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Gu Y, Feng J, Shi J, Xiao G, Zhang W, Shao S, Liu B, Guo H. Global Research Trends on Exosome in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Bibliometric-Based Visual Analysis. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:377-402. [PMID: 39188326 PMCID: PMC11346494 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s473520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have attracted huge attention with substantial value and potential. Our bibliometrics is based on literature from the field of cardiovascular exosomes over the past 30 years, which has been visualized to display the development process, research hotspots, and cutting-edge trends of clinical practices, mechanisms, and management strategies related to psych cardiology. Methods We selected articles and reviews on exosomes in CVDs from the core collection of Web of Science, and generated visual charts by using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results Our research included 1613 publications. The number of exosome articles in CVD fluctuates slightly, but overall shows an increasing trend. The main research institutions were Tongji University and Nanjing Medical University. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences has the highest publication volume, while the Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine has the highest citation count. Among all the authors, Eduardo Marban ranks first in terms of publication volume and H-index. The most common keywords are exosome, extracellular vesicles, and angiogenesis. Conclusion This is a bibliometric study on the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVD. Exosome research in the field of cardiovascular medicine is on the rise. Some exosome treatment methods may become the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Gu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanyi Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuijin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baonian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Kumar R, Mishra N, Tran T, Kumar M, Vijayaraghavalu S, Gurusamy N. Emerging Strategies in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Cells 2024; 13:855. [PMID: 38786076 PMCID: PMC11120430 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases continue to challenge global health, demanding innovative therapeutic solutions. This review delves into the transformative role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in advancing cardiovascular therapeutics. Beginning with a historical perspective, we trace the development of stem cell research related to cardiovascular diseases, highlighting foundational therapeutic approaches and the evolution of cell-based treatments. Recognizing the inherent challenges of MSC-based cardiovascular therapeutics, which range from understanding the pro-reparative activity of MSCs to tailoring patient-specific treatments, we emphasize the need to refine the pro-regenerative capacity of these cells. Crucially, our focus then shifts to the strategies of the fourth generation of cell-based therapies: leveraging the secretomic prowess of MSCs, particularly the role of extracellular vesicles; integrating biocompatible scaffolds and artificial sheets to amplify MSCs' potential; adopting three-dimensional ex vivo propagation tailored to specific tissue niches; harnessing the promise of genetic modifications for targeted tissue repair; and institutionalizing good manufacturing practice protocols to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. We conclude with reflections on these advancements, envisaging a future landscape redefined by MSCs in cardiovascular regeneration. This review offers both a consolidation of our current understanding and a view toward imminent therapeutic horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Nitin Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Munish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Abouzid MR, Umer AM, Jha SK, Akbar UA, Khraisat O, Saleh A, Mohamed K, Esteghamati S, Kamel I. Stem Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Critical Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e59474. [PMID: 38832190 PMCID: PMC11145929 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring therapeutic options for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure, cell-based cardiac repair has gained prominence. This systematic review delves into the current state of knowledge surrounding cell-based therapies for cardiac repair. Employing a comprehensive search across relevant databases, the study identifies 35 included studies with diverse cell types and methodologies. Encouragingly, these findings reveal the promise of cell-based therapies in cardiac repair, demonstrating significant enhancements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) across the studies. Mechanisms of action involve growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, differentiation, and the survival of transplanted cells. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges persist, including low engraftment rates, limitations in cell differentiation, and variations in clinical reproducibility. The optimal dosage and frequency of cell administration remain subjects of debate, with potential benefits from repeated dosing. Additionally, the choice between autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation poses a critical decision. This systematic review underscores the potential of cell-based therapies for cardiac repair, bearing implications for innovative treatments in heart diseases. However, further research is imperative to optimize cell type selection, delivery techniques, and long-term efficacy, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of cell-based cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Abouzid
- Internal Medicine, Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, USA
| | - Ahmed Muaaz Umer
- Internal Medicine Residency, Camden Clark Medical Center, Parkersburg, USA
| | - Suman Kumar Jha
- Internal Medicine, Sheer Memorial Adventist Hospital, Banepa, NPL
| | - Usman A Akbar
- Internal Medicine, Camden Clark Medical Center, Parkersburg, USA
| | - Own Khraisat
- Internal Medicine, King Hussein Medical City, Amman, JOR
| | - Amr Saleh
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Kareem Mohamed
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | | | - Ibrahim Kamel
- Internal Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Boston, USA
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4
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Ahmad W, Saleh B, Qazi REM, Muneer R, Khan I, Khan M, Salim A. Direct differentiation of rat skin fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113934. [PMID: 38237847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases caused by diminished supply of nutrients and oxygen to the heart due to obstruction of the coronary artery. Different treatment options are available for cardiac diseases, however, they do not completely repair the damage. Therefore, reprogramming terminally differentiated fibroblasts using transcription factors is a promising strategy to differentiate them into cardiac like cells in vitro and to increase functional cardiomyocytes and reduce fibrotic scar in vivo. In this study, skin fibroblasts were selected for reprogramming because they serve as a convenient source for the autologous cell therapy. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin of rat pups, propagated, and directly reprogrammed towards cardiac lineage. For reprogramming, two different approaches were adopted, i.e., cells were transfected with: (1) combination of cardiac transcription factors; GATA4, MEF2c, Nkx2.5 (GMN), and (2) combination of cardiac transcription factors; GATA4, MEF2c, Nkx2.5, and iPSC factors; Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc (GMNO). After 72 h of transfection, cells were analyzed for the expression of cardiac markers at the mRNA and protein levels. For in vivo study, rat MI models were developed by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and the reprogrammed cells were transplanted in the infarcted heart. qPCR results showed that the reprogrammed cells exhibited significant upregulation of cardiac genes. Immunocytochemistry analysis further confirmed cardiomyogenic differentiation of the reprogrammed cells. For the assessment of cardiac function, animals were analyzed via echocardiography after 2 and 4 weeks of cell transplantation. Echocardiographic results showed that the hearts transplanted with the reprogrammed cells improved ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular internal systolic and diastolic dimensions, and end systolic and diastolic volumes. After 4 weeks of cell transplantation, heart tissues were harvested and processed for histology. The histological analysis showed that the reprogrammed cells improved wall thickness of left ventricle and reduced fibrosis significantly as compared to the control. It is concluded from the study that novel combination of cardiac transcription factors directly reprogrammed skin fibroblasts and differentiated them into cardiomyocytes. These differentiated cells showed cardiomyogenic characters in vitro, and reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac function in vivo. Furthermore, direct reprogramming of fibroblasts transfected with cardiac transcription factors showed better regeneration of the injured myocardium and improved cardiac function as compared to the indirect approach in which combination of cardiac and iPSC factors were used. The study after further optimization could be used as a better strategy for cell-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Saleh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rida-E-Maria Qazi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Muneer
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Asmat Salim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Abubakar M, Masood MF, Javed I, Adil H, Faraz MA, Bhat RR, Fatima M, Abdelkhalek AM, Buccilli B, Raza S, Hajjaj M. Unlocking the Mysteries, Bridging the Gap, and Unveiling the Multifaceted Potential of Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review of Current Literature, Ethical Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Cureus 2023; 15:e41533. [PMID: 37551212 PMCID: PMC10404462 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Revolutionary advancements in regenerative medicine have brought stem cell therapy to the forefront, offering promising prospects for the regeneration of ischemic cardiac tissue. Yet, its full efficacy, safety, and role in treating ischemic heart disease (IHD) remain limited. This literature review explores the intricate mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy. Furthermore, we unravel the innovative approaches employed to bolster stem cell survival, enhance differentiation, and seamlessly integrate them within the ischemic cardiac tissue microenvironment. Our comprehensive analysis uncovers how stem cells enhance cell survival, promote angiogenesis, and modulate the immune response. Stem cell therapy harnesses a multifaceted mode of action, encompassing paracrine effects and direct cell replacement. As our review progresses, we underscore the imperative for standardized protocols, comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies, and careful regulatory considerations. Lastly, we explore the integration of tissue engineering and genetic modifications, envisioning a future where stem cell therapy reigns supreme in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
- Department of Internal Medicine, Siddique Sadiq Memorial Trust Hospital, Gujranwala, PAK
| | | | - Izzah Javed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Hira Adil
- Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Girls Medical College, Hayatabad, PAK
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Faraz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rakshita Ramesh Bhat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, IND
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, IND
| | - Mahek Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Barbara Buccilli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ITA
| | - Saud Raza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Mohsin Hajjaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
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6
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Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810314. [PMID: 36142245 PMCID: PMC9499607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles—exosomes—released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.
