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Oliveira AD, Moreira TFM, Paes Silva B, Oliveira G, Teixeira VMC, Watanabe LS, Lucy Nixdorf S, Eloísa Leal L, Pessoa LGA, Seixas FAV, Gonçalves OH, Paula Peron A, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Leimann FV, Bracht A, Bracht L, Comar JF. Characterization and bioactivities of coffee husks extract encapsulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113878. [PMID: 38309896 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Coffee processing generates large amounts of residues of which a portion still has bioactive properties due to their richness in phenolic compounds. This study aimed to obtain a coffee husks extract (CHE) and to encapsulate it (ECHE) with polyvinylpyrrolidone using a one-step procedure of solid dispersion. The extraction and encapsulation yields were 9.1% and 92%, respectively. Thermal analyses revealed that the encapsulation increased the thermal stability of CHE and dynamic light scattering analyses showed a bimodal distribution of size with 81% of the ECHE particles measuring approximately 711 nm. Trigonelline and caffeine were the main alkaloids and quercetin the main phenolic compound in CHE, and the encapsulation tripled quercetin extraction. The total phenolics content and the antioxidant activity of ECHE, assayed with three different procedures, were higher than those of CHE. The antioxidant activity and the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds of ECHE were also higher than those of CHE following simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID). Both CHE and ECHE were not toxic against Alliumcepa cells and showed similar capacities for inhibiting the pancreatic α-amylase in vitro. After SGID, however, ECHE became a 1.9-times stronger inhibitor of the α-amylase activity in vitro (IC50 = 8.5 mg/mL) when compared to CHE. Kinetic analysis revealed a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition and in silico docking simulation suggests that quercetin could be contributing significantly to the inhibitory action of both ECHE and CHE. In addition, ECHE (400 mg/kg) was able to delay by 50% the increases of blood glucose in vivo after oral administration of starch to rats. This finding shows that ECHE may be a candidate ingredient in dietary supplements used as an adjuvant for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaysa F M Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Grazielle Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lycio S Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Odinei H Gonçalves
- Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal University of Technology (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda V Leimann
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Liu L, Jia W, Jiang S, Zhang G, Zhao J, Xu J, Wang L, Wu D, Tao J, Yue H, Zhao X. Inhibitory activities and rules of plant gallotannins with different numbers of galloyl moieties on sucrase, maltase and α-amylase in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155063. [PMID: 37716036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Glucosidase inhibitors could effectively reduce postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels and control the occurrence of complications of diabetes. Gallotannins (GTs) in plants have attracted much attention due to their significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. However, there is still a lack of systematic comparative studies to further elucidate inhibitory activities in vivo and in vitro of these compounds against α-glucosidase, especially for mammalian sucrase and maltase, and analyze their structure-activity relationship. PURPOSE Determine the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of five GTs with different number of galloyl moieties (GMs) on sucrase, maltase and α-amylase, and elucidate the relationship between α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and the number and connection mode of GMs. METHODS Molecular docking and dynamics were used to study the binding mode and binding ability of five GTs against sucrase, maltase and α-amylase. Then, the inhibitory activities and inhibitory mechanisms of these compounds on sucrase, maltase and α-amylase in vitro were studied using inhibitory assay and enzyme inhibition kinetics. Further, the hypoglycemic effects in vivo of these compounds were demonstrated by three polysaccharides tolerance experiments on diabetes model mice. RESULTS The results of molecular docking showed that these compounds could bind to enzymes through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc. In addition, the α-glucosidase inhibition comparative studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the inhibitory activities of these compounds on all three sucrase, maltase and α-amylase were ranked as TA ≈ PGG > TeGG > TGG > 1GG, and their inhibitory activities increases with the increase in the number of GMs. Moreover, the hypoglycemic effects of 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and tannic acid (TA) in vitro and in vivo were also confirmed to be equivalent to or even stronger than that of acarbose. CONCLUSION α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro and in vivo of GTs were positively correlated with the number of GTs, and the more the number, the stronger the activity. However, PGG with five GTs and TA with ten GTs showed almost identical α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, possibly due to the reduced binding force with the enzyme caused by spatial hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wenjing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Sirong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- College of Ecological Environmental engineering, Qinghai University, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhao
