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Xiong H, Qiu H, Wang C, Qiu Y, Tan S, Chen K, Zhao F, Song J. Melatonin-loaded bioactive microspheres accelerate aged bone regeneration by formation of tunneling nanotubes to enhance mitochondrial transfer. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101175. [PMID: 39171100 PMCID: PMC11334827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects in the elderly individuals is significantly delayed due to cellular senescence and dysfunction, which presents a challenge in clinical settings. Furthermore, there are limited effective methods available to promote bone repair in older individuals. Herein, melatonin-loaded mesoporous bioactive glasses microspheres (MTBG) were successfully prepared based on their mesoporous properties. The repair of bone defects in aged rats was significantly accelerated by enhancing mitochondrial function through the sustained release of melatonin and bioactive ions. MTBG effectively rejuvenated senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and increasing ATP synthesis. Analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) facilitated the intercellular transfer of mitochondria, thereby resulting in the recovery of mitochondrial function. This study provides critical insights into the design of new biomaterials for the elderly individuals and the biological mechanism involved in aged bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacui Xiong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yonghao Qiu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
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2
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Hu H, Li H, Li R, Liu P, Liu H. Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance. J Transl Med 2024; 22:663. [PMID: 39010157 PMCID: PMC11251255 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The T-helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T cell (Treg) axis plays a crucial role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is regarded as an immune imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated therapies have received increasing attention in MS research. In MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, MSC injection was shown to alter the differentiation of CD4+T cells. This alteration occurred by inducing anergy and reduction in the number of Th17 cells, stimulating the polarization of antigen-specific Treg to reverse the imbalance of the Th17/Treg axis, reducing the inflammatory cascade response and demyelination, and restoring an overall state of immune tolerance. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which MSCs regulate the balance between Th17 cells and Tregs, including extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial transfer, metabolic reprogramming, and autophagy. We aimed to identify new targets for MS treatment using cellular therapy by analyzing MSC-mediated Th17-to-Treg polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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3
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Raab JE, Hamilton DJ, Harju TB, Huynh TN, Russo BC. Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells. Infect Immun 2024:e0052423. [PMID: 38661369 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens, the ability to spread directly into adjacent epithelial cells is an essential step for disease in humans. For pathogens such as Shigella, Listeria, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia, this intercellular movement frequently requires the pathogens to manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton and deform the plasma membrane into structures known as protrusions, which extend into neighboring cells. The protrusion is then typically resolved into a double-membrane vacuole (DMV) from which the pathogen quickly escapes into the cytosol, where additional rounds of intercellular spread occur. Significant progress over the last few years has begun to define the mechanisms by which intracellular bacterial pathogens spread. This review highlights the interactions of bacterial and host factors that drive mechanisms required for intercellular spread with a focus on how protrusion structures form and resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Raab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Desmond J Hamilton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tucker B Harju
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Thao N Huynh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
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4
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Phua QH, Ng SY, Soh BS. Mitochondria: A Potential Rejuvenation Tool against Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:503-516. [PMID: 37815912 PMCID: PMC10917551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process encompassing both physical and cognitive decline over time. This intricate process is governed by a multitude of hallmarks and pathways, which collectively contribute to the emergence of numerous age-related diseases. In response to the remarkable increase in human life expectancy, there has been a substantial rise in research focusing on the development of anti-aging therapies and pharmacological interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a critical factor in the aging process, significantly impacts overall cellular health. In this extensive review, we will explore the contemporary landscape of anti-aging strategies, placing particular emphasis on the promising potential of mitotherapy as a ground-breaking approach to counteract the aging process. Moreover, we will investigate the successful application of mitochondrial transplantation in both animal models and clinical trials, emphasizing its translational potential. Finally, we will discuss the inherent challenges and future possibilities of mitotherapy within the realm of aging research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Department of Physiology), Singapore.
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Libring S, Berestesky ED, Reinhart-King CA. The movement of mitochondria in breast cancer: internal motility and intercellular transfer of mitochondria. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3. [PMID: 38489056 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As a major energy source for cells, mitochondria are involved in cell growth and proliferation, as well as migration, cell fate decisions, and many other aspects of cellular function. Once thought to be irreparably defective, mitochondrial function in cancer cells has found renewed interest, from suggested potential clinical biomarkers to mitochondria-targeting therapies. Here, we will focus on the effect of mitochondria movement on breast cancer progression. Mitochondria move both within the cell, such as to localize to areas of high energetic need, and between cells, where cells within the stroma have been shown to donate their mitochondria to breast cancer cells via multiple methods including tunneling nanotubes. The donation of mitochondria has been seen to increase the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, which has increased recent efforts to uncover the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer. As metabolism and energetics are gaining attention as clinical targets, a better understanding of mitochondrial function and implications in cancer are required for developing effective, targeted therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Emily D Berestesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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6
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Matejka N, Amarlou A, Neubauer J, Rudigkeit S, Reindl J. High-Resolution Microscopic Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes in Living U87 MG and LN229 Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2024; 13:464. [PMID: 38474428 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are fine, nanometer-sized membrane connections between distant cells that provide an efficient communication tool for cellular organization. TNTs are thought to play a critical role in cellular behavior, particularly in cancer cells. The treatment of aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma remains challenging due to their high potential for developing therapy resistance, high infiltration rates, uncontrolled cell growth, and other aggressive features. A better understanding of the cellular organization via cellular communication through TNTs could help to find new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigate the properties of TNTs in two glioblastoma cell lines, U87 MG and LN229, including measurements of their diameter by high-resolution live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an analysis of their length, morphology, lifetime, and formation by live-cell confocal microscopy. In addition, we discuss how these fine compounds can ideally be studied microscopically. In particular, we show which membrane-labeling method is suitable for studying TNTs in glioblastoma cells and demonstrate that live-cell studies should be preferred to explore the role of TNTs in cellular behavior. Our observations on TNT formation in glioblastoma cells suggest that TNTs could be involved in cell migration and serve as guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Matejka
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Asieh Amarlou
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Neubauer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Rudigkeit
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Judith Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Measurement Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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7
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Wal P, Wal A, Vig H, Mahmood D, Khan MMU. Potential Applications of Mitochondrial Therapy with a Focus on Parkinson's Disease and Mitochondrial Transplantation. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:147-160. [PMID: 38585467 PMCID: PMC10997929 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Both aging and neurodegenerative illnesses are thought to be influenced by mitochondrial malfunction and free radical formation. Deformities of the energy metabolism, mitochondrial genome polymorphisms, nuclear DNA genetic abnormalities associated with mitochondria, modifications of mitochondrial fusion or fission, variations in shape and size, variations in transit, modified mobility of mitochondria, transcription defects, and the emergence of misfolded proteins associated with mitochondria are all linked to Parkinson's disease. Methods This review is a condensed compilation of data from research that has been published between the years of 2014 and 2022, using search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Results Mitochondrial transplantation is a one-of-a-kind treatment for mitochondrial diseases and deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis. The replacement of malfunctioning mitochondria with transplanted viable mitochondria using innovative methodologies has shown promising outcomes as a cure for Parkinson's, involving tissue sparing coupled with enhanced energy generation and lower oxidative damage. Numerous mitochondria-targeted therapies, including mitochondrial gene therapy, redox therapy, and others, have been investigated for their effectiveness and potency. Conclusion The development of innovative therapeutics for mitochondria-directed treatments in Parkinson's disease may be aided by optimizing mitochondrial dynamics. Many neurological diseases have been studied in animal and cellular models, and it has been found that mitochondrial maintenance can slow the death of neuronal cells. It has been hypothesized that drug therapies for neurodegenerative diseases that focus on mitochondrial dysfunction will help to delay the onset of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Himangi Vig
- Pharmacy Department, PSIT- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, (PHARMACY) Kanpur-Agra-Delhi National Highway (NH-2), Bhauti-Kanpur-209305
