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Sammarco A, Beffagna G, Sacchetto R, Vettori A, Bonsembiante F, Scarin G, Gelain ME, Cavicchioli L, Ferro S, Geroni C, Lombardi P, Zappulli V. Antitumor Effect of Berberine Analogs in a Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Line and in Zebrafish Reporters via Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3317. [PMID: 38137538 PMCID: PMC10741123 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of human breast cancer (HBC) can still lead to therapy inefficacy and high lethality, and new therapeutics as well as new spontaneous animal models are needed to benefit translational HBC research. Dogs are primarily investigated since they spontaneously develop tumors that share many features with human cancers. In recent years, different natural phytochemicals including berberine, a plant alkaloid, have been reported to have antiproliferative activity in vitro in human cancers and rodent animal models. In this study, we report the antiproliferative activity and mechanism of action of berberine, its active metabolite berberrubine, and eight analogs, on a canine mammary carcinoma cell line and in transgenic zebrafish models. We demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo the significant effects of specific analogs on cell viability via the induction of apoptosis, also identifying their role in inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and activating the Hippo signals with a downstream reduction in CTGF expression. In particular, the berberine analogs NAX035 and NAX057 show the highest therapeutic efficacy, deserving further analyses to elucidate their mechanism of action more in detail, and in vivo studies on spontaneous neoplastic diseases are needed, aiming at improving veterinary treatments of cancer as well as translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Scarin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Cristina Geroni
- Naxospharma Srl, 20026 Novate Milanese, Italy; (C.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Paolo Lombardi
- Naxospharma Srl, 20026 Novate Milanese, Italy; (C.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.S.); (G.B.); (R.S.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (M.E.G.); (L.C.); (S.F.)
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Arul MR, Zhang C, Alahmadi I, Moss IL, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Abdulmalik S, Illien-Junger S, Kumbar SG. Novel Injectable Fluorescent Polymeric Nanocarriers for Intervertebral Disc Application. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 36826851 PMCID: PMC9961171 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to intervertebral discs (IVD) can lead to chronic pain and disability, and no current treatments can fully restore their function. Some non-surgical treatments have shown promise; however, these approaches are generally limited by burst release and poor localization of diverse molecules. In this proof-of-concept study, we developed a nanoparticle (NP) delivery system to efficiently deliver high- and low-solubility drug molecules. Nanoparticles of cellulose acetate and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol conjugated with 1-oxo-1H-pyrido [2,1-b][1,3]benzoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (PBC), a novel fluorescent dye, were prepared by the oil-in-water emulsion. Two drugs, a water insoluble indomethacin (IND) and a water soluble 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), were used to study their release patterns. Electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature and rough surface of nanoparticles. The particle size analysis revealed a hydrodynamic radius ranging ~150-162 nm based on dynamic light scattering. Zeta potential increased with PBC conjugation implying their enhanced stability. IND encapsulation efficiency was almost 3-fold higher than 4-AP, with release lasting up to 4 days, signifying enhanced solubility, while the release of 4-AP continued for up to 7 days. Nanoparticles and their drug formulations did not show any apparent cytotoxicity and were taken up by human IVD nucleus pulposus cells. When injected into coccygeal mouse IVDs in vivo, the nanoparticles remained within the nucleus pulposus cells and the injection site of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the IVD. These fluorescent nano-formulations may serve as a platform technology to deliver therapeutic agents to IVDs and other tissues that require localized drug injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Changli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Ibtihal Alahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Isaac L. Moss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Sama Abdulmalik
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Srimurugan S, K Ravi A, Vijaya Anand A, Muthukrishnan S. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus hystrix leaf extract and evaluation of its anticancer efficacy against HeLa cell line. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:480-490. [PMID: 36165580 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2130352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide despite the availability of many therapeutic options. Biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles paves a new way for the development of targeted drug delivery modalities of cancer therapeutics. OBJECTIVE In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from methanolic leaf extract of Citrus hystrix as an anticancer agent used against cervical cancer cell line HeLa. METHODS The addition of 1mM silver nitrate to methanolic leaf extract of Citrus hystrix resulted in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles during the reaction mixture and was incubated in the dark for 1 hour at pH 9 with gentle stirring. Characterization of synthesized NPs was carried out using various analyses. MTT assay, DAPI, AO/EB double staining and RT-PCR analysis were carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ChAgNPs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The absorption band at 430 nm, as shown by UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of AgNPs. SEM and TEM analysis shows that most of the ChAgNPs were spherical in shape and XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of the particles. Moreover, its potent cytotoxic effect on the HeLa cell line was analyzed using MTT assay with an IC50 value of 56 µg/ml by decreasing the cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. The induced apoptotic activity was confirmed by DAPI and double staining methods. Autophagic and apoptotic mediated cell death in ChAgNPs treated HeLa cell line were confirmed by staining procedures and RT-PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Srimurugan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjali K Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Genetics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Upaganlawar A, Polshettiwar S, Raut S, Tagalpallewar A, Pande V. Effective Cancer Management: Inimitable Role of Phytochemical Based Nano- Formulations. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:869-881. [PMID: 36065928 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220905162245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global cancer statistics defines the severity of disease even after significant research worldwide. PROBLEM Failure of the currently available treatment approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy and traditional chemotherapy. AIM The aim of this review is to discuss the role of phytochemical based nano-formulations for treatment of cancer. DISCUSSION In the past few decades, phytochemicals have gained popularity for acting as a potential anticancer treatment with low systemic toxicity, especially in terms of cell cycle control and cancer cell killing. Natural resources, with their immense structural variety, serve as a vital source of fresh, therapeutically useful new chemical entities for the treatment of cancer. Vinca alkaloids (VCR), vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine, taxanes (PTX), podophyllotoxin and its derivatives (etoposide (ETP), teniposide, camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives (topotecan, irinotecan), anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, as natural products or their derivatives account for half of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide, and they have been developed utilising the knowledge learned from the natural small molecules or macromolecules. Trabectedin, an epothilone derivative, ixabepilone, and temsirolimus, three new anticancer medications launched in 2007, were derived from microbial origins. Current therapy regimens require selective drug targeting to enhance efficacy against cancer cells while normal cells remain unharmed. Modified medications and systems for drug delivery based on nanotechnology are in the process of being explored and launched in the industry for enhanced therapy and management of cancer, along with promising outcomes. Many obstacles related to cancer cell drug delivery can be overcome by using nano-particulate drug carriers, including enhancing the stability and solubility of the drug, prolonging half-lives of the drug in the blood, decreasing side effects to undesired organs, and increasing medication concentration at the desired site. The scientific initiatives and studies concerning the use of nanotechnology for some selective compounds derived from plants are discussed in this review article. CONCLUSION The present review highlights the phytochemical-based nanoformulations and their strategies in the development of novel systems of drug delivery such as nano-liposomes, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), and polymer nano-conjugates, SNEDDS (Self nano emulsifying drug delivery system) as this review paper depicts, as well as their rewards over conventional systems of drug delivery, as evidenced by improved biological activity depicted in their in vitro and in vivo anticancer assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Polshettiwar
- School of Pharmacy Dr.Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Survey No. 124, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Sushil Raut
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune-India
| | - Amol Tagalpallewar
- School of Pharmacy Dr.Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Survey No. 124, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Vishal Pande
- N. N. Sattha College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Cheng X, Chen Q, Sun P. Natural phytochemicals that affect autophagy in the treatment of oral diseases and infections: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970596. [PMID: 36091810 PMCID: PMC9461701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical factor in eukaryotic evolution. Cells provide nutrition and energy during autophagy by destroying non-essential components, thereby allowing intracellular material conversion and managing temporary survival stress. Autophagy is linked to a variety of oral disorders, including the type and extent of oral malignancies. Furthermore, autophagy is important in lymphocyte formation, innate immunity, and the regulation of acquired immune responses. It is also required for immunological responses in the oral cavity. Knowledge of autophagy has aided in the identification and treatment of common oral disorders, most notably cancers. The involvement of autophagy in the oral immune system may offer a new understanding of the immune mechanism and provide a novel approach to eliminating harmful bacteria in the body. This review focuses on autophagy creation, innate and acquired immunological responses to autophagy, and the status of autophagy in microbial infection research. Recent developments in the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and therapeutic applications in oral illnesses, particularly oral cancers, are also discussed. Finally, the relationship between various natural substances that may be used as medications and autophagy is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Sun
- *Correspondence: Ping Sun, ; Qianming Chen,
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6
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Lokesh KN, Raichur AM. Bioactive nutraceutical ligands and their efficiency to chelate elemental iron of varying dynamic oxidation states to mitigate associated clinical conditions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:517-543. [PMID: 35943179 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The natural bioactive or nutraceuticals exhibit several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, metal chelation, antiviral, and antimicrobial activity. The inherent limitation of nutraceuticals or bioactive ligand(s) in terms of poor pharmacokinetic and other physicochemical properties affects their overall therapeutic efficiency. The excess of iron in the physiological compartments and its varying dynamic oxidation state [Fe(II) and Fe(III)] precipitates various clinical conditions such as non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), labile iron pool (LIP), ferroptosis, cancer, etc. Though several natural bioactive ligands are proposed to chelate iron, the efficiency of bioactive ligands is limited due to poor bioavailability, denticity, and other related physicochemical properties. The present review provides insight into the relevance of studying the dynamic oxidation state of iron(II) and iron(III) in the physiological