- Agricultural and Rural Science and Technology Guidance Development Service Center of Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- College of Ecological Environmental engineering, Qinghai University, China
| | - Luya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Ecological Environmental engineering, Qinghai University, China
| | - Jihong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, 23 Xinning Road, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
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Correa VG, Garcia-Manieri JAA, Silva AR, Backes E, Corrêa RCG, Barros L, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Exploring the α-amylase-inhibitory properties of tannin-rich extracts of Cytinus hypocistis on starch digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113260. [PMID: 37803573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytinus hypocistis(L.) L. is an edible parasitic plant that grows within the roots of its host. In addition to its use as famine food in the past, it is also tradidionally used for treating several illnesses such as intestinal problems, inflammations, tumors, and bleeding. This species is rich in hydrolysable tannins, compounds often associated with inhibiting starch digestion. Therefore, the present work investigated how effectively C. hypocistis tannin-rich extracts inhibited enzymes involved in starch digestion and if such effect also occurs in vivo. The latter premise was approached using the starch tolerance test in mice. Two optimized hydroethanolic extracts were used, a heat-assisted and an ultrasound-assisted extract, with known hydrolysable tannin content. Both extracts demonstrated potent inhibition of α-amylase. Inhibitions were of the mixed type with inhibitor constants in the 15 μg/mL range. The inhibition of the intestinal α-glucosidase was at least ten times less effective. The inhibition of the α-amylase was negatively affected by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and bovine serum albumin. In vivo, both extracts inhibited starch digestion at doses between 100 and 400 mg/mL in healthy mice. The highest doses of the ultrasound and heat extracts diminished the peak glucose levels in the starch tolerance test by 46 and 59.3%, respectively. In streptozotocin diabetic mice, this inhibition occurred only at the dose of 400 mg/mL. Under this condition, diminution of the peak glucose concentration in the starch tolerance test was equal to 36.7% and 48.8% for the ultrasound and heat extracts, respectively. Maltose digestion was not inhibited by the C. hypocistis extracts. Qualitatively and quantitatively, thus, the actions of both extracts were similar. The results allow adding a new biological property to C. hypocistis, namely, the ability to decrease the hyper-glycemic excursion after a starch-rich meal, propitiating at the same time a diminished caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gesser Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Rita Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, CIETUS-IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, España
| | - Emanueli Backes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas, Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação-ICETI, Universidade Cesumar-UNICESUMAR, Maringá 87050-900, Brazil
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil.
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An in vivo approach to the reported effects of phenolic acids and flavonoids on the pancreatic α-amylase activity. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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5
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Manieri JAG, Correa VG, Gomes Corrêa RC, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Ivanov M, Soković M, Barros L, Ferreira IC, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Polyphenolic profile and pharmacological activities of whips horse (Luehea divaricata) bark extracts studied using in vitro and in vivo systems. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Extracts from Bergenia ciliata, Mimosa pudica, and Phyllanthus emblica. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:4929824. [PMID: 35845257 PMCID: PMC9283070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4929824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of high blood sugar levels which leads to various chronic health-related complications. The digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase play a major role in the hydrolysis of starch to glucose; hence, inhibiting these enzymes is considered an important strategy for the treatment of diabetes. Medicinal plants such as Bergenia ciliata, Mimosa pudica, and Phyllanthus emblica are commonly used in traditional remedies due to their numerous health benefits. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals as well as TPC and TFC contents in these plant extracts along with their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The ethyl acetate extracts of selected plants have shown higher TPC and TFC contents. The aqueous extract of B. ciliata (IC50: 16.99 ± 2.56 μg/mL) and ethyl acetate extract of P. emblica (IC50: 11.98 ± 0.36 μg/mL) and M. pudica (IC50: 21.39 ± 3.76 μg/mL) showed effective antioxidant activities. Furthermore, ethyl acetate extract of B. ciliata showed significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 38.50 ± 1.32 μg/mL and 3.41 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, secondary metabolites of these medicinal plants can be repurposed as effective inhibitors of digestive enzymes.