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Tripathi K, Ben-Shachar D. Mitochondria in the Central Nervous System in Health and Disease: The Puzzle of the Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondrial Transplantation. Cells 2024; 13:410. [PMID: 38474374 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy suppliers of the cells, play a central role in a variety of cellular processes essential for survival or leading to cell death. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in numerous general and CNS disorders. The clinical manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the immune system, tumorigenesis, and neuronal and behavioral abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial role in the CNS, which has unique characteristics and is therefore highly dependent on the mitochondria. First, we review the role of mitochondria in neuronal development, synaptogenesis, plasticity, and behavior as well as their adaptation to the intricate connections between the different cell types in the brain. Then, we review the sparse knowledge of the mechanisms of exogenous mitochondrial uptake and describe attempts to determine their half-life and transplantation long-term effects on neuronal sprouting, cellular proteome, and behavior. We further discuss the potential of mitochondrial transplantation to serve as a tool to study the causal link between mitochondria and neuronal activity and behavior. Next, we describe mitochondrial transplantation's therapeutic potential in various CNS disorders. Finally, we discuss the basic and reverse-translation challenges of this approach that currently hinder the clinical use of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Neuroscience, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
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9
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Jing M, Xiong X, Mao X, Song Q, Zhang L, Ouyang Y, Pang Y, Fu Y, Yan W. HMGB1 promotes mitochondrial transfer between hepatocellular carcinoma cells through RHOT1 and RAC1 under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:155. [PMID: 38378644 PMCID: PMC10879213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer plays an important role in various diseases, and many mitochondrial biological functions can be regulated by HMGB1. To explore the role of mitochondrial transfer in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with HMGB1, field emission scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to detect the mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells. We found that mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells was confirmed using tunnel nanotubes (TNTs). The transfer of mitochondria from the highly invasive HCC cells to the less invasive HCC cells could enhance the migration and invasion ability of the latter. The hypoxic conditions increased the mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells. Then the mechanism was identified using co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that RHOT1, a mitochondrial transport protein, promoted mitochondrial transfer and the migration and metastasis of HCC cells during this process. Under hypoxia, HMGB1 further regulated RHOT1 expression by increasing the expression of NFYA and NFYC subunits of the NF-Y complex. RAC1, a protein associated with TNTs formation, promoted mitochondrial transfer and HCC development. Besides, HMGB1 regulated RAC1 aggregation to the cell membrane under hypoxia. Finally, the changes and significance of related molecules in clinical samples of HCC were analyzed using bioinformatics and tissue microarray analyses. We found that HCC patients with high HMGB1, RHOT1, or RAC1 expression exhibited a relatively shorter overall survival period. In conclusion, under hypoxic conditions, HMGB1 promoted mitochondrial transfer and migration and invasion of HCC cells by increasing the expression of mitochondrial transport protein RHOT1 and TNTs formation-related protein RAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianben Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lumiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiming Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yingzhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Ciubuc-Batcu MT, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP, Renshaw GMC. A mitochondrial nexus in major depressive disorder: Integration with the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166920. [PMID: 37913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system processes, including cognition and affective state, fundamentally rely on mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting cumulative detrimental influences of both extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, genetic predisposition, and mutation. Glucocorticoid 'stress' pathways converge on mitochondria; oxidative and nitrosative stresses in MDD are largely mitochondrial in origin; both initiate cascades promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage with disruptions to mitochondrial biogenesis and tryptophan catabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates proinflammatory dysbiosis while directly triggering immuno-inflammatory activation via released mtDNA, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), further disrupting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, promoting the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (confirmed in autopsy studies). Established and putative mechanisms highlight a mitochondrial nexus within the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network implicated in MDD. Whether lowering neuronal resilience and thresholds for disease, or linking mechanistic nodes within the MDD pathogenic network, impaired mitochondrial function emerges as an important risk, a functional biomarker, providing a therapeutic target in MDD. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to reset mitochondrial function, which could benefit those with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ciubuc-Batcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - N J C Stapelberg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Australia
| | - G M C Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Australia.
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11
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Caicedo A, Morales E, Moyano A, Peñaherrera S, Peña-Cisneros J, Benavides-Almeida A, Pérez-Meza ÁA, Haro-Vinueza A, Ruiz C, Robayo P, Tenesaca D, Barba D, Zambrano K, Castañeda V, Singh KK. Powering prescription: Mitochondria as "Living Drugs" - Definition, clinical applications, and industry advancements. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107018. [PMID: 38013162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria's role as engines and beacons of metabolism and determinants of cellular health is being redefined through their therapeutic application as "Living Drugs" (LDs). Artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T), encompassing various techniques to modify, enrich, or restore mitochondria in cells and tissues, is revolutionizing acellular therapies and the future of medicine. This article proposes a necessary definition for LDs within the Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs) framework. While recognizing different types of LDs as ATMPs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, we focus on mitochondria due to their unique attributes that distinguish them from traditional cell therapies. These attributes include their inherent living nature, diverse sources, industry applicability, validation, customizability for therapeutic needs, and their capability to adapt and respond within recipient cells. We trace the journey from initial breakthroughs in AMT/T to the current state-of-the-art applications by emerging innovative companies, highlighting the need for manufacturing standards to navigate the transition of mitochondrial therapies from concept to clinical practice. By providing a comprehensive overview of the scientific, clinical, and commercial landscape of mitochondria as LDs, this article contributes to the essential dialogue among regulatory agencies, academia, and industry to shape their future in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Emilia Morales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Biología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Aldana Moyano
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de investigaciones biotecnológicas IIB, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Peñaherrera
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Biología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña-Cisneros
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Abigail Benavides-Almeida
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro A Pérez-Meza
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alissen Haro-Vinueza
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Biología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Ruiz
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Doménica Tenesaca
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Verónica Castañeda
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Biología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; PhD Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Dermatology and Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Geng Z, Guan S, Wang S, Yu Z, Liu T, Du S, Zhu C. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer in the brain, a new perspective for targeted treatment of central nervous system diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3121-3135. [PMID: 37424172 PMCID: PMC10580346 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Mitochondria is one of the important organelles involved in cell energy metabolism and regulation and also play a key regulatory role in abnormal cell processes such as cell stress, cell damage, and cell canceration. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria can be transferred between cells in different ways and participate in the occurrence and development of many central nervous system diseases. We aim to review the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the progress of central nervous system diseases and the possibility of targeted therapy. METHODS The PubMed databank, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databank, and Wanfang Data were searched to identify the experiments of intracellular mitochondrial transferrin central nervous system. The focus is on the donors, receptors, transfer pathways, and targeted drugs of mitochondrial transfer. RESULTS In the central nervous system, neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and tumor cells can transfer mitochondria to each other. Meanwhile, there are many types of mitochondrial transfer, including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, receptor cell endocytosis, gap junction channels, and intercellular contact. A variety of stress signals, such as the release of damaged mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA, or other mitochondrial products and the elevation of reactive oxygen species, can trigger the transfer of mitochondria from donor cells to recipient cells. Concurrently, a variety of molecular pathways and related inhibitors can affect mitochondrial intercellular transfer. CONCLUSION This study reviews the phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer in the central nervous system and summarizes the corresponding transfer pathways. Finally, we propose targeted pathways and treatment methods that may be used to regulate mitochondrial transfer for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Geng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhongxue Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular UltrasoundThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tiancong Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shaonan Du
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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13
