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He L, Zhou Q, Xiu C, Shao Y, Shen D, Meng H, Le W, Chen S. Circulating proteomic biomarkers for diagnosing sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1842-1848. [PMID: 38103252 PMCID: PMC10960292 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00039/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Biomarkers are required for the early detection, prognosis prediction, and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive disease. Proteomics is an unbiased and quantitative method that can be used to detect neurochemical signatures to aid in the identification of candidate biomarkers. In this study, we used a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to screen for substantially differentially regulated proteins in ten patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared with five healthy controls. Substantial upregulation of serum proteins related to multiple functional clusters was observed in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Potential biomarkers were selected based on functionality and expression specificity. To validate the proteomics profiles, blood samples from an additional cohort comprising 100 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 100 healthy controls were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight substantially upregulated serum proteins in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were selected, of which the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide demonstrated the best discriminative ability between patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.713, P < 0.0001). To further enhance diagnostic accuracy, a multi-protein combined discriminant algorithm was developed incorporating five proteins (hemoglobin beta, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, talin-1, zyxin, and translationally-controlled tumor protein). The algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.811 and a P-value of < 0.0001, resulting in 79% sensitivity and 71% specificity for the diagnosis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subsequently, the ability of candidate biomarkers to discriminate between early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and controls, as well as patients with different disease severities, was examined. A two-protein panel comprising talin-1 and translationally-controlled tumor protein effectively distinguished early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from controls (AUC = 0.766, P < 0.0001). Moreover, the expression of three proteins (FK506 binding protein 1A, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, and hemoglobin beta-1) was found to increase with disease progression. The proteomic signatures developed in this study may help facilitate early diagnosis and monitor the progression of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when used in combination with current clinical-based parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huanyu Meng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinrui Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Jacob SM, Lee S, Kim SH, Sharkey KA, Pfeffer G, Nguyen MD. Brain-body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2024:10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7. [PMID: 38965379 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor weakness and, ultimately, respiratory paralysis and death within 3-5 years. The disease is shaped by genetics, age, sex and environmental stressors, but no cure or routine biomarkers exist for the disease. Male individuals have a higher propensity to develop ALS, and a different manifestation of the disease phenotype, than female individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain a mystery. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of ALS, examine the sexually dimorphic presentation of the disease and highlight the genetic variants and molecular pathways that might contribute to sex differences in humans and animal models of ALS. We advance the idea that sexual dimorphism in ALS arises from the interactions between the CNS and peripheral organs, involving vascular, metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal and immune systems, which are strikingly different between male and female individuals. Finally, we review the response to treatments in ALS and discuss the potential to implement future personalized therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Jacob
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sukyoung Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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3
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Scaricamazza S, Nesci V, Salvatori I, Fenili G, Rosina M, Gloriani M, Paronetto MP, Madaro L, Ferri A, Valle C. Endurance exercise has a negative impact on the onset of SOD1-G93A ALS in female mice and affects the entire skeletal muscle-motor neuron axis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360099. [PMID: 38590640 PMCID: PMC10999529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons that leads to muscle wasting and atrophy. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a causal relationship between ALS and physical activity (PA). However, the impact of PA on motor neuron loss and sarcopenia is still debated, probably because of the heterogeneity and intensities of the proposed exercises. With this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of intense endurance exercise on the onset and progression of ALS in the SOD1-G93A mouse model. Methods We randomly selected four groups of twelve 35-day-old female mice. SOD1-G93A and WT mice underwent intense endurance training on a motorized treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. During the training, we measured muscle strength, weight, and motor skills and compared them with the corresponding sedentary groups to define the disease onset. At the end of the eighth week, we analyzed the skeletal muscle-motor neuron axis by histological and molecular techniques. Results Intense endurance exercise anticipates the onset of the disease by 1 week (age of the onset: trained SOD1-G93A = 63.17 ± 2.25 days old; sedentary SOD1-G93A = 70.75 ± 2.45 days old). In SOD1-G93A mice, intense endurance exercise hastens the muscular switch to a more oxidative phenotype and worsens the denervation process by dismantling neuromuscular junctions in the tibialis anterior, enhancing the Wallerian degeneration in the sciatic nerve, and promoting motor neuron loss in the spinal cord. The training exacerbates neuroinflammation, causing immune cell infiltration in the sciatic nerve and a faster activation of astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord. Conclusion Intense endurance exercise, acting on skeletal muscles, worsens the pathological hallmarks of ALS, such as denervation and neuroinflammation, brings the onset forward, and accelerates the progression of the disease. Our findings show the potentiality of skeletal muscle as a target for both prognostic and therapeutic strategies; the preservation of skeletal muscle health by specific intervention could counteract the dying-back process and protect motor neurons from death. The physiological characteristics and accessibility of skeletal muscle further enhance its appeal as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Nesci
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Fenili
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rosina
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, PTV Foundation Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Gloriani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Madaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
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4
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Urushitani M, Nakamura R. Hypermetabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Step Ahead Toward Global Consensus. Neurology 2024; 102:e209179. [PMID: 38350049 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Urushitani
- From the Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nakamura
- From the Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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5
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Lee I, Mitsumoto H, Lee S, Kasarskis E, Rosenbaum M, Factor-Litvak P, Nieves JW. Higher Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Diet Is Associated with Slower Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:217-229. [PMID: 37975189 PMCID: PMC10842093 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-caloric diets may slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; however, key macronutrients have not been identified. We examined whether dietary macronutrients are associated with the rate of progression and length of survival among the prospective cohort study participants. METHODS Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis enrolled in the Multicenter Cohort Study of Oxidative Stress were included (n = 304). We evaluated baseline macronutrient intake assessed by food frequency questionnaire in relation to change in revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale total-score, and tracheostomy-free survival using linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Baseline age, sex, disease duration, diagnostic certainty, body mass index, bulbar onset, revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale total-score, and forced vital capacity were included as covariates. RESULTS Baseline higher glycemic index and load were associated with less decline of revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale total score at 3-month follow-up (β = -0.13, 95% CI -0.2, -0.01, p = 0.03) and (β = -0.01, 95% CI -0.03, -0.0007, p = 0.04), respectively. Glycemic index second-quartile, third-quartile, and fourth-quartile groups were associated with less decline at 3 months by 1.9 (95% CI -3.3, -0.5, p = 0.008), 2.0 (95% CI -3.3, -0.6, p = 0.006), and 1.6 (95% CI -3.0, -0.2, p = 0.03) points compared with the first-quartile group; the glycemic load fourth-quartile group had 1.4 points less decline compared with the first-quartile group (95% CI -2.8, 0.1, p = 0.07). Higher glycemic index was associated with a trend toward longer tracheostomy-free survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93, 1.00, p = 0.07). INTERPRETATION Higher dietary glycemic index and load are associated with slower disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:217-229.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikjae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Kasarskis
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeri W Nieves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Ludolph A, Dupuis L, Kasarskis E, Steyn F, Ngo S, McDermott C. Nutritional and metabolic factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:511-524. [PMID: 37500993 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that is classically thought to impact the motor system. Over the past 20 years, research has started to consider the contribution of non-motor symptoms and features of the disease, and how they might affect ALS prognosis. Of the non-motor features of the disease, nutritional status (for example, malnutrition) and metabolic balance (for example, weight loss and hypermetabolism) have been consistently shown to contribute to more rapid disease progression and/or earlier death. Several complex cellular changes observed in ALS, including mitochondrial dysfunction, are also starting to be shown to contribute to bioenergetic failure. The resulting energy depletion in high energy demanding neurons makes them sensitive to apoptosis. Given that nutritional and metabolic stressors at the whole-body and cellular level can impact the capacity to maintain optimal function, these factors present avenues through which we can identify novel targets for treatment in ALS. Several clinical trials are now underway evaluating the effectiveness of modifying energy balance in ALS, making this article timely in reviewing the evidence base for metabolic and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Site Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, UMR-S1118, Centre de Recherches en Biomédecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Edward Kasarskis
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederik Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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7