compartments and its clinical significance for selecting diagnostics and therapeutic regimes. We suggested a three-pronged approach, i.e., diagnosis, selection of therapeutic regime (natural bioactive), and integration of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) or nanotechnology-based principles. This systematic approach improves the overall therapeutic efficiency of natural iron chelators to manage iron overload-related clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Lokesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Pathak N, Singh P, Singh PK, Sharma S, Singh RP, Gupta A, Mishra R, Mishra VK, Tripathi M. Biopolymeric nanoparticles based effective delivery of bioactive compounds toward the sustainable development of anticancerous therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963413. [PMID: 35911098 PMCID: PMC9334696 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, effective cancer therapy is a global concern, and recent advances in nanomedicine are crucial. Cancer is one of the major fatal diseases and a leading cause of death globally. Nanotechnology provides rapidly evolving delivery systems in science for treating diseases in a site-specific manner using natural bioactive compounds, which are gaining widespread attention. Nanotechnology combined with bioactives is a very appealing and relatively new area in cancer treatment. Natural bioactive compounds have the potential to be employed as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer, in addition to their nutritional benefits. Alginate, pullulan, cellulose, polylactic acid, chitosan, and other biopolymers have been effectively used in the delivery of therapeutics to a specific site. Because of their biodegradability, biopolymeric nanoparticles (BNPs) have received a lot of attention in the development of new anticancer drug delivery systems. Biopolymer-based nanoparticle systems can be made in a variety of ways. These systems have developed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to boost treatment efficacy. Effective drug delivery systems with improved availability, increased selectivity, and lower toxicity are needed. Recent research findings and current knowledge on the use of BNPs in the administration of bioactive chemicals in cancer therapy are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Biotechnology Programme, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajat Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Richa Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Programme, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
- *Correspondence: Manikant Tripathi
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El-Far AH, Al Jaouni SK, Li X, Fu J. Cancer metabolism control by natural products: Pyruvate kinase M2 targeting therapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3181-3201. [PMID: 35794729 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is the primary source of energy for cancer growth and metastasis. The shift in metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is called the Warburg effect. Cancer progression due to aerobic glycolysis is often associated with the activation of oncogenes or the loss of tumor suppressors. Therefore, inhibition of glycolysis is one of the effective strategies in cancer control. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme overexpressed in breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and liver cancers. Here, we discuss published studies regarding PKM2 inhibitors from natural products that are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. We have highlighted the potential of natural PKM2 inhibitors for various cancer types. Moreover, we encourage researchers to evaluate the combinational effects between natural and synthetic PKM2 inhibitors. Also, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Arts and Sciences, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Involvement of Phytochemical-Encapsulated Nanoparticles' Interaction with Cellular Signalling in the Amelioration of Benign and Malignant Brain Tumours. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113561. [PMID: 35684498 PMCID: PMC9182026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumours have unresolved challenges that include delay prognosis and lower patient survival rate. The increased understanding of the molecular pathways underlying cancer progression has aided in developing various anticancer medications. Brain cancer is the most malignant and invasive type of cancer, with several subtypes. According to the WHO, they are classified as ependymal tumours, chordomas, gangliocytomas, medulloblastomas, oligodendroglial tumours, diffuse astrocytomas, and other astrocytic tumours on the basis of their heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms. The present study is based on the most recent research trends, emphasising glioblastoma cells classified as astrocytoma. Brain cancer treatment is hindered by the failure of drugs to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is highly impregnableto foreign molecule entry. Moreover, currently available medications frequently fail to cross the BBB, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy are too expensive to be afforded by an average incomeperson and have many associated side effects. When compared to our current understanding of molecularly targeted chemotherapeutic agents, it appears that investigating the efficacy of specific phytochemicals in cancer treatment may be beneficial. Plants and their derivatives are game changers because they are efficacious, affordable, environmentally friendly, faster, and less toxic for the treatment of benign and malignant tumours. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has made a steady progress in diagnosing and treating cancers, particularly brain tumours. This article discusses the effects of phytochemicals encapsulated in nanoparticles on molecular targets in brain tumours, along with their limitations and potential challenges.
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Azees PAA, Natarajan S, Amaechi BT, Thajuddin N, Raghavendra VB, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. An empirical review on the risk factors, therapeutic strategies and materials at nanoscale for the treatment of oral malignancies. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Masyita A, Mustika Sari R, Dwi Astuti A, Yasir B, Rahma Rumata N, Emran TB, Nainu F, Simal-Gandara J. Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100217. [PMID: 35498985 PMCID: PMC9039924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the main bioactive compounds of essential oils (EOs). EOs and their major constituents confer several biological activities. EOs are potential as natural food preservatives.