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Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Henderson JM, Pepe A, Zurzolo C. Identification and Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes for Intercellular Trafficking. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e939. [PMID: 37994667 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous channels providing a direct cytoplasmic connection between remote cells. They are commonly observed in different cell cultures and increasing evidence supports their role in intercellular communication, and pathogen and amyloid protein transfer. However, the study of TNTs presents several pitfalls (e.g., difficulty in preserving such delicate structures, possible confusion with other protrusions, structural and functional heterogeneity, etc.) and therefore requires thoroughly designed approaches. The methods described in this protocol represent a guideline for the characterization of TNTs (or TNT-like structures) in cell culture. Specifically, optimized protocols to (1) identify TNTs and the cytoskeletal elements present inside them; (2) evaluate TNT frequency in cell culture; (3) unambiguously distinguish them from other cellular connections or protrusions; (4) monitor their formation in living cells; (5) characterize TNTs by a micropatterning approach; and (6) investigate TNT ultrastructure by cryo-EM are provided. Finally, this article describes how to assess TNT-mediated cell-to-cell transfer of cellular components, which is a fundamental criterion for identifying functional TNTs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Identification of tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 1: Identifying the cytoskeletal elements present in tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 2: Distinguishing tunneling nanotubes from intercellular bridges formed during cell division Basic Protocol 2: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation and lifetime by live fluorescent microscopy Alternate Protocol 3: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation using a live-compatible dye Basic Protocol 3: Assessing tunneling nanotubes functionality in intercellular transfer Alternate Protocol 4: Flow cytometry approach to quantify the rate of vesicle or mitochondria transfer Support Protocol: Controls to support TNT-mediated transfer Basic Protocol 4: Studies of tunneling nanotubes by cell micropatterning Basic Protocol 5: Characterization of the ultrastructure of tunneling nanotubes by cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Kholodenko IV, Kholodenko RV, Yarygin KN. The Crosstalk between Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Hepatocytes in Homeostasis and under Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15212. [PMID: 37894893 PMCID: PMC10607347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, represent a substantial medical problem globally. The current therapeutic approaches are mainly aimed at reducing symptoms and slowing down the progression of the diseases. Organ transplantation remains the only effective treatment method in cases of severe liver pathology. In this regard, the development of new effective approaches aimed at stimulating liver regeneration, both by activation of the organ's own resources or by different therapeutic agents that trigger regeneration, does not cease to be relevant. To date, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published confirming the effectiveness of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of liver diseases of various severities and etiologies. However, despite the successful use of MSCs in clinical practice and the promising therapeutic results in animal models of liver diseases, the mechanisms of their protective and regenerative action remain poorly understood. Specifically, data about the molecular agents produced by these cells and mediating their therapeutic action are fragmentary and often contradictory. Since MSCs or MSC-like cells are found in all tissues and organs, it is likely that many key intercellular interactions within the tissue niches are dependent on MSCs. In this context, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying communication between MSCs and differentiated parenchymal cells of each particular tissue. This is important both from the perspective of basic science and for the development of therapeutic approaches involving the modulation of the activity of resident MSCs. With regard to the liver, the research is concentrated on the intercommunication between MSCs and hepatocytes under normal conditions and during the development of the pathological process. The goals of this review were to identify the key factors mediating the crosstalk between MSCs and hepatocytes and determine the possible mechanisms of interaction of the two cell types under normal and stressful conditions. The analysis of the hepatocyte-MSC interaction showed that MSCs carry out chaperone-like functions, including the synthesis of the supportive extracellular matrix proteins; prevention of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis; support of regeneration; elimination of lipotoxicity and ER stress; promotion of antioxidant effects; and donation of mitochondria. The underlying mechanisms suggest very close interdependence, including even direct cytoplasm and organelle exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin N. Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Wen J, Liu F, Cheng Q, Weygant N, Liang X, Fan F, Li C, Zhang L, Liu Z. Applications of organoid technology to brain tumors. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:2725-2743. [PMID: 37248629 PMCID: PMC10493676 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacking appropriate model impedes basic and preclinical researches of brain tumors. Organoids technology applying on brain tumors enables great recapitulation of the original tumors. Here, we compared brain tumor organoids (BTOs) with common models including cell lines, tumor spheroids, and patient-derived xenografts. Different BTOs can be customized to research objectives and particular brain tumor features. We systematically introduce the establishments and strengths of four different BTOs. BTOs derived from patient somatic cells are suitable for mimicking brain tumors caused by germline mutations and abnormal neurodevelopment, such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. BTOs derived from human pluripotent stem cells with genetic manipulations endow for identifying and understanding the roles of oncogenes and processes of oncogenesis. Brain tumoroids are the most clinically applicable BTOs, which could be generated within clinically relevant timescale and applied for drug screening, immunotherapy testing, biobanking, and investigating brain tumor mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells and therapy resistance. Brain organoids co-cultured with brain tumors (BO-BTs) own the greatest recapitulation of brain tumors. Tumor invasion and interactions between tumor cells and brain components could be greatly explored in this model. BO-BTs also offer a humanized platform for testing the therapeutic efficacy and side effects on neurons in preclinical trials. We also introduce the BTOs establishment fused with other advanced techniques, such as 3D bioprinting. So far, over 11 brain tumor types of BTOs have been established, especially for glioblastoma. We conclude BTOs could be a reliable model to understand brain tumors and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative MedicineFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xisong Liang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hypothalamic‐pituitary Research CenterXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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16
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Sporbeck K, Haas ML, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Schüssele DS, Hunter C, Takacs Z, Diogo de Oliveira AL, Franz-Wachtel M, Charsou C, Pfisterer SG, Gubas A, Haller PK, Knorr RL, Kaulich M, Macek B, Eskelinen EL, Simonsen A, Proikas-Cezanne T. The ABL-MYC axis controls WIPI1-enhanced autophagy in lifespan extension. Commun Biol 2023; 6:872. [PMID: 37620393 PMCID: PMC10449903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human WIPI β-propellers function as PI3P effectors in autophagy, with WIPI4 and WIPI3 being able to link autophagy control by AMPK and TORC1 to the formation of autophagosomes. WIPI1, instead, assists WIPI2 in efficiently recruiting the ATG16L1 complex at the nascent autophagosome, which in turn promotes lipidation of LC3/GABARAP and autophagosome maturation. However, the specific role of WIPI1 and its regulation are unknown. Here, we discovered the ABL-ERK-MYC signalling axis controlling WIPI1. As a result of this signalling, MYC binds to the WIPI1 promoter and represses WIPI1 gene expression. When ABL-ERK-MYC signalling is counteracted, increased WIPI1 gene expression enhances the formation of autophagic membranes capable of migrating through tunnelling nanotubes to neighbouring cells with low autophagic activity. ABL-regulated WIPI1 function is relevant to lifespan control, as ABL deficiency in C. elegans increased gene expression of the WIPI1 orthologue ATG-18 and prolonged lifespan in a manner dependent on ATG-18. We propose that WIPI1 acts as an enhancer of autophagy that is physiologically relevant for regulating the level of autophagic activity over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sporbeck
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Haas
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David S Schüssele
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catherine Hunter
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Takacs
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana L Diogo de Oliveira
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteome Center Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chara Charsou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon G Pfisterer
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Gubas
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patricia K Haller
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland L Knorr
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Medical School, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Proteome Center Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Fl-00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School 'From Molecules to Organisms', Max Planck Institute for Biology and Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Valdebenito S, Ono A, Rong L, Eugenin EA. The role of tunneling nanotubes during early stages of HIV infection and reactivation: implications in HIV cure. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:169-186. [PMID: 37476291 PMCID: PMC10355284 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), also called cytonemes or tumor microtubes, correspond to cellular processes that enable long-range communication. TNTs are plasma membrane extensions that form tubular processes that connect the cytoplasm of two or more cells. TNTs are mostly expressed during the early stages of development and poorly expressed in adulthood. However, in disease conditions such as stroke, cancer, and viral infections such as HIV, TNTs proliferate, but their role is poorly understood. TNTs function has been associated with signaling coordination, organelle sharing, and the transfer of infectious agents such as HIV. Here, we describe the critical role and function of TNTs during HIV infection and reactivation, as well as the use of TNTs for cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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18