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7
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Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles towards MMP9 for Controlling Cardiac ECM after Myocardial Infarction: A Predictive Experimental-Computational Chemistry Investigation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092070. [PMID: 36140171 PMCID: PMC9495980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in nanotechnology are revolutionizing preventive and therapeutic approaches to treating cardiovascular diseases. Controlling the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and expression in the failing human left ventricular myocardium represents a significant therapeutic target for heart disease. In this study, we used molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) to restore the correct balance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and explored the potential of this technique exhaustively through chemical synthesis, physicochemical and biological characterizations, and computational chemistry methods. By molecular dynamics simulations based on classical force fields, we simulated the early stages of the imprinting process in solution disclosing the pivotal interaction established between the monomers and the MMP9 protein template. The average interaction energies of methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly (ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (PEG) units were in the ranges 17–22 and 30–37 kcal/mol, respectively. At low coverage, the PEG monomers seemed firmly anchored to the protein surface and were not displaced by water, while only about 20% of MAA was replaced by water. The synthesis of MIPs was successfully with a monomer conversion higher than 99% and the production of spherical particles with average diameter of 344 ± 33 nm. HPLC analysis showed a specific recognition factor of MMP9 on MIPs of about 1.3. FT-IR Chemical Imaging confirmed the mechanisms necessary to generate a “selective memory” of the MIPs towards the enzyme. HPLC results indicated that the rebound amount of both TIMP1 and MMP2 to MIPs is lower than that of the template, showing a selectivity factor of 2.1 and 2.3, respectively. Preliminary tests on the effect of MIPs on H9C2 cells revealed that this treatment has no cytotoxic effects.
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8
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Yu CG, Deng Q, Cao S, Zhao ZY, Mei DE, Feng CL, Zhou Q, Chen JL. Ultrasound-targeted cationic microbubbles combined with the NFκB binding motif increase SDF-1α gene transfection: A protective role in hearts after myocardial infarction. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:594-604. [PMID: 35324061 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major challenge. The chemokine family plays an important role in cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling following MI, while stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is the most promising therapeutic target. This study aimed to increase SDF-1α expression using a novel gene delivery system and further explore its effect on MI treatment. In this study, two kinds of plasmids, human SDF-1α plasmid (phSDF-1α) and human SDF-1α- nuclear factor κB plasmid (phSDF-1α-NFκB), were constructed and loaded onto cationic microbubble carriers, and the plasmids were released into MI rabbits by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction. The transfection efficiency of SDF-1α and the degree of heart repair were further explored and compared. In the MI rabbit models, transfection with phSDF-1α-NFκB resulted in higher SDF-1α expression in peri-infarct area compared with transfection with phSDF-1α or no transfection. Upregulation of SDF-1α was shown beneficial to these MI rabbit models, as demonstrated with better recovery of cardiac function, greater perfusion of the myocardium, more neovascularization, smaller infarction size and thicker infarct wall 1 month after treatment. Ultrasound-targeted cationic microbubbles combined with the NFκB binding motif could increase SDF-1α gene transfection, which would play a protective role after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Gui Yu
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Zhao
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-E Mei
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuang-Li Feng
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-Ling Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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9
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Tian XQ, Qian XS, Wang H, Yang YJ. Adiponectin improves the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing their engraftment and survival in the peri-infarct myocardium through the AMPK pathway. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:534-553. [PMID: 35173873 PMCID: PMC8829631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the ischemic heart has limited their therapeutic potential for cardiac repair. We have previously shown that adiponectin (APN) treatment inhibits MSCs apoptosis under ischemic conditions in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether APN promoted the survival of MSCs in vivo and further contributed to cardiac repair in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Rats were randomized into six groups: the sham, AMI control, and four other groups that were subjected to AMI followed by treatment with MSCs, APN, APN + MSCs, and APN + MSCs + AMPK inhibitor, respectively. The engraftment and survival of MSCs were detected using both immunofluorescence staining and qPCR. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and left heart catheterization. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining for MHC-II and CD206 were performed to assess the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunostaining for the smooth muscle cell marker α-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA) and endothelial cell marker CD31 was performed to assess arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. APN treatment significantly enhanced the engraftment and survival rate of transplanted MSCs and further improved cardiac function and led to reduced infarct size compared with MSCs treatment alone at 4 weeks after AMI. Combined administration of APN and MSCs noticeably suppressed the inflammatory response by specifically promoting the shift of infiltrated macrophages to an less-inflammatory phenotype. Combined administration of APN and MSCs also significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in the peri-infarct myocardium compared with MSCs transplantation alone. These protective effects of APN were associated with AMPK phosphorylation and were partially reversed by AMPK pathway inhibitors. Our results are the first to show that APN is able to effectively improve the survival and therapeutic efficacy of transplanted MSCs after AMI through AMPK activation. APN has the potential to be utilized for stem cell-based heart repair after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qiu Tian
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Song Qian
- Institute of Uro-Nephrology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037, China
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10
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Schena GJ, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Headrick AL, Yang Y, Koch KA, Kubo H, Eaton D, Johnson J, Berretta R, Mohsin S, Kishore R, McKinsey TA, Elrod JW, Houser SR. Cortical bone stem cell-derived exosomes' therapeutic effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1014-H1029. [PMID: 34623184 PMCID: PMC8793944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is the one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Heart failure is a complex syndrome caused by numerous diseases, including severe myocardial infarction (MI). MI occurs after an occlusion of a cardiac artery causing downstream ischemia. MI is followed by cardiac remodeling involving extensive remodeling and fibrosis, which, if the original insult is severe or prolonged, can ultimately progress into heart failure. There is no "cure" for heart failure because therapies to regenerate dead tissue are not yet available. Previous studies have shown that in both post-MI and post-ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models of heart failure, administration of cortical bone stem cell (CBSC) treatment leads to a reduction in scar size and improved cardiac function. Our first study investigated the ability of mouse CBSC-derived exosomes (mCBSC-dEXO) to recapitulate mouse CBSCs (mCBSC) therapeutic effects in a 24-h post-I/R model. This study showed that injection of mCBSCs and mCBSC-dEXOs into the ischemic region of an infarct had a protective effect against I/R injury. mCBSC-dEXOs recapitulated the effects of CBSC treatment post-I/R, indicating exosomes are partly responsible for CBSC's beneficial effects. To examine if exosomes decrease fibrotic activation, adult rat ventricular fibroblasts (ARVFs) and adult human cardiac fibroblasts (NHCFs) were treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) to activate fibrotic signaling before treatment with mCBSC- and human CBSC (hCBSC)-dEXOs. hCBSC-dEXOs caused a 100-fold decrease in human fibroblast activation. To further understand the signaling mechanisms regulating the protective decrease in fibrosis, we performed RNA sequencing on the NHCFs after hCBSC-dEXO treatment. The group treated with both TGFβ and exosomes showed a decrease in small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), known to be involved with ribosome stability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work is noteworthy due to the identification of factors within stem cell-derived exosomes (dEXOs) that alter fibroblast activation through the hereto-unknown mechanism of decreasing small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) signaling within cardiac fibroblasts. The study also shows that the injection of stem cells or a stem-cell-derived exosome therapy at the onset of reperfusion elicits cardioprotection, emphasizing the importance of early treatment in the post-ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) wounded heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana J Schena
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma K Murray
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alycia N Hildebrand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alaina L Headrick
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keith A Koch
