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Liu M, Ge R, Song L, Chen Y, Yan S, Bu C. The chitinase genes TuCht4 and TuCht10 are indispensable for molting and survival of Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 171:104150. [PMID: 38871132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Insect chitinases (Chts) play a crucial role in the molting process, enabling continuous growth through sequential developmental stages. Based on their high homology to insect Chts, TuCht1 (group II), TuCht4 (group I) and TuCht10 (group IV) were identified, and their roles during molting process were investigated. TuCht1 was mainly expressed in the deutonymphal stage, while TuCht4 was mainly expressed in the nymphal stage and the highest expression level of TuCht10 was observed in the larvae. Feeding RNAi assays have shown that group I TuCht4 and group Ⅳ TuCht10 are involved in mite molting. Suppression of TuCht4 or TuCht10 resulted in high mortality, molting abnormalities and the absence of distinct electron dense layers of chitinous horizontal laminae in the cuticle, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocarrier mediated RNAi had significantly higher RNAi efficiency and caused higher mortality. The results of the present study suggest that chitinase genes TuCht4 and TuCht10 are potential targets for dietary RNAi, and demonstrates a nanocarrier-mediated delivery system to enhance the bioactivity of dsRNA, providing a potential technology for green pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rongchumu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lihong Song
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chunya Bu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Zhou H, Ning Y, Jian Y, Zhang M, Klakong M, Guo F, Shao Q, Li Y, Yang P, Li Z, Yang L, Li S, Ding W. Functional analysis of a down-regulated transcription factor-SoxNeuroA gene involved in the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin against spider mites. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1593-1606. [PMID: 37986233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insight into the mode of action of plant-derived acaricides will help in the development of sustainable control strategies for mite pests. Scopoletin, a promising plant-derived bioactive compound, displays prominent acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The transcription factor SoxNeuroA plays a vital role in maintaining calcium ion (Ca2+ ) homeostasis. Down-regulation of SoxNeuroA gene expression occurs in scopoletin-exposed mites, but the functional role of this gene remains unknown. RESULTS A SoxNeuroA gene from T. cinnabarinus (TcSoxNeuroA) was first cloned and identified. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting assays all confirmed that the gene expression and protein levels of TcSoxNeuroA were significantly reduced under scopoletin exposure. Furthermore, RNA interference silencing of the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene significantly enhanced the susceptibility of mites to scopoletin, suggesting that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin was mediated by the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that TcSoxNeuroA was a repressor of Orai1 Ca2+ channel gene transcription, and the key binding sequence was ATCAAAG (positions -361 to -368 of the Orai1 promoter). Importantly, site-directed mutagenesis and microscale thermophoresis assays further indicated that ASP185, ARG189, and LYS217, which were key predicted hydrogen-bonding sites in the molecular docking model, may be the vital binding sites for scopoletin in TcSoxNeuroA. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin involves inhibition of the transcription factor SoxNeuroA, thus inducing the activation of the Orai1 Ca2+ channel, eventually leading to Ca2+ overload and lethality. Elucidation of the transcription factor-targeted mechanism for this potent plant-derived acaricide has vital implications for the design of next-generation green acaricides with novel targets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yeshuang Ning
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Matthana Klakong
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pinglong Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zongquan Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shili Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Zhou H, Wan F, Jian Y, Guo F, Zhang M, Shi S, Yang L, Li S, Liu Y, Ding W. Chitosan/dsRNA polyplex nanoparticles advance environmental RNA interference efficiency through activating clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127021. [PMID: 37741481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a promising gene nanocarrier for enhancing RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency, displays tremendous application prospects in addressing dsRNA delivery concerns. However, the molecular mechanism of chitosan/dsRNA polyplex nanoparticles (PNs) for advancing dsRNA delivery efficiency remains largely unknown. Here, chitosan/dsRNA PNs were prepared by an electrostatic attraction method. The results showed that the chitosan/dsRNA PNs significantly advance stability, and cellular uptake efficiency of dsRNA, and RNAi efficiency. RNA-Seq and qPCR assays further revealed that chitosan/dsRNA PNs upregulated the key clathrin heavy chain (CHC) gene for activating clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) pathway. Additionally, inhibition of CDE hindered the robust RNAi responses of chitosan/dsRNA PNs using an inhibitor (chlorpromazine) and an RNAi-of-RNAi strategy. Ultimately, microscale thermophoresis assay confirmed that chitosan/dsRNA PNs directly bound to CHC protein, which was a core component in CDE, to advance RNAi efficiency. To our knowledge, our findings firstly illuminate the molecular mechanism how chitosan nanoparticles-based RNAi deliver dsRNA for enhancing RNAi efficiency. Above mechanism will advance the extensive utilization of nanocarrier-based RNAi in pest management and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fenglin Wan
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shiyao Shi