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González-Muñoz B, Garrido-Vargas F, Pavez C, Osorio F, Chen J, Bordeu E, O'Brien JA, Brossard N. Wine astringency: more than just tannin-protein interactions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1771-1781. [PMID: 34796497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red wines are characterized by their astringency, a very important sensory attribute that affects the perceived quality of wines. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain astringency, and two theories describe how these mechanisms work in an integrated manner to produce tactile sensations such as drying, roughening, shrinking and puckering. The factors involved include not only tannins and salivary proteins, but also anthocyanins, grape polysaccharides and mannoproteins, as well as other wine matrix components that modulate their interactions. These multifactorial interactions could be responsible for different sensory responses and therefore need to be further studied. This review presents the latest advances in astringency perception and its possible origins, with special attention on the interactions of components, their impact on oral perception and the development of astringency sub-qualities. Future research efforts should concentrate on understanding the mechanisms involved as well as on the limiting factors related to the conformation and stability of the tannin-salivary protein complexes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Garrido-Vargas
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pavez
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Osorio
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jianshe Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Edmundo Bordeu
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A O'Brien
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Brossard
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rocchetti G, Bocchi S, Senizza B, Giuberti G, Trevisan M, Lucini L. Metabolomic insights into the phytochemical profile of cooked pigmented rice varieties following in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Mbagwu IS, Akah PA, Ajaghaku DL, Ike JC, Okoye FBC. Newboulasides A and B, two new caffeic acid glycosides from Newbouldia laevis with α-amylase inhibitory activity. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:726-734. [PMID: 32720525 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1799362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv) led to the isolation of two new caffeic acid glycosides, Newboulasides A (1) and B (2). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS data. The extracts and fractions and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity. The extract showed inhibition of α-amylase activity with IC50 value of 102.91 µg/mL, while the isolated compounds (1 and 2) exhibited pronounced inhibition with IC50 values of 4.95 and 4.44 µg/mL respectively, comparable to the standard - Acarbose with IC50 value of 4.05 µg/mL. Our findings demonstrated that the inhibition of α-amylase activity may be part of the mechanisms through which N. leavis exhibits antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Sonne Mbagwu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Achunike Akah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Jeremiah Chibueze Ike
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
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da Silva TBV, Castilho PA, Sá-Nakanishi ABD, Seixas FAV, Dias MI, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Bracht A, Peralta RM. The inhibitory action of purple tea on in vivo starch digestion compared to other Camellia sinensis teas. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110781. [PMID: 34865796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to contribute to improve knowledge about the actions of Camellia sinensis extracts on starch digestion, several varieties were compared. The latter were green, oolong, white, black, and purple teas. The results are hoped to contribute to our understanding of the mode of action and potency of the various tea preparations as possible adjuvants in the control of post-prandial glycemia. The extracts were prepared in way similar to their form of consumption. All extracts decreased starch digestion, but the purple tea extract was the strongest inhibitor, their inhibitory tendency started at the dose of 50 mg/kg and was already maximal with 250 mg/kg. Maltose tolerance was not significantly affected by the extracts. Glucose tolerance was not affected by purple tea, but black tea clearly diminished it; green tea presented the same tendency. Purple tea was also the strongest inhibitor of pancreatic α-amylase, followed by black tea. The green tea, oolong tea, and white tea extracts tended to stimulate the pancreatic α-amylase at low concentrations, a phenomenon that could be counterbalancing its inhibitory effect on starch digestion. Based on chemical analyses and molecular docking simulations it was concluded that for both purple and black tea extracts the most abundant active component, epigallocatechin gallate, seems also to be the main responsible for the inhibition of the pancreatic α-amylase and starch digestion. In the case of purple tea, the inhibitory activity is likely to be complemented by its content in deoxyhexoside-hexoside-containing polyphenolics, especially the kaempferol and myricetin derivatives. Polysaccharides are also contributing to some extent. Cyanidins, the compounds giving to purple tea its characteristic color, seem not to be the main responsible for its effects on starch digestion. It can be concluded that in terms of postprandial anti-hyperglycemic action purple tea presents the best perspectives among all the tea varieties tested in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pâmela Alves Castilho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87015-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anacharis Babeto de Sá-Nakanishi
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87015-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Department of Technology, and Post-graduate Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87015-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87015-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87015-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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11
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Barbeya oleoides Leaves Extracts: In Vitro Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Inhibition and Phytochemical Characterization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206229. [PMID: 34684810 PMCID: PMC8540058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro inhibitory potential of different solvent extracts of leaves of Barbeya oleoides on key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) in combination with an aggregation assay (using 0.01% Triton X-100 detergent) to assess the specificity of action. The methanol extract was the most active in inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 6.67 ± 0.30 and 25.62 ± 4.12 µg/mL, respectively. However, these activities were significantly attenuated in the presence of 0.01% Triton X-100. The chemical analysis of the methanol extract was conducted utilizing a dereplication approach combing LC-ESI-MS/MS and database searching. The chemical analysis detected 27 major peaks in the negative ion mode, and 24 phenolic compounds, predominantly tannins and flavonol glycosides derivatives, were tentatively identified. Our data indicate that the enzyme inhibitory activity was probably due to aggregation-based inhibition, perhaps linked to polyphenols.
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Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Šmeringaiová I, Kavan D, Ingr M, Ryšlavá H. How is the activity of shikimate dehydrogenase from the root of Petroselinum crispum (parsley) regulated and which side reactions are catalyzed? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112881. [PMID: 34365296 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the shikimate pathway are widely used as herbicides, antibiotics, and anti-infectious drugs. However, the regulation of the shikimic pathway is complex, and little is known about the feedback regulation of the shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.25) in plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the kinetic mechanism of SDH purified from the root of Petroselinum crispum (parsley), to determine all possible reaction products and to identify phenylpropanoid compounds that affect its activity. Our results showed that the bisubstrate reaction catalyzed by P. crispum SDH follows a sequential ordered mechanism, except for three dead-end complexes. The main and lateral reactions of SDH were monitored by mass spectrometry, thereby detecting protocatechuic acid as a byproduct. Gallic acid was formed non-enzymatically, whereas quinate was not detected. Several polyphenolic compounds inhibited SDH activity, especially tannic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, with IC50 0.014 mM, 0.15 mM, and 0.19 mM, respectively. The number of hydroxyl groups influenced their inhibition effect on SDH, and p-coumaric, t-ferulic, sinapic, syringic and salicylic acids were less effective SDH inhibitors. Nevertheless, one branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway may affect SDH activity through feedback regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic.