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Caicedo A, Singh KK. Advancing mitochondria as a therapeutic agent. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:33-35. [PMID: 36657505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article intends to provide an update of the needs in the field working in the artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T), and an overview of the highlights from the articles in the special issue "Advances of Mitochondria as a therapeutic agent". In the last 4 decades, scientists have developed innovative therapeutic applications based on the AMT/T, inspired by the natural transfer of mitochondria between cells to repair cellular damage or treat diseases. The clinical application of AMT has become the priority for the field involving the replacement or augmentation of healthy mitochondria in the harmed tissue, especially in the treatment of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, we remark in our article that key questions remain to be answered such as which one is the best isolation protocol, tissue or cell source for isolation, and others of great importance to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Dermatology and Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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19
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Dong LF, Rohlena J, Zobalova R, Nahacka Z, Rodriguez AM, Berridge MV, Neuzil J. Mitochondria on the move: Horizontal mitochondrial transfer in disease and health. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213873. [PMID: 36795453 PMCID: PMC9960264 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genes were long thought to be constrained within somatic cells in most cell types. This concept was challenged recently when cellular organelles including mitochondria were shown to move between mammalian cells in culture via cytoplasmic bridges. Recent research in animals indicates transfer of mitochondria in cancer and during lung injury in vivo, with considerable functional consequences. Since these pioneering discoveries, many studies have confirmed horizontal mitochondrial transfer (HMT) in vivo, and its functional characteristics and consequences have been described. Additional support for this phenomenon has come from phylogenetic studies. Apparently, mitochondrial trafficking between cells occurs more frequently than previously thought and contributes to diverse processes including bioenergetic crosstalk and homeostasis, disease treatment and recovery, and development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here we highlight current knowledge of HMT between cells, focusing primarily on in vivo systems, and contend that this process is not only (patho)physiologically relevant, but also can be exploited for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Dong
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,Lan-Feng Dong:
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- https://ror.org/02sc3r913School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Australia,https://ror.org/00wzqmx94Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague-West, Czech Republic,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,Correspondence to Jiri Neuzil: ,
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20
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D’Amato M, Morra F, Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Mitochondrial Transplantation in Mitochondrial Medicine: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031969. [PMID: 36768312 PMCID: PMC9916997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are inherited genetic conditions characterized by pathogenic mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Current therapies are still far from being fully effective and from covering the broad spectrum of mutations in mtDNA. For example, unlike heteroplasmic conditions, MDs caused by homoplasmic mtDNA mutations do not yet benefit from advances in molecular approaches. An attractive method of providing dysfunctional cells and/or tissues with healthy mitochondria is mitochondrial transplantation. In this review, we discuss what is known about intercellular transfer of mitochondria and the methods used to transfer mitochondria both in vitro and in vivo, and we provide an outlook on future therapeutic applications. Overall, the transfer of healthy mitochondria containing wild-type mtDNA copies could induce a heteroplasmic shift even when homoplasmic mtDNA variants are present, with the aim of attenuating or preventing the progression of pathological clinical phenotypes. In summary, mitochondrial transplantation is a challenging but potentially ground-breaking option for the treatment of various mitochondrial pathologies, although several questions remain to be addressed before its application in mitochondrial medicine.
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21
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Patel SP, Michael FM, Gollihue JL, Brad Hubbard W, Sullivan PG, Rabchevsky AG. Delivery of mitoceuticals or respiratory competent mitochondria to sites of neurotrauma. Mitochondrion 2023; 68:10-14. [PMID: 36371072 PMCID: PMC9805511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review evidence that targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with 'mitoceuticals' is an effective neuroprotective strategy following neurotrauma, and that isolated exogenous mitochondria can be effectively transplanted into host spinal cord parenchyma to increase overall cellular metabolism. We further discuss control measures to ensure greatest potential for mitochondrial transfer, notably using erodible thermogelling hydrogels to deliver respiratory competent mitochondria to the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir P Patel
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Felicia M Michael
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
| | - Jenna L Gollihue
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States
| | - W Brad Hubbard
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Alexander G Rabchevsky
- University of Kentucky, Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, United States; Departments of Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States.
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22
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Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010608. [PMID: 36614050 PMCID: PMC9820658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.
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23
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Korpershoek JV, Rikkers M, Wallis FSA, Dijkstra K, te Raa M, de Knijff P, Saris DBF, Vonk LA. Mitochondrial Transport from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Chondrocytes Increases DNA Content and Proteoglycan Deposition In Vitro in 3D Cultures. Cartilage 2022; 13:133-147. [PMID: 36262105 PMCID: PMC9924973 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221126346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used in the 1-stage treatment of articular cartilage defects. The aim of this study is to investigate whether transport of mitochondria exists between chondrocytes and MSCs and to investigate whether the transfer of mitochondria to chondrocytes contributes to the mechanism of action of MSCs. DESIGN Chondrocytes and MSCs were stained with MitoTracker, and CellTrace was used to distinguish between cell types. The uptake of fluorescent mitochondria was measured in cocultures using flow cytometry. Transport was visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Microvesicles were isolated and the presence of mitochondria was assessed. Mitochondria were isolated from MSCs and transferred to chondrocytes using MitoCeption. Pellets of chondrocytes, chondrocytes with transferred MSC mitochondria, and cocultures were cultured for 28 days. DNA content and proteoglycan content were measured. Mitochondrial DNA of cultured pellets and of repair cartilage tissue was quantified. RESULTS Mitochondrial transfer occurred bidirectionally within the first 4 hours until 16 hours of coculture. Transport took place via tunneling nanotubes, direct cell-cell contact, and extracellular vesicles. After 28 days of pellet culture, DNA content and proteoglycan deposition were higher in chondrocyte pellets to which MSC mitochondria were transferred than the control groups. No donor mitochondrial DNA was traceable in the biopsies, whereas an increase in MSC mitochondrial DNA was seen in the pellets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that mitochondrial transport plays a role in the chondroinductive effect of MSCs on chondrocytes in vitro. However, in vivo no transferred mitochondria could be traced back after 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn V. Korpershoek
- UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands,Daniel B. F. Saris, UMC Utrecht,
Huispostnummer G05.228, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Marije te Raa
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum,
Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Mitochondrial transfer/transplantation: an emerging therapeutic approach for multiple diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:66. [PMID: 35590379 PMCID: PMC9121600 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in energy generation and cellular physiological processes. These organelles are highly dynamic, constantly changing their morphology, cellular location, and distribution in response to cellular stress. In recent years, the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer has attracted significant attention and interest from biologists and medical investigators. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer occurs in different ways, including tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and gap junction channels (GJCs). According to research on intercellular mitochondrial transfer in physiological and pathological environments, mitochondrial transfer hold great potential for maintaining body homeostasis and regulating pathological processes. Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. This paper reviews intercellular spontaneous mitochondrial transfer modes, mechanisms, and the latest methods of AMT/T. Furthermore, potential application value and mechanism of AMT/T in disease treatment are also discussed.
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25
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Chen Y, Yang F, Chu Y, Yun Z, Yan Y, Jin J. Mitochondrial transplantation: opportunities and challenges in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lab Invest 2022; 20:483. [PMID: 36273156 PMCID: PMC9588235 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are rising in both incidence and prevalence and remain a major global health and socioeconomic burden in the twenty-first century. Despite an increasing understanding of these diseases, the lack of effective treatments remains an ongoing challenge. Mitochondria are key players in intracellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signaling, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathogeneses of metabolic diseases. Exogenous supplementation with healthy mitochondria is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to treating these diseases. This article reviews recent advances in the use of mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MRT) in such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Zhang TG, Miao CY. Mitochondrial transplantation as a promising therapy for mitochondrial diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1028-1035. [PMID: 36970208 PMCID: PMC10031255 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction which may affect almost all the organs in the body and present at any age. However, no satisfactory therapeutic strategies have been available for mitochondrial diseases so far. Mitochondrial transplantation is a burgeoning approach for treatment of mitochondrial diseases by recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria in defective cells using isolated functional mitochondria. Many models of mitochondrial transplantation in cells, animals, and patients have proved effective via various routes of mitochondrial delivery. This review presents different techniques used in mitochondrial isolation and delivery, mechanisms of mitochondrial internalization and consequences of mitochondrial transplantation, along with challenges for clinical application. Despite some unknowns and challenges, mitochondrial transplantation would provide an innovative approach for mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-yu Miao
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 21 81871271; fax: +86 21 65493951.