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shili Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Njankouo YN, Nyegue MA, Njingou I, Moundipa PF, Mounjouenpou P. Toxic Potential of Crude Extract From Cassava Cortex Containing Scopoletin and Cyanide on Wistar Rats and Broilers. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231203587. [PMID: 37744654 PMCID: PMC10517615 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231203587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of cortex cassava crude extract containing scopoletin and cyanide. The limit test method of OECD at 2000 mg/kg was used to determine the LD50 of the crude extract in female Wistar rats, and the sub-acute toxicity was conducted in broilers by incorporating their feed with the cortex powder at 2 mg, 4 mg and 8 mg of powder per 100 g of standard food, corresponding to MIC, 2MIC and 4MIC: those concentrations, respectively, corresponded to .07 μg, .14 μg and .28 μg of scopoletin and 2.8 μg, 5.6 μg and 11.2 μg of cyanide. An oral LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg was obtained, and the effective antifungal dose was non-toxic. No changes were observed in the rate of biochemical parameters and relative weight of the liver, kidneys and brain of broilers. Any damages were not observed after the histopathological exams of these organs regardless the diet considered, compared to the control group. All results ranging from efficacy and safety of cassava cortex extract containing scopoletin and cyanide allowed us to consider it as biopesticide for staple food preservation against post-harvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchahou Ndam Njankouo
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue
- Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ibrahim Njingou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pauline Mounjouenpou
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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5
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Bartholomew ES, Xu S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Feng Z, Chen S, Sun L, Yang S, Wang Y, Liu P, Ren H, Liu X. A chitinase CsChi23 promoter polymorphism underlies cucumber resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1471-1486. [PMID: 36068958 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), leads to widespread yield loss and quality decline in cucumber. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Foc resistance remain poorly understood. We report the mapping and functional characterisation of CsChi23, encoding a cucumber class I chitinase with antifungal properties. We assessed sequence variations at CsChi23 and the associated defence response against Foc. We functionally characterised CsChi23 using transgenic assay and expression analysis. The mechanism regulating CsChi23 expression was assessed by genetic and molecular approaches. CsChi23 was induced by Foc infection, which led to rapid upregulation in resistant cucumber lines. Overexpressing CsChi23 enhanced fusarium wilt resistance and reduced fungal biomass accumulation, whereas silencing CsChi23 causes loss of resistance. CsHB15, a homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip) III transcription factor, was found to bind to the CsChi23 promoter region and activate its expression. Furthermore, silencing of CsHB15 reduces CsChi23 expression. A single-nucleotide polymorphism variation -400 bp upstream of CsChi23 abolished the HD-Zip III binding site in a susceptible cucumber line. Collectively, our study indicates that CsChi23 is sufficient to enhance fusarium wilt resistance and reveals a novel function of an HD-Zip III transcription factor in regulating chitinase expression in cucumber defence against fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra S Bartholomew
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyinq Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Heze Agricultural and Rural Bureau, No. 1021 Shuanghe Road, Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Huazhong Ren
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of National Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of National Education, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Beijing, 100193, China
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6
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Faubel RJ, Santos Canellas VS, Gaesser J, Beluk NH, Feinstein TN, Wang Y, Yankova M, Karunakaran KB, King SM, Ganapathiraju MK, Lo CW. Flow blockage disrupts cilia-driven fluid transport in the epileptic brain. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:691-706. [PMID: 35980457 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A carpet of ependymal motile cilia lines the brain ventricular system, forming a network of flow channels and barriers that pattern cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow at the surface. This CSF transport system is evolutionary conserved, but its physiological function remains unknown. Here we investigated its potential role in epilepsy with studies focused on CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with early-onset epilepsy refractory to seizure medications and the most common cause of infant epilepsy. CDKL5 is a highly conserved X-linked gene suggesting its function in regulating cilia length and motion in the green alga Chlamydomonas might have implication in the etiology of CDD. Examination of the structure and function of airway motile cilia revealed both the CDD patients and the Cdkl5 knockout mice exhibit cilia lengthening and abnormal cilia motion. Similar defects were observed for brain ventricular cilia in the Cdkl5 knockout mice. Mapping ependymal cilia generated flow in the ventral third ventricle (v3V), a brain region with important physiological functions showed altered patterning of flow. Tracing of cilia-mediated inflow into v3V with fluorescent dye revealed the appearance of a flow barrier at the inlet of v3V in Cdkl5 knockout mice. Analysis of mice with a mutation in another epilepsy-associated kinase, Yes1, showed the same disturbance of cilia motion and flow patterning. The flow barrier was also observed in the Foxj1± and FOXJ1CreERT:Cdkl5y/fl mice, confirming the contribution of ventricular cilia to the flow disturbances. Importantly, mice exhibiting altered cilia-driven flow also showed increased susceptibility to anesthesia-induced seizure-like activity. The cilia-driven flow disturbance arises from altered cilia beating orientation with the disrupted polarity of the cilia anchoring rootlet meshwork. Together these findings indicate motile cilia disturbances have an essential role in CDD-associated seizures and beyond, suggesting cilia regulating kinases may be a therapeutic target for medication-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina J Faubel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Veronica S Santos Canellas
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Jenna Gaesser
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Nancy H Beluk
- Division of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tim N Feinstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory for Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Yankova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, And Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3305, USA
| | - Kalyani B Karunakaran
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Stephen M King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, And Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3305, USA
| | - Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA.
