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Hyży A, Jaworski M, Cieślak I, Gotlib-Małkowska J, Panczyk M. Improving Eating Habits at the Office: An Umbrella Review of Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:5072. [PMID: 38140338 PMCID: PMC10745686 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Workplace nutrition interventions have garnered attention as a pivotal component of employee well-being and organisational productivity. However, the effectiveness of various intervention types remains inconclusive. This review aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of cognitive, behavioural, and mixed nutrition interventions in the workplace, considering the nuances of intervention design, setting, and target demographics. (2) A comprehensive umbrella review was conducted, categorising the existing literature into person-oriented and environmental strategies. This review was prepared in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for umbrella reviews and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting standard. (3) The analysis revealed a lack of definitive evidence supporting the universal effectiveness of any single intervention type. Nonetheless, behavioural and mixed interventions demonstrated more favourable outcomes as compared to purely cognitive strategies. Factors such as intervention design, workplace setting, and target group characteristics were identified as significant determinants of the intervention success. (4) The review emphasises the imperative for additional investigations that utilise evidence-based approaches to formulate sound guidelines for efficacious nutrition interventions in occupational settings. This review functions as a foundational framework for guiding both scholarly research and the pragmatic execution of nutrition programs in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland; (A.H.); (M.J.); (I.C.); (J.G.-M.)
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Nyhus Dhillon C, Ortenzi F. Assessing the Impact of Workforce Nutrition Programmes on Nutrition, Health and Business Outcomes: A Review of the Global Evidence and Future Research Agenda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095733. [PMID: 37174251 PMCID: PMC10178561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One in three people globally suffers from at least one form of malnutrition, leading to poor health outcomes and low productivity in the workplace. The workplace offers an important, relatively unexploited opportunity to address malnutrition in all its forms. This narrative literature review aims to understand the impact of workforce nutrition programmes on nutrition, health, and business outcomes, based on high-strength-of-evidence studies. We used PubMed as our primary research database, complemented by Google Scholar, to identify systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 and October 2021. In total, 26 records were included. We found that comprehensive workforce nutrition programmes, including a variety of intervention areas, and/or programmes targeting high-risk categories of workers (overweight/obese or (pre-)diabetic) were more likely to be effective on nutrition, health, and business outcomes. Within comprehensive and targeted programmes, individualised counselling and worksite environmental modifications were often mentioned as the most effective components. However, a high degree of heterogeneity in outcome measures and programme designs made it difficult to draw strong conclusions on the impact of workforce nutrition interventions. Limited evidence was found on business outcomes, longer-term effects of interventions, and programme implementation in LMICs. Therefore, further research is needed to address these evidence gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flaminia Ortenzi
- The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Mema E, Spain ES, Martin CK, Hill JO, Sayer RD, McInvale HD, Evans LA, Gist NH, Borowsky AD, Thomas DM. Social influences on physical activity for establishing criteria leading to exercise persistence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274259. [PMID: 36260559 PMCID: PMC9581432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite well-documented health benefits from exercise, a study on national trends in achieving the recommended minutes of physical activity guidelines has not improved since the guidelines were published in 2008. Peer interactions have been identified as a critical factor for increasing a population's physical activity. The objective of this study is for establishing criteria for social influences on physical activity for establishing criteria that lead to exercise persistence. A system of differential equations was developed that projects exercise trends over time. The system includes both social and non-social influences that impact changes in physical activity habits and establishes quantitative conditions that delineate population-wide persistence habits from domination of sedentary behavior. The model was generally designed with parameter values that can be estimated to data. Complete absence of social or peer influences resulted in long-term dominance of sedentary behavior and a decline of physically active populations. Social interactions between sedentary and moderately active populations were the most important social parameter that influenced low active populations to become and remain physically active. On the other hand, social interactions encouraging moderately active individuals to become sedentary drove exercise persistence to extinction. Communities should focus on increasing social interactions between sedentary and moderately active individuals to draw sedentary populations to become more active. Additionally, reducing opportunities for moderately active individuals to engage with sedentary individuals through sedentary social activities should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensela Mema