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Barone C, Qi X. Altered Metabolism in Motor Neuron Diseases: Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Target. Cells 2023; 12:1536. [PMID: 37296656 PMCID: PMC10252517 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor Neuron Diseases (MND) are neurological disorders characterized by a loss of varying motor neurons resulting in decreased physical capabilities. Current research is focused on hindering disease progression by determining causes of motor neuron death. Metabolic malfunction has been proposed as a promising topic when targeting motor neuron loss. Alterations in metabolism have also been noted at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and skeletal muscle tissue, emphasizing the importance of a cohesive system. Finding metabolism changes consistent throughout both neurons and skeletal muscle tissue could pose as a target for therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on metabolic deficits reported in MNDs and propose potential therapeutic targets for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA;
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8
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Dučić T, Koch JC. Synchrotron-Based Fourier-Transform Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients Reveals a Unique Biomolecular Profile. Cells 2023; 12:1451. [PMID: 37296572 PMCID: PMC10253168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, with the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder affecting motoneurons. Although disruptions in macromolecular conformation and homeostasis have been described in association with ALS, the underlying pathological mechanisms are still not completely understood, and unambiguous biomarkers are lacking. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is appealing to extensive interest due to its potential to resolve biomolecular conformation and content, as this approach offers a non-invasive, label-free identification of specific biologically relevant molecules in a few microliters of CSF sample. Here, we analyzed the CSF of 33 ALS patients compared to 32 matched controls using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis and demonstrated major differences in the molecular contents. A significant change in the conformation and concentration of RNA is demonstrated. Moreover, significantly increased glutamate and carbohydrates are found in ALS. Moreover, key markers of lipid metabolism are strongly altered; specifically, we find a decrease in unsaturated lipids and an increase in peroxidation of lipids in ALS, whereas the total amount of lipids compared to proteins is reduced. Our study demonstrates that FTIR characterization of CSF could represent a powerful tool for ALS diagnosis and reveals central features of ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Dučić
- CELLS−ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Maksimovic K, Youssef M, You J, Sung HK, Park J. Evidence of Metabolic Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Patients and Animal Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050863. [PMID: 37238732 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventual death. Research from the past few decades has appreciated that ALS is not only a disease of the motor neurons but also a disease that involves systemic metabolic dysfunction. This review will examine the foundational research of understanding metabolic dysfunction in ALS and provide an overview of past and current studies in ALS patients and animal models, spanning from full systems to various metabolic organs. While ALS-affected muscle tissue exhibits elevated energy demand and a fuel preference switch from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation, adipose tissue in ALS undergoes increased lipolysis. Dysfunctions in the liver and pancreas contribute to impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. The central nervous system (CNS) displays abnormal glucose regulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. Importantly, the hypothalamus, a brain region that controls whole-body metabolism, undergoes atrophy associated with pathological aggregates of TDP-43. This review will also cover past and present treatment options that target metabolic dysfunction in ALS and provide insights into the future of metabolism research in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Maksimovic
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mohieldin Youssef
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Systematic review and meta-analysis on microRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 2023; 194:82-89. [PMID: 36681253 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progress of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have shown abnormal levels of miRNA expression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Clinical data also confirmed that miRNAs in these patients are inconsistent across studies. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of current studies can help recognize the important roles of miRNAs during ALS development. Therefore, we initially aimed to perform a systematic literature review on the muscle or serum miRNAs in patients with ALS and healthy individuals. Subsequently, we quantitatively summarized the clinical data of muscle or serum miRNA of patients with ALS and healthy individuals using a meta-analytical technique. 11 studies comprising 281 patients with ALS and 244 healthy control (HC) controls were identified from PubMed and Web of Science for meta-analysis. A systematic review revealed that miRNA levels are closely associated with the occurrence of ALS disease. The expression levels of the most relevant miRNAs were either increased or decreased. The random-effects meta-analysis indicated that the levels of miR-206, miR-133b, and miR-338-3p were significantly elevated in patients with ALS than in HC subjects. By contrast, there was no significant differences in the miR-133a levels between patients with ALS and HC subjects. Collectively, our outcomes demonstrated that serum miR-206, miR-133b, and miR-338-3p were significantly increased in patients with ALS. We speculated that the increased expression levels of miR-206, miR-133b and miR-338-3p are potential promising biomarkers for ALS.
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11
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Barone M, Leo AD, de van der Schueren MAE. Malnutrition assessment by Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nutrition 2023; 109:111997. [PMID: 36905838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition can play an important prognostic role in terms of survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this clinical context, applying criteria defining malnutrition requires particular attention, especially in the initial stage of the disease. This article discusses the application of the most recent criteria used for the definition of malnutrition when applied to patients with ALS. Currently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, which have received a worldwide consensus, are based on parameters such as unintentional weight loss, low body mass index (BMI), and reduced muscle mass (phenotypic criteria) in combination with reduced food intake and assimilation or inflammation and disease (etiologic criteria). However, as discussed in this review, the initial unintentional weight loss and the consequent BMI reduction could be attributed, at least in part, to muscle atrophy, which also alters the reliability of muscle mass assessment. Moreover, the condition of hypermetabolism, which is observed in up to 50% of these patients, may complicate the calculation of total energy requirements. Finally, it remains to be established if the presence of neuroinflammation can be considered a type of inflammatory process able to induce malnutrition in these patients. In conclusion, the monitoring of BMI, associated with body composition evaluation by bioimpedance measurement or specific formulas, could be a practicable approach to the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with ALS. In addition, attention should be given to dietary intake (e.g., in patients with dysphagia) and excessive involuntary weight loss. On the other hand, as suggested by GLIM criteria, a single assessment of BMI resulting in <20 kg/m2 or <22 kg/m2 in patients aged <70 y and ≥70 y, respectively, should always be considered a sign of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marian A E de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, School of Allied Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Shoesmith C. Palliative care principles in ALS. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 191:139-155. [PMID: 36599506 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824535-4.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive dysphagia, dysarthria, extremity weakness, and dyspnea. Although there are some disease-modifying pharmacological treatments available which can modestly slow disease progression, the disease is relentlessly progressive and is ultimately fatal. Patients living with ALS should be supported using the principles of palliative care, and in particular, the use of a holistic approach to support the patients and their families. Evidence would support management of patients living with ALS by a multidisciplinary ALS specialty clinic. These multidisciplinary clinics will help support the multitude of symptoms a patient living with ALS can experience, including dysphagia, communication impairments, dexterity impairments, mobility deficits, and respiratory insufficiency. Formal involvement of specialist-trained palliative practitioners can occur throughout the course of the illness, or when the patient is open to their involvement. There are several models of palliative care that can be followed, including integration of palliative care into the multidisciplinary ALS clinic, separate involvement of a palliative care specialty team, home-based palliative care, telemedicine supported care, and hospice care. Key components of palliative care in ALS are goals-of-care discussions advance directive planning, symptoms management, and end-of-life support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Shoesmith
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
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13
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Ogbu D, Zhang Y, Claud K, Xia Y, Sun J. Target Metabolites to Slow Down Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121253. [PMID: 36557291 PMCID: PMC9784240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites affect the neuron system and muscle cell functions. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neuromuscular disease. Our previous study has demonstrated elevated intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the microbiome in patients with ALS and an ALS mouse model (human-SOD1G93A transgenic mice). However, the metabolites in ALS progression are unknown. Using an unbiased global metabolomic measurement and targeted measurement, we investigated the longitudinal changes of fecal metabolites in SOD1G93A mice over the course of 13 weeks. We further compared the changes of metabolites and inflammatory response in age-matched wild-type (WT) and SOD1G93A mice treated with the bacterial product butyrate. We found changes in carbohydrate levels, amino acid metabolism, and the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Shifts in several microbially contributed catabolites of aromatic amino acids agree with butyrate-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. Declines in gamma-glutamyl amino acids in feces may stem from differential expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in response to butyrate administration. Due to the signaling nature of amino acid-derived metabolites, these changes indicate changes in inflammation, e.g., histamine, and contribute to differences in systemic levels of neurotransmitters, e.g., γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Butyrate treatment was able to restore some of the healthy metabolites in ALS mice. Moreover, microglia in the spinal cord were measured by IBA1 staining. Butyrate treatment significantly suppressed the IBA1 level in the SOD1G93A mice. Serum IL-17 and LPS were significantly reduced in the butyrate-treated SOD1G93A mice. We have demonstrated an inter-organ communications link among microbial metabolites, neuroactive metabolites from the gut, and inflammation in ALS progression. The study supports the potential to use metabolites as ALS hallmarks and for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Katerina Claud
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.S.)
