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Ye D, Liu Q, Zhang C, Dai E, Fan J, Wu L. Relationship between immune cells and the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112381. [PMID: 38865754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A major cause of death for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) is the advent of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which has long plagued the long-term post-transplant prognosis and quality of survival of transplant patients. The intricacy of its pathophysiology and the irreversibility of its illness process present major obstacles to the clinical availability of medications. Immunotherapeutic medications are available, but they only aim to slow down the course of CLAD rather than having any therapeutic impact on the disease's development. For this reason, understanding the pathophysiology of CLAD is essential for both disease prevention and proven treatment. The immunological response in particular, in relation to chronic lung allograft dysfunction, has received a great deal of interest recently. Innate immune cells like natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear macrophages, as well as adaptive immunity cells like T and B cells, play crucial roles in this process through the release of chemokines and cytokines. The present review delves into changes and processes within the immune microenvironment, with a particular focus on the quantity, subtype, and characteristics of effector immune cells in the peripheral and transplanted lungs after lung transplantation. We incorporate and solidify the documented role of immune cells in the occurrence and development of CLAD with the advancements in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enci Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Jahanbani F, Sing JC, Maynard RD, Jahanbani S, Dafoe J, Dafoe W, Jones N, Wallace KJ, Rastan A, Maecker HT, Röst HL, Snyder MP, Davis RW. Longitudinal cytokine and multi-modal health data of an extremely severe ME/CFS patient with HSD reveals insights into immunopathology, and disease severity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369295. [PMID: 38650940 PMCID: PMC11033372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) presents substantial challenges in patient care due to its intricate multisystem nature, comorbidities, and global prevalence. The heterogeneity among patient populations, coupled with the absence of FDA-approved diagnostics and therapeutics, further complicates research into disease etiology and patient managment. Integrating longitudinal multi-omics data with clinical, health,textual, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical data offers a promising avenue to address these complexities, aiding in the identification of underlying causes and providing insights into effective therapeutics and diagnostic strategies. Methods This study focused on an exceptionally severe ME/CFS patient with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) during a period of marginal symptom improvements. Longitudinal cytokine profiling was conducted alongside the collection of extensive multi-modal health data to explore the dynamic nature of symptoms, severity, triggers, and modifying factors. Additionally, an updated severity assessment platform and two applications, ME-CFSTrackerApp and LexiTime, were introduced to facilitate real-time symptom tracking and enhance patient-physician/researcher communication, and evaluate response to medical intervention. Results Longitudinal cytokine profiling revealed the significance of Th2-type cytokines and highlighted synergistic activities between mast cells and eosinophils, skewing Th1 toward Th2 immune responses in ME/CFS pathogenesis, particularly in cognitive impairment and sensorial intolerance. This suggests a potentially shared underlying mechanism with major ME/CFS comorbidities such as HSD, Mast cell activation syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and small fiber neuropathy. Additionally, the data identified potential roles of BCL6 and TP53 pathways in ME/CFS etiology and emphasized the importance of investigating adverse reactions to medication and supplements and drug interactions in ME/CFS severity and progression. Discussion Our study advocates for the integration of longitudinal multi-omics with multi-modal health data and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to better understand ME/CFS and its major comorbidities. These findings highlight the significance of dysregulated Th2-type cytokines in patient stratification and precision medicine strategies. Additionally, our results suggest exploring the use of low-dose drugs with partial agonist activity as a potential avenue for ME/CFS treatment. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the importance of adopting a patient-centered care approach to improve ME/CFS healthcare management, disease severity assessment, and personalized medicine. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of ME/CFS and offer avenues for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Justin Cyril Sing
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajan Douglas Maynard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Janet Dafoe
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Whitney Dafoe
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Jones
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kelvin J. Wallace
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Azuravesta Rastan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hannes L. Röst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tajik T, Sarmadi S, Bitaraf A, Sourani Z, Shahverdi M, Javadi H, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Communication between Mast Cells and Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Skin. Cells 2024; 13:462. [PMID: 38474426 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is a dynamic organ with a complex immune network critical for maintaining balance and defending against various pathogens. Different types of cells in the skin, such as mast cells (MCs) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), contribute to immune regulation and play essential roles in the early immune response to various triggers, including allergens. It is beneficial to dissect cell-to-cell interactions in the skin to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin immunity. The current manuscript concentrates explicitly on the communication pathways between MCs and ILC2s in the skin, highlighting their ability to regulate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Furthermore, it discusses how the interactions between MCs and ILC2s play a crucial role in various skin conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, dermatological disorders, and allergic reactions. Understanding the complex interactions between MCs and ILC2s in different skin conditions is crucial to developing targeted treatments for related disorders. The discovery of shared pathways could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions to restore immunological balance in diseased skin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14199-63114, Iran
| | - Ali Bitaraf
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Zahra Sourani