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaslyn Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology & Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wu X, Wang D, Qin K, Iroegbu CD, Xiang K, Zhou Y, Guan Q, Tang W, Peng J, Guo J, Yang J, Fan C. Cardiac Repair With Echocardiography-Guided Multiple Percutaneous Left Ventricular Intramyocardial Injection of hiPSC-CMs After Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768873. [PMID: 34805322 PMCID: PMC8600116 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the potency of cardiac repair based on echocardiography-guided multiple percutaneous left ventricular intramyocardial injection of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Mice with surgically induced MI were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each group) and subjected to echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular infarcted border injection of hiPSC-CMs (single dose; 10 μl 3 × 105 cells) or repeated injections of hiPSC-CMs at post-MI weeks 1 and 2 (multiple doses). The sham group of animals underwent all surgical procedures necessary for MI induction except for ligation. Then 4 weeks after MI, heart function was measured with transthoracic echocardiography. Engraftment was evaluated through the detection of human-specific cardiac troponin T. Infarct size and collagen volume were calculated with Sirius Red/Fast Green staining. Angiogenesis was evaluated with isolectin B4 staining. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated from the cardiomyocyte minimal fiber diameter in the infarcted border zone. Apoptosis was detected via TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining in cardiomyocytes from the infarcted border zone. Results: No mice died after echocardiography-guided percutaneous left ventricular intramyocardial injection. hiPSC-CMs were about nine-fold higher in the multiple-dose group at week 4 compared to the single-dose group. Multiple-dose transplantation was associated with significant improvement in left ventricular function, infarct size, angiogenesis, cardiac remodeling, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion: Echocardiography-guided multiple percutaneous left ventricular intramyocardial injection is a feasible, satisfactory, repeatable, relatively less invasive, and effective method of delivering cell therapy. The delivery of hiPSC-CMs indicates a novel therapy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China
| | - Kele Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjing Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Changsha, China.,Hunan Fangsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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12
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Das S, Nam H, Jang J. 3D bioprinting of stem cell-laden cardiac patch: A promising alternative for myocardial repair. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031508. [PMID: 34368602 PMCID: PMC8318604 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted cardiac patches offer an alternative and promising therapeutic and regenerative approach for ischemic cardiomyopathy by reversing scar formation and promoting myocardial regeneration. Numerous studies have reported using either multipotent or pluripotent stem cells or their combination for 3D bioprinting of a cardiac patch with the sole aim of restoring cardiac function by faithfully rejuvenating the cardiomyocytes and associated vasculatures that are lost to myocardial infarction. While many studies have demonstrated success in mimicking cardiomyocytes' behavior, improving cardiac function and providing new hope for regenerating heart post-myocardial infarction, some others have reported contradicting data in apparent ways. Nonetheless, all investigators in the field are speed racing toward determining a potential strategy to effectively treat losses due to myocardial infarction. This review discusses various types of candidate stem cells that possess cardiac regenerative potential, elucidating their applications and limitations. We also brief the challenges of and an update on the implementation of the state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting approach to fabricate cardiac patches and highlight different strategies to implement vascularization and augment cardiac functional properties with respect to electrophysiological similarities to native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskrita Das
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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13
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Evens L, Beliën H, D’Haese S, Haesen S, Verboven M, Rummens JL, Bronckaers A, Hendrikx M, Deluyker D, Bito V. Combinational Therapy of Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells and Pyridoxamine: The Road to Cardiac Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179266. [PMID: 34502175 PMCID: PMC8431115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the coronary blood supply is interrupted. As a consequence, cardiomyocytes are irreversibly damaged and lost. Unfortunately, current therapies for MI are unable to prevent progression towards heart failure. As the renewal rate of cardiomyocytes is minimal, the optimal treatment should achieve effective cardiac regeneration, possibly with stem cells transplantation. In that context, our research group identified the cardiac atrial appendage stem cells (CASCs) as a new cellular therapy. However, CASCs are transplanted into a hostile environment, with elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which may affect their regenerative potential. In this study, we hypothesize that pyridoxamine (PM), a vitamin B6 derivative, could further enhance the regenerative capacities of CASCs transplanted after MI by reducing AGEs’ formation. Methods and Results: MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Animals were assigned to either no therapy (MI), CASCs transplantation (MI + CASCs), or CASCs transplantation supplemented with PM treatment (MI + CASCs + PM). Four weeks post-surgery, global cardiac function and infarct size were improved upon CASCs transplantation. Interstitial collagen deposition, evaluated on cryosections, was decreased in the MI animals transplanted with CASCs. Contractile properties of resident left ventricular cardiomyocytes were assessed by unloaded cell shortening. CASCs transplantation prevented cardiomyocyte shortening deterioration. Even if PM significantly reduced cardiac levels of AGEs, cardiac outcome was not further improved. Conclusion: Limiting AGEs’ formation with PM during an ischemic injury in vivo did not further enhance the improved cardiac phenotype obtained with CASCs transplantation. Whether AGEs play an important deleterious role in the setting of stem cell therapy after MI warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Evens
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Hanne Beliën
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Sarah D’Haese
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Sibren Haesen
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Maxim Verboven
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt—Hasselt University, BIOMED—Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (L.E.); (H.B.); (S.D.); (S.H.); (M.V.); (J.-L.R.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-11269285
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14
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Schweiger V, Hasimbegovic E, Kastner N, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Gyöngyösi M, Mester-Tonczar J. Non-Coding RNAs in Stem Cell Regulation and Cardiac Regeneration: Current Problems and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179160. [PMID: 34502068 PMCID: PMC8431637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in rapid revascularization strategies following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have led to improved short and long-term outcomes, the associated loss of cardiomyocytes and the subsequent remodeling result in an impaired ventricular function that can lead to heart failure or death. The poor regenerative capacity of the myocardium and the current lack of effective regenerative therapies have driven stem cell research in search of a possible solution. One approach involves the delivery of stem cells to the site of injury in order to stimulate repair response. Although animal studies initially delivered promising results, the application of similar techniques in humans has been hampered by poor target site retention and oncogenic considerations. In response, several alternative strategies, including the use of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have been introduced with the aim of activating and regulating stem cells or inducing stem cell status in resident cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNAs with pivotal functions in cell proliferation and differentiation, whose role in stem cell regulation and potential significance for the field of cardiac regeneration is the primary focus of this review. We also address the general advantages of ncRNAs as promising drivers of cardiac regeneration and potent stem cell regulators.
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15
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Abizanda G, López-Muneta L, Linares J, Ramos LI, Baraibar-Churio A, Bobadilla M, Iglesias E, Coppiello G, Ripalda-Cemboráin P, Aranguren XL, Prósper F, Pérez-Ruiz A, Carvajal-Vergara X. Local Preirradiation of Infarcted Cardiac Tissue Substantially Enhances Cell Engraftment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179126. [PMID: 34502036 PMCID: PMC8430717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cell therapy for the treatment of myocardial infarction depends on finding novel approaches that can substantially implement the engraftment of the transplanted cells. In order to enhance cell engraftment, most studies have focused on the pretreatment of transplantable cells. Here we have considered an alternative approach that involves the preconditioning of infarcted heart tissue to reduce endogenous cell activity and thus provide an advantage to our exogenous cells. This treatment is routinely used in other tissues such as bone marrow and skeletal muscle to improve cell engraftment, but it has never been taken in cardiac tissue. To avoid long-term cardiotoxicity induced by full heart irradiation we developed a rat model of a catheter-based heart irradiation system to locally impact a delimited region of the infarcted cardiac tissue. As proof of concept, we transferred ZsGreen+ iPSCs in the infarcted heart, due to their ease of use and detection. We found a very significant increase in cell engraftment in preirradiated rats. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that preconditioning the infarcted cardiac tissue with local irradiation can substantially enhance cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Abizanda
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Leyre López-Muneta
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Javier Linares
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Luis I. Ramos
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Arantxa Baraibar-Churio
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Miriam Bobadilla
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena Iglesias
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Giulia Coppiello
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Purificación Ripalda-Cemboráin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Xabier L. Aranguren
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ruiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.-R.); (X.C.-V.); Tel.: +34-948-194-700 (A.P.-R. & X.C.-V.)
| | - Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (FIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (G.A.); (L.L.-M.); (J.L.); (A.B.-C.); (M.B.); (E.I.); (G.C.); (P.R.-C.); (X.L.A.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.-R.); (X.C.-V.); Tel.: +34-948-194-700 (A.P.-R. & X.C.-V.)