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27
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Nahacka Z, Novak J, Zobalova R, Neuzil J. Miro proteins and their role in mitochondrial transfer in cancer and beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:937753. [PMID: 35959487 PMCID: PMC9358137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.937753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles essential for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Although their main cellular function, generation of energy in the form of ATP is dispensable for cancer cells, their capability to drive their adaptation to stress originating from tumor microenvironment makes them a plausible therapeutic target. Recent research has revealed that cancer cells with damaged oxidative phosphorylation import healthy (functional) mitochondria from surrounding stromal cells to drive pyrimidine synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, it has been shown that energetically competent mitochondria are fundamental for tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The spatial positioning and transport of mitochondria involves Miro proteins from a subfamily of small GTPases, localized in outer mitochondrial membrane. Miro proteins are involved in the structure of the MICOS complex, connecting outer and inner-mitochondrial membrane; in mitochondria-ER communication; Ca2+ metabolism; and in the recycling of damaged organelles via mitophagy. The most important role of Miro is regulation of mitochondrial movement and distribution within (and between) cells, acting as an adaptor linking organelles to cytoskeleton-associated motor proteins. In this review, we discuss the function of Miro proteins in various modes of intercellular mitochondrial transfer, emphasizing the structure and dynamics of tunneling nanotubes, the most common transfer modality. We summarize the evidence for and propose possible roles of Miro proteins in nanotube-mediated transfer as well as in cancer cell migration and metastasis, both processes being tightly connected to cytoskeleton-driven mitochondrial movement and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nahacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
| | - Jaromir Novak
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zuzana Nahacka, ; Jiri Neuzil,
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28
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Turos-Korgul L, Kolba MD, Chroscicki P, Zieminska A, Piwocka K. Tunneling Nanotubes Facilitate Intercellular Protein Transfer and Cell Networks Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:915117. [PMID: 35903550 PMCID: PMC9314668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.915117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade witnessed a huge interest in the communication machinery called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which is a novel, contact-dependent type of intercellular protein transfer (IPT). As the IPT phenomenon plays a particular role in the cross-talk between cells, including cancer cells as well as in the immune and nervous systems, it therefore participates in remodeling of the cellular networks. The following review focuses on the placing the role of tunneling nanotube-mediated protein transfer between distant cells. Firstly, we describe different screening methods used to study IPT including tunneling nanotubes. Further, we present various examples of TNT-mediated protein transfer in the immune system, cancer microenvironment and in the nervous system, with particular attention to the methods used to verify the transfer of individual proteins.
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29
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Dubois F, Bazille C, Levallet J, Maille E, Brosseau S, Madelaine J, Bergot E, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Molecular Alterations in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Hope for Effective Treatment by Targeting YAP. Target Oncol 2022; 17:407-431. [PMID: 35906513 PMCID: PMC9345804 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm, which has primarily been attributed to the exposure to asbestos fibers (83% of cases); yet, despite a ban of using asbestos in many countries, the incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma failed to decline worldwide. While little progress has been made in malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosis, bevacizumab at first, then followed by double immunotherapy (nivolumab plus ipilumumab), were all shown to improve survival in large phase III randomized trials. The morphological analysis of the histological subtyping remains the primary indicator for therapeutic decision making at an advanced disease stage, while a platinum-based chemotherapy regimen combined with pemetrexed, either with or without bevacizumab, is still the main treatment option. Consequently, malignant pleural mesothelioma still represents a significant health concern owing to poor median survival (12-18 months). Given this context, both diagnosis and therapy improvements require better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant pleural mesothelioma's carcinogenesis and progression. Hence, the Hippo pathway in malignant pleural mesothelioma initiation and progression has recently received increasing attention, as the aberrant expression of its core components may be closely related to patient prognosis. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical analysis of our current knowledge on these topics, the main focus being on the available evidence concerning the role of each Hippo pathway's member as a promising biomarker, enabling detection of the disease at earlier stages and thus improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.,Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jeannick Madelaine
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France.,Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France.,U830 INSERM "Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group", Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT Unit, Avenue H. Becquerel, 14074, Caen, France. .,Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France. .,Federative Structure of Cyto-Molecular Oncogenetics (SF-MOCAE), CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
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30
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The Golgi complex: An organelle that determines urothelial cell biology in health and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:229-240. [PMID: 35773494 PMCID: PMC9399047 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex undergoes considerable structural remodeling during differentiation of urothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. It is known that in a healthy bladder the differentiation from the basal to the superficial cell layer leads to the formation of the tightest barrier in our body, i.e., the blood–urine barrier. In this process, urothelial cells start expressing tight junctional proteins, apical membrane lipids, surface glycans, and integral membrane proteins, the uroplakins (UPs). The latter are the most abundant membrane proteins in the apical plasma membrane of differentiated superficial urothelial cells (UCs) and, in addition to well-developed tight junctions, contribute to the permeability barrier by their structural organization and by hindering endocytosis from the apical plasma membrane. By studying the transport of UPs, we were able to demonstrate their differentiation-dependent effect on the Golgi architecture. Although fragmentation of the Golgi complex is known to be associated with mitosis and apoptosis, we found that the process of Golgi fragmentation is required for delivery of certain specific urothelial differentiation cargoes to the plasma membrane as well as for cell–cell communication. In this review, we will discuss the currently known contribution of the Golgi complex to the formation of the blood–urine barrier in normal UCs and how it may be involved in the loss of the blood–urine barrier in cancer. Some open questions related to the Golgi complex in the urothelium will be highlighted.
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31
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Potential Treatment Targeting Pathological Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4645021. [PMID: 35757508 PMCID: PMC9217616 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4645021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes up a large proportion of acute brain injuries and is a major cause of disability globally. Its complicated etiology and pathogenesis mainly include primary injury and secondary injury over time, which can cause cognitive deficits, physical disabilities, mood changes, and impaired verbal communication. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) based therapy has shown significant therapeutic potential to target TBI-induced pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the main pathological processes of TBI and summarize the underlying mechanisms of MSC-based TBI treatment. We also discuss research progress in the field of MSC therapy in TBI as well as major shortcomings and the great potential shown.
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32
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Wang ZH, Chen L, Li W, Chen L, Wang YP. Mitochondria transfer and transplantation in human health and diseases. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:80-87. [PMID: 35623561 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cell metabolism. Disorders in mitochondrial function impair tissue integrity and have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Rather than constrained in host cells, mitochondria were recently found to actively travel between cells through nanotubes or extracellular vesicles. Mitochondria transportation represents a key mechanism of intercellular communication implicated in metabolic homeostasis, immune response, and stress signaling. Here we reviewed recent progress in mitochondria transfer under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, tumor cells imported mitochondria from adjacent cells in the microenvironment which potentially modulated cancer progression. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking also inspired therapeutic intervention of human diseases with mitochondria transplantation. Artificial mitochondria, generated through mitochondria genome engineering or mitochondria-nucleus hybridization, further advanced our understanding of mitochondrial biology and its therapeutic potential. Innovative tools and animal models of mitochondria transplantation will assist the development of new therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China.
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33
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Tarasiuk O, Ballarini E, Donzelli E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Bossi M, Cavaletti G, Scuteri A. Making Connections: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Manifold Ways to Interact with Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105791. [PMID: 35628600 PMCID: PMC9146463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells able to increase sensory neuron survival: direct co-culture of MSCs with neurons is pivotal to observe a neuronal survival increase. Despite the identification of some mechanisms of action, little is known about how MSCs physically interact with neurons. The aim of this paper was to investigate and characterize the main mechanisms of interaction between MSCs and neurons. Morphological analysis showed the presence of gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes between MSCs and neurons only in direct co-cultures. Using a diffusible dye, we observed a flow from MSCs to neurons and further analysis demonstrated that MSCs donated mitochondria to neurons. Treatment of co-cultures with the gap junction blocker Carbenoxolone decreased neuronal survival, thus demonstrating the importance of gap junctions and, more in general, of cell communication for the MSC positive effect. We also investigated the role of extracellular vesicles; administration of direct co-cultures-derived vesicles was able to increase neuronal survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the presence and the importance of multiple routes of communication between MSCs and neurons. Such knowledge will allow a better understanding of the potential of MSCs and how to maximize their positive effect, with the final aim to provide the best protective treatment.