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14
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Swaroop RS, Pradhan SS, Darshan VMD, Phalguna KS, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated network pharmacology approach shows a potential role of Ginseng catechins and ginsenosides in modulating protein aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:333. [PMID: 36330377 PMCID: PMC9622974 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. The disease is characterized by protein aggregates. The symptoms include weakness, denervation of muscles, atrophy and progressive paralysis of bulbar and respiratory muscles and dysphagia. Various secondary metabolites are evaluated for their ability to improve symptoms in ALS. Ginseng has been traditionally used for treating several neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies using model systems have shown a potential role of Ginseng catechins and Ginsenosides in clearing protein aggregation associated with ALS. We focus on Network pharmacology approach to understand the effect of Ginseng catechins or ginsenosides on protein aggregation associated with ALS. A catechin/ginsenoside-protein interaction network was generated and the pathways obtained were compared with those obtained from transcriptomic datasets of ALS from GEO database. Knock out of MAPK14, AKT and GSK from Catechin and BACE 1 from ginsenoside modulated pathways inhibited protein aggregation. Catechins and ginsenosides have potential as therapeutic agents in the management of ALS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - V. M. Datta Darshan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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15
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Theme 07 - Pre-Clinical Therapeutic Strategies. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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McCluskey G, Donaghy C, Morrison KE, McConville J, Duddy W, Duguez S. The Role of Sphingomyelin and Ceramide in Motor Neuron Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091418. [PMID: 36143200 PMCID: PMC9501626 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Spinal Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are motor neuron diseases (MNDs) characterised by progressive motor neuron degeneration, weakness and muscular atrophy. Lipid dysregulation is well recognised in each of these conditions and occurs prior to neurodegeneration. Several lipid markers have been shown to predict prognosis in ALS. Sphingolipids are complex lipids enriched in the central nervous system and are integral to key cellular functions including membrane stability and signalling pathways, as well as being mediators of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This review highlights the metabolism of sphingomyelin (SM), the most abundant sphingolipid, and of its metabolite ceramide, and its role in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, focusing on MNDs. We also review published lipidomic studies in MNDs. In the 13 studies of patients with ALS, 12 demonstrated upregulation of multiple SM species and 6 demonstrated upregulation of ceramides. SM species also correlated with markers of clinical progression in five of six studies. These data highlight the potential use of SM and ceramide as biomarkers in ALS. Finally, we review potential therapeutic strategies for targeting sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McCluskey
- Personalised Medicine Center, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
- Department of Neurology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, BT47 6SB, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Colette Donaghy
- Department of Neurology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry, BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 6AG, UK
| | - John McConville
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Department of Neurology, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast BT16 1RH, UK
| | - William Duddy
- Personalised Medicine Center, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Personalised Medicine Center, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Derry BT47 6SB, UK
- Correspondence:
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17
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Cunha-Oliveira T, Carvalho M, Sardão V, Ferreiro E, Mena D, Pereira FB, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Silva FSG. Integrative Profiling of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Lymphoblasts Identifies Unique Metabolic and Mitochondrial Disease Fingerprints. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6373-6396. [PMID: 35933467 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a rapid progression and no effective treatment. Metabolic and mitochondrial alterations in peripheral tissues of ALS patients may present diagnostic and therapeutic interest. We aimed to identify mitochondrial fingerprints in lymphoblast from ALS patients harboring SOD1 mutations (mutSOD1) or with unidentified mutations (undSOD1), compared with age-/sex-matched controls. Three groups of lymphoblasts, from mutSOD1 or undSOD1 ALS patients and age-/sex-matched controls, were obtained from Coriell Biobank and divided into 3 age-/sex-matched cohorts. Mitochondria-associated metabolic pathways were analyzed using Seahorse MitoStress and ATP Rate assays, complemented with metabolic phenotype microarrays, metabolite levels, gene expression, and protein expression and activity. Pooled (all cohorts) and paired (intra-cohort) analyses were performed by using bioinformatic tools, and the features with higher information gain values were selected and used for principal component analysis and Naïve Bayes classification. Considering the group as a target, the features that contributed to better segregation of control, undSOD1, and mutSOD1 were found to be the protein levels of Tfam and glycolytic ATP production rate. Metabolic phenotypic profiles in lymphoblasts from ALS patients with mutSOD1 and undSOD1 revealed unique age-dependent different substrate oxidation profiles. For most parameters, different patterns of variation in experimental endpoints in lymphoblasts were found between cohorts, which may be due to the age or sex of the donor. In the present work, we investigated several metabolic and mitochondrial hallmarks in lymphoblasts from each donor, and although a high heterogeneity of results was found, we identified specific metabolic and mitochondrial fingerprints, especially protein levels of Tfam and glycolytic ATP production rate, that may have a diagnostic and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marcelo Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vilma Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Débora Mena
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- CISUC-Center for Informatics & Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute of Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena S G Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Mitotag Lda, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal.
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18
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Sai Swaroop R, Akhil PS, Sai Sanwid P, Bandana P, Raksha RK, Meghana M, Bibha C, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated multi-omic data analysis and validation with yeast model show oxidative phosphorylation modulates protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-20. [PMID: 35749136 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2090441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive, incurable amyloid aggregating neurodegenerative disease involving the motor neurons. Identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets can assist in the better management of the disease. We used an integrative approach encompassing analysis of transcriptomic datasets of human and mice from the GEO database. Our analysis of ALS patient datasets showed deregulation in Non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease and oxidative phosphorylation. Transgenic mice datasets of SOD1, FUS and TDP-43 showed deregulation in oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome-associated pathways. Commonality analysis between the human and mice datasets showed oxidative phosphorylation as a major deregulated pathway. Further, protein-protein and protein-drug interaction network analysis of mitochondrial electron transport chain showed enrichment of proteins and inhibitors of mitochondrial Complex III and IV. The results were further validated using the yeast model system. Inhibitor studies using metformin (Complex-I inhibitor) and malonate (Complex-II inhibitor) did not show any effect in mitigating the amyloids, while antimycin (Complex-III inhibitor) and azide (Complex-IV inhibitor) reduced amyloidogenesis. Knock-out of QCR8 (Complex-III) or COX8 (Complex-IV) cleared the amyloids. Taken together, our results show a critical role for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in amyloidogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target in ALS.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Dept. of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P S Akhil
- Disease Biology Lab, Dept. of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Scientist B, Central Water and Power Research Station, Khadakwasla, Pune
| | - Pradhan Sai Sanwid
- Disease Biology Lab, Dept. of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rao K Raksha
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Meghana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Choudhary Bibha
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Dept. of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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19
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Investigation of the prognostic predictive value of serum lipid profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: roles of sex and hypermetabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1826. [PMID: 35115598 PMCID: PMC8814149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic predictive value of lipid profiling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the value of the levels of serum lipids, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG), for predicting the prognosis in ALS. This was a single-center retrospective study of 78 patients with ALS. The serum lipid profiles at the first hospital visit after symptom onset were analyzed to determine the correlations of lipids with survival and physical parameters, including nutritional, respiratory, and metabolic conditions. The cutoff level for high HDL was defined as the third quartile, while that of low LDL and TG, as the first quartile. Hypermetabolism was defined as the ratio of resting energy expenditure to lean soft tissue mass ≥ 38 kcal/kg. High HDL was an independent factor for poor prognosis in all patients (hazards ratio [HR]: 9.87, p < 0.001) in the Cox proportional hazard model, including %vital capacity and the monthly decline rate in body mass index and the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Functional Rating Scale score from symptom onset to diagnosis. Low LDL was a factor for poor prognosis (HR: 6.59, p = 0.017) only in women. Moreover, subgroup analyses with log-rank tests revealed that the prognostic predictive value of high HDL was evident only in the presence of hypermetabolism (p = 0.005). High HDL predicts poor prognosis in all patients, whereas low LDL, only in women. Hypermetabolism and high HDL synergistically augment the negative effect on prognosis.