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Jayaraman S, Gnanasampanthapandian D, Rajasingh J, Palaniyandi K. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Potential Therapeutic Roles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:723236. [PMID: 34447796 PMCID: PMC8382889 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.723236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to myocardial abnormalities, cardiac ailments are considered to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to a recent study, membranous vesicles that are produced naturally, termed as "exosomes", have emerged as the potential candidate in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine. A wide spectrum of stem cells has also been investigated in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exosomes obtained from the stem cells are found to be cardioprotective and offer great hope in the treatment of CVD. The basic nature of exosomes is to deal with the intracellular delivery of both proteins and nucleic acids. This activity of exosomes helps us to rely on them as the attractive pharmaceutical delivery agents. Most importantly, exosomes derived from microRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise in assessing the risk of CVD, as they serve as notable biomarkers of the disease. Exosomes are small, less immunogenic, and lack toxicity. These nanovesicles harbor immense potential as a therapeutic entity and would provide fruitful benefits if consequential research were focused on their upbringing and development as a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research & Medicine-Cardiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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17
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Cho HM, Cho JY. Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1264-1279. [PMID: 33492627 PMCID: PMC8316208 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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18
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Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Jin P, Ding L, Wang L, Jiang S, Weng J, Gao Y, Fan J, Sun LZ. Extracellular vesicles derived from myocardial infarction plasma inhibit BMSCs apoptosis and enhance cardiac function via AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107730. [PMID: 34020395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in myocardial infarction (MI) plasma could protect against apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following hypoxia or serum deprivation in vitro and improve cardiac function following MI in vivo. The plasma samples were taken from female rats 24 h after MI. EVs were obtained and co-cultured with BMSCs. We found that EVs could be taken up by BMSCs. Co-culturing with EVs attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in EVs in a dose-dependent manner, which was reversed by the pharmacological inhibition of AKT signaling. Co-culturing with EVs improved transplantation efficiency and blunted MI-induced apoptosis of BMSCs in vivo. Furthermore, transplantation of BMSCs together with EVs can effectively promote the increase in capillary density both at the border and central zone of myocardium and ameliorate myocardial remodeling in MI rats. BMSCs and EVs transplantation treatment exhibited significant improvements in ejection fraction, fraction shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, and left ventricular end-systolic dimensions, as evaluated by echocardiography four weeks after MI in rats. Finally, levels of differentiation- and apoptosis-related microRNAs expression in EVs that may mediate these effects were also identified by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential role of plasma-derived EVs in decreasing apoptosis of BMSCs by activating AKT signaling, promoting angiogenesis, ameliorating myocardial remodeling, and improving cardiac function in MI rats. EV application may be a novel option to ameliorate the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs to improve cardiac function following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiakan Weng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Li-Zhong Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China.
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20
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Li Q, Hou H, Li M, Yu X, Zuo H, Gao J, Zhang M, Li Z, Guo Z. CD73 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637239. [PMID: 34055772 PMCID: PMC8152667 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With multipotent differentiation potential and paracrine capacity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied in clinical practice for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. MSCs are a heterogeneous population and the specific population of MSCs may exhibit a selective ability for tissue repair. The aim of our research was to adapt the CD73+ subgroup of adipose derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). In this research, AD-MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue surrounding the groin of mice and CD73+ AD-MSCs were sorted using flow cytometry. To investigate the therapeutic effects of CD73+ AD-MSCs, 1.2 × 106 CD73+ AD-MSCs were transplanted into rat model of MI, and CD73– AD-MSCs, normal AD-MSCs transplantation served as control. Our results revealed that CD73+ AD-MSCs played a more effective role in the acceleration function of cardiac recovery by promoting angiogenesis in a rat model of MI compared with mixed AD-MSCs and CD73– AD-MSCs. Moreover, with the expression of CD73 in AD-MSCs, the secretion of VEGF, SDF-1α, and HGF factors could be promoted. It also shows differences between CD73+ and CD73– AD-MSCs when the transcription profiles of these two subgroups were compared, especially in VEGF pathway. These findings raise an attractive outlook on CD73+ AD-MSCs as a dominant subgroup for treating MI-induced myocardial injury. CD73, a surface marker, can be used as a MSCs cell quality control for the recovery of MI by accelerating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huifang Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zuo
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianhui Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated of Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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21
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The triad of nanotechnology, cell signalling, and scaffold implantation for the successful repair of damaged organs: An overview on soft-tissue engineering. J Control Release 2021; 332:460-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Galow AM, Goldammer T, Hoeflich A. Xenogeneic and Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Genetic Engineering of Porcine Cells and Their Applications in Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249686. [PMID: 33353186 PMCID: PMC7766969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major health concern worldwide with few therapy options for ischemic injuries due to the limited regeneration potential of affected cardiomyocytes. Innovative cell replacement approaches could facilitate efficient regenerative therapy. However, despite extensive attempts to expand primary human cells in vitro, present technological limitations and the lack of human donors have so far prevented their broad clinical use. Cell xenotransplantation might provide an ethically acceptable unlimited source for cell replacement therapies and bridge the gap between waiting recipients and available donors. Pigs are considered the most suitable candidates as a source for xenogeneic cells and tissues due to their anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. The potential of porcine cells in the field of stem cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine is under intensive investigation. This review outlines the current progress and highlights the most promising approaches in xenogeneic cell therapy with a focus on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (T.G.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68-723
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (T.G.); (A.H.)
- Molecular Biology and Fish Genetics Unit, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (T.G.); (A.H.)
