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Yu X, Zhai X, Wu J, Feng Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Zhou Q. Evolving perspectives regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166881. [PMID: 37696462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an increasing global health problem and is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Traditional therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, have made limited progress in enhancing their efficacy for advanced GC. The development of immunotherapy for advanced GC has considerably improved with a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is a new therapeutic option that has made substantial advances in the treatment of other malignancies and is increasingly used in other clinical oncology treatments. Particularly, therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have been effectively used in the clinical treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed for cancer immunotherapy to enhance T cell function to restore the immune response and represent a breakthrough in the treatment of GC. This review provides an outline of the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and its expression characteristics and clinical application in advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Digestive Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhu G, Cai H, Xiao Q, Zeng S, Jiang X, Liu D. GRB7 plays a promoting role in the progression of gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1262. [PMID: 38129809 PMCID: PMC10734061 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a clinically common tumor, showing an upward trend of both incidence and mortality. GRB7 has been identified as a vital regulator in tumor progression. This study aims to uncover the biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer process. METHODS immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using a tissue microarray (TMA), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of genes. Furthermore, gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MGC-803 were transfected with short hairpin RNAs against GRB7. The biological function of GRB7 in gastric cancer cells were examined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays. Then, in vivo tumor formation assay was conducted to explore the effects of GRB7 on tumor growth. Finally, expression levels of proteins related to cell functions were determined by Western blotting. Coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay was performed to assess the protein-protein interaction. RESULTS GRB7 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and its expression was inversely proportional to survival of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, GRB7 knockdown inhibited proliferative, migratory abilities, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Further study suggested that GRB7 silencing could suppress gastric cancer tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, our study uncovered an important interaction between GRB7 and MyD88. Silencing MyD88 was observed to alleviate the malignant phenotypes promoted by GRB7 in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study provided evidence that GRB7 may be an effective molecular targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shukun Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of JiangXi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Donglan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
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3
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Cappuzzello E, Vigolo E, D’Accardio G, Astori G, Rosato A, Sommaggio R. How can Cytokine-induced killer cells overcome CAR-T cell limits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229540. [PMID: 37675107 PMCID: PMC10477668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of patients affected by B-cell malignancies with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells represented a breakthrough in the field of adoptive cell therapy (ACT). However, CAR-T therapy is not an option for every patient, and several needs remain unmet. In particular, the production of CAR-T cells is expensive, labor-intensive and logistically challenging; additionally, the toxicities deriving from CAR-T cells infusion, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), have been documented extensively. Alternative cellular therapy products such as Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have the potential to overcome some of these obstacles. CIK cells are a heterogeneous population of polyclonal CD3+CD56+ T cells with phenotypic and functional properties of NK cells. CIK cell cytotoxicity is exerted in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner through the engagement of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) molecules, against a wide range of hematological and solid tumors without the need for prior antigen exposure or priming. The foremost potential of CIK cells lies in the very limited ability to induce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) reactions in the allogeneic setting. CIK cells are produced with a simple and extremely efficient expansion protocol, which leads to a massive expansion of effector cells and requires a lower financial commitment compared to CAR-T cells. Indeed, CAR-T manufacturing involves the engineering with expensive GMP-grade viral vectors in centralized manufacturing facilities, whereas CIK cell production is successfully performed in local academic GMP facilities, and CIK cell treatment is now licensed in many countries. Moreover, the toxicities observed for CAR-T cells are not present in CIK cell-treated patients, thus further reducing the costs associated with hospitalization and post-infusion monitoring of patients, and ultimately encouraging the delivery of cell therapies in the outpatient setting. This review aims to give an overview of the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy and outline how the use of CIK cells could overcome such drawbacks thanks to their unique features. We highlight the undeniable advantages of using CIK cells as a therapeutic product, underlying the opportunity for further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Emilia Vigolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Accardio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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4