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34
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Oliveira Miranda C. Mesenchymal stem cells for lysosomal storage and polyglutamine disorders: Possible shared mechanisms. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13707. [PMID: 34751953 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells' (MSC) therapeutic potential has been investigated for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. The fact these cells can mediate a beneficial effect in different neurodegenerative contexts strengthens their competence to target diverse mechanisms. On the other hand, distinct disorders may share similar mechanisms despite having singular neuropathological characteristics. METHODS We have previously shown that MSC can be beneficial for two disorders, one belonging to the groups of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) - the Krabbe Disease or Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy, and the other to the family of Polyglutamine diseases (PolyQs) - the Machado-Joseph Disease or Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. We gave also input into disease characterization since neuropathology and MSC's effects are intrinsically associated. This review aims at describing MSC's multimode of action in these disorders while emphasizing to possible mechanistic alterations they must share due to the accumulation of cellular toxic products. RESULTS Lysosomal storage disorders and PolyQs have different aetiology and associated symptoms, but both result from the accumulation of undegradable products inside neuronal cells due to inefficient clearance by the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. Moreover, numerous cellular mechanisms that become compromised latter are also shared by these two disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Here, we emphasize MSC's effect in improving proteostasis and autophagy cycling turnover, neuronal survival, synaptic activity and axonal transport. LSDs and PolyQs, though rare in their predominance, collectively affect many people and require our utmost dedication and efforts to get successful therapies due to their tremendous impact on patient s' lives and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira Miranda
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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Merolli A, Kasaei L, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Subbian S, Feldman LC. An intra-cytoplasmic route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission unveiled by Helium-ion microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3794. [PMID: 35260703 PMCID: PMC8904465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virions enter the host cells by docking their spike glycoproteins to the membrane-bound Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. After intracellular assembly, the newly formed virions are released from the infected cells to propagate the infection, using the extra-cytoplasmic ACE2 docking mechanism. However, the molecular events underpinning SARS-CoV-2 transmission between host cells are not fully understood. Here, we report the findings of a scanning Helium-ion microscopy study performed on Vero E6 cells infected with mNeonGreen-expressing SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal, with unprecedented resolution, the presence of: (1) long tunneling nanotubes that connect two or more host cells over submillimeter distances; (2) large scale multiple cell fusion events (syncytia); and (3) abundant extracellular vesicles of various sizes. Taken together, these ultrastructural features describe a novel intra-cytoplasmic connection among SARS-CoV-2 infected cells that may act as an alternative route of viral transmission, disengaged from the well-known extra-cytoplasmic ACE2 docking mechanism. Such route may explain the elusiveness of SARS-CoV-2 to survive from the immune surveillance of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Merolli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, DLS Building, 145 Bevier Road, Room 108, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Leila Kasaei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Leonard C Feldman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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36
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Velarde F, Ezquerra S, Delbruyere X, Caicedo A, Hidalgo Y, Khoury M. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria: mechanisms and functional impact. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:177. [PMID: 35247083 PMCID: PMC11073024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a steadily growing interest in the use of mitochondria as therapeutic agents. The use of mitochondria derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes represents an innovative approach to treat many diseases (immune deregulation, inflammation-related disorders, wound healing, ischemic events, and aging) with an increasing amount of promising evidence, ranging from preclinical to clinical research. Furthermore, the eventual reversal, induced by the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, of the metabolic and pro-inflammatory profile, opens new avenues to the understanding of diseases' etiology, their relation to both systemic and local risk factors, and also leads to new therapeutic tools for the control of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. To this end, we illustrate in this review, the triggers and mechanisms behind the transfer of mitochondria employed by MSCs and the underlying benefits as well as the possible adverse effects of MSCs mitochondrial exchange. We relay the rationale and opportunities for the use of these organelles in the clinic as cell-based product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Velarde
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Ezquerra
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Delbruyere
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maroun Khoury
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Cells for Cells and REGENERO, The Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile.
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37
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Specialized Intercellular Communications via Tunnelling Nanotubes in Acute and Chronic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030659. [PMID: 35158927 PMCID: PMC8833474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cytoplasmic channels which regulate the contacts between cells and allow the transfer of several elements, including ions, mitochondria, microvesicles, exosomes, lysosomes, proteins, and microRNAs. Through this transport, TNTs are implicated in different physiological and pathological phenomena, such as immune response, cell proliferation and differentiation, embryogenesis, programmed cell death, and angiogenesis. TNTs can promote cancer progression, transferring substances capable of altering apoptotic dynamics, modifying the metabolism and energy balance, inducing changes in immunosurveillance, or affecting the response to chemotherapy. In this review, we evaluated their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Abstract Effectual cell-to-cell communication is essential to the development and differentiation of organisms, the preservation of tissue tasks, and the synchronization of their different physiological actions, but also to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are membrane-enclosed tubular connections between cells that carry a multiplicity of cellular loads, such as exosomes, non-coding RNAs, mitochondria, and proteins, and they have been identified as the main participants in healthy and tumoral cell communication. TNTs have been described in numerous tumors in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models favoring the onset and progression of tumors. Tumor cells utilize TNT-like membranous channels to transfer information between themselves or with the tumoral milieu. As a result, tumor cells attain novel capabilities, such as the increased capacity of metastasis, metabolic plasticity, angiogenic aptitude, and chemoresistance, promoting tumor severity. Here, we review the morphological and operational characteristics of TNTs and their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Finally, we examine the prospects and challenges for TNTs as a therapeutic approach for hematologic diseases by examining the development of efficient and safe drugs targeting TNTs.
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38
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Bapst AM, Knöpfel T, Nolan KA, Imeri F, Schuh CD, Hall AM, Guo J, Katschinski DM, Wenger RH. Neurogenic and pericytic plasticity of conditionally immortalized cells derived from renal erythropoietin-producing cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2420-2433. [PMID: 35014036 PMCID: PMC9303970 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, the kidney is the main source of circulating erythropoietin (Epo), the master regulator of erythropoiesis. In vivo data in mice demonstrated multiple subtypes of interstitial renal Epo‐producing (REP) cells. To analyze the differentiation plasticity of fibroblastoid REP cells, we used a transgenic REP cell reporter mouse model to generate conditionally immortalized REP‐derived (REPD) cell lines. Under nonpermissive conditions, REPD cells ceased from proliferation and acquired a stem cell‐like state, with strongly enhanced hypoxia‐inducible factor 2 (HIF‐2α), stem cell antigen 1 (SCA‐1), and CD133 expression, but also enhanced alpha‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, indicating myofibroblastic signaling. These cells maintained the “on‐off” nature of Epo expression observed in REP cells in vivo, whereas other HIF target genes showed a more permanent regulation. Like REP cells in vivo, REPD cells cultured in vitro generated long tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) that aligned with endothelial vascular structures, were densely packed with mitochondria and became more numerous under hypoxic conditions. Although inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption blunted HIF signaling, removal of the TNTs did not affect or even enhance the expression of HIF target genes. Apart from pericytes, REPD cells readily differentiated into neuroglia but not adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic lineages, consistent with a neuronal origin of at least a subpopulation of REP cells. In summary, these results suggest an unprecedented combination of differentiation features of this unique cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Bapst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Nolan
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Faik Imeri
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claus D Schuh
- National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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D’Aloia A, Arrigoni E, Costa B, Berruti G, Martegani E, Sacco E, Ceriani M. RalGPS2 Interacts with Akt and PDK1 Promoting Tunneling Nanotubes Formation in Bladder Cancer and Kidney Cells Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246330. [PMID: 34944949 PMCID: PMC8699646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell-to-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment is a crucial process to orchestrate the different components of the tumoral infrastructure. Among the mechanisms of cellular interplay in cancer cells, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are dynamic connections that play an important role. The mechanism of the formation of TNTs among cells and the molecules involved in the process remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyze several bladder cancer cell lines, representative of tumors at different stages and grades. We demonstrate that TNTs are formed only by mid or high-stage cell lines that show muscle-invasive properties and that they actively transport mitochondria and proteins. The formation of TNTs is triggered by stressful conditions and starts with the assembly of a specific multimolecular complex. In this study, we characterize some of the protein components of the TNTs complex, as they are potential novel molecular targets for future therapies aimed at counteracting tumor progression. Abstract RalGPS2 is a Ras-independent Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for RalA GTPase that is involved in several cellular processes, including cytoskeletal organization. Previously, we demonstrated that RalGPS2 also plays a role in the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in bladder cancer 5637 cells. In particular, TNTs are a novel mechanism of cell–cell communication in the tumor microenvironment, playing a central role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in TNTs formation still need to be fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that mid and high-stage bladder cancer cell lines have functional TNTs, which can transfer mitochondria. Moreover, using confocal fluorescence time-lapse microscopy, we show in 5637 cells that TNTs mediate the trafficking of RalA protein and transmembrane MHC class III protein leukocyte-specific transcript 1 (LST1). Furthermore, we show that RalGPS2 is essential for nanotubes generation, and stress conditions boost its expression both in 5637 and HEK293 cell lines. Finally, we prove that RalGPS2 interacts with Akt and PDK1, in addition to LST1 and RalA, leading to the formation of a complex that promotes nanotubes formation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that in the tumor microenvironment, RalGPS2 orchestrates the assembly of multimolecular complexes that drive the formation of TNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia D’Aloia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Edoardo Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Barbara Costa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giovanna Berruti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enzo Martegani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
- SYSBIO-ISBE-IT-Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (E.M.); (E.S.)