Essential oils (EOs) are volatile and concentrated liquids extracted from different parts of plants. Bioactive compounds found in EOs, especially terpenes and terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiallergic. Available literature confirms that EOs exhibit antimicrobial and food preservative properties that are considered as a real potential application in food industry. Hence, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge of EOs for application in pharmaceutical and medical industries as well as their potential as food preservatives in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Reka Mustika Sari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20222, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.,Cellulosic and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ayun Dwi Astuti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Budiman Yasir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.,Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahma Rumata
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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12
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Maijaroen S, Klaynongsruang S, Roytrakul S, Konkchaiyaphum M, Taemaitree L, Jangpromma N. An Integrated Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Anticancer Properties of RT2 Antimicrobial Peptide on Human Colon Cancer (Caco-2) Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041426. [PMID: 35209215 PMCID: PMC8880037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
New selective, efficacious chemotherapy agents are in demand as traditional drugs display side effects and face growing resistance upon continued administration. To this end, bioactive molecules such as peptides are attracting interest. RT2 is a cationic peptide that was used as an antimicrobial but is being repurposed for targeting cancer. In this work, we investigate the mechanism by which this peptide targets Caco-2 human colon cancer cells, one of the most prevalent and metastatic cancers. Combining label-free proteomics with bioinformatics data, our data explore over 1000 proteins to identify 133 proteins that are downregulated and 79 proteins that are upregulated upon treatment with RT2. These changes occur in a dose-dependent manner and suggest the former group are related to anticancer cell proliferation; the latter group is closely related to apoptosis levels. The mRNA levels of several genes (FGF8, PAPSS2, CDK12, LDHA, PRKCSH, CSE1L, STARD13, TLE3, and OGDHL) were quantified using RT-qPCR and were found to be in agreement with proteomic results. Collectively, the global change in Caco-2 cell protein abundance suggests that RT2 triggers multiple mechanisms, including cell proliferation reduction, apoptosis activation, and alteration of cancerous cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachai Maijaroen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Monruedee Konkchaiyaphum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (S.K.); (M.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Antidiabetic and hypotensive effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill) I.M Johnst leaves extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Yadav KS, Srivastava N, Rai VK, Ranjana, Tandon S, Mina PR, Chanda D, Kalleti N, Rath SK, Darokar MP, Ajayakumar PV, Shanker K, Yadav NP. Cliv-92-Loaded Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Hepatoprotection-Preparation, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:259. [PMID: 34704177 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cliv-92 is a mixture of three structurally similar coumarinolignoids and a proven hepatoprotective agent. Low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability are notable hindrances for its further use. Therefore, glycyrrhetinic acid-linked chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Cliv-92 were prepared for active targeting to the liver. The nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method to avoid the use of toxic solvents/rigorous agitation. The method of preparation was optimized using a central composite design with independent variables, namely polymer: drug ratio (3:1, w/w), crosslinker concentration (0.5%), and stirring speed (750 rpm). The optimized nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 185.17 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.41, a zeta potential of 30.93 mV, and a drug loading of 16.30%. The prepared formulation showed sustained release of approximately 63% of loaded Cliv-92 over 72 h. The nanoparticles were freeze-dried for long-term storage and further characterized. The formulation was found to be biocompatible for parenteral delivery. In vivo imaging study showed that optimized nanoparticles were preferentially accumulated in the liver and successfully targeting the liver. The present study successfully demonstrated the improved pharmacokinetic properties (≈12% relative bioavailability) and efficacy profile (evidenced by in vivo and histopathological studies) of fabricated Cliv-92 nanoparticles.