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Yang WJ, Zhao HP, Yu Y, Wang JH, Guo L, Liu JY, Pu J, Lv J. Updates on global epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2452-2468. [PMID: 37179585 PMCID: PMC10167900 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is defined as the primary epithelial malignancy derived from the stomach, and it is a complicated and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors. Despite its overall declining trend of incidence and mortality in various countries over the past few decades, GC remains the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although the global burden of GC has shown a significant downward trend, it remains severe in certain areas, such as Asia. GC ranks third in incidence and mortality among all cancer types in China, and it accounts for nearly 44.0% and 48.6% of new GC cases and GC-related deaths in the world, respectively. The regional differences in GC incidence and mortality are obvious, and annual new cases and deaths are increasing rapidly in some developing regions. Therefore, early preventive and screening strategies for GC are urgently needed. The clinical efficacies of conventional treatments for GC are limited, and the developing understanding of GC pathogenesis has increased the demand for new therapeutic regimens, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The present review describes the epidemiology of GC worldwide, especially in China, summarizes its risk and prognostic factors, and focuses on novel immunotherapies to develop therapeutic strategies for the management of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Han Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Ye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
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5
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Li M, Tao J, Qian R, Jiang F, Song Y, Zeng Z, Cai C. Development of alternative herbals remedy for gastric cancer based on transcriptomic analysis of immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1086368. [PMID: 36936437 PMCID: PMC10020191 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1086368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Screening out potential herbal medicines and herbal ingredients for the treatment of gastric cancer based on transcriptomic analysis of immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Methods: Gene expression profiles of gastric tumour tissues and normal tissue samples were obtained from the GEO database and the samples were analysed for immune cell infiltration condition and differential expressed genes of ferroptosis. Key genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) and enrichment analysis, and molecular docking was used to predict and preliminary validate potential herbal and traditional Chinese medicine components for gastric cancer based on the key genes. Finally, RT-QPCR was used to validate the prediction results. Results: Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed high levels of infiltration of activated CD4 memory T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages in gastric tumor tissues, while plasma cells and resting mast cells had higher levels of infiltration in the paraneoplastic tissues. Differential gene expression analysis identified 1,012 upregulated genes and 880 downregulated genes, of which 84 immune related differentially expressed genes such as CTSB, PGF and PLAU and 10 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes such as HSF1, NOX4 and NF2 were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The results of enrichment analysis showed that they mainly involve 343 biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization and extracellular structural organization; 37 cellular components such as complexes of collagen trimer and basement membrane; 35 molecular functions such as signal receptor activator activity and receptor ligand activity; 19 regulatory pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and retinol metabolism. Finally, two key genes, TLR4 and KRAS, were selected and 12 herbal medicines such as Radix Salviae liguliobae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Polygoni cuspidati and 27 herbal ingredients such as resveratrol, salvianolic acid b were predicted on the basis of key genes. Molecular docking results showed that KRAS binds tightly to coumarin and magnolol, while TLR4 can bind tightly to resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid b, shikonin. Subsequently, the effect of resveratrol and magnolol was experimentally verified. Conclusion: Herbal medicines such as S. liguliobae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma P. cuspidati and herbal ingredients such as resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid b may provide research directions and alternative therapeutic approaches for immunomodulation of TME and ferroptosis of tumour cells in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinzhi Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicong Zeng, ; Changlong Cai,
| | - Changlong Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shenzhen Bao’an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhicong Zeng, ; Changlong Cai,
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6
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Faghfuri E, Shadbad MA, Faghfouri AH, Soozangar N. Cellular immunotherapy in gastric cancer: adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:475-488. [PMID: 35232264 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies. Recent studies have highlighted cellular immunotherapy (CI) as a promising approach for treating this disease. Among the CI-based approaches, adoptive cell therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccination are commonly studied in preclinical and clinical trials. Here we review the current evidence on the potentiality of CI in treating GC, the targets for adoptive cell therapy, ongoing clinical trials, constraints and the future outlook. The results suggest that there is a need to identify novel biomarkers that predict which GC patients will most likely respond to these approaches. Also, CI plus chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve the survival of patients with late-stage GC. Therefore, this approach can be promising for treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | | | - Narges Soozangar