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264483544
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40
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Karbalaie K, Kiani-Esfahani A, Rasouli K, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have mitochondrial transfer ability in stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) co-culture system. Neurosci Lett 2021; 769:136392. [PMID: 34902517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) have stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA): which means these stromal cells induce neural differentiation where they are used as a substratum for embryonic stem cell (ESCs) culture. Recent studies show that mitochondria or mitochondrial products, as paracrine factors, can be released and transferred from one cell to another. With this information, we were curious to know whether in the SDIA co-culture system, SHED release or donate their mitochondria to ESCs. For this purpose, before co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria and ESCs s' cell membranes were separately labeled with specific fluorescent probes. After co-culture, SHED s' mitochondria were tracked by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry analysis. Co-culture also performed in the presence of inhibitors that block probable transfer pathways suchlike tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions or vesicles. Results showed that mitochondrial transfer takes place from SHED to ESCs. This transfer partly occurs by tunneling nanotubes and not through gap junctions or vesicles; also was not dependent on intracellular calcium level. This kind of horizontal gene transfer may open a new prospect for further research on probable role of mitochondria on fate choice and neural induction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Karbalaie
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Rasouli
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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41
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Zheng F, Luo Z, Lin X, Wang W, Aschner M, Cai P, Wang YL, Shao W, Yu G, Guo Z, Wu S, Li H. Intercellular transfer of mitochondria via tunneling nanotubes protects against cobalt nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity and mitochondrial damage. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1358-1379. [PMID: 35077651 PMCID: PMC9490506 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2026515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Broad applications of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) have raised increased concerns regarding their potential toxicity. However, the underlining mechanisms of their toxicity have yet to be characterized. Here, we demonstrated that CoNPs reduced cell viability and induced membrane leakage. CoNPs induced oxidative stress, as indicated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to the increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha. Moreover, CoNPs led to mitochondrial damage, including generation of mitochondrial ROS, reduction in ATP content, morphological damage and autophagy. Interestingly, exogenous mitochondria were observed between neurons and astrocytes upon CoNPs exposure. Concomitantly, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs)-like structures were observed between neurons and astrocytes upon CoNPs exposure. These structures were further verified to be TNTs as they were found to be F-actin rich and lacking tubulin. We then demonstrated that TNTs were utilized for mitochondrial transfer between neurons and astrocytes, suggesting a novel crosstalk phenomenon between these cells. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of TNTs (using actin-depolymerizing drug latrunculin B) intensified apoptosis triggered by CoNPs. Therefore, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the inhibition of intercellular mitochondrial transfer via TNTs aggravates CoNPs-induced cellular and mitochondrial toxicity in neuronal cells, implying a novel intercellular protection mechanism in response to nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xinpei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ping Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Corresponding authors: H. Li: ; S. Wu: . Tel: +086-591-22862527; Fax: +086-591-22862510
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Corresponding authors: H. Li: ; S. Wu: . Tel: +086-591-22862527; Fax: +086-591-22862510
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42
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Emery D, Fu Y. Post-bifurcation behaviour of elasto-capillary necking and bulging in soft tubes. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous linear bifurcation analyses have evidenced that an axially stretched soft cylindrical tube may develop an infinite-wavelength (localized) instability when one or both of its lateral surfaces are under sufficient surface tension. Phase transition interpretations have also highlighted that the tube admits a final evolved ‘two-phase’ state. How the localized instability initiates and evolves into the final ‘two-phase’ state is still a matter of contention, and this is the focus of the current study. Through a weakly nonlinear analysis conducted for a general material model, the initial
sub-critical
bifurcation solution is found to be localized bulging or necking depending on whether the axial stretch is greater or less than a certain threshold value. At this threshold value, an exceptionally
super-critical
kink-wave solution arises in place of localization. A thorough interpretation of the anticipated post-bifurcation behaviour based on our theoretical results is also given, and this is supported by finite-element method simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Emery
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Yibin Fu
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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43
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Terceiro LEL, Edechi CA, Ikeogu NM, Nickel BE, Hombach-Klonisch S, Sharif T, Leygue E, Myal Y. The Breast Tumor Microenvironment: A Key Player in Metastatic Spread. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4798. [PMID: 34638283 PMCID: PMC8507966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastatic spread of many cancers including breast. There is now increasing evidence to support the observations that a bidirectional interplay between breast cancer cells and stromal cells exists within the tumor and the tumor microenvironment both at the primary tumor site and at the metastatic site. This interaction occurs through direct cell to cell contact, or by the release of autocrine or paracrine factors which can activate pro-tumor signaling pathways and modulate tumor behavior. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in our current knowledge about the multiple interactions between breast cancer cells and neighboring cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes, innate and adaptive immune cells) in the tumor microenvironment that coordinate to regulate metastasis. We also highlight the role of exosomes and circulating tumor cells in facilitating breast cancer metastasis. We discuss some key markers associated with stromal cells in the breast tumor environment and their potential to predict patient survival and guide treatment. Finally, we will provide some brief perspectives on how current technologies may lead to the development of more effective therapies for the clinical management of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (T.S.)
| | - Chidalu A. Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (T.S.)
| | - Nnamdi M. Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Barbara E. Nickel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (T.S.)
| | - Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (T.S.)