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23
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Dergilev KV, Shevchenko EK, Tsokolaeva ZI, Beloglazova IB, Zubkova ES, Boldyreva MA, Menshikov MY, Ratner EI, Penkov D, Parfyonova YV. Cell Sheet Comprised of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Overexpressing Stem Cell Factor Promotes Epicardium Activation and Heart Function Improvement in a Rat Model of Myocardium Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249603. [PMID: 33339427 PMCID: PMC7766731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy of the post-infarcted myocardium is still far from clinical use. Poor survival of transplanted cells, insufficient regeneration, and replacement of the damaged tissue limit the potential of currently available cell-based techniques. In this study, we generated a multilayered construct from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modified to secrete stem cell factor, SCF. In a rat model of myocardium infarction, we show that transplantation of SCF producing cell sheet induced activation of the epicardium and promoted the accumulation of c-kit positive cells in ischemic muscle. Morphometry showed the reduction of infarct size (16%) and a left ventricle expansion index (0.12) in the treatment group compared to controls (24-28%; 0.17-0.32). The ratio of viable myocardium was more than 1.5-fold higher, reaching 49% compared to the control (28%) or unmodified cell sheet group (30%). Finally, by day 30 after myocardium infarction, SCF-producing cell sheet transplantation increased left ventricle ejection fraction from 37% in the control sham-operated group to 53%. Our results suggest that, combining the genetic modification of MSCs and their assembly into a multilayered construct, we can provide prolonged pleiotropic effects to the damaged heart, induce endogenous regenerative processes, and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Dergilev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Evgeny K. Shevchenko
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoya I. Tsokolaeva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - Irina B. Beloglazova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Zubkova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Maria A. Boldyreva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail Yu. Menshikov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Elizaveta I. Ratner
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Dmitry Penkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
| | - Yelena V. Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia; (K.V.D.); (Z.I.T.); (I.B.B.); (E.S.Z.); (M.A.B.); (M.Y.M.); (E.I.R.); (D.P.); (Y.V.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Ishigami S, Sano T, Krishnapura S, Ito T, Sano S. An overview of stem cell therapy for paediatric heart failure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:881-887. [PMID: 32588055 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant achievements in paediatric cardiology, surgical treatment and intensive care of congenital heart disease have drastically changed clinical outcomes for paediatric patients. Nevertheless, late-onset heart failure in children after staged surgeries still remains a serious concern in the medical community. Heart transplantation is an option for treatment; however, the shortage of available organs is a persistent problem in many developed countries. In order to resolve these issues, advanced technologies, such as innovative mechanical circulatory support devices and regenerative therapies, are strongly desired. Accumulated evidence regarding cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies has suggested their safety and efficacy in treating adult heart failure. Given that young children seem to have a higher regenerative capacity than adults, stem cell-based therapies appear a promising treatment option for paediatric heart failure as well. Based on the findings from past trials and studies, we present the potential of various different types of stem cells, ranging from bone marrow mononuclear cells to cardiosphere-derived stem cells for use in paediatric cell-based therapies. Here, we assess both the current challenges associated with cell-based therapies and novel strategies that may be implemented in the future to advance stem cell therapy in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Ishigami
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Toshikazu Sano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunaya Krishnapura
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shunji Sano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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The Future of Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Any GMT Cocktail Variety? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217950. [PMID: 33114756 PMCID: PMC7663133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and regenerate injured hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac cells. Most studies have focused on the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The first study in which this technology was described, showed that at least a combination of three transcription factors, GATA4, MEF2C and TBX5 (GMT cocktail), was required for the reprogramming into iCMs in vitro using mouse cells. However, this was later demonstrated to be insufficient for the reprogramming of human cells and additional factors were required. Thereafter, most studies have focused on implementing reprogramming efficiency and obtaining fully reprogrammed and functional iCMs, by the incorporation of other transcription factors, microRNAs or small molecules to the original GMT cocktail. In this respect, great advances have been made in recent years. However, there is still no consensus on which of these GMT-based varieties is best, and robust and highly reproducible protocols are still urgently required, especially in the case of human cells. On the other hand, apart from CMs, other cells such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells to form new blood vessels will be fundamental for the correct reconstruction of damaged cardiac tissue. With this aim, several studies have centered on the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) able to give rise to all myocardial cell lineages. Especially interesting are reports in which multipotent and highly expandable mouse iCPCs have been obtained, suggesting that clinically relevant amounts of these cells could be created. However, as of yet, this has not been achieved with human iCPCs, and exactly what stage of maturity is appropriate for a cell therapy product remains an open question. Nonetheless, the major concern in regenerative medicine is the poor retention, survival, and engraftment of transplanted cells in the cardiac tissue. To circumvent this issue, several cell pre-conditioning approaches are currently being explored. As an alternative to cell injection, in vivo reprogramming may face fewer barriers for its translation to the clinic. This approach has achieved better results in terms of efficiency and iCMs maturity in mouse models, indicating that the heart environment can favor this process. In this context, in recent years some studies have focused on the development of safer delivery systems such as Sendai virus, Adenovirus, chemical cocktails or nanoparticles. This article provides an in-depth review of the in vitro and in vivo cardiac reprograming technology used in mouse and human cells to obtain iCMs and iCPCs, and discusses what challenges still lie ahead and what hurdles are to be overcome before results from this field can be transferred to the clinical settings.
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26
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Preconditioned and Genetically Modified Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197301. [PMID: 33023264 PMCID: PMC7582407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction remain leading causes of mortality worldwide. Existing myocardial infarction treatments are incapable of fully repairing and regenerating the infarcted myocardium. Stem cell transplantation therapy has demonstrated promising results in improving heart function following myocardial infarction. However, poor cell survival and low engraftment at the harsh and hostile environment at the site of infarction limit the regeneration potential of stem cells. Preconditioning with various physical and chemical factors, as well as genetic modification and cellular reprogramming, are strategies that could potentially optimize stem cell transplantation therapy for clinical application. In this review, we discuss the most up-to-date findings related to utilizing preconditioned stem cells for myocardial infarction treatment, focusing mainly on preconditioning with hypoxia, growth factors, drugs, and biological agents. Furthermore, genetic manipulations on stem cells, such as the overexpression of specific proteins, regulation of microRNAs, and cellular reprogramming to improve their efficiency in myocardial infarction treatment, are discussed as well.
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27
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Kesidou D, da Costa Martins PA, de Windt LJ, Brittan M, Beqqali A, Baker AH. Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs in the Promotion of Cardiac Neovascularisation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:579892. [PMID: 33101061 PMCID: PMC7546892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.579892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide claiming almost 17. 9 million deaths annually. A primary cause is atherosclerosis within the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle resulting in myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac cell death. Despite substantial progress in the management of coronary heart disease (CHD), there is still a significant number of patients developing chronic heart failure post-MI. Recent research has been focused on promoting neovascularisation post-MI with the ultimate goal being to reduce the extent of injury and improve function in the failing myocardium. Cardiac cell transplantation studies in pre-clinical models have shown improvement in cardiac function; nonetheless, poor retention of the cells has indicated a paracrine mechanism for the observed improvement. Cell communication in a paracrine manner is controlled by various mechanisms, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have emerged as novel regulators of intercellular communication, by transferring molecules able to influence molecular pathways in the recipient cell. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of EVs to stimulate angiogenesis by transferring microRNA (miRNA, miR) molecules to endothelial cells (ECs). In this review, we describe the process of neovascularisation and current developments in modulating neovascularisation in the heart using miRNAs and EV-bound miRNAs. Furthermore, we critically evaluate methods used in cell culture, EV isolation and administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kesidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paula A. da Costa Martins
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Leon J. de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Howard Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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28
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Cardiac stem cell therapy: Does a newborn infant's heart have infinite potential for stem cell therapy? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Monsanto MM, Wang BJ, Ehrenberg ZR, Echeagaray O, White KS, Alvarez R, Fisher K, Sengphanith S, Muliono A, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Enhancing myocardial repair with CardioClusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3955. [PMID: 32769998 PMCID: PMC7414230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy to treat heart failure is an ongoing focus of intense research, but progress toward structural and functional recovery remains modest. Engineered augmentation of established cellular effectors overcomes impediments to enhance reparative activity. Such 'next generation' implementation includes delivery of combinatorial cell populations exerting synergistic effects. Concurrent isolation and expansion of three distinct cardiac-derived interstitial cell types from human heart tissue, previously reported by our group, prompted design of a 3D structure that maximizes cellular interaction, allows for defined cell ratios, controls size, enables injectability, and minimizes cell loss. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and c-Kit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCICs) when cultured together spontaneously form scaffold-free 3D microenvironments termed CardioClusters. scRNA-Seq profiling reveals CardioCluster expression of stem cell-relevant factors, adhesion/extracellular-matrix molecules, and cytokines, while maintaining a more native transcriptome similar to endogenous cardiac cells. CardioCluster intramyocardial delivery improves cell retention and capillary density with preservation of cardiomyocyte size and long-term cardiac function in a murine infarction model followed 20 weeks. CardioCluster utilization in this preclinical setting establish fundamental insights, laying the framework for optimization in cell-based therapeutics intended to mitigate cardiomyopathic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Monsanto
