1
|
Nissanka-Jayasuriya EH, Fenton TR, Rose-Zerilli MJJ. Molecular landscape of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a systematic review. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 62:118-127. [PMID: 38296711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare oral potentially malignant disorder characterised by multifocal origin and unpredictable long-term evolution to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC). Currently no predictive biomarkers are in clinical use. We aimed to explore the genomic profile of PVL. A total of 685 cases in 26 studies were included in this review. Genomic data were presented in 15% of studies and biomarker analysis was reported in 85% of studies. At first clinical presentation, PVL is characterised by a high loss of heterozygosity (LOH), similar to OSCC, and low copy number alterations (CNA). As these progress, more CNAs and mutations in CDKN2A and alterations to ELAVL1 expression are noted, but no TP53 mutations are identified. There is significantly lower LOH at 17p in early PVL compared with OSCC (p = 0.037). Deletions in chromosomal loci 17q12, 5q31.1 and amplifications in 7q11.2, 7q22 are shared between early lesions and OVC. PVL shows CNAs at 11q31. WNT signalling pathway genes (SUZ12, CTTN and FOLR3) are enriched in CN-altered regions. PVL stroma shows significantly lower α-SMA and higher CD34 expression than OVC and OSCC. The exact genomic landscape is currently unclear, and further studies are necessary to unravel this mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eranga H Nissanka-Jayasuriya
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Histopathology, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Trust, Ashford, Kent, UK.
| | - Tim R Fenton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Q, Lu Q, Lei X, Zhao J, Sun W, Huang D, Zhu Q, Xu Q. Relationship between HuR and tumor drug resistance. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5. [PMID: 36947360 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human resistance protein R (HuR), also known as embryonic lethal abnormal visual-like protein (ELAVL1), is an RNA-binding protein widely expressed in vivo that affects the mRNA stability of targeted and is involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that HuR is aberrantly expressed in different human cancers and is an essential factor in poor clinical prognosis. The role of HuR in numerous tumors suggests that it could be a new target for tumor therapy and as a marker for efficacy and prognostic assessment. This review focuses on the relationship between HuR and drug resistance in different tumors and briefly describes the structure, function, and inhibitors of HuR. We summarize the mechanisms by which HuR causes tumor resistance and the molecular targets affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | | | - Jie Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Qing Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis, and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gabanella F, Colizza A, Mottola MC, Francati S, Blaconà G, Petrella C, Barbato C, Greco A, Ralli M, Fiore M, Corbi N, Ferraguti G, Corsi A, Minni A, de Vincentiis M, Passananti C, Di Certo MG. The RNA-Binding Protein SMN as a Novel Player in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021794. [PMID: 36675308 PMCID: PMC9864193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, pharynx, sino-nasal region, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) represents one-third of all head and neck cancers. Dysregulated RNA-related pathways define an important molecular signature in this aggressive carcinoma. The Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein regulates fundamental aspects of the RNA metabolism but, curiously, its role in cancer is virtually unknown. For the first time, here, we focus on the SMN in the cancer context. We conducted a pilot study in a total of 20 patients with LSCC where the SMN was found overexpressed at both the protein and transcript levels. By a cellular model of human laryngeal carcinoma, we demonstrated that the SMN impacts cancer-relevant behaviors and perturbs key players of cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, in LSCC we showed a physical interaction between the SMN and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whose overexpression is an important feature in these tumors. This study proposes the SMN protein as a novel therapeutic target in LSSC and likely in the whole spectrum of HNSCC. Overall, we provide the first analysis of the SMN in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
| | - Andrea Colizza
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mottola
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Francati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Blaconà
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Barbato
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Minni
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.G.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu ZS, Wang WH. Circular RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Recent advances. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1067-1085. [PMID: 35949213 PMCID: PMC9244981 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i6.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have covalently closed loop structures at both ends, exhibiting characteristics dissimilar to those of linear RNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrantly expressed circRNAs play crucial roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by affecting the proliferation, apoptosis and invasive capacity of HCC cells. Certain circRNAs may be used as biomarkers to diagnose and predict the prognosis of HCC. Therefore, circRNAs are expected to become novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. Herein, we briefly review the characteristics and biological functions of circRNAs, focusing on their roles in HCC to provide new insights for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Niu