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahverdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 88157-13471, Iran
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Julia E Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Song SY, Jung YW, Shin W, Park M, Lee GW, Jeong S, An S, Kim K, Ko YB, Lee KH, Kang BH, Lee M, Yoo HJ. Endometriosis-Related Chronic Pelvic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2868. [PMID: 37893241 PMCID: PMC10603876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, which is the presence of endometrial stroma and glands outside the uterus, is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecologic diseases in reproductive women. Patients with endometriosis suffer from various pain symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain. The pathophysiology for chronic pain in patients with endometriosis has not been fully understood. Altered inflammatory responses have been shown to contribute to pain symptoms. Increased secretion of cytokines, angiogenic factors, and nerve growth factors has been suggested to increase pain. Also, altered distribution of nerve fibers may also contribute to chronic pain. Aside from local contributing factors, sensitization of the nervous system is also important in understanding persistent pain in endometriosis. Peripheral sensitization as well as central sensitization have been identified in patients with endometriosis. These sensitizations of the nervous system can also explain increased incidence of comorbidities related to pain such as irritable bowel disease, bladder pain syndrome, and vulvodynia in patients with endometriosis. In conclusion, there are various possible mechanisms behind pain in patients with endometriosis, and understanding these mechanisms can help clinicians understand the nature of the pain symptoms and decide on treatments for endometriosis-related pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Youn Song
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7 ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.W.J.); (W.S.)
| | - Ye Won Jung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7 ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.W.J.); (W.S.)
| | - WonKyo Shin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7 ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.W.J.); (W.S.)
| | - Mia Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Geon Woo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Soohwa Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Sukjeong An
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Kyoungmin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Young Bok Ko
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Byung Hun Kang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Mina Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 33, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 2868, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (G.W.L.); (S.J.); (S.A.); (K.K.); (Y.B.K.); (K.H.L.); (B.H.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Heon Jong Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7 ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.W.J.); (W.S.)
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Li X, Wu J, Zhu S, Wei Q, Wang L, Chen J. Intragraft immune cells: accomplices or antagonists of recipient-derived macrophages in allograft fibrosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:195. [PMID: 37395809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis caused by chronic allograft rejection is a major concern in the field of transplantation. Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition plays a critical role in chronic allograft fibrosis. Adaptive immune cells (such as B and CD4+ T cells) and innate immune cells (such as neutrophils and innate lymphoid cells) participate in the occurrence of recipient-derived macrophages transformed to myofibroblasts by secreting cytokines, which eventually leads to fibrosis of the transplanted organ. This review provides an update on the latest progress in understanding the plasticity of recipient-derived macrophages in chronic allograft rejection. We discuss here the immune mechanisms of allograft fibrosis and review the reaction of immune cells in allograft. The interactions between immune cells and the process of myofibroblast formulation are being considered for the potential therapeutic targets of chronic allograft fibrosis. Therefore, research on this topic seems to provide novel clues for developing strategies for preventing and treating allograft fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China.
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Jin J, Sunusi S, Lu H. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important in typical type 2 immune-mediated diseases and an essential therapeutic target. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211053156. [PMID: 35048721 PMCID: PMC8796086 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases, such as asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD), has been significantly increasing over the years because of environmental changes. Type 2 immunity is mediated by allergic inflammation initiated by an innate immune response. This response is orchestrated by type 2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) together with other cells. The dendritic cell [DC]-T helper 2 (Th2) cell axis is the conventional type 2 immune pathway, and is currently known as the group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-DC-Th2 axis that mediates type 2 inflammation. ILC2s strongly mediate type 2 inflammation in allergic diseases. ILC2s are activated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, such as IL-25 and IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Additionally, ILC2s are activated by mast cell lipid inflammatory mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2. ILC2s produce a large amount of type 2 cytokines. The important role of ILC2s in the pathogenesis of type 2-mediated disease has resulted in ILC2-derived cytokines being a target for therapeutic development. In this review, we discuss type 2 immunity, mainly the ILC2-DC-Th2 axis, and other immune cells, the dominant role of ILC2s in asthma, AR, and AD, and therapeutic targets against type 2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sadik Sunusi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Silva RCMC, Panis C, Pires BRB. Lessons from transmissible cancers for immunotherapy and transplant. Immunol Med 2021; 45:146-161. [PMID: 34962854 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.2018783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of horizontal transmission of cancer between vertebrates is an issue that interests scientists and medical society. Transmission requires: (i) a mechanism by which cancer cells can transfer to another organism and (ii) a repressed immune response on the part of the recipient. Transmissible tumors are unique models to comprehend the responses and mechanisms mediated by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which can be transposed for transplant biology. Here, we discuss the mechanisms involved in immune-mediated tissue rejection, making a parallel with transmissible cancers. We also discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cancer immunotherapy and anti-rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoreceptors and Signaling, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