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Zach R Ehrenberg
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kristina Fisher
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Sharon Sengphanith
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Alvin Muliono
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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30
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Bandekar M, Maurya DK, Sharma D, Checker R, Gota V, Mishra N, Sandur SK. Xenogeneic transplantation of human WJ-MSCs rescues mice from acute radiation syndrome via Nrf-2-dependent regeneration of damaged tissues. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2044-2057. [PMID: 32040239 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for radiation countermeasures that can be deployed for treatment of exposed individuals during ionizing radiation (IR) accidents or terrorism. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) from human umbilical cord have been shown to avoid allorecognition and induce a tissue-regenerating microenvironment, which makes them an attractive candidate for mitigating IR injury. We found that WJ-MSCs protected mice from a lethal dose of IR even when transplanted up to 24 hours after irradiation, and a combination of WJ-MSCs and antibiotic (tetracycline) could further expand the window of protection offered by WJ-MSCs. This combinatorial approach mitigated IR-induced damage to the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal system. WJ-MSCs increased the serum concentration of the cytoprotective cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-6 in mice. Knockdown of G-CSF and IL-6 in WJ-MSCs before injection to lethally irradiated mice or transplantation of WJ-MSCs to lethally irradiated Nrf-2 knockout mice significantly nullified the therapeutic protective efficacy. Hence, WJ-MSCs could be a potential cell-based therapy for individuals accidentally exposed to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.,University of Mumbai, Kalina, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra K Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Martínez de Hoyo K, Ortega Enciso A, Mendoza Beltrán F, Reynolds Pombo J. Células madre como alternativa al marcapaso transvenoso. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Cinteza M. Can Myocardium Regenerate? MAEDICA 2020; 15:143-145. [PMID: 32952676 PMCID: PMC7482677 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.15.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Cinteza
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Mazzola M, Di Pasquale E. Toward Cardiac Regeneration: Combination of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Bioengineering Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:455. [PMID: 32528940 PMCID: PMC7266938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple studies have been conducted so far in order to develop treatments able to prevent the progression of these pathologies. Despite progress made in the last decade, current therapies are still hampered by poor translation into actual clinical applications. The major drawback of such strategies is represented by the limited regenerative capacity of the cardiac tissue. Indeed, after an ischaemic insult, the formation of fibrotic scar takes place, interfering with mechanical and electrical functions of the heart. Hence, the ability of the heart to recover after ischaemic injury depends on several molecular and cellular pathways, and the imbalance between them results into adverse remodeling, culminating in heart failure. In this complex scenario, a new chapter of regenerative medicine has been opened over the past 20 years with the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells share the same characteristic of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but are generated from patient-specific somatic cells, overcoming the ethical limitations related to ESC use and providing an autologous source of human cells. Similarly to ESCs, iPSCs are able to efficiently differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs), and thus hold a real regenerative potential for future clinical applications. However, cell-based therapies are subjected to poor grafting and may cause adverse effects in the failing heart. Thus, over the last years, bioengineering technologies focused their attention on the improvement of both survival and functionality of iPSC-derived CMs. The combination of these two fields of study has burst the development of cell-based three-dimensional (3D) structures and organoids which mimic, more realistically, the in vivo cell behavior. Toward the same path, the possibility to directly induce conversion of fibroblasts into CMs has recently emerged as a promising area for in situ cardiac regeneration. In this review we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in the application of pluripotent stem cells and tissue-engineering for therapeutically relevant cardiac regenerative approaches, aiming to highlight outcomes, limitations and future perspectives for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazzola
- Stem Cell Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Stem Cell Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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Jang WB, Ji ST, Park JH, Kim YJ, Kang S, Kim DY, Lee NK, Kim JS, Lim HJ, Choi J, Le THV, Ly TTG, Rethineswaran VK, Kim DH, Ha JS, Yun J, Baek SH, Kwon SM. Engineered M13 Peptide Carrier Promotes Angiogenic Potential of Patient-Derived Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells and In Vivo Engraftment. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:323-333. [PMID: 32227286 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite promising advances in stem cell-based therapy, the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases remains a big challenge due to both the insufficient in vivo viability of transplanted cells and poor angiogenic potential of stem cells. The goal of this study was to develop therapeutic human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) for ischemic cardiovascular diseases with a novel M13 peptide carrier. METHOD In this study, an engineered M13 peptide carrier was successfully generated using a QuikChange Kit. The cellular function of M13 peptide carrier-treated hCPCs was assessed using a tube formation assay and scratch wound healing assay. The in vivo engraftment and cell survival bioactivities of transplanted cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry after hCPC transplantation into a myocardial infarction animal model. RESULTS The engineered M13RGD+SDKP peptide carrier, which expressed RGD peptide on PIII site and SDKP peptide on PVIII site, did not affect morphologic change and proliferation ability in hCPCs. In contrast, hCPCs treated with M13RGD+SDKP showed enhanced angiogenic capacity, including tube formation and migration capacity. Moreover, transplanted hCPCs with M13RGD+SDKP were engrafted into the ischemic region and promoted in vivo cell survival. CONCLUSION Our present data provides a promising protocol for CPC-based cell therapy via short-term cell priming of hCPCs with engineered M13RGD+SDKP before cell transplantation for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lim
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Truong Giang Ly
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth Kumar Rethineswaran
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Ha
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, 505, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Nie WB, Zhang D, Wang LS. Growth Factor Gene-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1241-1256. [PMID: 32273686 PMCID: PMC7105364 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s243944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There have been marked changes in the field of stem cell therapeutics in recent years, with many clinical trials having been conducted to date in an effort to treat myriad diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the cell type most frequently utilized in stem cell therapeutic and tissue regenerative strategies, and have been used with excellent safety to date. Unfortunately, these MSCs have limited ability to engraft and survive, reducing their clinical utility. MSCs are able to secrete growth factors that can support the regeneration of tissues, and engineering MSCs to express such growth factors can improve their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and tissue reconstructing abilities. As such, it is likely that such genetically modified MSCs may represent the next stage of regenerative therapy. Indeed, increasing volumes of preclinical research suggests that such modified MSCs expressing growth factors can effectively treat many forms of tissue damage. In the present review, we survey recent approaches to producing and utilizing growth factor gene-modified MSCs in the context of tissue repair and discuss its prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Nie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Lou X, Zhao M, Fan C, Fast VG, Valarmathi MT, Zhu W, Zhang J. N-cadherin overexpression enhances the reparative potency of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes in infarcted mouse hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:671-685. [PMID: 31350544 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In regenerative medicine, cellular cardiomyoplasty is one of the promising options for treating myocardial infarction (MI); however, the efficacy of such treatment has shown to be limited due to poor survival and/or functional integration of implanted cells. Within the heart, the adhesion between cardiac myocytes (CMs) is mediated by N-cadherin (CDH2) and is critical for the heart to function as an electromechanical syncytium. In this study, we have investigated whether the reparative potency of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can be enhanced through CDH2 overexpression. METHODS AND RESULTS CDH2-hiPSC-CMs and control wild-type (WT)-hiPSC-CMs were cultured in myogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. Using a mouse MI model, the cell survival/engraftment rate, infarct size, and cardiac functions were evaluated post-MI, at Day 7 or Day 28. In vitro, conduction velocities were significantly greater in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs than in WT-hiPSC-CMs. While, in vivo, measurements of cardiac functions: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, reduction in infarct size, and the cell engraftment rate were significantly higher in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group than in WT-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group. Mechanistically, paracrine activation of ERK signal transduction pathway by CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, significantly induced neo-vasculogenesis, resulting in a higher survival of implanted cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that CDH2 overexpression enhances not only the survival/engraftment of cultured CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, but also the functional integration of these cells, consequently, the augmentation of the reparative properties of implanted CDH2-hiPSC-CMs in the failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mani T Valarmathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G094J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Constantinides C. Is There Preclinical and Clinical Value for 19F MRI in Stem Cell Cardiac Regeneration? Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720954434. [PMID: 33000632 PMCID: PMC7784514 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720954434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular regeneration aims to renew damaged or necrotic tissue and to enhance cardiac functional performance. Despite the hope arisen from the introduction and use of stem cells (SCs) as a novel cardiac regenerative approach, to-this-date, clinical trial findings are still ambivalent despite preclinical successes. Concurrently, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) advances have been based on nanotechnological breakthroughs that have (a) allowed fluorinated nanoparticles and ultrasmall iron oxide single-cell labeling, (b) explored imaging detection sensitivity limits (for preclinical/low-field clinical settings), and (c) accomplished cellular tracking in vivo. Nevertheless, outcomes have been far from ideal. Herein, the recently developed preclinical and clinical 1H and 19F MRI approaches for direct cardiac SC labeling techniques intended for cellular implantation and their potential for tracking these cells in health and infarcted states are summarized. To this extent, the potential preclinical and clinical values of 19F MRI and tracking of SCs for cardiac regeneration in myocardial infarction are questioned and challenged.