| | - Ingrida Šmeringaiová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Ingr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Technology, Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Nám. T.G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 40, Czech Republic.
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13
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Alves Castilho P, Bracht L, Barros L, Albuquerque BR, Dias MI, Ferreira ICFR, Comar JF, Barlati Vieira da Silva T, Peralta RM, Sá-Nakanishi ABD, Bracht A. Effects of a Myrciaria jaboticaba peel extract on starch and triglyceride absorption and the role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Food Funct 2021; 12:2644-2659. [PMID: 33645616 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02927k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a parallel and comparative investigation of the effects of a Myrciaria jaboticaba (common name jabuticaba) peel extract and of its constituent cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on the overall process of starch and triglyceride intestinal absorption. The peel extract inhibited both the porcine pancreactic α-amylase and the pancreatic lipase but was 13.6 times more potent on the latter (IC50 values of 1963 and 143.9 μg mL-1, respectively). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside did not contribute significantly to these inhibitions. The jabuticaba peel extract inhibited starch absorption in mice at doses that were compatible with its inhibitory action on the α-amylase. No inhibition of starch absorption was found with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside doses compatible with its content in the extract. The extract also inhibited triglyceride absorption, but at doses that were considerably smaller than those predicted by its strength in inhibiting the pancreatic lipase (ID50 = 3.65 mg kg-1). In this case, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was also strongly inhibitory, with 72% inhibition at the dose of 2 mg kg-1. When oleate + glycerol were given to mice, both the peel extract and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside strongly inhibited the appearance of triglycerides in the plasma. The main mechanism seems, thus, not to be the lipase inhibition but rather the inhibition of one or more steps (e.g., transport) in the events that lead to the transformation of free fatty acids in the intestinal tract into triglycerides. Due to the low active doses, the jabuticaba peel extract presents many favourable perspectives as an inhibitor of fat absorption and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside seems to play a decisive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Alves Castilho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Djiazet S, Kenfack LBM, Devi PB, Nazareth MS, Tchiégang C, Shetty PH. Phenolic profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of underutilized spices from Central Africa. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:1110-1123. [PMID: 33678893 PMCID: PMC7884570 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of some underutilized Cameroon spice extracts, viz. The fruit of Xylopia africana, the fruit and the bulb of Aframomum sulcatum; and the bark of Hypodaphnis zenkeri. Four different solvent combinations were used for extraction of phytochemicals. Highest total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents were observed in X. africana extract 10.32 ± 0.49 g gallic acid eq/100 g of dry matter, 146.66 ± 4.15 mg quercetin eq/100 g of dry matter, 452.44 ± 2.7 mg tannic acid eq/100 g spices dry matter. Methanol extracts revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid (0.790-4.312), vanillic acid (0.830-19.768), epicatechin (25.386-34.707), p-coumaric acid (1.127-12.652), protosynapic acid (0.221-186.562) and T-cinnamic acid (3.794-52.58) mg/100 g dry spice by HPLC analysis. Extracts of X. africana and H. zenkeri exhibited higher antioxidant activity: DPPH (182.24 ± 2.41 mg ascorbic acid eq/g dry spice), ABTS (9.247 ± 0.004 g trolox eq/100 g spice), hydroxyl free radicals (729.27 ± 3.07 mg mannitol eq/100 g spice) and reducing power (2.351 ± 0.002 g ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g spice). Positive and high correlations existed between the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained with different methods and their corresponding phenolic content. Extract of A. sulcatum highly inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase whereas, X. africana and H. zenkeri extracts highly inhibited α-amylase (98.82 and 99.54% respectively). These spices could be utilized as natural antioxidant sources for the management oxidative stress, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stève Djiazet
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon, 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Laurette Blandine Mezajoug Kenfack
- Department of Food Engineering and Quality Control (GACQ), University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014 India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Clergé Tchiégang
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences (ENSAI), University of Ngaoundere-Cameroon, 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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15
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Huang HZ, Qiu M, Lin JZ, Li MQ, Ma XT, Ran F, Luo CH, Wei XC, Xu RC, Tan P, Fan SH, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Potential effect of tropical fruits Phyllanthus emblica L. for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetic complications: a systematic review of recent advances. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3525-3542. [PMID: 33439332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is a fruit widely consumed in subtropical areas, which is rich in polyphenols and other nutrients. There are increasing evidences that as a daily and nutritious fruit, it may have a positive role in controlling diabetic complications. According to the new study, its mechanisms include enhancing the functioning of insulin, reducing insulin resistance, activating the insulin-signaling pathway, protecting β-cells, scavenging free radicals, alleviating inflammatory reactions, and reducing the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. Owing to its few side effects, and low price, it should be easily accepted by patients and has potential for preventing diabetes. Taken together, Phyllanthus emblica may be an ideal fruit for controlling diabetic complications. This review highlights the latest findings of the role of Phyllanthus emblica in anti-diabetes and its complications, especially clarifies the molecular mechanism of the chemical components related to this effect, and prospects some existing problems and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhou Huang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xi-Tao Ma