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Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Gil-Martínez M, Sastre B, del Pozo V. Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137075. [PMID: 34209213 PMCID: PMC8269185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are complex granulocytes with the capacity to react upon diverse stimuli due to their numerous and variable surface receptors, which allows them to respond in very different manners. Traditionally believed to be only part of parasitic and allergic/asthmatic immune responses, as scientific studies arise, the paradigm about these cells is continuously changing, adding layers of complexity to their roles in homeostasis and disease. Developing principally in the bone marrow by the action of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, eosinophils migrate from the blood to very different organs, performing multiple functions in tissue homeostasis as in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus, mammary glands, liver, and skeletal muscle. In organs such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils are able to act as immune regulatory cells and also to perform direct actions against parasites, and bacteria, where novel mechanisms of immune defense as extracellular DNA traps are key factors. Besides, eosinophils, are of importance in an effective response against viral pathogens by their nuclease enzymatic activity and have been lately described as involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 immunity. The pleiotropic role of eosinophils is sustained because eosinophils can be also detrimental to human physiology, for example, in diseases like allergies, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, where exosomes can be significant pathophysiologic units. These eosinophilic pathologies, require specific treatments by eosinophils control, such as new monoclonal antibodies like mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this review, we describe the roles of eosinophils as effectors and regulatory cells and their involvement in pathological disorders and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (V.d.P.)
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Müller C, Rosmark O, Åhrman E, Brunnström H, Wassilew K, Nybom A, Michaliková B, Larsson H, Eriksson LT, Schultz HH, Perch M, Malmström J, Wigén J, Iversen M, Westergren-Thorsson G. Protein Signatures of Remodeled Airways in Transplanted Lungs with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Obtained Using Laser-Capture Microdissection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1398-1411. [PMID: 34111430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a common form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, is the major limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation. The histologic correlate is progressive, fibrotic occlusion of small airways, obliterative bronchiolitis lesions, which ultimately lead to organ failure. The molecular composition of these lesions is unknown. In this sutdy, the protein composition of the lesions in explanted lungs from four end-stage bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients was analyzed using laser-capture microdissection and optimized sample preparation protocols for mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the spatial distribution of commonly identified proteins on the tissue level, and protein signatures for 14 obliterative bronchiolitis lesions were established. A set of 39 proteins, identified in >75% of lesions, included distinct structural proteins (collagen types IV and VI) and cellular components (actins, vimentin, and tryptase). Each respective lesion exhibited a unique composition of proteins (on average, n = 66 proteins), thereby mirroring the morphologic variation of the lesions. Antibody-based staining confirmed these mass spectrometry-based findings. The 14 analyzed obliterative bronchiolitis lesions showed variations in their protein content, but also common features. This study provides molecular and morphologic insights into the development of chronic rejection after lung transplantation. The protein patterns in the lesions were correlated to pathways of extracellular matrix organization, tissue development, and wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Müller
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Åhrman
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Wassilew
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annika Nybom
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbora Michaliková
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hillevi Larsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif T Eriksson
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans H Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Wigén
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Ghosh S, Das S, Mondal R, Abdullah S, Sultana S, Singh S, Sehgal A, Behl T. A review on the effect of COVID-19 in type 2 asthma and its management. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107309. [PMID: 33385710 PMCID: PMC7772091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is considered the most critical health pandemic of 21st century. Due to extremely high transmission rate, people are more susceptible to viral infection. COVID-19 patients having chronic type-2 asthma prevails a major risk as it may aggravate the disease and morbidities. Objective The present review mainly focuses on correlating the influence of COVID-19 in type-2 asthmatic patients. Besides, it delineates the treatment measures and drugs that can be used to manage mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of COVID-19 in asthmatic patients, thus preventing any exacerbation. Methods An in-depth research was carried out from different peer-reviewed articles till September 2020 from several renowned databases like PubMed, Frontier, MEDLINE, and related websites like WHO, CDC, MOHFW, and the information was analysed and written in a simplified manner. Results The progressive results were quite conflicting as severe cases of COVID-19 shows an increase in the level of several cytokines that can augment inflammation to the bronchial tracts, worsening the asthma attacks. Contradicting to this, certain findings reveal the decrease in the severity of COVID-19 due to the elevation of T-cells in type-2 asthmatic patients, as prominent reduction of T-cell is seen in most of the COVID-19 positive patients. This helps to counteract the balance of immune responses and hence ameliorate the disease progression. Conclusion Asthmatic patients must remain cautious during the COVID-19 pandemic by maintaining all the precautions to stay safe due to limited research data. Future strategies should include a better understanding of asthmatic exacerbation and its relation to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Ghosh
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rupsa Mondal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Salik Abdullah
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Sodepur, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India.