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Das Ghosh L, Hasan J, Jain A, Sundaresan NR, Chatterjee K. A nanopillar array on black titanium prepared by reactive ion etching augments cardiomyogenic commitment of stem cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20766-20776. [PMID: 31651003 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03424b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A major impediment in the clinical translation of stem cell therapy has been the inability to efficiently and reproducibly direct differentiation of a large population of stem cells. Thus, we aimed to engineer a substrate for culturing stem cells to efficiently induce cardiomyogenic lineage commitment. In this work, we present a nanopillar array on the surface of titanium that was prepared by mask-less reactive ion etching. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface was covered by vertically aligned nanopillars each of ≈1 μm with a diameter of ≈80 nm. The nanopillars supported the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cardiomyogenic lineage commitment of the stem cells was more enhanced on the nanopillars than on the smooth surface. When co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the cyclic pattern of calcium transport observed distinctly in cells differentiated on the arrays compared to the cells cultured on the smooth surface was the functional validation of differentiation. The use of small molecule inhibitors revealed that integrins namely, α2β1 and αvβ3, are essential for cardiomyogenesis on the nanostructured surface, which is further mediated by FAK, Erk and Akt cell signaling pathways. This study demonstrates that the nanopillar array efficiently promotes the cardiomyogenic lineage commitment of stem cells via integrin-mediated signaling and can potentially serve as a platform for the ex vivo differentiation of stem cells toward cell therapy in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Das Ghosh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Jafar Hasan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. and Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. and Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Banerjee MN, Bolli R, Hare JM. Clinical Studies of Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Medicine: Recent Developments and Future Directions. Circ Res 2019; 123:266-287. [PMID: 29976692 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and the limited therapeutic options for severe heart failure, novel technologies that harness the regenerative capacity of the heart are sorely needed. The therapeutic use of stem cells has the potential to reverse myocardial injury and improve cardiac function, in contrast to most current medical therapies that only mitigate heart failure symptoms. Nearly 2 decades and >200 trials for cardiovascular disease have revealed that most cell types are safe; however, their efficacy remains controversial, limiting the transition of this therapy from investigation to practice. Lessons learned from these initial studies are driving the design of new clinical trials; higher fidelity of cell isolation techniques, standardization of conditions, more consistent use of state of the art measurement techniques, and assessment of multiple end points to garner insights into the efficacy of stem cells. Translation to clinical trials has almost outpaced our mechanistic understanding, and individual patient factors likely play a large role in stem cell efficacy. Therefore, careful analysis of dosing, delivery methods, and the ideal patient populations is necessary to translate cell therapy from research to practice. We are at a pivotal stage in the field in which information from many relatively small clinical trials must guide carefully executed efficacy trials. Larger efficacy trials are being launched to answer questions about older, first-generation stem cell therapeutics, while novel, second-generation products are being introduced into the clinical realm. This review critically examines the current state of clinical research on cell-based therapies for cardiovascular disease, highlighting the controversies in the field, improvements in clinical trial design, and the application of exciting new cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha N Banerjee
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (M.N.B., J.M.H.).,Department of Surgery (M.N.B)
| | - Roberto Bolli
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY (R.B.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (M.N.B., J.M.H.) .,Department of Medicine (J.M.H.)
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Li C, Chang Y, Jia Y, Guo Z. A new structure from cardiac cells cultured in vitro: Cardiomyocyte-annulation of neonatal rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18533-18543. [PMID: 31245874 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To explore the formation, morphological characteristics, cell composition, and differentiation potential of cardiomyocyte annulation (cardio-annulation) during in vitro culture of cardiac cells. Cardiac cells were isolated and cultured. A live-cell imaging system was used to observe cardio-annulation. Cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and vimentin were labeled with double immunofluorescence staining, and coexpressions of cTnT and connexin43 (Cx43), cTnT and nanog, c-kit and nanog, and c-kit and stem cell antigen (sca-1) were detected. The location of various types of cells within the cardio-annulation structure was observed. Adipogenic- and osteogenic-inducing fluids were used separately for in situ induction to detect the multidirectional differentiation potential of cells during the annulation process. After 3 to 6 days, cardiac cells migrated and formed an open or closed annulus with a diameter of 800 to 3500 μm. The annulus wall comprised the medial, middle, and lateral regions. The cells in the medial region were small, abundant, and laminated, while those in the middle region were larger with fewer layers, and those in the lateral region were less abundant, and loosely arranged in a single layer. Cardiomyocytes were distributed mainly on the surface of the medial region; nanog+ , c-kit+ , and sca-1+ cells were located mainly at the bottom of the annulus wall and fibroblasts were located mainly between these layers. The annulus cavity contained a large number of small, round cells, and telocytes. Cx43 was expressed in all cell types, and nanog, c-kit, and sca-1 were coexpressed in the cardio-annulation cells, which possess adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Cardio-annulation was discovered during an in vitro culture of cardiac cells. The structure contains cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, telocytes, and abundant stem cells. These results provide insight into the relationship among cardiac cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cixia Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuqiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Saleh FA. Knowledge and Attitude Among Lebanese Pregnant Women Toward Cord Blood Stem Cell Storage and Donation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E244. [PMID: 31167466 PMCID: PMC6630680 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) used to be considered waste material and was discarded at birth. However, cord blood is now considered a rich source of adult stem cells that can be used to treat many conditions and diseases. This study was performed to determine pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes toward cord blood stem cell banking and donation in Lebanon. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in antenatal clinics in Beirut and data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to pregnant women after provision of informed consent. A total of 244 women responded. Results: Less than half of the women (46%) reported knowledge about cord blood banking. However, participants with university and secondary education had significantly higher odds of considering UCB storage compared to those with primary education (odds ratio (OR) 8.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74-27.15 and OR 21.23,95% CI 6.55-68.86, respectively). Older pregnant women were less likely to think about UCB stem cells storage (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.98). Conclusion: Respondents who had an existing knowledge about UCB stem cells banking in general were more likely to consider storing UCB in blood banks if affordable (45.9%). Therefore, it is necessary to inform pregnant women about stem cell banking so that they can make the appropriate decisions for themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Saleh
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon.