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20
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Ferrer-Donato A, Contreras A, Fernandez P, Fernandez-Martos CM. The potential benefit of leptin therapy against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2465. [PMID: 34935299 PMCID: PMC8785645 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting leptin could represent a rational strategy to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as previously clinical studies have shown its levels to be associated with a lower risk of ALS disease. However, very little is known about the potential influence of leptin in altering disease progression in ALS, as it has thus far been correlated with the protection exerted by increased fat mass stores. METHODS We studied the impact of leptin treatment beginning at 42-days of age (asymptomatic stage of disease) in the TDP-43 (TDP43A315T ) transgenic (Tg) ALS mouse model. RESULTS Our study shows that leptin treatment was associated with altered expression of adipokines and metabolic proteins in TDP43A315T mice. We also observed that weight loss decline was less prominent after leptin treatment in TDP43A315T mice relative to vehicle-treated animals. In TDP43A315T mice treated with leptin the disease duration lasted longer along with an improvement in motor performance relative to vehicle-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results support leptin as a potential novel treatment approach for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agueda Ferrer-Donato
- Neurometabolism Research Lab., Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Salud (CEINSA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernandez
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M Fernandez-Martos
- Neurometabolism Research Lab., Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.,Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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21
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Scaricamazza S, Salvatori I, Amadio S, Nesci V, Torcinaro A, Giacovazzo G, Primiano A, Gloriani M, Candelise N, Pieroni L, Loeffler JP, Renè F, Quessada C, Tefera TW, Wang H, Steyn FJ, Ngo ST, Dobrowolny G, Lepore E, Urbani A, Musarò A, Volonté C, Ferraro E, Coccurello R, Valle C, Ferri A. Repurposing of Trimetazidine for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a study in SOD1 G93A mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1732-1752. [PMID: 34783031 PMCID: PMC9305494 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, progressive wasting and paralysis of voluntary muscles and is currently incurable. Although considered to be a pure motor neuron disease, increasing evidence indicates that the sole protection of motor neurons by a single targeted drug is not sufficient to improve the pathological phenotype. We therefore evaluated the therapeutic potential of the multi‐target drug used to treatment of coronary artery disease, trimetazidine, in SOD1G93A mice. Experimental Approach As a metabolic modulator, trimetazidine improves glucose metabolism. Furthermore, trimetazidine enhances mitochondrial metabolism and promotes nerve regeneration, exerting an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effect. We orally treated SOD1G93A mice with trimetazidine, solubilized in drinking water at a dose of 20 mg kg−1, from disease onset. We assessed the impact of trimetazidine on disease progression by studying metabolic parameters, grip strength and histological alterations in skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves and the spinal cord. Key Results Trimetazidine administration delays motor function decline, improves muscle performance and metabolism, and significantly extends overall survival of SOD1G93A mice (increased median survival of 16 days and 12.5 days for male and female respectively). Moreover, trimetazidine prevents the degeneration of neuromuscular junctions, attenuates motor neuron loss and reduces neuroinflammation in the spinal cord and in peripheral nerves. Conclusion and Implications In SOD1G93A mice, therapeutic effect of trimetazidine is underpinned by its action on mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scaricamazza
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Torcinaro
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurology (IBCN), Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Candelise
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederique Renè
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Quessada
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tesfaye W Tefera
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- University of Roma "La Sapienza", DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Lepore
- University of Roma "La Sapienza", DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- University of Roma "La Sapienza", DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science (IASI), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Coccurello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Complex System (ISC), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Rome, Italy
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22
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Alterations in Leptin Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910305. [PMID: 34638645 PMCID: PMC8508891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been suggested to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease. This adipokine has previously been shown to be associated with a lower risk of ALS and to confer a survival advantage in ALS patients. However, the role of leptin in the progression of ALS is unknown. Indeed, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying leptin's effects in the pathogenesis of ALS is very limited, and it is fundamental to determine whether alterations in leptin's actions take place in this neurodegenerative disease. To characterize the association between leptin signaling and the clinical course of ALS, we assessed the mRNA and protein expression profiles of leptin, the long-form of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), and leptin-related signaling pathways at two different stages of the disease (onset and end-stage) in TDP-43A315T mice compared to age-matched WT littermates. In addition, at selected time-points, an immunoassay analysis was conducted to characterize plasma levels of total ghrelin, the adipokines resistin and leptin, and metabolic proteins (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin and glucagon) in TDP-43A315T mice compared to WT controls. Our results indicate alterations in leptin signaling in the spinal cord and the hypothalamus on the backdrop of TDP-43-induced deficits in mice, providing new evidence about the pathways that could link leptin signaling to ALS.
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23
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Nakamura R, Kurihara M, Ogawa N, Kitamura A, Yamakawa I, Bamba S, Sanada M, Sasaki M, Urushitani M. Prognostic prediction by hypermetabolism varies depending on the nutritional status in early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17943. [PMID: 34504168 PMCID: PMC8429558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether hypermetabolism could predict the prognosis of early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with differing nutritional profiles. This single-center, retrospective study examined the prognosis of ALS patients with hypermetabolism in relation to their nutritional status at hospitalization. The metabolic state was estimated by the ratio of measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) to lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) (mREE/LSTM), wherein patients with ratios ≥ 38 were defined as hypermetabolic. Malnutrition was defined as %ideal body weight < 0.9. Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. The hypermetabolic group had shorter survival in the normal-weight group but more prolonged survival in the malnutrition group. Multiplication of nutritional and metabolic factors, such as [(body mass index (BMI) − 19.8) × (mREE/LSTM − 38)], designated as BMI-muscle metabolism index (BMM index), successfully predicted the prognosis in the group with a high BMM index (≥ 1), which showed shorter survival and a faster rate of weight loss and functional decline. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model showed high BMM index was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 4.05; p = 0.025). Prognostic prediction by hypermetabolism varies depending on the nutritional status in ALS, and the BMM index is a consistent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mika Kurihara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamakawa
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sanada
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaya Sasaki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Makoto Urushitani
- Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease targeting upper and lower motor neurons, inexorably leading to an early death. Defects in energy metabolism have been associated with ALS, including weight loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased body fat mass and increased use of lipid nutrients at the expense of carbohydrates. We review here recent findings on impaired energy metabolism in ALS, and its clinical importance. RECENT FINDINGS Hypothalamic atrophy, as well as alterations in hypothalamic peptides controlling energy metabolism, have been associated with metabolic derangements. Recent studies showed that mutations causing familial ALS impact various metabolic pathways, in particular mitochondrial function, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which could underlie these metabolic defects in patients. Importantly, slowing weight loss, through high caloric diets, is a promising therapeutic strategy, and early clinical trials indicated that it might improve survival in at least a subset of patients. More research is needed to improve these therapeutic strategies, define pharmacological options, and refine the population of ALS patients that would benefit from these approaches. SUMMARY Dysfunctional energy homeostasis is a major feature of ALS clinical picture and emerges as a potential therapeutic target.
