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Limpikirati PK, Mongkoltipparat S, Denchaipradit T, Siwasophonpong N, Pornnopparat W, Ramanandana P, Pianpaktr P, Tongchusak S, Tian MT, Pisitkun T. Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100916. [PMID: 39035218 PMCID: PMC11259812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance. Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing, references to use for test procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests, and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient, its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately. Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria. Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk, and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications. Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles, with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications. Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting, how to set the acceptance criteria, and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs. Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patanachai K. Limpikirati
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sorrayut Mongkoltipparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thinnaphat Denchaipradit
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nathathai Siwasophonpong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudthipong Pornnopparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parawan Ramanandana
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Phumrapee Pianpaktr
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songsak Tongchusak
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maoxin Tim Tian
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR. Targeting IL-6 or IL-6 Receptor in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Have We Learned? BioDrugs 2024; 38:61-71. [PMID: 37989892 PMCID: PMC10789669 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of different pathways in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has led to a significant decrease in the number of treatment-resistant patients. In this context, interleukin (IL)-6 inhibition has filled an important gap in rheumatoid arthritis treatment with its effectiveness and safety in both monotherapy and combinations. The process of IL-6 inhibition initiated with IL-6 receptor blockers has prompted questions regarding the potential impact and safety of different inhibitions of this pathway, such as the direct blockade of IL-6. Following the termination of the development of sirukumab because of mortality data in early studies, the investigation of olokizumab, which targets a different region of the IL-6 cytokine, has renewed the hope in this area and the safety concerns have been largely alleviated by the open-label extension data. In addition, the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab and sarilumab have led to a rapid investigation of biosimilars and new potent IL-6 receptor blockers. A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of this pathway with further long-term clinical data and basic research may provide a decisive impact on selecting the appropriate mechanism as the first choice in personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Berkant Avci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Medical Park Antalya Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Eugen Feist
- Department of Rheumatology, Helios Fachklinik Vogelsang-Gommern, Cooperation Partner of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Gommern, Germany
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Qian H, Cheng J, Gui Y, Wang W, Liang L, Zhu H, Wu Q, Ou M, Chen Q, Yu C, Jia J. A phase I study comparing the pharmacokinetics and safety of HS628 (tocilizumab biosimilar) and reference tocilizumab in healthy male subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1704-1712. [PMID: 37403258 PMCID: PMC10499408 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity of the proposed biosimilar HS628 compared with the reference tocilizumab (Actemra®) and also to demonstrate similar safety and immunogenicity profiles in healthy Chinese male subjects. Eighty eligible subjects were randomized into two treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single intravenous infusion of HS628 or tocilizumab at 4 mg/kg over 60 min. Blood samples were collected at the scheduled time points for PK and immunogenicity analysis. PK biosimilarity was determined using the standard bioequivalence criteria 80%-125%. A total of 77 subjects received the study drug and completed the study. The main PK parameters were similar for the test and reference groups. The ratio of geometric least-squares means (GMR) and its 90% CIs for AUC0-t , AUC0-∞ , and Cmax between the test group and reference group were 1.06 (1.00-1.12), 1.07 (1.00-1.14), and 1.04 (0.99-1.10), respectively, which were fully within the predefined bioequivalent range of 80%-125%. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar for HS628 and tocilizumab (p > 0.05). The most common TEAEs were decreased fibrinogen, decreased neutrophils, pharyngalgia, oral ulcer, decreased leukocytes, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The results of the present study provide strong evidence to support the PK similarity and bioequivalence of HS628 and tocilizumab. The safety and immunogenicity profiles of HS628 were also shown to be similar to those of the reference tocilizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Qian
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhou Gui
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyu Liang
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixian Ou
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Jia
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