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Lamichane S, Baek SH, Kim YJ, Park JH, Dahal Lamichane B, Jang WB, Ji S, Lee NK, Dehua L, Kim DY, Kang S, Seong HJ, Yun J, Lee DH, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kwon SM. MHY2233 Attenuates Replicative Cellular Senescence in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells via SIRT1 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6492029. [PMID: 31223423 PMCID: PMC6556284 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6492029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide. Due to the prevalence of many side effects and incomplete recovery from pharmacotherapies, stem cell therapy is being targeted for the treatment of CVDs. Among the different types of stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have great potential. However, cellular replicative senescence decreases the proliferation, migration, and overall function of EPCs. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been mainly studied in the mammalian aging process. MHY2233 is a potent synthetic SIRT1 activator and a novel antiaging compound. We found that MHY2233 increased the expression of SIRT1, and its deacetylase activity thereby decreased expression of the cellular senescence biomarkers, p53, p16, and p21. In addition, MHY2233 decreased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase- (SA-β-gal-) positive cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), such as the secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-1α, and IL-1β. MHY2233 treatment protected senescent EPCs from oxidative stress by decreasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thus enhancing cell survival and function. The angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of senescent EPCs were enhanced by MHY2233 treatment. Thus, MHY2233 reduces replicative and oxidative stress-induced senescence in EPCs. Therefore, this novel antiaging compound MHY2233 might be considered a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of age-associated CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekrishna Lamichane
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Babita Dahal Lamichane
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungTaek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Dehua
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Jong Seong
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Najafipour H, Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Eslaminejad T, Mollaei HR. The effect of sodium valproate on differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells in two-dimensional culture and fibrin scaffold conditions. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:127-141. [PMID: 31049685 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes is a complex phenomenon, and attempts to find an effective inducing agent are still ongoing. We studied the effect of fibrin scaffold and sodium valproate (VPA, as a histone deacetylase inhibitor) on the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells. The cells were cultured in culture flask (2D) and in fibrin scaffold (3D), fabricated of human plasma fibrinogen, with and without VPA (1 mM). QRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunochemistry assays were used to evaluate the expression of cardiac markers at gene and protein levels. High levels of CD44, CD90, CD73, and CD105 were expressed on the surface of hADSCs. Treated encapsulated hADSCs (3D) presented significantly higher mRNA expression of HAND1 (1.54-fold), HAND2 (1.59-fold), cTnI (1.76-fold), MLC2v (1.4-fold), Cx43 (1.38-fold), βMHC (1.34-fold), GATA4 (1.48-fold), and NKX2.5 (1.66-fold) in comparison to 2D conditions at four weeks after induction. The protein expressions of NKX2.5 (0.78 vs 0.65), cTnI (1.04 vs 0.81), and Cx43 (1.11 vs 1.08) were observed in the differentiated cells both in 3D and 2D groups, while control cells were absolutely negative for these proteins. The frequency of cTnI and Cx43-positive cells was significantly higher in 3D (24.2 ± 15 and 12 ± 3%) than 2D conditions (19.8 ± 3 and 10 ± 2%). Overall, the results showed that VPA can increase cardiomyogenesis in hADSCs and that fibrin scaffold enhances the inductive effect of VPA. Results of this study may improve cell-based protocols for implementation of more successful cardiac repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences and Department of Physiology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Touba Eslaminejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mollaei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, and Physiology Research Center, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Liu Y, Niu R, Li W, Lin J, Stamm C, Steinhoff G, Ma N. Therapeutic potential of menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells in cardiac diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1681-1695. [PMID: 30721319 PMCID: PMC11105669 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant developments in medical and surgical strategies, cardiac diseases remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous studies involving preclinical and clinical trials have confirmed that stem cell transplantation can help improve cardiac function and regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, and stem cells isolated from bone marrow, heart tissue, adipose tissue and umbilical cord are the primary candidates for transplantation. During the past decade, menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) have gradually become a promising alternative for stem cell-based therapy due to their comprehensive advantages, which include their ability to be periodically and non-invasively collected, their abundant source material, their ability to be regularly donated, their superior proliferative capacity and their ability to be used for autologous transplantation. MenSCs have shown positive therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, aside from a brief introduction of the biological characteristics of MenSCs, this review focuses on the progress being made in evaluating the functional improvement of damaged cardiac tissue after MenSC transplantation through preclinical and clinical studies. Based on published reports, we conclude that the paracrine effect, transdifferentiation and immunomodulation by MenSC promote both regeneration of damaged myocardium and improvement of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongcheng Niu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Christof Stamm
- Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Rostock, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University Rostock, 18055, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513, Teltow, Germany
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Shabani P, Ghazizadeh Z, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Molazem M, Rajabi S, Vahdat S, Azizi Y, Doosti M, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids and ascorbic acid improve regenerative capacity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac lineage cells. Biofactors 2019; 45:427-438. [PMID: 30907984 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the major issues in cell therapy of myocardial infarction (MI) is early death of engrafted cells in a harsh oxidative stress environment, which limits the potential therapeutic utility of this strategy in the clinical setting. Increasing evidence implicates beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in cardiovascular diseases, in particular their role in ameliorating fibrosis. In the current study, we aim to assess the cytoprotective role of EPA + DHA and AA in protecting embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cardiac lineage cells and amelioration of fibrosis. Herein, we have shown that preincubation of the cells with EPA + DHA + AA prior to H2 O2 treatment attenuated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced cell viability. Gene expression analysis revealed that preincubation with EPA + DHA + AA followed by H2 O2 treatment, upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) along with cardiac markers (GATA4, myosin heavy chain, α isoform [MYH6]), connexin 43 [CX43]) and attenuated oxidative stress-induced upregulation of fibroblast markers (vimentin and collagen type 1 [Col1]). Alterations in gene expression patterns were followed by marked elevation of cardiac troponin (TNNT2) positive cells and reduced numbers of vimentin positive cells. An injection of EPA + DHA + AA-pretreated ESC-derived cardiac lineage cells into the ischemic myocardium of a rat model of MI significantly reduced fibrosis compared to the vehicle group. This study provided evidence that EPA + DHA + AA may be an appropriate preincubation regimen for regenerative purposes. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):427-438, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shabani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Para Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Molazem
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Doosti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Cheng XX, Yang QY, Qi YL, Liu ZZ, Liu D, He S, Yang LH, Xie J. Apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by Rspo1 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:53-63. [PMID: 30993264 PMCID: PMC6450805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of roof plate-specific spondin1 (Rspo1) in the apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was identified by Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining, respectively. BMSC surface markers (cluster of differentiation 29 [CD29], CD90, and CD45) were detected using flow cytometry. BMSCs were transfected with an adenoviral vector encoding Rspo1 (BMSCs-Rspo1 group). The expression levels of Rspo1 gene and Rspo1 protein in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group and the two control groups (untransfected BMSCs group and BMSCs-green fluorescent protein [GFP] group) were analyzed and compared by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The occurrence of apoptosis in the three groups was detected by flow cytometry and acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) double dyeing. The activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of the key proteins of the pathway (β-catenin, c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK], and phospho-JNK). Results Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was confirmed in cultured BMSCs by the positive expression of CD29 and CD90 and the negative expression of CD45. Significantly increased expression levels of Rspo1 protein in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group compared to those in the BMSCs (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02; t=95.007, P=0.001) and BMSCs-GFP groups (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.10 ± 0.02; t=104.842, P=0.001) were observed. The apoptotic rate was significantly lower in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group compared with those in the BMSCs group ([24.06 ± 2.37]% vs. [40.87 ± 2.82]%; t = 49.872, P = 0.002) and the BMSCs-GFP group ([24.06 ± 2.37]% vs. [42.34 ± 0.26]%; t = 62.358, P = 0.001). In addition, compared to the BMSCs group, the protein expression levels of β-catenin (2.67 ± 0.19 vs. 1.14 ± 0.14; t = −9.217, P = 0.000) and JNK (1.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07; t = −22.289, P = 0.000) were increased in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group. Compared to the BMSCs-GFP group, the protein expression levels of β-catenin (2.67 ± 0.19 vs. 1.44 ± 0.14; t = −5.692, P = 0.000) and JNK (1.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.53 ± 0.06; t = −10.589, P = 0.000) were also upregulated in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group. Moreover, the protein expression levels of phospho-JNK were increased in the BMSCs-Rspo1 group compared to those in the BMSCs group (1.89 ± 0.10 vs. 0.63 ± 0.09; t = −8.975, P = 0.001) and the BMSCs-GFP group (1.89 ± 0.10 vs. 0.69 ± 0.08; t = −9.483, P = 0.001). Conclusion The Wnt/β-catenin pathway could play a vital role in the Rspo1-mediated inhibition of apoptosis in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yong-Li Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.,Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Sheng He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Li-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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Sánchez-Alonso S, Alcaraz-Serna A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Regulation of Tissue Remodeling and Angiogenesis After Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2799. [PMID: 30555478 PMCID: PMC6281951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-related disorders constitute a major health problem, being a leading cause of death in the world. Upon ischemia, tissue remodeling processes come into play, comprising a series of inter-dependent stages, including inflammation, cell proliferation and repair. Neovessel formation during late phases of remodeling provides oxygen supply, together with cellular and soluble components necessary for an efficient myocardial reconstruction. Immune system plays a central role in processes aimed at repairing ischemic myocardium, mainly in inflammatory and angiogenesis phases. In addition to cellular components and soluble mediators as chemokines and cytokines, the immune system acts in a paracrine fashion through small extracellular vesicles (EVs) release. These vesicular structures participate in multiple biological processes, and transmit information through bioactive cargoes from one cell to another. Cell therapy has been employed in an attempt to improve the outcome of these patients, through the promotion of tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. However, clinical trials have shown variable results, which put into question the actual applicability of cell-based therapies. Paracrine factors secreted by engrafted cells partially mediate tissue repair, and this knowledge has led to the hypothesis that small EVs may become a useful tool for cell-free myocardial infarction therapy. Current small EVs engineering strategies allow delivery of specific content to selected cell types, thus revealing the singular properties of these vesicles for myocardial ischemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Sánchez-Alonso
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alcaraz-Serna
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
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