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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7
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Ren F, Zhao Q, Zhao M, Zhu S, Liu B, Bukhari I, Zhang K, Wu W, Fu Y, Yu Y, Tang Y, Zheng P, Mi Y. Immune infiltration profiling in gastric cancer and their clinical implications. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3569-3584. [PMID: 34251747 PMCID: PMC8409427 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and type of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influence immunotherapy and tumor progression. However, the role of immune cells in the TME of gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. We studied the correlations, proportion, and infiltration of immune and stromal cells in GC tumors. Data analyses showed a significant association of infiltration levels of specific immune cells with the pathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of GC. Furthermore, based on the difference in infiltration levels of immune and stromal cells, GC patients were divided into two categories, those with "immunologically hot" (hot) tumors and those with "immunologically cold" (cold) tumors. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the hot and cold tumors had altered epigenomic and transcriptional profiles. Claudin-3 (CLDN3) was found to have high expression in the cold tumors and negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells in GC. Overexpression of CLDN3 in GC cells inhibited the expression of MHC-I and CXCL9. Finally, the differentially expressed genes between hot and cold tumors were utilized to generate a prognostic model, which predicted the overall survival of GC as well as patients with immunotherapy. Overall, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of the immune cell infiltration pattern in GC and provided an accurate model for predicting the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer of Henan Province, Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghai Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaogong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People' s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer of Henan Province, Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ihtisham Bukhari
- Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer of Henan Province, Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer of Henan Province, Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori, Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer of Henan Province, Marshall Medical Research Center, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Chen R, Yang M, Huang W, Wang B. Cascades between miRNAs, lncRNAs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in gastric cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:769. [PMID: 34055068 PMCID: PMC8145527 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common digestive tract malignancy that is mainly treated with surgery combined with perioperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and biological targeted therapy. However, the diagnosis rate of early gastric cancer is low and both postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis are thorny problems. Therefore, it is essential to study the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and search for more effective means of treatment. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are able to regulate this pathway through a variety of mechanisms. Understanding these interrelated molecular mechanisms is helpful in guiding improvements in gastric cancer treatment. In the present review, the functional associations between miRNAs, lncRNAs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in the occurrence, development and prognosis of gastric cancer were discussed. It was concluded that miRNAs and lncRNAs have complex relations with the NF-κB signaling pathway in gastric cancer. miRNAs/target genes/NF-κB/target proteins, signaling molecules/NF-κB/miRNAs/target genes, lncRNAs/miRNAs/NF-κB/genes or mRNAs, lncRNAs/target genes/NF-Κb/target proteins, and lncRNAs/NF-κB/target proteins cascades are all important factors in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiu Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology (2016TP1015), Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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9
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Song L, Guo X, Zhao F, Wang W, Zhao Z, Jin L, Wu C, Yao J, Ma Z. TTC36 inactivation induce malignant properties via Wnt-β-catenin pathway in gastric carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:2598-2609. [PMID: 33854620 PMCID: PMC8040709 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tetratricopeptide repeat (TRP)-mediated cofactor proteins are involved in a wide range of cancers. TTC36 is little studied member of TRP subfamily. This study aimed to investigate the role of TTC36 in human gastric carcinoma (GC) and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: The analysis of TTC36 differential expression in GC was conducted using data from TCGA and a human tissue microarray. And effects of TTC36 expression on the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma were analyzed using the data from the GEO database. Lentivirus was transfected into the cell lines of AGS and BGC823 to construct overexpression and knocked down TTC36 cell model respectively. The effect of TTC36 expression on the growth, apoptosis and cell cycle of cells was explored in vitro. Downstream molecules were detected by western blotting. GSEA predicted