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chuan-Hong Luo
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi-Chuan Wei
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, National Administration of TCM, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - San-Hu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Pinto D, Silva AM, Freitas V, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Microwave-Assisted Extraction as a Green Technology Approach to Recover Polyphenols from Castanea sativa Shells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M. P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Effect of different levels of hydrolysable tannin intake on the reproductive hormones and serum biochemical indices in healthy female rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20600. [PMID: 33244120 PMCID: PMC7692459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to find out the effect of different levels of hydrolysable tannin (HT) on serum hormonal profile, biochemical indices, lipid profile, apparent digestibility of nutrients and body weight gain in healthy female rats. Forty five adult healthy female rats of 8 weeks old were randomly divided into five equal groups. Different doses of HT 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% were administered daily to each rats group on the body weight basis for 6 weeks. The results had shown the reduction trend (p < 0.05) in the blood glucose, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, testosterone, prolactin, ghrelin, total oxidative stress and serum iron levels; while an improvement (p < 0.05) was seen in serum follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, high density lipoprotein, IgM and total antioxidant capacity. However, no effect (p > 0.05) was noticed in serum IgG, protein, estrogen and calcium levels. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) was seen in the apparent nutrient digestibility and body weight gain. The results had shown improvement in the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) but non-significant decrease (p > 0.05) in the feed intake. The findings showed that HT had healthy effects on the serum biochemical indices and reproductive hormonal profile but had a negative impact on the nutrient digestibility. Thus, the study concluded that HT could be used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of leading metabolic and infertility diseases like obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome in females.
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Song W, Liu LL, Ren YJ, Wei SD, Yang HB. Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanism on mushroom tyrosinase by condensed tannins isolation from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1813-1821. [PMID: 33038405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of extracted condensed tannin (CT) from the fruit of Sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow) and the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The structure of CT was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The kinetic assays were used to detect inhibition effect, type and mechanism. UV scanning, fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, o-quinone interaction and molecular docking assays were also used to reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CT inhibit tyrosinase. The results showed the structural units of CT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and gallocatechin/epigallocatechin. Kinetic analysis showed that CT inhibits both the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase and exhibits reversible, mixed type mechanism. The fruit CT interacts primarily with the copper ions and specific amino acid residue (Asn191, Thr203, Ala202, Ser206, Met201, His194, His54, Glu182 and Ile42) in the active site of tyrosinase to disturb oxidation of substrates by tyrosinase. These results suggested the sour jujube fruit is a potential natural source of tyrosinase inhibitors, and has a potential to be used in food preservation, whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Ren
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shu-Dong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan 467044, China; Forestry College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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19
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Kato-Schwartz CG, Corrêa RCG, de Souza Lima D, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, de Almeida Gonçalves G, Seixas FAV, Haminiuk CWI, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Potential anti-diabetic properties of Merlot grape pomace extract: An in vitro, in silico and in vivo study of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109462. [PMID: 33233136 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach to control glycemia in diabetes is to use plant natural products that delay hydrolysis of complex sugars and promote the diminution of the release of glucosyl units into the blood plasma. Polyphenolics have been described as being effective in inhibiting amylases and α-glucosidases. Grape pomace is an important sub product of the wine industry, still rich in many compounds such as polyphenolics. In this context, the purpose of this study was to search for possible effects of a grape pomace extract on salivary and pancreatic α-amylases and α-glucosidase, as well as on intestinal glucose absorption. The Merlot grape pomace extract (MGPE) was prepared using a hydroalcoholic mixture (40% ethanol + 60% water). In vitro inhibition was quantified using potato starch (for amylases) and maltose (for α-glucosidase) as substrates. In vivo inhibition was evaluated by running starch and maltose tolerance tests in rats with or without administration of MGPE. Ranking of the extract compounds for its affinity to the α-amylases was accomplished by computer simulations using three different programs. Both α-amylases, pancreatic and salivary, were inhibited by the MGPE. No inhibition on α-glucosidase, however, was detected. The IC50 values were 90 ± 10 μg/mL and 143 ± 15 μg/mL for salivary and pancreatic amylases, respectively. Kinetically this inhibition showed a complex pattern, with multiple binding of the extract constituents to the enzymes. Furthermore, the in silico docking simulations indicated that several phenolic substances, e.g., peonidin-3-O-acetylglucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, besides catechin, were the most likely polyphenols responsible for the α-amylase inhibition caused by MGPE. The hyperglycemic burst, an usual phenomenon that follows starch administration, was substantially inhibited by the MGPE. Our results suggest that the MGPE can be adequate for maintaining normal blood levels after food ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gabriel Kato-Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry, and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rúbia Carvalho Gomes Corrêa