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25
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Méndez-López I, Sancho-Bielsa FJ, Engel T, García AG, Padín JF. Progressive Mitochondrial SOD1 G93A Accumulation Causes Severe Structural, Metabolic and Functional Aberrations through OPA1 Down-Regulation in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158194. [PMID: 34360957 PMCID: PMC8347639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the “non-autonomous motor neuron death” hypothesis has become more consolidated behind amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It postulates that cells other than motor neurons participate in the pathology. In fact, the involvement of the autonomic nervous system is fundamental since patients die of sudden death when they become unable to compensate for cardiorespiratory arrest. Mitochondria are thought to play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of ALS, as they are compromised in multiple ALS models in different cell types, and it also occurs in other neurodegenerative diseases. Our study aimed to uncover mitochondrial alterations in the sympathoadrenal system of a mouse model of ALS, from a structural, bioenergetic and functional perspective during disease instauration. We studied the adrenal chromaffin cell from mutant SOD1G93A mouse at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. The mitochondrial accumulation of the mutated SOD1G93A protein and the down-regulation of optic atrophy protein-1 (OPA1) provoke mitochondrial ultrastructure alterations prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. These changes affect mitochondrial fusion dynamics, triggering mitochondrial maturation impairment and cristae swelling, with increased size of cristae junctions. The functional consequences are a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in the bioenergetics profile, with reduced maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria, as well as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. This study identifies mitochondrial dynamics regulator OPA1 as an interesting therapeutic target in ALS. Additionally, our findings in the adrenal medulla gland from presymptomatic stages highlight the relevance of sympathetic impairment in this disease. Specifically, we show new SOD1G93A toxicity pathways affecting cellular energy metabolism in non-motor neurons, which offer a possible link between cell specific metabolic phenotype and the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Méndez-López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Francisco J. Sancho-Bielsa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Juan Fernando Padín
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.G.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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26
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D’Amico E, Grosso G, Nieves JW, Zanghì A, Factor-Litvak P, Mitsumoto H. Metabolic Abnormalities, Dietary Risk Factors and Nutritional Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072273. [PMID: 34209133 PMCID: PMC8308334 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to a relentless paralysis of skeletal muscles and eventual respiratory failure. Although a small percentage of patients may have a longer survival time (up to 10 years), in most cases, the median survival time is from 20 to 48 months. The pathogenesis and risk factors for ALS are still unclear: among the various aspects taken into consideration, metabolic abnormalities and nutritional factors have been the focus of recent interests. Although there are no consistent findings regarding prior type-2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and ALS incidence, abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism may be linked to disease progression, leading to a relatively longer survival (probably as a result of counteract malnutrition and cachexia in the advanced stages of the disease). Among potential dietary risk factors, a higher risk of ALS has been associated with an increased intake of glutamate, while the consumption of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as vitamin E, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, has been related to lower incidence. Poor nutritional status and weight loss in ALS resulting from poor oral intake, progressive muscle atrophy, and the potential hypermetabolic state have been associated with rapid disease progression. It seems important to routinely perform a nutritional assessment of ALS patients at the earliest referral: weight maintenance (if adequate) or gain (if underweight) is suggested from the scientific literature; evidence of improved diet quality (in terms of nutrients and limits for pro-inflammatory dietary factors) and glucose and lipid control is yet to be confirmed, but it is advised. Further research is warranted to better understand the role of nutrition and the underlying metabolic abnormalities in ALS, and their contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms leading to ALS initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954-781-187
| | - Jeri W. Nieves
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Aurora Zanghì
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, The Neurological Institute of New York Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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27
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Giagnorio E, Malacarne C, Mantegazza R, Bonanno S, Marcuzzo S. MyomiRs and their multifaceted regulatory roles in muscle homeostasis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269129. [PMID: 34137441 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). The main clinical features of ALS are motor function impairment, progressive muscle weakness, muscle atrophy and, ultimately, paralysis. Intrinsic skeletal muscle deterioration plays a crucial role in the disease and contributes to ALS progression. Currently, there are no effective treatments for ALS, highlighting the need to obtain a deeper understanding of the molecular events underlying degeneration of both MNs and muscle tissue, with the aim of developing successful therapies. Muscle tissue is enriched in a group of microRNAs called myomiRs, which are effective regulators of muscle homeostasis, plasticity and myogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. After providing an overview of ALS pathophysiology, with a focus on the role of skeletal muscle, we review the current literature on myomiR network dysregulation as a contributing factor to myogenic perturbations and muscle atrophy in ALS. We argue that, in view of their critical regulatory function at the interface between MNs and skeletal muscle fiber, myomiRs are worthy of further investigation as potential molecular targets of therapeutic strategies to improve ALS symptoms and counteract disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Giagnorio
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy.,PhD program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Malacarne
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy.,PhD program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonanno
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcuzzo
- Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
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28
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Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060867. [PMID: 34200812 PMCID: PMC8230511 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder which affects the motor neurons. Growing evidence suggests that ALS may impact the metabolic system, including the glucose metabolism. Several studies investigated the role of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as risk and/or prognostic factor. However, a clear correlation between DM and ALS has not been defined. In this review, we focus on the role of DM in ALS, examining the different hypotheses on how perturbations of glucose metabolism may interact with the pathophysiology and the course of ALS. METHODS We undertook an independent PubMed literature search, using the following search terms: ((ALS) OR (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) OR (Motor Neuron Disease)) AND ((Diabetes) OR (Glucose Intolerance) OR (Hyperglycemia)). Review and original articles were considered. RESULTS DM appears not to affect ALS severity, progression, and survival. Contrasting data suggested a protective role of DM on the occurrence of ALS in elderly and an opposite effect in younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS The actual clinical and pathophysiological correlation between DM and ALS is unclear. Large longitudinal prospective studies are needed. Achieving large sample sizes comparable to those of common complex diseases like DM is a challenge for a rare disease like ALS. Collaborative efforts could overcome this specific issue.
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29
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Edlund AK, Chen K, Lee W, Protas H, Su Y, Reiman E, Caselli R, Nielsen HM. Plasma Apolipoprotein E3 and Glucose Levels Are Associated in APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 Carriers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:339-354. [PMID: 33814450 PMCID: PMC8203224 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cerebral glucose metabolism, especially prominent in APOE ɛ4 carriers, occurs years prior to symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently found an association between a higher ratio of plasma apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) over apoE3, and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in cognitively healthy APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. Plasma apoE does not cross the blood-brain barrier, hence we speculate that apoE is linked to peripheral glucose metabolism which is known to affect glucose metabolism in the brain. OBJECTIVE Explore potential associations between levels of plasma insulin and glucose with previously acquired plasma apoE, cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRgl), gray matter volume, and neuropsychological test scores. METHODS Plasma insulin and glucose levels were determined by ELISA and a glucose oxidase assay whereas apoE levels were earlier quantified by mass-spectrometry in 128 cognitively healthy APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. Twenty-five study subjects had previously undergone FDG-PET and structural MRI. RESULTS Lower plasma apoE3 associated with higher plasma glucose but not insulin in male subjects and subjects with a body mass index above 25. Negative correlations were found between plasma glucose and CMRgl in the left prefrontal and bilateral occipital regions. These associations may have functional implications since glucose levels in turn were negatively associated with neuropsychological test scores. CONCLUSION Plasma apoE3 but not apoE4 may be involved in insulin-independent processes governing plasma glucose levels. Higher plasma glucose, which negatively affects brain glucose metabolism, was associated with lower plasma apoE levels in APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. High plasma glucose and low apoE levels may be a hazardous combination leading to an increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Edlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hillary Protas
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Reiman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Neurogenomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Richard Caselli
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Scaricamazza S, Salvatori I, Ferri A, Valle C. Skeletal Muscle in ALS: An Unappreciated Therapeutic Opportunity? Cells 2021; 10:cells10030525. [PMID: 33801336 PMCID: PMC8000428 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and by the progressive weakness and paralysis of voluntary muscles. Despite intense research efforts and numerous clinical trials, it is still an incurable disease. ALS had long been considered a pure motor neuron disease; however, recent studies have shown that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to prevent the course of the disease since the dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions occurs before motor neuron degeneration. Skeletal muscle alterations have been described in the early stages of the disease, and they seem to be mainly involved in the “dying back” phenomenon of motor neurons and metabolic dysfunctions. In recent years, skeletal muscles have been considered crucial not only for the etiology of ALS but also for its treatment. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that targeted skeletal muscles and discuss the different approaches, including pharmacological interventions, supplements or diets, genetic modifications, and training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scaricamazza
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Valle
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
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31
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Dai Z, Kalra S, Mah D, Seres P, Sun H, Wu R, Wilman AH. Amide signal intensities may be reduced in the motor cortex and the corticospinal tract of ALS patients. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:1401-1409. [PMID: 32909054 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to assess amide concentration changes in ALS patients compared with healthy controls by using quantitative amide proton transfer (APT) and multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging, and testing its correlation with clinical scores. METHODS Sixteen ALS patients and sixteen healthy controls were recruited as part of the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 T, including APT and diffusion imaging. Lorentz fitting was used to quantify the amide effect. Clinical disability was evaluated using the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R), and its correlation with image characteristics was assessed. The diagnostic performance of different imaging parameters was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that the amide peak was significantly different between the motor cortex and other gray matter territories within the brain of ALS patients (p < 0.001). Compared with controls, amide signal intensities in ALS were significantly reduced in the motor cortex (p < 0.001) and corticospinal tract (p = 0.046), while abnormalities were not detected using routine imaging methods. There was no significant correlation between amide and ALSFRS-R score. The diagnostic accuracy of the amide peak was superior to that of diffusion imaging. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated changes of amide signal intensities in the motor cortex and corticospinal tract of ALS patients. KEY POINTS • The neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has a lack of objective imaging indicators for diagnosis and assessment. • Analysis of amide proton transfer imaging revealed changes in the motor cortex and corticospinal tract of ALS patients that were not visible on standard magnetic resonance imaging. • The diagnostic accuracy of the amide peak was superior to that of diffusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Dennell Mah
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Hongfu Sun
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Radiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Alan H Wilman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V2, Canada.