signal pathway and related proteins were then detected. Results: TTC36 expression in human GC tissues was found significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues and closely related to clinical prognosis. The overexpression of TTC36 notably inhibited tumor progression, cell cycle G1/S transfer and increased apoptosis in AGS cells. Conversely, the opposite effects were observed when TTC36 was suppressed in BGC823 cells. The expression of cleaved caspase3, Survivin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc were consistent with the phenotype in TTC36 operated GC cell lines. Intriguingly, GSEA analysis predicted Wnt-β-catenin pathway involved in TTC36 induced effects in GC cells, expression of β-catenin and downstream molecules such as TCF4, c-jun and pAKT were found negative related to TTC36 expression in GC cells. Notably, treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 dramatically attenuated the effects of TTC36 in GC cells. Conclusion: These results signify a critical role for TTC36 as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma via regulating Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.,Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaonong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.,Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhifang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Chengli Wu
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jibin Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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10
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Heo YJ, Lee T, Byeon SJ, Kim EJ, Shin HC, Kim B, Kang SY, Ha SY, Kim KM. Digital image analysis in pathologist-selected regions of interest predicts survival more accurately than whole-slide analysis: a direct comparison study in 153 gastric carcinomas. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 7:42-51. [PMID: 32885920 PMCID: PMC7737754 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Automatic quantification of biomarkers such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and PD‐L1 is one of the most studied topics in digital pathology image analysis (DIA). However, direct comparison between the DIA of a whole‐slide image (WSI) and that of regions of interest (ROIs) chosen by pathologists has not been performed. In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment markers CD8 and PD‐L1, measured by DIA of WSIs and ROIs. We selected 153 primary gastric cancer tissues and stained them with CD8 and PD‐L1. All IHC slides were scanned at ×200 magnification and ratios of CD8 and PD‐L1 were measured in WSIs and ROIs from the invasive front, within the tumor, and the mucosa. Patients with high CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios showed more favorable outcomes compared to those with low ratios. Pathologist‐aided DIA predicted the survival of patients more accurately than WSI analysis (CD8, p = 0.025 versus p = 0.068; PD‐L1, p = 0.008 versus p = 0.2). Although a high density of CD8+ T cells at the invasive front correlated best with patient survival, CD8 ratio in the mucosa could also predict patient outcome. In conclusion, CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios measured by pathologist‐aided DIA predicted survival more accurately than WSI analyses and ROIs at the invasive front correlated best with patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebum Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Chan Shin
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Novel Immunotherapeutic Approach in Gastric Cancer. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is suitable for immunotherapy because 80% of it display microsatellite and chromosomal instability, some mutations and DNA hypermethylation. Therefore, GC is more immunogenic. The immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, adoptive cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition are discussed. The commonly used monoclonal antibodies are Trastuzumab targeting HER2 and Bevacizumab suppressing VEGF and tumor angiogenesis. Treatment with tumor-specific T cells is called adoptive cell therapy. There is experience with the application of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK). This review discusses the therapy with innate immune cells with anti-tumor activity such as dendritic cells and NK cells. The checkpoint inhibition was also reviewed. In conclusion, it could be stated that the immunotherapy of GC has the potential to provide a more favorable outcome to patients with GC, but it also have some limitations which need to be considered.
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12
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CAR-T Cell Therapy-An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061894. [PMID: 32560392 PMCID: PMC7355670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and, unfortunately, still has a high mortality rate. Recent research points to CAR-T immunotherapy as a promising treatment for this disease. Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a previously selected antigen, researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells. For therapy to be successful, however, it is essential to choose antigens that are present on tumor cells but not on healthy cells. In this review, we present an overview of the most important targets for CAR-T therapy in the context of GC, including their biologic function and therapeutic application. A number of clinical studies point to the following as important markers in GC: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, carcinoembryonic antigen, mucin 1, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, claudin 18.2, mesothelin, natural-killer receptor group 2 member D, and folate receptor 1. Although these markers have been met with some success, the search for new and improved targets continues. Key among these novel biomarkers are the B7H6 ligand, actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP 2/3), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), desmocollin 2 (DSC2), anion exchanger 1 (AF1), and cancer-related antigens CA-72-4 and CA-19-9.