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Alharbi WS, Almughem FA, Almehmady AM, Jarallah SJ, Alsharif WK, Alzahrani NM, Alshehri AA. Phytosomes as an Emerging Nanotechnology Platform for the Topical Delivery of Bioactive Phytochemicals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091475. [PMID: 34575551 PMCID: PMC8465302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of phytosome nanotechnology has a potential impact in the field of drug delivery and could revolutionize the current state of topical bioactive phytochemicals delivery. The main challenge facing the translation of the therapeutic activity of phytochemicals to a clinical setting is the extremely low absorption rate and poor penetration across biological barriers (i.e., the skin). Phytosomes as lipid-based nanocarriers play a crucial function in the enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of herbal-originated polyphenolic compounds, and make this nanotechnology a promising tool for the development of new topical formulations. The implementation of this nanosized delivery system could enhance the penetration of phytochemicals across biological barriers due to their unique physiochemical characteristics, improving their bioavailability. In this review, we provide an outlook on the current knowledge of the biological barriers of phytoconstituents topical applications. The great potential of the emerging nanotechnology in the delivery of bioactive phytochemicals is reviewed, with particular focus on phytosomes as an innovative lipid-based nanocarrier. Additionally, we compared phytosomes with liposomes as the gold standard of lipid-based nanocarriers for the topical delivery of phytochemicals. Finally, the advantages of phytosomes in topical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (S.J.J.); (W.K.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Alshaimaa M. Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Somayah J. Jarallah
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (S.J.J.); (W.K.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Wijdan K. Alsharif
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (S.J.J.); (W.K.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Nouf M. Alzahrani
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (S.J.J.); (W.K.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (S.J.J.); (W.K.A.); (N.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-509-896-863
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Biomedical Effects of the Phytonutrients Turmeric, Garlic, Cinnamon, Graviola, and Oregano: A Comprehensive Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytonutrients are plant foods that contain many natural bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, which show specific biological activities. These phytonutrients and their phytochemicals may play an important role in health care maintaining normal organism functions (as preventives) and fighting against diseases (as therapeutics). Phytonutrients’ components are the primary metabolites (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and phytochemicals or secondary metabolites (i.e., phenolics, alkaloids, organosulfides, and terpenes). For years, several phytonutrients and their phytochemicals have demonstrated specific pharmacological and therapeutic effects in human health such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and immune response. This review summarizes the effects of the most studied or the most popular phytonutrients (i.e., turmeric, garlic, cinnamon, graviola, and oregano) and any reported contraindications. This article also presents the calculated physicochemical properties of the main phytochemicals in the selected phytonutrients using Lipinski’s, Veber’s, and Ghose’s rules. Based on our revisions for this article, all these phytonutrients have consistently shown great potential as preventives and therapeutics on many diseases in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
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Translational Approaches with Antioxidant Phytochemicals against Alcohol-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030384. [PMID: 33806556 PMCID: PMC8000766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate the important roles of altered gut microbiomes (dysbiosis) in many disease states in the peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Gut dysbiosis with decreased ratios of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and other changes are reported to be caused by many disease states and various environmental factors, such as ethanol (e.g., alcohol drinking), Western-style high-fat diets, high fructose, etc. It is also caused by genetic factors, including genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic changes in different individuals. Gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier function, and elevated serum endotoxin levels can be observed in human patients and/or experimental rodent models exposed to these factors or with certain disease states. However, gut dysbiosis and leaky gut can be normalized through lifestyle alterations such as increased consumption of healthy diets with various fruits and vegetables containing many different kinds of antioxidant phytochemicals. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, endotoxemia, and fatty liver disease with a specific focus on the alcohol-associated pathways. We also mention translational approaches by discussing the benefits of many antioxidant phytochemicals and/or their metabolites against alcohol-mediated oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and fatty liver disease.
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Ahmad R, Srivastava S, Ghosh S, Khare SK. Phytochemical delivery through nanocarriers: a review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197:111389. [PMID: 33075659 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, phytochemicals encapsulated or conjugated with nanocarriers for delivery to the specific sites have gained considerable research interest. Phytochemicals are mostly plant secondary metabolites which reported to be beneficial for human health and in disease theraphy. However, these compound are large size and polar nature of these compounds, make it difficult to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), endothelial lining of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract and mucosa. Moreover, they are enzymatically degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, encapsulation or conjugation of these compounds with nanocrriers could be an alternate way to enhance their bioefficacy by influencing their gastrointestinal stability, rate of absorption and dispersion. This review presents an overview of nanocarriers alternatives which improves therapeutic value and avoid toxicity, by releasing bioactive compounds specifically at target tissues with enhanced stability and bioavailability. Future investigations may emphasize on deciphering the structural changes in nanocarriers during digestion and absorption, the difference between in-vitro and in-vivo digestion simulations, and impact of nanocarriers on the metabolism of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Ahmad
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sukriti Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shubhrima Ghosh
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Khallouki F, Breuer A, Akdad M, Laassri FE, Attaleb M, Elmoualij B, Mzibri M, Benbacer L, Owen RW. Cytotoxic activity of Moroccan Melissa officinalis leaf extracts and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of its phytoconstituents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Melissa officinalis L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant traditionally used in Morocco to treat a weave range of illness. The aim of our study was to evaluate cytotoxic activity of Moroccan Melissa officinalis leaf extracts against three human cancer cell lines, namely, MCF7, LNCAP and PC3 and to reevaluate its phytochemicals.