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Kaewbandit N, Malla A, Boonyayothin W, Rattanapisit K, Phetphoung T, Pisuttinusart N, Strasser R, Saetung R, Tawinwung S, Phoolcharoen W. Effect of plant produced Anti-hIL-6 receptor antibody blockade on pSTAT3 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11927. [PMID: 37488213 PMCID: PMC10366097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As a response to invasion by pathogens, the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) which is a cytokine, activates IL-6/JAKs/STAT3 intracellular signaling via., phosphorylation. Over expression of pSTAT3 induces IL-6 positive feedback loop causing cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm. Plants have gained momentum as an alternative expression system. Hence, this study aims to produce mAb targeting human IL-6 receptor (hIL-6R) in Nicotiana benthamiana for down regulating its cellular signaling thus, decreasing the expression of pSTAT3. The variable regions of heavy and light chains of anti-hIL-6R mAb were constructed in pBYK2e geminiviral plant expression vector and transiently co-expressed in N. benthamiana. The results demonstrate the proper protein assembly of anti-hIL-6R mAb with highest expression level of 2.24 mg/g FW at 5 dpi, with a yield of 21.4 µg/g FW after purification. The purity and N-glycosylation of plant produced antibody was analyzed, including its specificity to human IL-6 receptor by ELISA. Additionally, we investigated the effect to pSTAT3 expression in human PBMC's by flow cytometry wherein, the results confirmed lower expression of pSTAT3 with increasing concentrations of plant produced anti-hIL-6R mAb. Although, further in vivo studies are key to unveil the absolute functionality of anti-hIL-6R, we hereby show the potential of the plant platform and its suitability for the production of this therapeutic antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Kaewbandit
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanuttha Boonyayothin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thareeya Phetphoung
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Pisuttinusart
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rattana Saetung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Circular dichroism of biopharmaceutical proteins in a quality-regulated environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. Current status and prospects of IL-6–targeting therapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:575-592. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2097905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadamitsu Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Verscheure L, Vanhoenacker G, Schneider S, Merchiers T, Storms J, Sandra P, Lynen F, Sandra K. 3D-LC-MS with 2D Multimethod Option for Fully Automated Assessment of Multiple Attributes of Monoclonal Antibodies Directly from Cell Culture Supernatants. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6502-6511. [PMID: 35442636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fully automated analysis of multiple structural attributes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using three-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (3D-LC-MS) is described. The analyzer combines Protein A affinity chromatography in the first dimension (1D) with a multimethod option in the second dimension (2D) (choice between size exclusion (SEC), cation exchange (CEX), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)) and desalting SEC-MS in the third dimension (3D). This innovative 3D-LC-MS setup allows simultaneous and sequential assessment of mAb titer, size/charge/hydrophobic variants, molecular weight (MW), amino acid (AA) sequence, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) directly from cell culture supernatants. The reported methodology that finds multiple uses throughout the biopharmaceutical development trajectory was successfully challenged by the analysis of different trastuzumab and tocilizumab samples originating from biosimilar development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Verscheure
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sonja Schneider
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard Strasse 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Tom Merchiers
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Julie Storms
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Nupur N, Joshi S, Gulliarme D, Rathore AS. Analytical Similarity Assessment of Biosimilars: Global Regulatory Landscape, Recent Studies and Major Advancements in Orthogonal Platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:832059. [PMID: 35223794 PMCID: PMC8865741 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.832059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are one of the fastest-growing sectors in the biotechnology industry. Within the umbrella of biopharmaceuticals, the biosimilar segment is expanding with currently over 200 approved biosimilars, globally. The key step towards achieving a successful biosimilar approval is to establish analytical and clinical biosimilarity with the innovator. The objective of an analytical biosimilarity study is to demonstrate a highly similar profile with respect to variations in critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the biosimilar product, and these variations must lie within the range set by the innovator. This comprises a detailed comparative structural and functional characterization using appropriate, validated analytical methods to fingerprint the molecule and helps reduce the economic burden towards regulatory requirement of extensive preclinical/clinical similarity data, thus making biotechnological drugs more affordable. In the last decade, biosimilar manufacturing and associated regulations have become more established, leading to numerous approvals. Biosimilarity assessment exercises conducted towards approval are also published more frequently in the public domain. Consequently, some technical advancements in analytical sciences have also percolated to applications in analytical biosimilarity assessment. Keeping this in mind, this review aims at providing a holistic view of progresses in biosimilar analysis and approval. In this review, we have summarized the major developments in the global regulatory landscape with respect to biosimilar approvals and also catalogued biosimilarity assessment studies for recombinant DNA products available in the public domain. We have also covered recent advancements in analytical methods, orthogonal techniques, and platforms for biosimilar characterization, since 2015. The review specifically aims to serve as a comprehensive catalog for published biosimilarity assessment studies with details on analytical platform used and critical quality attributes (CQAs) covered for multiple biotherapeutic products. Through this compilation, the emergent evolution of techniques with respect to each CQA has also been charted and discussed. Lastly, the information resource of published biosimilarity assessment studies, created during literature search is anticipated to serve as a helpful reference for biopharmaceutical scientists and biosimilar developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neh Nupur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Srishti Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Davy Gulliarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Navas N, Hermosilla J, Torrente-López A, Hernández-Jiménez J, Cabeza J, Pérez-Robles R, Salmerón-García A. Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab to prepare intravenous solutions for COVID-19 emergency shortage: Comparative analytical study of physicochemical quality attributes. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:532-545. [PMID: 32837741 PMCID: PMC7319620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has produced a serious emergency for global public health, placing enormous stress on national health systems in many countries. Several studies suggest that cytokine storms (interleukins) may play an important role in severe cases of COVID-19. Neutralizing key inflammatory factors in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) could therefore be of great value in reducing the mortality rate. Tocilizumab (TCZ) in its intravenous (IV) form of administration -RoActemra® 20 mg/mL (Roche)-is indicated for treatment of severe CRS patients. Preliminary investigations have concluded that inhibition of IL-6 with TCZ appears to be efficacious and safe, with several ongoing clinical trials. This has led to a huge increase in demand for IV TCZ for treating severe COVID-19 patients in hospitals, which has resulted in drug shortages. Here, we present a comparability study assessing the main critical physicochemical attributes of TCZ solutions used for infusion, at 6 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL, prepared from RoActemra® 20 mg/mL (IV form) and from RoActemra® 162 mg (0.9 mL solution pre-filled syringe, subcutaneous(SC) form), to evaluate the use of the latter for preparing clinical solutions required for IV administration, so that in a situation of shortage of the IV medicine, the SC form could be used to prepare the solutions for IV delivery of TCZ. It is important to remember that during the current pandemic all the medicines are used off-label, since none of them has yet been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty / Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Jesús Hermosilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty / Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Anabel Torrente-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty / Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - José Hernández-Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty / Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Jose Cabeza
- UGC Farmacia Hospitalaria, Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, Granada, E-18012, Spain
| | - Raquel Pérez-Robles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty / Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón-García
- UGC Farmacia Hospitalaria, Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, Granada, E-18012, Spain
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10
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Alsamil AM, Giezen TJ, Egberts TC, Leufkens HG, Vulto AG, van der Plas MR, Gardarsdottir H. Reporting of quality attributes in scientific publications presenting biosimilarity assessments of (intended) biosimilars: a systematic literature review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Varkhede N, Forrest L. Understanding the Monoclonal Antibody Disposition after Subcutaneous Administration using a Minimal Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019; 21:130s-148s. [PMID: 30011390 DOI: 10.18433/jpps30028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly administered by subcutaneous (SC) route. However, bioavailability is often reduced after SC administration. In addition, the sequential transfer of mAbs through the SC tissue and lymphatic system is not completely understood. Therefore, major objectives of this study were a) To understand absorption of mAbs via the lymphatic system after SC administration using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, and b) to demonstrate application of the model for prediction of SC pharmacokinetics (PK) of mAbs. METHODS A minimal PBPK model was constructed using various physiological parameters related to the SC injection site and lymphatic system. The remainder of the body organs were represented using a 2-compartment model (central and peripheral compartments), with parameters derived from available intravenous (IV) PK data. The IV and SC clinical PK data of a total of 10 mAbs were obtained from literature. The SC PK data were used to estimate the lymphatic trunk-lymph node (LN) clearance. RESULTS The mean estimated lymphatic trunk-LN clearance obtained from 37 SC PK profiles of mAbs was 0.00213 L/h (0.001332 to 0.002928, 95% confidence intervals). The estimated lymphatic trunk-LN clearance was greater for the mAbs with higher isoelectric point (pI). In addition, the estimated clearance increased with decrease in the bioavailability. CONCLUSION The minimal PBPK model identified SC injection site lymph flow, afferent and efferent lymph flows, and volumes associated with the SC injection site, lymphatic capillaries and lymphatic trunk-LN as important physiological parameters governing the absorption of mAbs after SC administration. The model may be used to predict PK of mAbs using the relationship of lymphatic trunk-LN clearance and the pI. In addition, the model can be used as a bottom platform to incorporate SC and lymphatic in vitro clearance data for mAb PK prediction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Varkhede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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12
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Insights from capillary electrophoresis approaches for characterization of monoclonal antibodies and antibody drug conjugates in the period 2016–2018. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1122-1123:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Iwamoto N, Yonezawa A, Matsubara K, Shimada T. Acceleration of nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis with acidified reduction pretreatment for quantification of Tocilizumab. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:467-474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Sandra K, Steenbeke M, Vandenheede I, Vanhoenacker G, Sandra P. The versatility of heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in monoclonal antibody clone selection. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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