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13
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Jiang H, Shi Z, Wang P, Wang C, Yang L, Du G, Zhang H, Shi B, Jia J, Li Q, Wang H, Li Z. Claudin18.2-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineered T Cells for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:409-418. [PMID: 30203099 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2), a gastric-specific membrane protein, has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer and other cancer types. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells redirected to CLDN18.2 have the potential to be used in the treatment of this deadly disease. METHODS CLDN18.2-specific humanized antibodies were developed using hybridoma and humanization technology. CLDN18.2-specific CAR T cells were prepared by lentiviral vector transduction. In vitro antitumor activities and cytokine production of the CAR T cells to gastric cancer cell lines were examined by cytotoxicity and ELISA assay. In vivo antitumor activities of CAR T cells were evaluated in mice bearing gastric cancer cell line and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models (n ≥ 6 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Humanized CLDN18.2-specific hu8E5 and hu8E5-2I single-chain fragment variables (scFv) were successfully developed. CLDN18.2-specific CAR T cells were developed using hu8E5 or hu8E5-2I scFv as targeting moieties. Both hu8E5-28Z and hu8E5-2I-28Z CAR T cells comprising the CD28 costimulatory domain potently suppressed tumor growth in a cancer cell line xenograft mouse model (mean [SD] tumor volume: hu8E5-28Z = 118.0 [108.6] mm3 and hu8E5-2I-28Z group = 75.5 [118.7] mm3 vs untransduced T cell group = 731.8 [206.3] mm3 at day 29 after tumor inoculation, P < .001). Partial or complete tumor elimination was observed in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer PDX models treated with the hu8E5-2I-28Z CAR T cells (P < .001), which persist well in vivo and infiltrate efficiently into the tumor tissues. Although the CLDN18.2 CAR T cells could lyse target cells expressing murine CLDN18.2 (mCLDN18.2), no obvious deleterious effect on the normal organs including the gastric tissues was observed in the mice. CONCLUSIONS CLDN18.2-specific CAR T cells could be a promising treatment strategy for gastric cancer and potentially other CLDN18.2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peng Wang
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guoxiu Du
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
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14
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Moore A, Hikri E, Goshen-Lago T, Barkan T, Morgenstern S, Brook E, Maderer A, Roth W, Gordon N, Kashtan H, Brenner B, Moehler M, Aharon IB. Young-onset gastric cancer and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) - a major player in the pathogenesis? BMC Cancer 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 31937281 PMCID: PMC6961297 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer death, occurs predominantly in older age, with increasing incidence in young patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas indicates four subtypes for GC among which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) subtype is estimated at 8.7%. We aim to determine the prevalence of EBV subtype in young GC patients (≤45 years) compared with an average-onset cohort (≥55 years) and characterize the clinicopathologic pattern of young-onset GC. Methods Gastric cancer samples of patients of both cohorts were screened for EBV by qPCR. Additional staining was done for Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), microsatellite instability (MSI) status and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Demographics and clinical data were retrieved from the medical records. Results Thirty-nine young-onset and 35 average-onset GC patients were reviewed. There was no apparent difference in tumor location, family history, histology and HER2 status between the cohorts. More young-onset patients were diagnosed with metastatic disease (27% vs 9%, p = 0.0498). EBV was significantly more prevalent in the young-onset cohort (33% vs 11%, p = 0.025). 15/17 EBV positive patients were under the median age of diagnosis for GC in the US (68 years). MSI-H was found only in the average-onset cohort [0% vs 27%, p = 0.001). PD-L1 positivity was higher in the young-onset cohort (31% vs 3%, p = 0.002). Conclusion Our study indicates that EBV subtype is more prevalent in young-onset GC and may play a key role in the pathogenesis. Higher rate of PD-L1 positivity in young-onset GC could change treatment strategies. We are currently evaluating these findings in a prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Moore
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Elad Hikri
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Goshen-Lago
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tamar Barkan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Morgenstern
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Elena Brook
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Annett Maderer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Tissue Bank and Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Noa Gordon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Hanoch Kashtan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of surgery B, Beilinson campus, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Markus Moehler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irit Ben Aharon