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11
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Komi DEA, Mortaz E, Amani S, Tiotiu A, Folkerts G, Adcock IM. The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:377-387. [PMID: 32086776 PMCID: PMC7244458 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are granular cells of the innate immune system which develop from CD34+/CD117+ progenitors and play a role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. They have a well-known role in allergic reactions following immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated activation of the cell-surface expressed IgE high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). MCs can also respond to various other stimuli due to the expression of a variety of receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), immunoglobulin (IgG) receptors (FcγR), complement receptors such as C5a (CD88) expressed by skin MCs, neuropeptides receptors including nerve growth factor receptor, (NGFR), cytokines receptors such as (IL)-1R and IL-3R, and chemokines receptors including CCR-1 and CCR-3. MCs release three groups of mediators upon degranulation differentiated according to their chemical composition, storage, and time to release. These include preformed mediators (mainly histamine, tryptase, and chymase), de novo synthesized mediators such as prostaglandin (PG)D2, leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTD4, and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β. Emerging evidence indicates a role for IgE-independent MC activation in the late-stage asthmatic response as well as in non-allergic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. MC infiltration/activation has been reported in some, but not all, studies of lung cancer. MC-derived TNF-α possesses tumor-suppressive activity while IL-1β supports tumor progression and metastasis. In IPF lungs, an increase in density of tryptase- and chymase-positive MCs (MCTC) and overexpression of TGF-β support the fibrosis progression. MC-derived chymase activates latent TGF-β that induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to matrix-producing myofibroblasts. In summary, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of MCs in non-allergic diseases that may indicate new approaches for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saeede Amani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelica Tiotiu
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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12
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Natsume C, Aoki N, Aoyama T, Senda K, Matsui M, Ikegami A, Tanaka K, Azuma YT, Fujita T. Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms by Regulating Keratinocytes and Regulatory Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062180. [PMID: 32235696 PMCID: PMC7139773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a xanthophyll that is contained abundantly in marine plants. The biological action of FX includes its antioxidant and anti-lipogenic activities, while the precise action of its mechanisms on skin cells has not yet been clarified. The current study examined the effect of FX in comparison with tacrolimus (TAC) on NC/Nga mice, which are an atopic dermatitis (AD) model. FX topical treatment dramatically ameliorated itching behavior over the TAC treatment, which was insufficient for improvement of AD symptoms. In Nc/Nga mice, FX or TAC applied to the skin inhibited eosinophil infiltration with decreased expression of Il-33. FX also stimulated Il-2, Il-5, Il-13, Il-10, and TGF-β expression levels, and Sca1+Il-10+TGF-β+ regulatory innate lymphoid cells (ILCreg) were dominantly observed in FX treated skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal layers. This combined evidence demonstrated that FX exerts anti-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes and ameliorates AD symptoms by regulating ILCreg to normalize immune responses in an atopic dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Natsume
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Nao Aoki
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Keisuke Senda
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Mio Matsui
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Airi Ikegami
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Molecular Toxicology Lab., Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan; (C.N.); (N.A.); (T.A.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (A.I.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-77-561-2848
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13
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Wei Y, Liang Y, Lin H, Dai Y, Yao S. Autonomic nervous system and inflammation interaction in endometriosis-associated pain. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:80. [PMID: 32145751 PMCID: PMC7060607 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pain is the most common symptom in endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pain is caused by inflammation, and is related to aberrant innervation. Although the specific mechanism between endometriosis-associated pain and the interaction of aberrant innervation and inflammation remains unclear, many studies have confirmed certain correlations between them. In addition, we found that some chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (AIDs) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share similar characteristics: the changes in dysregulation of inflammatory factors as well as the function and innervation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The mechanisms underlying the interaction between the ANS and inflammation have provided new advances among these disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compare the changes in inflammation and ANS in endometriosis, IBD, and RA; and to explore the role and possible mechanism of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in endometriosis-associated inflammation by referring to IBD and RA studies to provide some reference for further endometriosis research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haishan Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510089, China
| | - Yujing Dai