Results
The dichloromethane extract was found to be the most active cytotoxic extract, decreasing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, especially against the breast MCF7 cell line. The IC50 values for the dichloromethane extract against MCF7, LNCAP, and PC3 cell lines were 30.90, 71.21, and 173.93 μg/mL respectively whereas the corresponding IC50 values for the ethanol extract were 35.52, 136.40, and 237.82 μg/mL. An update of the chemical profiles of these organic extracts was conducted by GC-MS, HPLC, and HPLC-ESI-MS, and the quantity of total polyphenolic compounds (on a dry weight basis) was 61.84 g/kg and 2.86 g/kg in the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts, respectively. The major polyphenolic compounds identified in the ethanol extract were 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (II), caffeic acid (III), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IV), rosmarinic acid glucoside (V), methyl caffeate (VI), rosmarinic acid (VII), isolithospermic acid (VIII), methyl rosmarinate (IX), lithospermic acid (X), methyl isolithospermic acid (XI), and methyl lithospermic acid (XII). Of these, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), isolithospermic acid along with its methyl ester derivative are reported in Melissa officinalis leaves extract for the first time. In addition, o-tyrosol (XIII), methyl hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (XIV), and cis-rosmarinic acid (XV) were also detected in the DCM extracts. In the n-hexane extracts LCFA (palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, and stearic acids), sterols (campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol), and the vitamins (α- and β-tocopherol) were detected and identified.
Conclusion
These results indicated that Melissa officinalis L extracts possess a potent cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines and the richness of this herb in bioactive molecules justifying its use in traditional Moroccan pharmacopeia.
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Agarwal S, Maekawa T. Nano delivery of natural substances as prospective autophagy modulators in glioblastoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102270. [PMID: 32702467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most destructive type of malignant brain tumor in humans due to cancer relapse. Latest studies have indicated that cancer cells are more reliant on autophagy for survival than non-cancer cells. Autophagy is entitled as programmed cell death type II and studies imply that it is a comeback of cancer cells to innumerable anti-cancer therapies. To diminish the adverse consequences of chemotherapeutics, numerous herbs of natural origin have been retained in cancer treatments. Additionally, autophagy induction occurs via their tumor suppressive actions that could cause cell senescence and increase apoptosis-independent cell death. However, most of the drugs have poor solubility and thus nano drug delivery systems possess excessive potential to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of encapsulated drugs. There is a pronounced need for more therapies for glioblastoma treatment and hereby, the fundamental mechanisms of natural autophagy modulators in glioblastoma are prudently reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Agarwal
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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21
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The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids Against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040385. [PMID: 32224958 PMCID: PMC7230539 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea provides health benefits, while oxidation is part of tea processing. The effect of oxidation on the antithrombotic properties of tea lipid extracts was evaluated for the first time. Total lipids (TL) extracted from fresh tea leaves and commercial tea powder, before and after 30–60 min of oxidation, were further fractionated into neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL). The antithrombotic bioactivities of tea TL, PL, and NL were assessed in human platelets against the inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor. PL were further assessed against thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate, while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by GC-MS. PL exhibited the strongest antithrombotic effects against all platelet agonists and were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated (ω3 PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. A decline was observed in the antithrombotic activities, against all platelet agonists tested, for PL after 60 min of oxidation, and on their MUFA content, while their overall ω3 PUFA content and ω6/ω3 ratio remained unaffected. A synergistic effect between tea phenolic compounds and PL protects them against oxidation, which seems to be the rational for retaining the antithrombotic biofunctionalities of PL at a considerable favorable cardioprotective level, even after 60 min of tea oxidation. More studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of the favorable synergism in tea PL extracts.
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Quercetin Loaded Monolaurate Sugar Esters-Based Niosomes: Sustained Release and Mutual Antioxidant-Hepatoprotective Interplay. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020143. [PMID: 32050489 PMCID: PMC7076437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids possess different interesting biological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, unfortunately, these molecules present different bottlenecks, such as low aqueous solubility, photo and oxidative degradability, high first-pass effect, poor intestinal absorption and, hence, low systemic bioavailability. A variety of delivery systems have been developed to circumvent these drawbacks, and among them, in this work niosomes have been selected to encapsulate the hepatoprotective natural flavonoid quercetin. The aim of this study was to prepare nanosized quercetin-loaded niosomes, formulated with different monolaurate sugar esters (i.e., sorbitan C12; glucose C12; trehalose C12; sucrose C12) that act as non-ionic surfactants and with cholesterol as stabilizer (1:1 and 2:1 ratio). Niosomes were characterized under the physicochemical, thermal and morphological points of view. Moreover, after the analyses of the in vitro biocompatibility and the drug-release profile, the hepatoprotective activity of the selected niosomes was evaluated in vivo, using the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Furthermore, the levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GSH and GPX) were measured. Based on results, the best formulation selected was glucose laurate/cholesterol at molar ratio of 1:1, presenting spherical shape and a particle size (PS) of 161 ± 4.6 nm, with a drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) as high as 83.6 ± 3.7% and sustained quercetin release. These niosomes showed higher hepatoprotective effect compared to free quercetin in vivo, measuring serum biomarker enzymes (i.e., alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT and AST)) and serum biochemical parameters (i.e., alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total proteins), while following the histopathological investigation. This study confirms the ability of quercetin loaded niosomes to reverse CCl4 intoxication and to carry out an antioxidant effect.