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Ze'ev Jabotinsky Rd 39, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Yang X, Pan W, Xu G, Chen L. Mitophagy: A crucial modulator in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:245-254. [PMID: 31730816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an autophagic process through which damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria are specifically degraded to maintain cellular homeostasis. It is highly regulated by various signaling pathways such as the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin and NIP3-like protein X (NIX)/BNIP3 pathways. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in inducing some pathological processes. Notably, some evidence suggesting the association of mitophagy with the occurrence of chronic diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis (AS), and myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury is available. Particularly, it has been reported that mitophagy could hinder the development of PD by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway and acting as a defense mechanism against the induction of diabetes. Conversely, the induction of mitophagy plays dual roles in driving the process of cancer, AS, and MIR injury. In this review, we have explained the role and regulatory mechanisms through which mitophagy plays a role in these chronic pathologies. Importantly, the pharmacological targeting of mitophagy might prove to be a potential alternative for the treatment of these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Weinan Pan
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, No.345 Bachelor's Road, Yue Lu Science and Technology Industrial Park, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaosheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Yueyang 414000, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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16
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Chang YH, Heo YJ, Cho J, Song SY, Lee J, Kim KM. Computational measurement of tumor immune microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinomas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13887. [PMID: 30224753 PMCID: PMC6141531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of four groups of tumor immune microenvironments (TME) based on PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) is a reliable biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. We classified the TME in 241 gastric cancers which were subdivided according to 40 EBV+, 76 microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and 125 EBV-/microsatellite-stable (MSS) subtypes by quantitative image analysis (QIA) and correlated the results with mRNA expression levels. The mean PD-L1 ratio and CD8 ratio in EBV+, MSI-H, and EBV−/MSS GCs were significantly different (P < 0.006). The PD-L1 ratio and CD8 ratio obtained by QIA correlated well with the RNA levels of PD-L1 (r = 0.63) and CD8 (r = 0.67), respectively. The TME were type I (PD-L1H/CD8H) in 45, type II (PD-L1L/CD8L) in 106, type III (PD-L1H/CD8L) in 8, and type IV (PD-L1L/CD8H) in 82 cases. The type I TME was significantly associated with high TIL (P = 3.0E-11) and EBV+ status (P = 8.55E-08). In conclusion, QIA results correlated well with the mRNA expression levels and classified TME of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology & Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology & Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology & Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Yan H, Xiao F, Zou J, Qiu C, Sun W, Gu M, Zhang L. NR4A1-induced increase in the sensitivity of a human gastric cancer line to TNFα-mediated apoptosis is associated with the inhibition of JNK/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:367-378. [PMID: 29207128 PMCID: PMC5741370 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-based immunotherapy is the vital host defense system against the progression of gastric cancer (GC) as a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic cytokine. However, resistance limits its therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the development of drugs or methods with which to enhance the treatment efficacy of TNFα. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) has been shown to exert antitumor effects through several mechanisms, such as by inhibiting proliferation, as well as pro-apoptotic and potent pro-oxidant effects. In this study, we examined the effects and mechanisms of action of NR4A1 on the apoptosis of GC cells treated with TNFα, with particular focus on mitochondrial homeostasis. We found that TNFα treatment decreased NR4A1 expression. Moreover, the overexpression of NR4A1 in the presence of TNFα further increased GC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the overexpression of NR4A1 augmented caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and the leakage of cytochrome c (Cyt-c) leakage. Moreover, NR4A1 overexpression also evoked mitochondrial energy disorder via the suppression of mitochondrial respiratory complex expression. Furthermore, we found that TNFα treatment activated Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Excessive Parkin-dependent mitophagy blocked mitochondrial apoptosis, undermining the toxic effects of TNFα on cells. However, NR4A1 overexpression suppressed Parkin-dependent mitophagy via the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Re-activation of the JNK/Parkin pathway abrogated the inhibitory effects of NR4A1 on mitophagy, eventually limiting cell apoptosis. Collectively, this study confirmed that NR4A1 sensitizes GC cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of JNK/Parkin-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137
| | - Jue Zou
- Department of Pathology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137
| | - Chengmin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
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18