- Program of Master in Science, Technology and Food Safety, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), University Center of Maringa (UniCesumar), Parana 87050-390, Brazil; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Diego de Souza Lima
- Department of Technology, and Post-graduate Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Geferson de Almeida Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Flavio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Department of Technology, and Post-graduate Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Charles W I Haminiuk
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
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Kato-Schwartz CG, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Guidi AC, Gonçalves GDA, Bueno FG, Zani BPM, de Mello JCP, Bueno PSA, Seixas FAV, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Carbohydrate digestive enzymes are inhibited by Poincianella pluviosa stem bark extract: relevance on type 2 diabetes treatment. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The stem bark aqueous alcohol extract of Poincianella pluviosa (PPSB extract) is rich in bioactives including gallic acid, gallic acid methyl ester, pyrogallol, ellagic acid, corilagin, 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-glucose, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-glucose, tellimagrandin I, tellimagrandin II, mallotinic acid, mallotusinic acid, and geraniin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the PPSB extract as well as its inhibitory action on carbohydrate digestive enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes.
Results
The PPSB extract was prepared using a mixture of 40% ethanol and 60% distilled water. The PPSB extract showed high antioxidant activities and inhibited several carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The IC50 values for inhibiting in vitro salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, intestinal β-galactosidase and intestinal invertase were, respectively, 250 ± 15, 750 ± 40, 25 ± 5, and 75 ± 8 μg/mL. In vivo inhibition of the intestinal starch absorption was confirmed by determination of blood glucose levels in rats before and after administration of starch by gavage with or without different amounts of PPSB extract. Docking simulations performed on three different programs to rank the extract compounds most likely to bind to porcine pancreatic α-amylase suggest that geraniin is likely to be the P. pluviosa extract compound that presents the greatest binding potential to the pancreatic alpha-amylase. However, the total inhibitory action of the PPSB extract is likely to result from a summation of effects of several molecules. Furthermore, the PPSB extract did not present acute toxicity nor did it present mutagenic effects.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that the PPSB extract is potentially useful in controlling the postprandial glycaemic levels in diabetes. Further clinical studies with the extract are needed, however, to confirm its potential use in the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Giuberti G, Rocchetti G, Lucini L. Interactions between phenolic compounds, amylolytic enzymes and starch: an updated overview. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tretola M, Maghin F, Silacci P, Ampuero S, Bee G. Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower-Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121063. [PMID: 31810259 PMCID: PMC6940899 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25-60 kg BW) and finisher (60-105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H-/L-) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H- had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L-, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tretola
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Federica Maghin
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Silacci
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Ampuero
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; (M.T.); (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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In silico evaluation of condensed and hydrolysable tannins as inhibitors of pancreatic α-amylase. J Mol Model 2019; 25:275. [PMID: 31451948 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amylases are interesting targets for antidiabetic drugs because their inhibition is able to lower glycaemia without the need of hormonal control, as promoted by insulin or glibenclamide. In this context, the comparison between the binding features of α-amylases with their substrate and known inhibitors may provide insights aiming at the discovery of new antidiabetic drugs. In this work, the structure of the porcine pancreatic α-amylase was modelled with the acarbose pentasaccharide inhibitor, and used in structure-based virtual screening simulations based on a library containing the structures of amylose (AMY), acarbose (ACA) and the more representative structures of condensed tannin (CTN) and hydrolysable tannin (HTN). After validation of the methodology by redocking (mean rmsd ~ 0.8 Å), the scores provided by programs AutoDock/Molegro were contradictory (- 1.5/- 23.3; - 3.5/- 24.6; - 4.3/- 14.6; -/- 19.5 for AMY, ACA, CTN and HTN respectively), indicating that a more sensitive methodology was necessary. The ΔGbinding was calculated by the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method, which indicated that the HTN, ACA and CTN had higher affinities for the enzyme regarding the AMY substrate, with values of - 350.0, - 346.2, - 320.5 and - 209.2 kJ mol-1, respectively. The predicted relative affinities of HTN and CTN are in agreement with those obtained experimentally. The results provided useful information for the characterization of tannin binding to α-amylase, which can be applied in future studies aiming at finding new hypoglycaemic molecules among natural products.