- New Jersey Center for Science, Technology and Mathematics (NJCSTM), Kean University, Union, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Everett S. Spain
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Body Composition and Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - James O. Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - R. Drew Sayer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Howard D. McInvale
- Special Projects Department, The MITRE Corporation, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Lee A. Evans
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Gist
- Department of Physical Education, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Diana M. Thomas
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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García Pérez de Sevilla G, Barceló Guido O, De la Cruz MDLP, Fernández AB, Alejo LB, Ramírez Goercke MI, Pérez-Ruiz M. Remotely Supervised Exercise during the COVID-19 Pandemic versus in-Person-Supervised Exercise in Achieving Long-Term Adherence to a Healthy Lifestyle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212198. [PMID: 34831954 PMCID: PMC8619241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization's global action plan on workers' health establishes that occupational health services should carry out lifestyle interventions within the workplace, to prevent the development of non-communicable diseases. The objective of the study was to compare adherence to a healthy lifestyle six months after completion of a multi-component intervention with remotely supervised physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic versus a multi-component intervention with in-person supervised physical exercise before the COVID-19 pandemic in university employees with unhealthy habits and predisposed to change. A prospective cohort study following the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology" (STROBE) guidelines was conducted, with two arms. Each multi-component intervention lasted for 18 weeks, and consisted of education on healthy habits, Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet)-based workshops, and a physical exercise program. Twenty-one middle-aged sedentary university employees with poor adherence to the MedDiet completed the study. Six months after completion of the intervention, both groups increased physical activity levels, adherence to the MedDiet, eating habits, health-promoting lifestyle, health responsibility, and health-related quality of life. There were no differences between groups in any of the variables analyzed. Therefore, remotely supervised physical exercise could be adequate to achieve long-term adherence to a healthy lifestyle in the same way as conventional face-to-face intervention, at least in a population willing to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García Pérez de Sevilla
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6-2920-7357
| | - Olga Barceló Guido
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (O.B.G.); (L.B.A.); (M.P.-R.)
| | | | - Ascensión Blanco Fernández
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.F.); (M.I.R.G.)
| | - Lidia B. Alejo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (O.B.G.); (L.B.A.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - María Isabel Ramírez Goercke
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.F.); (M.I.R.G.)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (O.B.G.); (L.B.A.); (M.P.-R.)
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Peñalvo JL, Sagastume D, Mertens E, Uzhova I, Smith J, Wu JHY, Bishop E, Onopa J, Shi P, Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Effectiveness of workplace wellness programmes for dietary habits, overweight, and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 6:e648-e660. [PMID: 34454642 PMCID: PMC8627548 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The workplace offers a unique opportunity for effective health
promotion. We aimed to comprehensively study the effectiveness of
multicomponent worksite wellness programmes for improving diet and
cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods We did a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, following
PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library,
Web of Science, and Education Resources Information Center, from Jan 1,
1990, to June 30, 2020, for studies with controlled evaluation designs that
assessed multicomponent workplace wellness programmes. Investigators
independently appraised the evidence and extracted the data. Outcomes were
dietary factors, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Pooled effects were calculated by inverse-variance random-effects
meta-analysis. Potential sources of heterogeneity and study biases were
evaluated. Findings From 10 169 abstracts reviewed, 121 studies (82 [68%] randomised
controlled trials and 39 [32%] quasi-experimental interventions) met the
eligibility criteria. Most studies were done in North America (57 [47%]),
and Europe, Australia, or New Zealand (36 [30%]). The median number of
participants was 413·0 (IQR 124·0–904·0), and
median duration of intervention was 9·0 months
(4·5–18·0). Workplace wellness programmes improved
fruit and vegetable consumption (0·27 servings per day [95% CI
0·16 to 0·37]), fruit consumption (0·20 servings per
day [0·11 to 0·28]), body-mass index (−0·22
kg/m2 [−0·28 to −0·17]), waist
circumference (−1·47 cm [−1·96 to
−0·98]), systolic blood pressure (−2·03 mm Hg