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Blanco-Vaca F, Cedó L, Julve J. Phytosterols in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6735-6749. [PMID: 29874991 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that the manipulation of dietary components, including plant compounds termed as phytochemicals, demonstrates certain important health benefits in humans, including those in cancer. In fact, beyond their well-known cardiovascular applications, phytosterols may also possess anticancer properties, as has been demonstrated by several studies. Although the mechanism of action by which phytosterols (and derivatives) may prevent cancer development is still under investigation, data from multiple experimental studies support the hypothesis that they may modulate proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Phytosterols are generally considered safe for human consumption and may also be added to a broad spectrum of food matrices; further, they could be used in primary and secondary prevention. However, few interventional studies have evaluated the relationship between the efficacy of different types and forms of phytosterols in cancer prevention. In this context, the purpose of this review was to revisit and update the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer action of phytosterols and their potential in cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau [IRHSCSP] i Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica Sant Pau [IIB-Sant Pau], Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
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Gómez de Cedrón M, Mouhid L, García-Carrascosa E, Fornari T, Reglero G, Ramírez de Molina A. Marigold Supercritical Extract as Potential Co-adjuvant in Pancreatic Cancer: The Energetic Catastrophe Induced via BMP8B Ends Up With Autophagy-Induced Cell Death. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:455. [PMID: 32039173 PMCID: PMC6992545 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of powerful "omics" technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics) has opened new avenues in nutritional sciences toward precision nutrition, which is a genotype-directed nutrition that takes into account the differential responses to nutritional interventions based on gene variation (nutrigenetics) and the effect of nutrients on gene expression (nutrigenomics). Current evidence demonstrates that up to one third of the deaths caused by cancer could be prevented by acting on key risk factors, with diet being one of the most important risk factors due to its association with obesity. Additional factors such as composition of gut microbiome, the immune system, and the nutritional status will have an impact on the final outcome. Nutrient components and bioactive compounds from natural sources can have an impact on cancer progression or even the risk of cancer development by regulating gene expression and/or associated risk factors such as obesity and chronic inflammation. Nowadays, among the different methods to produce natural extracts, the green technology of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is quite popular, with a special interest on the use of supercritical CO2 for the extraction of compounds with low polarity. The success of nutritional interventions based on the use of nutraceuticals requires several steps: (i) in vitro and preclinical demonstration of their antitumoral effects; (ii) knowledge of their mechanism of action and molecular targets, which will allow for identification of the specific subgroups of patients who will benefit from them; (iii) the study of genetic variants associated with the differential responses; and (iv) innovative approaches of formulations to improve the in vivo bioavailability of the bioactive ingredients. Herein, we investigate the antitumoral properties and mechanism of action of a supercritical CO2 extract from Calendula officinalis, commonly known as marigold (marigold SFE) in the context of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, marigold SFE induces the expression of BMP8B, which leads to an energetic catastrophe ending up with autophagy-induced cell death (AICD). As metabolic reprogramming is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer, the direct impact of marigold SFE on pancreatic cancer cell metabolism encourages further research of its potential as a coadjuvant in pancreatic cancer therapy. Finally, we discuss innovative formulation approaches to augment the clinical therapeutic potential of marigold SFE in nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lamia Mouhid
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Carrascosa
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Supramolecular Carotenoid Complexes of Enhanced Solubility and Stability-The Way of Bioavailability Improvement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213947. [PMID: 31683692 PMCID: PMC6864715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural dyes and antioxidants widely used in food processing and in therapeutic formulations. However, their practical application is restricted by their high sensitivity to external factors such as heat, light, oxygen, metal ions and processing conditions, as well as by extremely low water solubility. Various approaches have been developed to overcome these problems. In particular, it was demonstrated that application of supramolecular complexes of “host-guest” type with water-soluble nanoparticles allows minimizing the abovementioned disadvantages. From this point of view, nanoencapsulation of carotenoids is an effective strategy to improve their stability during storage and food processing. Also, nanoencapsulation enhances bioavailability of carotenoids via modulating their release kinetics from the delivery system, influencing the solubility and absorption. In the present paper, we present the state of the art of carotenoid nanoencapsulation and summarize the data obtained during last five years on preparation, analysis and reactivity of carotenoids encapsulated into various nanoparticles. The possible mechanisms of carotenoids bioavailability enhancement by multifunctional delivery systems are also discussed.