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Ostberg-Potthoff JJ, Berger K, Richling E, Winterhalter P. Activity-Guided Fractionation of Red Fruit Extracts for the Identification of Compounds Influencing Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051166. [PMID: 31137670 PMCID: PMC6567153 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An activity-guided search for compounds influencing glucose metabolism in extracts from aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, A.), pomegranate (Punica granatum L., P.), and red grape (Vitis vinifera, RG) was carried out. The three extracts were fractionated by means of membrane chromatography to separate the anthocyanins from other noncolored phenolic compounds (copigments). In addition, precipitation with hexane was performed to isolate the polymers (PF). The anthocyanin and copigment fractions (AF, CF) of aronia, pomegranate, and red grape were furthermore fractionated with high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) and the subfractions were characterized by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analyses. Each of the (sub-)fractions was examined by in vitro-tests, i.e., the inhibition of the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the basis of this screening, several potent inhibitors of the two enzymes could be identified, which included flavonols (e.g., quercetin), ellagitannins (e.g., pedunculagin), and anthocyanins (e.g., delphinidin-3-glucoside and petunidin-3-glucoside). In the α-glucosidase assay all of the examined fractions and subfractions of the fruit extracts were more active than the positive control acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Parada J, Pérez-Correa JR, Pérez-Jiménez J. Design of low glycemic response foods using polyphenols from seaweed. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Margier M, Georgé S, Hafnaoui N, Remond D, Nowicki M, Du Chaffaut L, Amiot MJ, Reboul E. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Content of Legumes: Characterization of Pulses Frequently Consumed in France and Effect of the Cooking Method. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111668. [PMID: 30400385 PMCID: PMC6266829 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulses display nutritional benefits and are recommended in sustainable diets. Indeed, they are rich in proteins and fibers, and can contain variable amounts of micronutrients. However, pulses also contain bioactive compounds such as phytates, saponins, or polyphenols/tannins that can exhibit ambivalent nutritional properties depending on their amount in the diet. We characterized the nutritional composition and bioactive compound content of five types of prepared pulses frequently consumed in France (kidney beans, white beans, chickpeas, brown and green lentils, flageolets), and specifically compared the effects of household cooking vs. canning on the composition of pulses that can be consumed one way or the other. The contents in macro-, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds highly varied from one pulse to another (i.e., 6.9 to 9.7 g/100 g of cooked product for proteins, 4.6 to 818.9 µg/100 g for lutein or 15.0 to 284.3 mg/100 g for polyphenols). The preparation method was a key factor governing pulse final nutritional composition in hydrophilic compounds, depending on pulse species. Canning led to a greater decrease in proteins, total dietary fibers, magnesium or phytate contents compared to household cooking (i.e., −30%, −44%, −33% and −38%, p < 0.05, respectively, in kidney beans). As canned pulses are easy to use for consumers, additional research is needed to improve their transformation process to further optimize their nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Margier
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Stéphane Georgé
- Biochemistry Department, Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles (CTCPA), site Agroparc, 84911 Avignon, France.
| | - Noureddine Hafnaoui
- UNH, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Didier Remond
- UNH, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Marion Nowicki
- C2VN, INSERM, INRA, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Marie-Josèphe Amiot
- MOISA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Modulatory Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds from the Mangrove Tree Rhizophora mangle L. on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Obese Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092114. [PMID: 30135414 PMCID: PMC6225131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
No scientific report proves the action of the phytochemicals from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the acetonic extract of R. mangle barks (AERM) on type 2 diabetes. The main chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow injection analysis electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. After 4 weeks of AERM 5 or 50 mg/kg/day orally, glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin tolerance test (kiTT). Hepatic steatosis, triglycerides and gene expression were also evaluated. AERM consists of catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acids derivatives. These metabolites have nutritional importance, obese mice treated with AERM (50 mg/kg) presented improvements in insulin resistance resulting in hepatic steatosis reductions associated with a strong inhibition of hepatic mRNA levels of CD36. The beneficial effects of AERM in an obesity model could be associated with its inhibitory α-amylase activity detected in vitro. Rhizophora mangle partially reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity, supporting previous claims in traditional knowledge.