[−3·16 to −0·89]), and LDL cholesterol
(−5·18 mg/dL [−7·83 to −2·53]),
and to a lesser extent improved total fat intake (−1·18% of
daily energy intake [−1·78 to −0·58]), saturated
fat intake (−0·70% of daily energy [−1·22 to
−0·18]), bodyweight (−0·92 kg
[−1·11 to −0·72]), diastolic blood pressure
(−1·11 mm Hg [−1·78 to −0·44]),
fasting blood glucose (−1·81 mg/dL [−3·33 to
−0·28]), HDL cholesterol (1·11 mg/dL [0·48 to
1·74]), and triglycerides (−5·38 mg/dL
[−9·18 to −1·59]). No significant benefits were
observed for intake of vegetables (0·03 servings per day [95% CI
−0·04 to 0·10]), fibre (0·26 g per day
[−0·15 to 0·67]), polyunsaturated fat
(−0·23% of daily energy [−0·59 to 0·13]),
or for body fat (−0·80% [−1·80 to 0·21]),
waist-to-hip ratio (−0·00 ratio [−0·01 to
0·00]), or lean mass (1·01 kg [−0·82 to
2·83]). Heterogeneity values ranged from 46·9% to
91·5%. Between-study differences in outcomes were not significantly
explained by study design, location, population, or similar factors in
heterogeneity analyses. Interpretation Workplace wellness programmes are associated with improvements in
specific dietary, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic risk indicators. The
heterogeneity identified in study designs and results should be considered
when using these programmes as strategies to improve cardiometabolic
health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Peñalvo
- Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Diana Sagastume
- Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elly Mertens
- Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Uzhova
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Jessica Smith
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eve Bishop
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Onopa
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peilin Shi
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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A Novel Personalized Systems Nutrition Program Improves Dietary Patterns, Lifestyle Behaviors and Health-Related Outcomes: Results from the Habit Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061763. [PMID: 34067248 PMCID: PMC8224682 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized nutrition may be more effective in changing lifestyle behaviors compared to population-based guidelines. This single-arm exploratory study evaluated the impact of a 10-week personalized systems nutrition (PSN) program on lifestyle behavior and health outcomes. Healthy men and women (n = 82) completed the trial. Individuals were grouped into seven diet types, for which phenotypic, genotypic and behavioral data were used to generate personalized recommendations. Behavior change guidance was also provided. The intervention reduced the intake of calories (−256.2 kcal; p < 0.0001), carbohydrates (−22.1 g; p < 0.0039), sugar (−13.0 g; p < 0.0001), total fat (−17.3 g; p < 0.0001), saturated fat (−5.9 g; p = 0.0003) and PUFA (−2.5 g; p = 0.0065). Additionally, BMI (−0.6 kg/m2; p < 0.0001), body fat (−1.2%; p = 0.0192) and hip circumference (−5.8 cm; p < 0.0001) were decreased after the intervention. In the subgroup with the lowest phenotypic flexibility, a measure of the body’s ability to adapt to environmental stressors, LDL (−0.44 mmol/L; p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (−0.49 mmol/L; p < 0.0001) were reduced after the intervention. This study shows that a PSN program in a workforce improves lifestyle habits and reduces body weight, BMI and other health-related outcomes. Health improvement was most pronounced in the compromised phenotypic flexibility subgroup, which indicates that a PSN program may be effective in targeting behavior change in health-compromised target groups.
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Impact of a nutrition education program on health behaviors in a university workplace wellness program. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2021; 33:1198-1206. [PMID: 34860752 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex health issue associated with the leading causes of preventable chronic diseases, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. As part of an interprofessional team, nurse practitioners can play an integral role in leading worksite interventions to enhance health behavior change. Although worksite nutrition interventions have existed for many years, effective weight management programs are needed in the workplace. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a novel nutrition education program implemented in the workplace on health behaviors (dietary habits and physical activity), motivators and barriers, emotional eating, confidence, and biometrics (body mass index and lipid levels). METHODS A total of 96 university employees participated in a one-group pre- and postintervention from 2017 to 2019. The intervention included eight weekly face-face education sessions. We assessed dietary habits, physical activity, motivators and barriers of a healthy lifestyle, emotional eating, confidence levels, body mass index, and lipid levels. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon rank test were performed. RESULTS The consumption of fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, and physical activity increased significantly. Barriers, body mass index, and triglycerides significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in emotional eating and motivators after the intervention. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurse practitioners are positioned to lead an interprofessional team to provide nutrition education to help mitigate risk factors for obesity in various settings, including the workplace.
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