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7
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Wang L, Lao J. Microarray analysis of potential biomarkers of brachial plexus avulsion caused neuropathic pain in male rat. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:31. [PMID: 35619085 PMCID: PMC9134582 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression of mRNA in the brachial plexus avulsion neuropathic pain model and analyze biological functions. Microarray mRNA assay and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were conducted. The whole blood was collected from two groups for Microarray mRNA analysis. The predicted mRNA targets were studied by gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. We identified 3 targeted mRNAs, including PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN. The results showed that PIK3CB, HRAS, and JUN gene expression was increased in the control group but decreased in the neuropathic pain group. These findings indicate that certain genes may be important biomarkers for the potential targets for the prevention and treatment of brachial plexus avulsion caused neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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8
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The Insecticidal Efficacy and Physiological Action Mechanism of a Novel Agent GC16 against Tetranychus pueraricola (Acari: Tetranychidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050433. [PMID: 35621769 PMCID: PMC9146473 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Spider mite is major pest in agriculture and have developed resistance to commonly used pesticides. Therefore, it is urgent to discover new pesticides to control the pest. In order to provide alternatives for its management, we evaluated the effectiveness of a new agent GC16 against the spider mite Tetranychus pueraricola. Then, we preliminarily revealed the its acaricidal mechanism of action based on the damage of cuticle and organelles of mites. We confirmed that GC16 has a good controlling effect on T. pueraricola and it is not harmful to Picromerus lewisi and Harmonia axyridis. Our research provides not only an alternative pesticide for the management of spider mites, but also guidance for the application of GC16 in sustainable agriculture. Abstract Chemical control plays a crucial role in pest management but has to face challenges due to insect resistance. It is important to discover alternatives to traditional pesticides. The spider mite Tetranychus pueraricola (Ehara & Gotoh) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a major agricultural pest that causes severe damage to many crops. GC16 is a new agent that consists of a mixture of Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and lecithin. To explore the acaricidal effects and mode of action of GC16 against T. pueraricola, bioassays, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed. GC16 had lethal effects on the eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults of T. pueraricola, caused the mites to dehydrate and inactivate, and inhibited the development of eggs. GC16 displayed contact toxicity rather than stomach toxicity through the synergistic effects of CaCl2 with lecithin. Cryo-SEM analysis revealed that GC16 damaged T. pueraricola by disordering the array of the cuticle layer crest. Mitochondrial abnormalities were detected by TEM in mites treated by GC16. Overall, GC16 had the controlling efficacy on T. pueraricola by cuticle penetration and mitochondria dysfunction and had no effects on Picromerus lewisi and Harmonia axyridis, indicating that GC16 is likely a new eco-friendly acaricide.