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32
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Sassani M, Alix JJ, McDermott CJ, Baster K, Hoggard N, Wild JM, Mortiboys HJ, Shaw PJ, Wilkinson ID, Jenkins TM. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:3603-3618. [PMID: 33439988 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to be central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathophysiology. Evidence comes primarily from disease models and conclusive data to support bioenergetic dysfunction in vivo in patients is currently lacking. This study is the first to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in brain and muscle in individuals living with ALS using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the modality of choice to assess energy metabolism in vivo. We recruited 20 patients and 10 healthy age and gender-matched control subjects in this cross-sectional clinico-radiological study. 31P-MRS was acquired from cerebral motor regions and from tibialis anterior during rest and exercise. Bioenergetic parameter estimates were derived including: ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, Gibbs free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔGATP), phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, pH, free magnesium concentration, and muscle dynamic recovery constants. Linear regression was used to test for associations between brain data and clinical parameters (revised amyotrophic functional rating scale, slow vital capacity, and upper motor neuron score) and between muscle data and clinico-neurophysiological measures (motor unit number and size indices, force of contraction, and speed of walking). Evidence for primary dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was detected in the brainstem where ΔGATP and phosphocreatine were reduced. Alterations were also detected in skeletal muscle in patients where resting inorganic phosphate, pH, and phosphomonoesters were increased, whereas resting ΔGATP, magnesium, and dynamic phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate recovery were decreased. Phosphocreatine in brainstem correlated with respiratory dysfunction and disability; in muscle, energy metabolites correlated with motor unit number index, muscle power, and speed of walking. This study provides in vivo evidence for bioenergetic dysfunction in ALS in brain and skeletal muscle, which appears clinically and electrophysiologically relevant. 31P-MRS represents a promising technique to assess the pathophysiology of mitochondrial function in vivo in ALS and a potential tool for future clinical trials targeting bioenergetic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Sassani
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James J Alix
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J McDermott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kathleen Baster
- Statistical Service Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jim M Wild
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather J Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas M Jenkins
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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33
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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34
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Manzano R, Toivonen JM, Moreno-Martínez L, de la Torre M, Moreno-García L, López-Royo T, Molina N, Zaragoza P, Calvo AC, Osta R. What skeletal muscle has to say in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implications for therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1279-1297. [PMID: 32986860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset disorder characterized by progressive neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dismantling and degeneration of motor neurons leading to atrophy and paralysis of voluntary muscles responsible for motion and breathing. Except for a minority of patients harbouring genetic mutations, the origin of most ALS cases remains elusive. Peripheral tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle, have lately demonstrated an active contribution to disease pathology attracting a growing interest for these tissues as therapeutic targets in ALS. In this sense, molecular mechanisms essential for cell and tissue homeostasis have been shown to be deregulated in the disease. These include muscle metabolism and mitochondrial activity, RNA processing, tissue-resident stem cell function responsible for muscle regeneration, and proteostasis that regulates muscle mass in adulthood. This review aims to compile scientific evidence that demonstrates the role of skeletal muscle in ALS pathology and serves as reference for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this tissue to delay disease onset and progression. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manzano
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Martínez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreno-García
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tresa López-Royo
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nora Molina
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain.,Geriatrics Service, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Gracia, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon (IA2), Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), Zaragoza, Spain
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Wannarong T, Ungprasert P. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a lower risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106248. [PMID: 33031990 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Previous studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus (DM) could be a protective factor against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) although the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate this relationship by identifying all available studies and summarizing their results. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to January 1st, 2020 to identify cohort studies and case-control studies that investigated the risk of development of ALS among patients with DM versus individuals without DM. Point estimates and standard errors from eligible studies were pooled together using the generic inverse variance method, as described by DerSimonian and Laird. Visualization of the funnel plot was used to assess for the presence of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 1683 articles were identified by the search strategy. After two rounds of review, three cohort studies and eight case-control studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of developing ALS was significantly lower among patients with DM than individuals without DM with the pooled relative risk of 0.68 (95 % CI, 0.55 - 0.84; I2 81 %). The funnel plot was relatively symmetric and was not suggestive of the presence of publication bias. CONCLUSION A significantly decreased risk of ALS among patients with DM was observed in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapat Wannarong
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA
| | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
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36
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Rojas P, Ramírez AI, Fernández-Albarral JA, López-Cuenca I, Salobrar-García E, Cadena M, Elvira-Hurtado L, Salazar JJ, de Hoz R, Ramírez JM. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Neurodegenerative Motor Neuron Disease With Ocular Involvement. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:566858. [PMID: 33071739 PMCID: PMC7544921 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.566858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes degeneration of the lower and upper motor neurons and is the most prevalent motor neuron disease. This disease is characterized by muscle weakness, stiffness, and hyperreflexia. Patients survive for a short period from the onset of the disease. Most cases are sporadic, with only 10% of the cases being genetic. Many genes are now known to be involved in familial ALS cases, including some of the sporadic cases. It has also been observed that, in addition to genetic factors, there are numerous molecular mechanisms involved in these pathologies, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial disorders, alterations in axonal transport, oxidative stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, and neuroinflammation. This pathology affects the motor neurons, the spinal cord, the cerebellum, and the brain, but recently, it has been shown that it also affects the visual system. This impact occurs not only at the level of the oculomotor system but also at the retinal level, which is why the retina is being proposed as a possible biomarker of this pathology. The current review discusses the main aspects mentioned above related to ALS, such as the main genes involved, the most important molecular mechanisms that affect this pathology, its ocular involvement, and the possible usefulness of the retina as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Oftálmico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,OFTARED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,OFTARED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cadena
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto Oftálmico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,OFTARED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,OFTARED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,OFTARED, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Chen L, Chen Y, Zhao M, Zheng L, Fan D. Changes in the concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15198. [PMID: 32938991 PMCID: PMC7495434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the plasma concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, their spouses and healthy controls and to find associations between gut microbiota metabolites and ALS. ALS patients were recruited at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. Information was collected from their spouses at the same time. Age and gender matched healthy controls were recruited from individuals who visited the physical examination center for health checkups. Blood samples were collected after at least 4 h of fasting. Concentrations of the metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Group differences were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, as appropriate. In this study, 160 patients with ALS were recruited. In these patients, 63 were compared with their spouses, 148 were compared with age and gender matched controls, and 60 were compared with both their spouses and heathy controls in the same time. The carnitine concentration was significantly higher in patients than in their spouses, while there were no significant differences in the concentrations of other metabolites. The carnitine and betaine concentrations were higher, while the choline, TMAO and butyrobetaine concentrations were lower in ALS than in healthy controls. The concentrations of the metabolites in the spouses were more similar to the ALS patients rather than to the healthy controls. In the ALS group, the plasma concentrations of carnitine, betaine, choline and TMAO were inversely related to the severity of upper motor neuron impairment. The TMAO metabolic pathway of the gut microbiota is disturbed in both ALS patients and their spouses, which might suggest that the changes in the gut microbiota occurred before disease onset. The negative correlations between the involvement of UMNs and the concentrations of the metabolites might suggest that the inhibition of this metabolic pathway might lead to a better prognosis in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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38