- Senior Scientist, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Gómez X, Sanon S, Zambrano K, Asquel S, Bassantes M, Morales JE, Otáñez G, Pomaquero C, Villarroel S, Zurita A, Calvache C, Celi K, Contreras T, Corrales D, Naciph MB, Peña J, Caicedo A. Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34556658 PMCID: PMC8460669 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity and ionizing radiation during spaceflight missions causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that contributes to cellular stress and damage in astronauts. Average spaceflight mission time is expected to lengthen as humanity aims to visit other planets. However, longer missions or spaceflights will undoubtedly lead to an increment in microgravity, ionizing radiation and ROS production. Strategies to minimize ROS damage are necessary to maintain the health of astronauts, future space colonists, and tourists during and after spaceflight missions. An antioxidant cocktail formulated to prevent or mitigate ROS damage during space exploration could help maintain the health of space explorers. We propose key points to consider when developing an antioxidant cocktail. We discuss how ROS damages our body and organs, the genetic predisposition of astronauts to its damage, characteristics and evidence of the effectiveness of antioxidants to combat excess ROS, differences in drug metabolism when on Earth and in space that could modify antioxidant effects, and the characteristics and efficacy of common antioxidants. Based on this information we propose a workflow for assessing astronaut resistance to ROS damage, infight monitoring of ROS production, and an antioxidant cocktail. Developing an antioxidant cocktail represents a big challenge to translate current medical practices from an Earth setting to space. The key points presented in this review could promote the development of different antioxidant formulations to maintain space explorers' health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gómez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Asquel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mariuxi Bassantes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Julián E Morales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Otáñez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Core Pomaquero
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Villarroel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Zurita
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kathlyn Celi
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Terry Contreras
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dylan Corrales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Naciph
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador.
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador.
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Centrosome, the Newly Identified Passenger through Tunneling Nanotubes, Increases Binucleation and Proliferation Marker in Receiving Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189680. [PMID: 34575851 PMCID: PMC8467045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 tunneling nanotubes (TNTs-1) are long, cytoplasmic protrusions containing actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments that provide a bi-directional road for the transport of various components between distant cells. TNT-1 formation is accompanied by dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization offering mechanical support for intercellular communication. Although the centrosome is the major microtubule nucleating center and also a signaling hub, the relationship between the centrosome and TNTs-1 is still unexplored. We provide here the first evidence of centrosome localization and orientation towards the TNTs-1 protrusion site, which is implicated in TNT-1 formation. We also envision a model whereby synchronized reorientation of the Golgi apparatus along with the centrosome towards TNTs-1 ensures effective polarized trafficking through TNTs-1. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and live imaging, we observed for the first time the movement of an extra centrosome within TNTs-1. In this regard, we hypothesize a novel role for TNTs-1 as a critical pathway serving to displace extra centrosomes and potentially to either protect malignant cells against aberrant centrosome amplification or contribute to altering cells in the tumor environment. Indeed, we have observed the increase in binucleation and proliferation markers in receiving cells. The fact that the centrosome can be both as the base and the user of TNTs-1 offers new perspectives and new opportunities to follow in order to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms under TNT control.
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46
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Haas OA. Somatic Sex: On the Origin of Neoplasms With Chromosome Counts in Uneven Ploidy Ranges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631946. [PMID: 34422788 PMCID: PMC8373647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable aneuploid genomes with nonrandom numerical changes in uneven ploidy ranges define distinct subsets of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The idea put forward herein suggests that they emerge from interactions between diploid mitotic and G0/G1 cells, which can in a single step produce all combinations of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and pentasomic paternal/maternal homologue configurations that define such genomes. A nanotube-mediated influx of interphase cell cytoplasm into mitotic cells would thus be responsible for the critical nondisjunction and segregation errors by physically impeding the proper formation of the cell division machinery, whereas only a complete cell fusion can simultaneously generate pentasomies, uniparental trisomies as well as biclonal hypo- and hyperdiploid cell populations. The term "somatic sex" was devised to accentuate the similarities between germ cell and somatic cell fusions. A somatic cell fusion, in particular, recapitulates many processes that are also instrumental in the formation of an abnormal zygote that involves a diploid oocyte and a haploid sperm, which then may further develop into a digynic triploid embryo. Despite their somehow deceptive differences and consequences, the resemblance of these two routes may go far beyond of what has hitherto been appreciated. Based on the arguments put forward herein, I propose that embryonic malignancies of mesenchymal origin with these particular types of aneuploidies can thus be viewed as the kind of flawed somatic equivalent of a digynic triploid embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A Haas
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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Valdebenito S, Malik S, Luu R, Loudig O, Mitchell M, Okafo G, Bhat K, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA. Tunneling nanotubes, TNT, communicate glioblastoma with surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to adapt them to hypoxic and metabolic tumor conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14556. [PMID: 34267246 PMCID: PMC8282675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the development and proper function of multicellular systems. We and others demonstrated that tunneling nanotubes (TNT) proliferate in several pathological conditions such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature, function, and contribution of TNT to cancer pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our analyses demonstrate that TNT structures are induced between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to transfer tumor-derived mitochondria. The mitochondrial transfer mediated by TNT resulted in the adaptation of non-tumor astrocytes to tumor-like metabolism and hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, TNT are an efficient cell-to-cell communication system used by cancer cells to adapt the microenvironment to the invasive nature of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shaily Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | | | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Genovese I, Carinci M, Modesti L, Aguiari G, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Mitochondria: Insights into Crucial Features to Overcome Cancer Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094770. [PMID: 33946271 PMCID: PMC8124268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of cell survival and are involved in a plethora of mechanisms, such as metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy and mitochondrial transfer, fusion, and fission (known as mitochondrial dynamics). The tuning of these processes in pathophysiological conditions is fundamental to the balance between cell death and survival. Indeed, ROS overproduction and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload are linked to the induction of apoptosis, while the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism can have a double-faceted role in the decision between cell survival and death. Tumorigenesis involves an intricate series of cellular impairments not yet completely clarified, and a further level of complexity is added by the onset of apoptosis resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. In the majority of cases, cancer relapse or lack of responsiveness is related to the emergence of chemoresistance, which may be due to the cooperation of several cellular protection mechanisms, often mitochondria-related. With this review, we aim to critically report the current evidence on the relationship between mitochondria and cancer chemoresistance with a particular focus on the involvement of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling, oxidative stress, and metabolism to possibly identify new approaches or targets for overcoming cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Marianna Carinci
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.G.); (M.C.); (L.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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49
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Patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells transfer mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes in tumor organoids. Biochem J 2021; 478:21-39. [PMID: 33245115 PMCID: PMC7800365 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer and its relapse after surgery, chemo and radiotherapy appears to be led by GBM stem cells (GSCs). Also, tumor networking and intercellular communication play a major role in driving GBM therapy-resistance. Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs), thin membranous open-ended channels connecting distant cells, have been observed in several types of cancer, where they emerge to drive a more malignant phenotype. Here, we investigated whether GBM cells are capable to intercommunicate by TNTs. Two GBM stem-like cells (GSLCs) were obtained from the external and infiltrative zone of one GBM from one patient. We show, for the first time, that both GSLCs, grown in classical 2D culture and in 3D-tumor organoids, formed functional TNTs which allowed mitochondria transfer. In the organoid model, recapitulative of several tumor's features, we observed the formation of a network between cells constituted of both Tumor Microtubes (TMs), previously observed in vivo, and TNTs. In addition, the two GSLCs exhibited different responses to irradiation in terms of TNT induction and mitochondria transfer, although the correlation with the disease progression and therapy-resistance needs to be further addressed. Thus, TNT-based communication is active in different GSLCs derived from the external tumoral areas associated to GBM relapse, and we propose that they participate together with TMs in tumor networking.
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50
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Cordero Cervantes D, Zurzolo C. Peering into tunneling nanotubes-The path forward. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105789. [PMID: 33646572 PMCID: PMC8047439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs) and TNT-like structures signified a critical turning point in the field of cell-cell communication. With hypothesized roles in development and disease progression, TNTs' ability to transport biological cargo between distant cells has elevated these structures to a unique and privileged position among other mechanisms of intercellular communication. However, the field faces numerous challenges-some of the most pressing issues being the demonstration of TNTs in vivo and understanding how they form and function. Another stumbling block is represented by the vast disparity in structures classified as TNTs. In order to address this ambiguity, we propose a clear nomenclature and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning TNTs. We also discuss their structure, formation-related pathways, biological function, as well as their proposed role in disease. Furthermore, we pinpoint gaps and dichotomies found across the field and highlight unexplored research avenues. Lastly, we review the methods employed to date and suggest the application of new technologies to better understand these elusive biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut PasteurMembrane Traffic and PathogenesisParisFrance
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