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9
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Hita A, Brocart G, Fernandez A, Rehmsmeier M, Alemany A, Schvartzman S. MGcount: a total RNA-seq quantification tool to address multi-mapping and multi-overlapping alignments ambiguity in non-coding transcripts. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:39. [PMID: 35030988 PMCID: PMC8760670 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total-RNA sequencing (total-RNA-seq) allows the simultaneous study of both the coding and the non-coding transcriptome. Yet, computational pipelines have traditionally focused on particular biotypes, making assumptions that are not fullfilled by total-RNA-seq datasets. Transcripts from distinct RNA biotypes vary in length, biogenesis, and function, can overlap in a genomic region, and may be present in the genome with a high copy number. Consequently, reads from total-RNA-seq libraries may cause ambiguous genomic alignments, demanding for flexible quantification approaches. RESULTS Here we present Multi-Graph count (MGcount), a total-RNA-seq quantification tool combining two strategies for handling ambiguous alignments. First, MGcount assigns reads hierarchically to small-RNA and long-RNA features to account for length disparity when transcripts overlap in the same genomic position. Next, MGcount aggregates RNA products with similar sequences where reads systematically multi-map using a graph-based approach. MGcount outputs a transcriptomic count matrix compatible with RNA-sequencing downstream analysis pipelines, with both bulk and single-cell resolution, and the graphs that model repeated transcript structures for different biotypes. The software can be used as a python module or as a single-file executable program. CONCLUSIONS MGcount is a flexible total-RNA-seq quantification tool that successfully integrates reads that align to multiple genomic locations or that overlap with multiple gene features. Its approach is suitable for the simultaneous estimation of protein-coding, long non-coding and small non-coding transcript concentration, in both precursor and processed forms. Both source code and compiled software are available at https://github.com/hitaandrea/MGcount .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hita
- Epigenetics unit, Diagenode s.a., Liège, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ana Fernandez
- Epigenetics unit, Diagenode s.a., Liège, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Rehmsmeier
- Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Alemany
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Alipoor B, Nikouei S, Rezaeinejad F, Malakooti-Dehkordi SN, Sabati Z, Ghasemi H. Long non-coding RNAs in metabolic disorders: pathogenetic relevance and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2015-2041. [PMID: 33792864 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could be associated with the incidence and development of metabolic disorders. AIM Accordingly, this narrative review described the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in the development of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and coronary artery diseases (CAD). Furthermore, we investigated the up-to-date findings on the association of deregulated lncRNAs in the metabolic disorders, and potential use of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION LncRNAs/miRNA/regulatory proteins axis plays a crucial role in progression of metabolic disorders and may be used in development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - S Nikouei
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - F Rezaeinejad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Z Sabati
- MSc student of Hematology, Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Ghasemi
- Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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Ngaki MN, Sahoo DK, Wang B, Bhattacharyya MK. Overexpression of a plasma membrane protein generated broad-spectrum immunity in soybean. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:502-516. [PMID: 32954627 PMCID: PMC7957895 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants fight-off pathogens and pests by manifesting an array of defence responses using their innate immunity mechanisms. Here we report the identification of a novel soybean gene encoding a plasma membrane protein, transcription of which is suppressed following infection with the fungal pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme. Overexpression of the protein led to enhanced resistance against not only against F. virguliforme, but also against spider mites (Tetranychus urticae, Koch), soybean aphids (Aphis glycines, Matsumura) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). We, therefore, name this protein as Glycine max disease resistance 1 (GmDR1; Glyma.10g094800). The homologues of GmDR1 have been detected only in legumes, cocoa, jute and cotton. The deduced GmDR1 protein contains 73 amino acids. GmDR1 is predicted to contain an ecto- and two transmembrane domains. Transient expression of the green fluorescent protein fused GmDR1 protein in soybean leaves showed that it is a plasma membrane protein. We investigated if chitin, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), common to all pathogen and pests considered in this study, can significantly enhance defence pathways among the GmDR1-overexpressed transgenic soybean lines. Chitin induces marker genes of the salicylic- and jasmonic acid-mediated defence pathways, but suppresses the defence pathway regulated by ethylene. Chitin induced SA- and JA-regulated defence pathways may be one of the mechanisms involved in generating broad-spectrum resistance among the GmDR1-overexpressed transgenic soybean lines against two serious pathogens and two pests including spider mites, against which no known resistance genes have been identified in soybean and among the most other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Wang
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
- Present address:
Department of EnergyJoint Genome InstituteWalnut CreekCAUSA
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12