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510089, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Aller MA, Arias N, Blanco-Rivero J, Arias J. Metabolism in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: The Solution More than the Problem. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:271-284. [PMID: 31593852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory liver disease with an acute deterioration of liver function is named acute-on-chronic inflammation and could be regulated by the metabolic impairments related to the liver dysfunction. In this way, the experimental cholestasis model is excellent for studying metabolism in both types of inflammatory responses. Along the evolution of this model, the rats develop biliary fibrosis and an acute-on-chronic decompensation. The acute decompensation of the liver disease is associated with encephalopathy, ascites, acute renal failure, an acute phase response and a splanchnic increase of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This multiorgan inflammatory dysfunction is mainly associated with a splanchnic and systemic metabolic switch with dedifferentiation of the epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial splanchnic barriers. Furthermore, a splanchnic infiltration by mast cells occurs, which suggests that these cells could carry out a compensatory metabolic role, especially through the modulation of hepatic and extrahepatic mitochondrial-peroxisome crosstalk. For this reason, we propose the hypothesis that mastocytosis in the acute-on-chronic hepatic insufficiency could represent the development of a survival metabolic mechanisms that mitigates the noxious effect of the hepatic functional deficit. A better understanding the pathophysiological response of the mast cells in liver insufficiency and portal hypertension would help to find new pathways for decreasing the high morbidity and mortality rate of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; INEUROPA (Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (Ciber) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, España
| | - Jaime Arias
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Huang W, Song Y, Wang L. Wenshen decoction suppresses inflammation in IL-33-induced asthma murine model via inhibiting ILC2 activation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:570. [PMID: 31807551 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Wenshen decoction, consisting of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, Morinda officinalis How and Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, has favorable efficacy in the treatment of asthma in China. Methods The present study investigated the potential immunomodulatory mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of Wenshen decoction on mouse asthma. Results Oral Wenshen decoction could ameliorate the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reduce serum IgE, and improve the airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in the BALB/c mice after intranasal treatment with recombinant IL-33. Moreover, Wenshen decoction reduced ILC2 and RORα mRNA expression, decreased the mRNA expression of ICOS and ST2 in the lung, but significantly increased the production of IFN-γ. Conclusions Our study indicates that Wenshen decoction may inhibit the activation of ILC2 through the IL-33/ST2/ICOS pathway to further suppress airway inflammation and AHR in the asthmatic mice, and the increased IFN-γ might be related to the effects of Wenshen decoction on ILC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Huang
- Department of Respiration, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Speck NE, Probst-Müller E, Haile SR, Benden C, Kohler M, Huber LC, Robinson CA. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokines are of minor value to diagnose complications following lung transplantation. Cytokine 2019; 125:154794. [PMID: 31400641 PMCID: PMC7128992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of acute cellular rejection (ACR) may improve long-term outcome for lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Cytokines have become valuable diagnostic tools in many medical fields. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines is of unknown value to diagnose ACR and distinguish rejection from infection. We hypothesized that distinct cytokine patterns obtained by surveillance bronchoscopies during the first year after transplantation are associated with ACR and microbiologic findings. We retrospectively analyzed data from 319 patients undergoing lung transplantation at University Hospital Zurich from 1998 to 2016. We compared levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α in 747 BAL samples with transbronchial biopsies (TBB) and microbiologic results from surveillance bronchoscopies. We aimed to define reference values that would allow distinction between four specific groups “ACR”, “infection”, “combined ACR and infection” and “no pathologic process”. No definitive pattern was identified. Given the overlap between groups, these four cytokines are not suitable diagnostic markers for ACR or infection after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Speck
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth Probst-Müller
- Clinic of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah R Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Epidemiology, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Benden
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lars C Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, CH-8063 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cécile A Robinson
- Division of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Helfrich S, Mindt BC, Fritz JH, Duerr CU. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Respiratory Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:930. [PMID: 31231357 PMCID: PMC6566538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are suffering from allergic inflammatory airway disorders. These conditions are regarded as a consequence of multiple imbalanced immune events resulting in an inadequate response with the exact underlying mechanisms still being a subject of ongoing research. Several cell populations have been proposed to be involved but it is becoming increasingly evident that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a key role in the initiation and orchestration of respiratory allergic inflammation. ILC2s are important mediators of inflammation but also tissue remodeling by secreting large amounts of signature cytokines within a short time period. Thereby, ILC2s instruct innate but also adaptive immune responses. Here, we will discuss the recent literature on allergic inflammation of the respiratory tract with a focus on ILC2 biology. Furthermore, we will highlight different therapeutic strategies to treat pulmonary allergic inflammation and their potential influence on ILC2 function as well as discuss the perspective of using human ILC2s for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,FOCiS Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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