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Castets P, Ham DJ, Rüegg MA. The TOR Pathway at the Neuromuscular Junction: More Than a Metabolic Player? Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:162. [PMID: 32982690 PMCID: PMC7485269 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the chemical synapse connecting motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. NMJs allow all voluntary movements, and ensure vital functions like breathing. Changes in the structure and function of NMJs are hallmarks of numerous pathological conditions that affect muscle function including sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the morphological and functional perturbations in the pre- and post-synaptic compartments of the NMJ remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss the role of the metabolic pathway associated to the kinase TOR (Target of Rapamycin) in the development, maintenance and alterations of the NMJ. This is of particular interest as the TOR pathway has been implicated in aging, but its role at the NMJ is still ill-defined. We highlight the respective functions of the two TOR-associated complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, and discuss the role of localized protein synthesis and autophagy regulation in motor neuron terminals and sub-synaptic regions of muscle fibers and their possible effects on NMJ maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Castets
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Trostnikov MV, Veselkina ER, Krementsova AV, Boldyrev SV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. Modulated Expression of the Protein Kinase GSK3 in Motor and Dopaminergic Neurons Increases Female Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695143 PMCID: PMC7339944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express multiple transcripts and proteins, and a sophisticated gene expression strategy plays a crucial role in ensuring the cell-specificity of genetic information and the correctness of phenotypes. The Drosophila melanogaster gene shaggy encodes several isoforms of the conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is vitally important for multiple biological processes. To characterize the phenotypic effects of differential shaggy expression, we explored how the multidirectional modulation of the expression of the main GSK3 isoform, Shaggy-PB, in different tissues and cells affects lifespan. To this end, we used lines with transgenic constructs that encode mutant variants of the protein. The effect of shaggy misexpression on lifespan depended on the direction of the presumed change in GSK3 activity and the type of tissue/cell. The modulation of GSK3 activity in motor and dopaminergic neurons improved female lifespan but caused seemingly negative changes in the structural (mitochondrial depletion; neuronal loss) and functional (perturbed locomotion) properties of the nervous system, indicating the importance of analyzing the relationship between lifespan and healthspan in invertebrate models. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular bases of lifespan extension, demonstrating that the fine-tuning of transcript-specific shaggy expression in individual groups of neurons is sufficient to provide a sex-specific increase in survival and slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Trostnikov
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R Veselkina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Krementsova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Enzymatic and Catalytic Reactions, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan V Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Roshina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Lanznaster D, Veyrat-Durebex C, Vourc’h P, Andres CR, Blasco H, Corcia P. Metabolomics: A Tool to Understand the Impact of Genetic Mutations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050537. [PMID: 32403313 PMCID: PMC7288444 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics studies performed in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) reveal a set of distinct metabolites that can shed light on the pathological alterations taking place in each individual. Metabolites levels are influenced by disease status, and genetics play an important role both in familial and sporadic ALS cases. Metabolomics analysis helps to unravel the differential impact of the most common ALS-linked genetic mutations (as C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS) in specific signaling pathways. Further, studies performed in genetic models of ALS reinforce the role of TDP-43 pathology in the vast majority of ALS cases. Studies performed in differentiated cells from ALS-iPSC (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) reveal alterations in the cell metabolism that are also found in ALS models and ultimately in ALS patients. The development of metabolomics approaches in iPSC derived from ALS patients allow addressing and ultimately understanding the pathological mechanisms taking place in any patient. Lately, the creation of a "patient in a dish" will help to identify patients that may benefit from specific treatments and allow the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christian R. Andres
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; (C.V.-D.); (P.V.); (C.R.A.); (H.B.); (P.C.)
- CHU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, 37000 Tours, France
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41
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Pape JA, Grose JH. The effects of diet and sex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:301-315. [PMID: 32147204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic, suggesting there are multiple contributing factors that influence the disease risk, onset, and progression. Diet and sex are two factors that have been reported to alter ALS risk, onset and progression in humans and in animal models, providing potential modifiers of disease. Several epidemiological studies have identified diets that positively affect ALS patients, including various high-calorie fat or sugar-based diets, while animal models have been developed to test how these diets are working on a molecular level. These diets may offset the metabolic alterations that occur in ALS, such as hypermetabolism, lowered body mass index(BMI), and hyperlipidemia. Sex-dependent differences have also come forth from large-scale epidemiological studies as well as mouse-model studies. In addition, sex hormones have been shown to affect disease risk or progression. Herein, studies on the effects of diet and sex on ALS risk, onset, and progression will be reviewed. Understanding these diet- and sex-dependent outcomes may lead to optimized patient-specific therapies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Pape
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Provo, United States
| | - J H Grose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Provo, United States.
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Fabbrizio P, Apolloni S, Bianchi A, Salvatori I, Valle C, Lanzuolo C, Bendotti C, Nardo G, Volonté C. P2X7 activation enhances skeletal muscle metabolism and regeneration in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:272-282. [PMID: 31376190 PMCID: PMC7065186 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness plays an important role in neuromuscular disorders comprising amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is not established whether muscle denervation originates from the motor neurons, the muscles or more likely both. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the SOD1G93A mutation in skeletal muscles causes denervation of the neuromuscular junctions, inability to regenerate and consequent atrophy, all clear symptoms of ALS. In this work, we used SOD1G93A mice, a model that best mimics some pathological features of both familial and sporadic ALS, and we investigated some biological effects induced by the activation of the P2X7 receptor in the skeletal muscles. The P2X7, belonging to the ionotropic family of purinergic receptors for extracellular ATP, is abundantly expressed in the healthy skeletal muscles, where it controls cell duplication, differentiation, regeneration or death. In particular, we evaluated whether an in vivo treatment in SOD1G93A mice with the P2X7 specific agonist 2'(3')-O-(4-Benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine5'-triphosphate (BzATP) just before the onset of a pathological neuromuscular phenotype could exert beneficial effects in the skeletal muscles. Our findings indicate that stimulation of P2X7 improves the innervation and metabolism of myofibers, moreover elicits the proliferation/differentiation of satellite cells, thus preventing the denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles in SOD1G93A mice. Overall, this study suggests that a P2X7-targeted and site-specific modulation might be a strategy to interfere with the complex multifactorial and multisystem nature of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fabbrizio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | - Cristiana Valle
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
- National Research Council, Institute of Translational PharmacologyRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical TechnologiesMilanItaly
| | - Caterina Bendotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
- National Research Council, Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer ScienceRomeItaly
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Chełstowska B, Kuźma-Kozakiewicz M. Biochemical parameters in determination of nutritional status in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1115-1124. [PMID: 31897946 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder without effective treatment. Progressive dysphagia, depression, and hypermetabolism may lead to malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential utility of readily available, relatively inexpensive, and rapid strategy for using laboratory parameters to assess nutritional status of ALS patients. METHODS This study included 203 patients with ALS. The analysis of inflammatory parameters: C Reactive Protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocytes number (LN), and fibrinogen concentration (FC) was followed by nutritional markers: serum concentration of albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PALB), transferrin (TRNF), and creatinine (CREA), which were correlated with demographic and clinical parameters: body mass index (BMI), ALS phenotype, disease duration, diagnosis delay, and functional and respiratory assessment. RESULTS Nearly 20% of patients had biochemical features of inflammation. Among patients without inflammation (n = 163), a decreased serum TRNF concentration was found in 84% of cases, PALB in 39%, ALB in 25%, and CREA in 53%. The median of PALB was the highest in patients with PMA (23.5 mg/dL) and the lowest in PBP (16.6 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). The CREA concentration correlated with the BMI (r = 0.25; p < 0.01), while PALB and TRNF significantly varied depending on the severity of dysphagia. Patients with dysphagia qualified to enteral nutrition showed significantly decreased concentration of PALB, triglycerides, as well as reduced forced vital capacity, BMI, and functional status. CONCLUSIONS CREA, PALB, ALB, and TNFR are easily accessible, accurate, and low-cost parameters useful in assessment of the nutritional status in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Chełstowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kuźma-Kozakiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. .,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Brito MD, da Silva GFG, Tilieri EM, Araujo BG, Calió ML, Rosenstock TR. Metabolic Alteration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Outcome: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1205. [PMID: 31824397 PMCID: PMC6879457 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of strategies that could not only efficiently detect the onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no cure but also predict its development and evaluate therapeutic intervention would be of great value. In this respect, the metabolic status of ALS patients has called attention. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between changes in ALS's metabolic parameters with the disease outcome in a systematic review. Methods: The manuscripts were manually searched within different databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane). The inclusion criteria were original articles and reviews about individuals with ALS and its survival, disease prognosis and metabolism (weight, cholesterol, hypertension, BMI, and glycaemia). The authors also established three different exclusion criteria: studies including ALS and other degenerative disorders, works including animal models and published before the year 2000. Results: In total, 29 papers were selected. From all manuscripts, only 82.8% ensured the participation of sALS patients. Also, 27.6% of selected studies described the presence of a genetic mutation. Regarding ALS prognosis, patient's age, the age of ALS onset, ALS duration and survival, <50% of the papers addressed these issues. Specifically, regarding metabolism, 65.5% of articles mentioned BMI, 20.7% mentioned any data concerning hypertension, 6.89% cardiovascular risk, 10.3% obesity, 13.78% diabetes and 10.3% glycaemia. Concerning lipid metabolism, more results were gathered, but still, they did not suffice to establish a correlation with ALS development. Conclusions: Altogether, the authors concluded that available information is not enough to establish a link between ALS and metabolism. In reality, less than half of the manuscripts evaluated show an association between both factors. Nonetheless, it is worth mentioning that metabolism does influence ALS, but not in a unique manner. There is a debate about patients' hypo- and hypermetabolism. Thus, to provide a reliable record, a public policy in which all research and clinical centers might assess the parameters discussed herein is suggested. Accordingly, this systematic review attempts to provide a comprehensible database to facilitate multicentered collaboration, validation, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dutra Brito
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erick Mutti Tilieri
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grisolia Araujo
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Figueroa-Romero C, Guo K, Murdock BJ, Paez-Colasante X, Bassis CM, Mikhail KA, Pawlowski KD, Evans MC, Taubman GF, McDermott AJ, O'Brien PD, Savelieff MG, Hur J, Feldman EL. Temporal evolution of the microbiome, immune system and epigenome with disease progression in ALS mice. Dis Model Mech 2019; 13:dmm041947. [PMID: 31597644 PMCID: PMC6906635 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neurodegenerative disease. Genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, aging and accumulated life-long environmental exposures are known ALS risk factors. The complex and dynamic interplay between these pathological influences plays a role in disease onset and progression. Recently, the gut microbiome has also been implicated in ALS development. In addition, immune cell populations are differentially expanded and activated in ALS compared to healthy individuals. However, the temporal evolution of both the intestinal flora and the immune system relative to symptom onset in ALS is presently not fully understood. To better elucidate the timeline of the various potential pathological factors, we performed a longitudinal study to simultaneously assess the gut microbiome, immunophenotype and changes in ileum and brain epigenetic marks relative to motor behavior and muscle atrophy in the mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1G93A) familial ALS mouse model. We identified alterations in the gut microbial environment early in the life of SOD1G93A animals followed by motor dysfunction and muscle atrophy, and immune cell expansion and activation, particularly in the spinal cord. Global brain cytosine hydroxymethylation was also altered in SOD1G93A animals at disease end-stage compared to control mice. Correlation analysis confirmed interrelationships with the microbiome and immune system. This study serves as a starting point to more deeply comprehend the influence of gut microorganisms and the immune system on ALS onset and progression. Greater insight may help pinpoint novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to improve diagnosis and treatment for ALS patients.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Benjamin J Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Christine M Bassis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen A Mikhail
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Andrew J McDermott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Phillipe D O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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46
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47
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Synchrotron radiation-based FTIR spectro-microscopy of the brainstem of the hSOD1 G93A rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2019; 48:475-484. [PMID: 31243482 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease, are still poorly understood. One subset of familial ALS cases is caused by mutations in the metallo-enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), increasing the susceptibility of the SOD1 protein to form insoluble intracellular aggregates. Here, we employed synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microscopy to investigate brainstem cross-sections from the transgenic hSOD1 G93A rat model of ALS that overexpresses human-mutated SOD1. We compared the biomacromolecular organic composition in brainstem tissue cross-sections of ALS rats and their non-transgenic littermates (NTg). We demonstrate that the proteins and especially their antiparallel β-sheet structure significantly differed in all three regions: the facial nucleus (FN), the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GRN) and the trigeminal motor nucleus (TMN) in the brainstem tissue of ALS rats. The protein levels varied between different brainstem areas, with the highest concentration observed in the region of the FN in the brainstem tissue of NTg animals. Furthermore, the concentration of lipids and esters was significantly decreased in the TMN and FN of ALS animals. A similar pattern was detected for choline and phosphate assigned to nucleic acids with the highest concentrations in the FN of NTg animals. The spectroscopic analysis showed significant differences in phosphates, amide and lipid structure in the FN of NTg animals in comparison with the same area of ALS rats. These results show that the hG93A SOD1 mutation causes metabolic cellular changes and point to a link between bioorganic composition and hallmarks of protein aggregation.
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48
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Zhou J, Li A, Li X, Yi J. Dysregulated mitochondrial Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in skeletal muscle of ALS mouse model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:249-258. [PMID: 30682329 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron loss and prominent skeletal muscle wasting. Despite more than one hundred years of research efforts, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuromuscular degeneration in ALS remain elusive. While the death of motor neuron is a defining hallmark of ALS, accumulated evidences suggested that in addition to being a victim of motor neuron axonal withdrawal, the intrinsic skeletal muscle degeneration may also actively contribute to ALS disease pathogenesis and progression. Examination of spinal cord and muscle autopsy/biopsy samples of ALS patients revealed similar mitochondrial abnormalities in morphology, quantity and disposition, which are accompanied by defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and elevated oxidative stress. Detailing the molecular/cellular mechanisms and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS relies on ALS animal model studies. This review article discusses the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling revealed in live skeletal muscle derived from ALS mouse models, and a potential role of the vicious cycle formed between the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and excessive ROS production in promoting muscle wasting during ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhou
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Ang Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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49
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Foster LA, Salajegheh MK. Motor Neuron Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Am J Med 2019; 132:32-37. [PMID: 30075105 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with motor neuron diseases may present to primary care clinic or may be initially encountered in the inpatient setting. Timely diagnosis of these conditions is a key factor in early intervention and therapy, and accuracy of diagnosis is of extreme importance, in particular for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with its poor prognosis. The aim of this review article is to provide a clinical and diagnostic framework for the diagnosis and evaluation of motor neuron disease for primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Foster
- Department of Medicine/Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Mohammad Kian Salajegheh
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Neurology Service/Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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50
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Garbugino L, Golini E, Giuliani A, Mandillo S. Prolonged Voluntary Running Negatively Affects Survival and Disease Prognosis of Male SOD1G93A Low-Copy Transgenic Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:275. [PMID: 30483078 PMCID: PMC6243076 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease in which physical activity plays a controversial role. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between intense exercise and risk of developing ALS. To study the impact of physical activity on ALS, mouse models rely mostly on forced exercise. In this study we hypothesized that voluntary wheel running could represent a better model of the influence of exercise in the pathogenesis of ALS. We used an automated home-cage running-wheel system that enables individual monitoring of performance. To verify the effect of voluntary running on disease progression, prognosis and survival as well as motor functions, we challenged SOD1G93A low-copy male and female mice on one (1 RW, at age 24 weeks) or multiple (3 RW) running sessions at age 13, 18, and 24 weeks. In parallel we measured performance on Rotarod and Grip strength tests at different ages. Several parameters were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis in order to detect what indices correlate and may be useful for deeper understanding of the relation between exercise and disease development. We found mutant male mice more negatively affected than females by prolonged and repeated exercise. SOD1G93A low-copy male mice showed shorter survival, increased body weight loss and poorer disease prognosis when exposed to multiple running sessions. These findings could encourage the investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the supposedly increased risk to develop ALS in humans engaged in specific and intense exercise activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garbugino
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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