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Ogawa S, Yazaki Y. Tannins from Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Bark: Tannin Determination and Biological Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:E837. [PMID: 29621196 PMCID: PMC6017853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (black wattle) contains significant amounts of water-soluble components acalled "wattle tannin". Following the discovery of its strong antioxidant activity, a wattle tannin dietary supplement has been developed and as part of developing new dietary supplements, a literature search was conducted using the SciFinder data base for "Acacia species and their biological activities". An analysis of the references found indicated that the name of Acacia nilotica had been changed to Vachellia nilotica, even though the name of the genus Acacia originated from its original name. This review briefly describes why and how the name of A. nilotica changed. Tannin has been analyzed using the Stiasny method when the tannin is used to make adhesives and the hide-powder method is used when the tannin is to be used for leather tanning. A simple UV method is also able to be used to estimate the values for both adhesives and leather tanning applications. The tannin content in bark can also be estimated using NIR and NMR. Tannin content estimations using pyrolysis/GC, electrospray mass spectrometry and quantitative 31P-NMR analyses have also been described. Tannins consists mostly of polyflavanoids and all the compounds isolated have been updated. Antioxidant activities of the tannin relating to anti-tumor properties, the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and also anti-hypertensive effects have been studied. The antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins was found to be higher than that of flavan-3-ol monomers. A total of fourteen papers and two patents reported the antimicrobial activities of wattle tannin. Bacteria were more susceptible to the tannins than the fungal strains tested. Several bacteria were inhibited by the extract from A. mearnsii bark. The growth inhibition mechanisms of E. coli were investigated. An interaction between extracts from A. mearnsii bark and antibiotics has also been studied. The extracts from A. mearnsii bark inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. Wattle tannin has the ability to inactivate α-amylase, lipase and glucosidase. In vivo experiments on anti-obesity and anti-diabetes were also reported. Several patents relating to these enzymes for anti-diabetes and anti-obesity are in the literature. In addition, studies on Acacia bark extract regarding its antitermite activities, inhibition of itching in atopic dermatitis and anti-inflammatory effects have also been reported. The growth of bacteria was inhibited by the extract from A. mearnsii bark, and typical intestinal bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and S. marcescenes was also inhibited in vitro by extracts. Based on these results, the Acacia bark extract may inhibit not only the growth of these typical intestinal bacteria but also the growth of other types of intestinal bacteria such as Clostridium and Bacteroides, a so-called "bad bacteria". If the tannin extract from A. mearnsii bark inhibits growth of these "bad bacteria" in vivo evaluation, the extracts might be usable as a new dietary supplement, which could control the human intestinal microbiome to keep the body healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Ogawa
- Mimozax Co., Ltd., 4291-1, Miyauchi, Hatsukaichi-shi, Hiroshima 738-0034, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yazaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Jaffri SB, Ahmad KS. Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. fabricated ZnO nano falcates and its photocatalytic and dose dependent in vitro bio-activity. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractZinc oxide nano falcates of sickle shape have been synthesized fromPrunus cerasiferapomological extract as a reducing cum stabilizing agent via novel, biomimetic and non-toxic route. Zinc oxide nano falcates were analyzed via ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Highly stable zinc oxide nano falcates synthesized at 200°C and 400°C calcination temperatures expressed intense UV-vis peak at 398 nm. Phenolic and amino groups were revealed by FTIR in pomological extract. Wurtzite crystalline structure of zinc oxide nano falcates was confirmed by XRD with average crystal size of 4.93 nm. SEM sizes ranged between 72.11-120 nm and 56.57-107.70 nm, respectively and shown higher polydispersity levels for two calcination temperatures. Augmented photocatalytic degradation of methyl red and bromophenol blue under direct solar irradiance shown pseudo first order kinetics (R2= 0.99 and 0.96). Furthermore, biomedical and agriculturally important pathogenic strains i.e.,Xanthomanas axonopodispv.citriandPseudomonas syringae,Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus terreus,Penicillium chrysogenum,Fusarium solaniandLasiodiplodia theobromaewere remarkably inhibited. Enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity reveals zinc oxide nano falcates promising prospects in nano bioremediation of polluted water and conversion into green nano pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Bibi Jaffri
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Isolation and Purification of Condensed Tannin from the Leaves and Branches of Prunus cerasifera and Its Structure and Bioactivities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:464-475. [PMID: 29181763 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prunus cerasifera has a rich resource and a weak utilization rate and its biological functions have been investigated. We found that the contents of total phenol (TP) in leaves and branches of Prunus cerasifera were 117.8 ± 8.8 and 100.04 ± 0.9 mg/g, respectively; the contents of soluble condensed tannin (SCT) were 73.95 ± 0.9 and 78.65 ± 4.1 mg/g, respectively; the structure of SCT containing afzelechin/epiafzelechin, catechin/epicatechin, and atechin/epicatechin as the main units and the SCT from leaves and branches exhibited better anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities. This study could clarify Prunus cerasifera condensed tannin resource availability and lay a theoretical foundation for its development as a natural antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor.
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