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Lagoa R, Silva J, Rodrigues JR, Bishayee A. Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107382. [PMID: 30978386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have significant anticancer pharmacological activities, but often suffer from low bioavailability and selectivity that limit therapeutic use. The present work critically analyzes the latest advances on drug delivery systems designed to enhance pharmacokinetics, targeting, cellular uptake and efficacy of anticancer phytoconstituents. Various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, resveratrol, celastrol, curcumin, berberine and camptothecins, carried by liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and films showed promising results. Strategies to avoid drug metabolism, overcome physiological barriers and achieve higher concentration at cancer sites through skin, buccal, nasal, vaginal, pulmonary and colon targeted delivery are presented. Current limitations, challenges and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
| | - João Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Yarrow supercritical extract exerts antitumoral properties by targeting lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214294. [PMID: 30913248 PMCID: PMC6435158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is considered a hallmark of cancer. Currently, the altered lipid metabolism in cancer is a topic of interest due to the prominent role of lipids regulating the progression of various types of tumors. Lipids and lipid-derived molecules have been shown to activate growth regulatory pathways and to promote malignancy in pancreatic cancer. In a previous work, we have described the antitumoral properties of Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium) CO2 supercritical extract (Yarrow SFE) in pancreatic cancer. Herein, we aim to investigate the underlaying molecular mechanisms by which Yarrow SFE induces cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. Yarrow SFE downregulates SREBF1 and downstream molecular targets of this transcription factor, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Importantly, we demonstrate the in vivo effect of Yarrow SFE diminishing the tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that Yarrow SFE can be proposed as a complementary adjuvant or nutritional supplement in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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The delivery of sensitive food bioactive ingredients: Absorption mechanisms, influencing factors, encapsulation techniques and evaluation models. Food Res Int 2019; 120:130-140. [PMID: 31000223 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food-sourced bioactive compounds have drawn much attention due to their health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes and cardiovascular disease-preventing functions. However, the poor solubility, low stability and limited bioavailability of sensitive bioactive compounds greatly limited their application in food industry. Therefore, numbers of carriers were developed for improving their dispersibility, stability and bioavailability. This review addresses the digestion and absorption mechanisms of bioactive compounds in epithelial cells based on several well-known in vitro and in vivo models. Factors such as environmental stimuli, stomach conditions and mucus barrier influencing the utilization efficacy of the bioactive compounds are discussed. Delivery systems with enhanced utilization efficacy, such as complex coacervates, cross-linked polysaccharides, self-assembled micro-/nano-particles and Pickering emulsions are compared. It is a comprehensive multidisciplinary review which provides useful guidelines for application of bioactive compounds in food industry.
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Vázquez L, Corzo-Martínez M, Arranz-Martínez P, Barroso E, Reglero G, Torres C. Bioactive Lipids. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Mouhid L, Gómez de Cedrón M, Vargas T, García-Carrascosa E, Herranz N, García-Risco M, Reglero G, Fornari T, Ramírez de Molina A. Identification of antitumoral agents against human pancreatic cancer cells from Asteraceae and Lamiaceae plant extracts. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:254. [PMID: 30223811 PMCID: PMC6142333 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and mortal cancers. Although several drugs have been proposed for its treatment, it remains resistant and new alternatives are needed. In this context, plants and their derivatives constitute a relevant source of bioactive components which might efficiently inhibit tumor cell progression. Methods In this study, we have analyzed the potential anti-carcinogenic effect of different Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) plant extracts obtained by different green technologies (Supercritical CO2 Extraction –SFE- and Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction –UAE-) to identify efficient plant extracts against human pancreatic cancer cells that could constitute the basis of novel treatment approaches. Results Asteraceae extracts showed better results as antitumoral agents than Lamiaceae by inducing cytotoxicity and inhibiting cell transformation, and SFE extracts were most efficient than UAE extracts. In addition, SFE derived plant extracts from Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis displayed synergism with the chemotherapeutic 5-Fluororacil. Conclusion These results show how Yarrow and Marigold SFE-derived extracts can inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth, and could be proposed for a comprehensive study to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in their bioactivity with the final aim to propose them as potential adjuvants in pancreatic cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2322-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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31
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N��ez-Iglesias M, Novio S, Garc�a-Santiago C, Cartea M, Soengas P, Velasco P, Freire-Garabal M. Effects of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate on phenotypically different prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2213-2223. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.j. N��ez-Iglesias
- Screening of New Libraries Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coru�a, Spain
| | - S. Novio
- Screening of New Libraries Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coru�a, Spain
| | - C. Garc�a-Santiago
- Screening of New Libraries Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coru�a, Spain
| | - M.e. Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Biological Mission of Galicia, CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - P. Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Biological Mission of Galicia, CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - P. Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Biological Mission of Galicia, CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - M. Freire-Garabal
- Screening of New Libraries Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coru�a, Spain
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