific target antigen, has gained significant momentum as a potential treatment strategy for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and brain cancer, among others. Advances in antibody engineering to create therapeutic antibody fragments or antibody conjugates have introduced new strategies that may also be applied to treat CNS disorders. However, drug delivery to the CNS for antibodies and other macromolecules has thus far proven challenging, due in large part to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers that greatly restrict transport of peripherally administered molecules from the systemic circulation into the CNS. Here, we summarize the various passive immunotherapy approaches under study for the treatment of CNS disorders, with a primary focus on disease-specific and target site-specific challenges to drug delivery and new, cutting edge methods.
Collapse
|
47
|
Phytosomal curcumin causes natural killer cell-dependent repolarization of glioblastoma (GBM) tumor-associated microglia/macrophages and elimination of GBM and GBM stem cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:168. [PMID: 30041669 PMCID: PMC6058381 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival rate of ≤5%. We have shown earlier that GBM-antibody-linked curcumin (CC) and also phytosomal curcumin (CCP) rescue 50-60% of GBM-bearing mice while repolarizing the tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM) from the tumor-promoting M2-type to the tumoricidal M1-type. However, systemic application of CCP yields only sub-IC50 concentrations of CC in the plasma, which is unlikely to kill GBM cells directly. This study investigates the role of CC-evoked intra-GBM recruitment of activated natural killer (NK) cells in the elimination of GBM and GBM stem cells. METHODS We have used an immune-competent syngeneic C57BL6 mouse model with the mouse-GBM GL261 cells orthotopically implanted in the brain. Using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, we have quantitatively analyzed the role of the intra-GBM-recruited NK cells by (i) injecting (i.p.) the NK1.1 antibody (NK1.1Ab) to temporarily eliminate the NK cells and (ii) blocking NK recruitment by injecting an IL12 antibody (IL12Ab). The treatment cohorts used randomly-chosen GL261-implanted mice and data sets were compared using two-tailed t-test or ANOVA. RESULTS CCP treatment caused the GBM tumor to acquire M1-type macrophages (50-60% of the TAM) and activated NK cells. The treatment also elicited (a) suppression of the M2-linked tumor-promoting proteins STAT3, ARG1, and IL10, (b) induction of the M1-linked anti-tumor proteins STAT1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the TAM, (c) elimination of CD133(+) GBM stem cells, and (d) activation of caspase3 in the GBM cells. Eliminating intra-GBM NK cell recruitment caused a partial reversal of each of these effects. Concomitantly, we observed a CCP-evoked dramatic induction of the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the TAM. CONCLUSIONS The recruited NK cells mediate a major part of the CCP-evoked elimination of GBM and GBM stem cells and stabilization of the TAM in the M1-like state. MCP-1 is known to activate peripheral M1-type macrophages to secrete IL12, an activator of NK cells. Based on such observations, we postulate that by binding to peripheral M1-type macrophages and IL12-activated NK cells, the brain-released chemokine MCP-1 causes recruitment of peripheral immune cells into the GBM, thereby causing destruction of the GBM cells and GBM stem cells.
Collapse
|
48
|
Takashima Y, Kawaguchi A, Kanayama T, Hayano A, Yamanaka R. Correlation between lower balance of Th2 helper T-cells and expression of PD-L1/PD-1 axis genes enables prognostic prediction in patients with glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19065-19078. [PMID: 29721184 PMCID: PMC5922378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy including molecular targeted drugs and anticancer drugs, and surgical treatment. Recent studies have focused on investigating the mechanisms by which immune cells attack cancer cells and produce immune tolerance-suppressing cytokines, as well as on their potential application in cancer immunotherapy. We conducted expression profiling of CD274 (PD-L1), GATA3, IFNG, IL12R, IL12RB2, IL4, PDCD1 (PD-1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), and TBX21 (T-bet) using data of 158 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with clinical information available at The Cancer Genome Atlas. Principal component analysis of the expression profiling data was used to derive an equation for evaluating the status of Th1 and Th2 cells. GBM specimens were divided based on the median of the Th scores. The results revealed that Th1HighTh2Low and Th1LowTh2Low statuses indicated better prognosis than Th1HighTh2High, and were evaluated based on the downregulation of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1. Furthermore, Th2Low divided based on the threshold, as well as CD274Low and PDCD1Low, were associated with good prognosis. In the Th2Low subgroup, 14 genes were identified as potential prognostic markers. Of these, SLC11A1Low, TNFRSF1BLow, and LTBRLow also indicated good prognosis. These results suggest that low Th2 balance and low activity of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis predict good prognosis in GBM. The set of genes identified in the present study could reliably predict survival in GBM patients and serve as useful molecular markers. Furthermore, this set of genes could prove to be novel targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kanayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Azusa Hayano
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mangano K, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Di Marco R, Bramanti P, Mammana S, Petralia MC, Fagone P, Nicoletti F. Pathogenic role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor in glioblastoma and its targeting with specific inhibitors as novel tailored therapeutic approach. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17951-17970. [PMID: 29707160 PMCID: PMC5915168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by a variety of cell types. Although MIF has been primarily studied for its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, it has also been shown to promote tumorigenesis and it is over expressed in various malignant tumors. MIF is able to induce angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, and to block apoptosis. As tailored therapeutic approaches for the inhibition of endogenous MIF are being developed, it is important to evaluate the role of MIF in individual neoplastic conditions that may benefit from specific MIF inhibitors. Along with this line, in this paper, we have reviewed the evidence of the involvement of MIF in the etiopathogenesis and progression of glioblastoma and the preclinical data suggesting the possible use of specific MIF inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Santa Mammana
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Formative Processes, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guadagno E, Presta I, Maisano D, Donato A, Pirrone CK, Cardillo G, Corrado SD, Mignogna C, Mancuso T, Donato G, Del Basso De Caro M, Malara N. Role of Macrophages in Brain Tumor Growth and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041005. [PMID: 29584702 PMCID: PMC5979398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophages in the growth and the progression of tumors has been extensively studied in recent years. A large body of data demonstrates that macrophage polarization plays an essential role in the growth and progression of brain tumors, such as gliomas, meningiomas, and medulloblastomas. The brain neoplasm cells have the ability to influence the polarization state of the tumor associated macrophages. In turn, innate immunity cells have a decisive role through regulation of the acquired immune response, but also through humoral cross-talking with cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Neoangiogenesis, which is an essential element in glial tumor progression, is even regulated by the tumor associated macrophages, whose activity is linked to other factors, such as hypoxia. In addition, macrophages play a decisive role in establishing the entry into the bloodstream of cancer cells. As is well known, the latter phenomenon is also present in brain tumors, even if they only rarely metastasize. Looking ahead in the future, we can imagine that characterizing the relationships between tumor and tumor associated macrophage, as well as the study of circulating tumor cells, could give us useful tools in prognostic evaluation and therapy. More generally, the study of innate immunity in brain tumors can boost the development of new forms of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II"-via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ivan Presta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Domenico Maisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Krizia Pirrone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Cardillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Simona Domenica Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Pathology Section, University of Naples "Federico II"-via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"-viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|