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Zhou H, Guo F, Luo J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wan F, Ding W. Functional analysis of an upregulated calmodulin gene related to the acaricidal activity of curcumin against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:719-730. [PMID: 32865312 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a promising botanical acaricidal compound with activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Calmodulin (CaM) is a key calcium ion (Ca2+ ) sensor that plays a vital role in calcium signaling. Overexpression of the CaM gene with inducible character occurs in curcumin-treated mites, but its functional role remains to be further analyzed by RNA interference (RNAi) and protein expression. RESULTS A CaM gene was cloned from T. cinnabarinus (designated TcCaM). TcCaM was upregulated and the protein was activated in mites by curcumin. The susceptibility of mites to curcumin was decreased after inhibiting CaM function with anti-CaM drug trifluoperazine (TFP) and silencing CaM transcription with RNAi, suggesting that the CaM gene is involved in the acaricidal activity of curcumin against mites. Moreover, the TFP pre-treated Sf9 cells were resistant to curcumin-mediated increase in [Ca2+ ]i levels, indicating that CaM-mediated Ca2+ homeostasis was disturbed by curcumin. TcCaM was then re-engineered for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Strikingly, our results showed that the recombinant CaM protein was directly activated by curcumin via inducing its conformational changes, its half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) value is 0.3 μmol L-1 in vitro, which is similar to curcumin against CaM-expressing Sf9 cells (0.76 μmol L-1 ) in vivo. CONCLUSION These results confirm that the overexpressed CaM gene is involved in the acaricidal activity of curcumin, and the mode of action of curcumin may be via activating CaM function, and thereby disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis in T. cinnabarinus. This study highlights the novel target mechanism of new acaricides, promoting our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CaM-mediated acaricide targets in mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiang Luo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Wan
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Chen W, Chen H, Fu S, Lin X, Zheng Z, Zhang J. Microbiome characterization and re-design by biologic agents for inflammatory bowel disease insights. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:929-939. [PMID: 32458051 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of inflammatory bowel disease has improved in the past decades, but most of patients cannot tolerate, do not respond to drugs, or relapse after treating with conventional therapy. Therefore, new and more effective treatment methods are still needed in treatment of IBD. In this review, we will discuss the relevant mechanisms and the latest research progress of biologics (anti-TNF treatments, interleukin inhibitors, integrin inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotide, and JAK inhibitors) for IBD, focus on the efficacy and safety of drugs for moderate-to-severe IBD, and summarize the clinical status and future development direction of biologics in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China
| | - Haijin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China.
| | - Shudan Fu
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, GuangZhou, 510280, China
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Adeyinka OS, Tabassum B, Nasir IA, Yousaf I, Sajid IA, Shehzad K, Batcho A, Husnain T. Identification and validation of potential reference gene for effective dsRNA knockdown analysis in Chilo partellus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13629. [PMID: 31541183 PMCID: PMC6754392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilo partellus is an invasive polyphagous pest that has not been effectively managed with chemical pesticides. To select potential dsRNAs for use in an alternate control strategy, it is crucial to identify and evaluate stable reference genes for knockdown expression studies. This study evaluates the expression stability of seven candidate reference genes in C. partellus larvae fed on crude bacterially-expressed dsRNAs and purified dsRNAs at different time intervals, as well as the developmental stages and sexes. The expression stabilities of the reference genes were evaluated with different software programmes, such as BestKeeper, NormFinder, deltaCt, geNorm, and RefFinder. The overall results rank ELF as the most stably expressed reference gene when larvae were fed with crude bacteria-induced dsRNAs and purified dsRNA. However, Tubulin and HSP70 were more stable under different developmental stages and sexes. The expression levels of larvae that were fed crude bacteria-induced dsRNAs of Chitinase and Acetylcholinesterase were normalized with the four most stable reference genes (ELF, HSP70, V-ATPase and Tubulin) and the least stable reference gene (18S and HSP70) based on the geNorm algorithm. The least stable reference gene showed inconsistent knockdown expression, thereby confirming that the validation of a suitable reference gene is crucial to improve assay accuracy for dsRNA-targeted gene selection in C. partellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Samuel Adeyinka
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Yousaf
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad Sajid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Anicet Batcho
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
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Zhou H, Zhang YQ, Lai T, Liu XJ, Guo FY, Guo T, Ding W. Acaricidal Mechanism of Scopoletin Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Front Physiol 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30894818 PMCID: PMC6414448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a promising acaricidal botanical natural compound against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and its acaricidal mechanism maybe involve calcium overload according to our previous study. To seek potential candidate target genes of calcium overload induced by scopoletin in T. cinnabarinus, RNA-seq was utilized to detect changes in transcription levels. 24 and 48 h after treatment, 70 and 102 differentially expressed genes were obtained, respectively. Target genes included 3 signal transduction genes, 4 cell apoptosis genes, 4 energy metabolism genes, and 2 transcription factor genes. The role of 3 calcium signaling pathway-related genes, namely, G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor, Bcl-2 protein and guanylate kinase (designated TcGPCR, TcBAG, and TcGUK, respectively) in the calcium overload were investigated in this study. RT-qPCR detection showed that scopoletin treatment upregulated the expression level of TcGPCR and downregulated the expression level of TcBAG and TcGUK. The result of RNAi indicated that downregulation of TcGPCR decreased susceptibility to scopoletin, and downregulation of TcBAG and TcGUK enhanced susceptibility to scopoletin. Functional expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that scopoletin induced a significant increase in intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i levels by activating TcGPCR. These results demonstrated that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin was via disrupting intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and calcium signaling pathway mediated by GPCR, BAG, and GUK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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