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Chen X, Jin R, Chen R, Huang Z. Complementary action of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1036-1045. [PMID: 31938199 PMCID: PMC6958037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) is a class of secreted growth factor that signals through a G-protein coupled receptor. CXCL protein family members play important roles in inflammation and aberrant expression is associated with growth and progression of certain tumors. To explore the expression pattern and action mechanism of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in development of gastric carcinoma (GC), 72 cases of GC and para-carcinoma tissue specimens were used for experimental study, and qPCR was used for analysis on the expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 in GC specimens. For in vitro culture of GC cell HGC27, knockout of CXCL1 and CXCL8 genes for GC cell HGC27 was performed through RNA interference, proliferation of HGC27 cells was tested by MTT, apoptosis of HGC27 cells was tested by flow cytometry, and the influence of CXCL1 and CXCL8 on HGC27 cell migration was tested by transwell. CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression level in HGC27 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) was used for identifying interaction of CXCL1 and CXCL8 with CXCR2 in GC cells. The results show that both CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression were significantly up-regulated. Relevant clinical data showed that low expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 significantly correlated with features for poor prognosis of GC, including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor size, and TNM staging. Down-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL8 may up-regulate expression of each other and thus silencing expression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 may significantly inhibit proliferation and migration capabilities of HGC27 cells, and induce the apoptosis. Downregulated CXCL1 and CXCL8 expression in GC cells may significantly intensify interaction of one another and with CXCR2. The above results indicate that CXCL1 and CXCL8 participate in GC proliferation, apoptosis, and migration processes through specific binding with CXCR2 by a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University P. R. China
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19
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Guoping M, Ran L, Yanru Q. miR-143 Inhibits Cell Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Targeting GATA6. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1023-1029. [PMID: 29321084 PMCID: PMC7844708 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15151515028670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in the progression of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). miR-143 had been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in GC. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how miR-143 participates in GC progression remains to be determined. In this present study, we revealed that the expression of miR-143 was significantly downregulated in human GC tissues and cell lines compared with normal tissues and a normal gastric epithelium cell line. In addition, upregulation of the expression of miR-143 in a GC cell line inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, GATA6 was identified as a direct target of miR-143 in GC using the luciferase reporter assay. Upregulation of miR-143 inhibited the expression of GATA6 in GC cell lines. Moreover, the overexpression of GATA6 could attenuate the effect of miR-143 on cell proliferation in the GC cell lines. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-143 plays a tumor suppressor role partly through regulating the expression of GATA6 in GC. Therefore, targeting miR-143 may be a novel therapeutic method for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Guoping
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Liu Ran
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yanru
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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20
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Kim YJ, Hwang KC, Kim SW, Lee YC. Potential miRNA-target interactions for the screening of gastric carcinoma development in gastric adenoma/dysplasia. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:610-616. [PMID: 29725252 PMCID: PMC5930463 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although miRNA markers have been identified for the pathological development of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), the underlying molecule mechanism are still not fully understood. Moreover, some gastric adenoma/dysplasia may progress to GAC. In this study, the miRNA expression profiles in normal and paired low-/high-grade dysplasia were analyzed using Affymetrix Gene-Chip miRNA arrays. Of the total 2578 mature miRNA probe sets, ~1600 showed positive signals when the between normal and paired low-/high-grade dysplasia were compared. To verify the miRNA expression, qRT-PCR analysis was performed to quantify the expression of altered miRNAs between normal and paired low-/high-grade dysplasia. The analysis revealed that hsa-miR-421, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, and hsa-miR-27b-5p were overexpressed in gastric low-/high-grade dysplasia and that based on these miRNA-target interactions, FBXO11 and CREBZF could be considered convincing markers for gastric cancer (GC) progression. Thus, we identified three miRNAs (hsa-miR-421, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, and hsa-miR-27b-5p) with two mRNAs (FBXO11 and CREBZF) that might play an important role in the GC development from premalignant adenomas. Furthermore, these two target mRNAs and three miRNAs were predicted to be potential biomarkers for the progression of GC by miRNA-target interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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