- Laboratory of Micromorphology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Zhong J, Chen B, Wang W, Xi H, Su X. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) delta promotes the expression of PTX3 and macrophage phagocytosis during A. fumigatus infection. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1225-1234. [PMID: 34939225 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma1121-451rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of pulmonary aspergillosis, it is important to understand the natural defense mechanisms by which the body can kill Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a nonredundant role in resistance to A. fumigatus. Here, we found that the key predicted PTX3 transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (CEBPD), was up-regulated during A. fumigatus conidia infection. Functionally, CEBPD significantly promoted the expression of PTX3 and the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Mechanistically, CEBPD activated the PTX3 by directly binding to the promoter region of the PTX3 gene. We also showed that the RNA-binding protein human antigen R promoted CEBPD expression. These findings provide new insights into the crucial role of CEBPD in the phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia by macrophages and highlight this protein as a potential therapeutic target for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinjin Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Divulging the Critical Role of HuR in Pancreatic Cancer as a Therapeutic Target and a Means to Overcome Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184634. [PMID: 34572861 PMCID: PMC8471481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With pancreatic cancer incidence constantly rising, constituting one of the most lethal type of cancers worldwide, the need for discovering novel therapeutic targets and approaches becomes of the utmost importance. Meanwhile, modern eating habits, hyperadiposity, mutational burden affecting core signaling pathways and the unique tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer tissues intermingle and form a disease that is lethal and hard to treat. The importance of HuR in pancreatic cancer has repeatedly been observed and represents a key molecule in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, creating and obtaining new therapeutic skills against HuR protein could prove to be the answer to pancreatic cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is set to become the most lethal and common type of cancer worldwide. This is partly attributed to the mutational burden that affects core signaling pathways and the crosstalk of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment, but it is also due to modern eating habits. Hyperadiposity along with the constant rise in metabolic syndrome’s incidence contribute to a state of metaflammation that impacts immune cells and causes them to shift towards an immunosuppressive phenotype that, ultimately, allows tumor cells to evade immune control. Unfortunately, among the conventional therapeutic modalities and the novel therapeutic agents introduced, pancreatic cancer still holds one of the lowest response rates to therapy. Human antigen R (HuR), an RNA binding protein (RBP), has been repeatedly found to be implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance through the posttranscriptional binding and regulation of mRNA target genes. Additionally, its overexpression has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes, in terms of tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and metastasis. These properties suggest the prospective role that HuR’s therapeutic targeting can play in facilitating pancreatic neoplasia and could provide the means to overcome chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Umar SM, Patra S, Kashyap A, Dev J R A, Kumar L, Prasad CP. Quercetin Impairs HuR-Driven Progression and Migration of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1497-1510. [PMID: 34278888 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have explored the prognostic value of HuR gene as well as protein in breast cancers. Furthermore, we have also investigated the HuR therapeutic relevance in TNBCs, which is an aggressive breast cancer subtype. Using an online meta-analysis tool, we found that HuR protein overexpression positively correlates with reduced overall survival of TNBC patients (p = 0.028). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TNBC breast cancer cell lines i.e., MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 are good model systems to study HuR protein, as they both exhibit a significant amount of cytoplasmic HuR (active form). Quercetin treatment significantly inhibited the cytoplasmic HuR in both TNBC cell lines. By using specific HuR siRNA, we established that quercetin-mediated inhibition of adhesion and migration of TNBC cells is dependent on HuR. Upon analyzing adhesion proteins i.e., β-catenin and CD44, we found that quercetin mediated effect on TNBC adhesion and migration was through the HuR-β-catenin axis and CD44, independently. Overall, the present results demonstrate that elevated HuR levels are associated with TNBC progression and relapse, and the ability of quercetin to inhibit cytoplasmic HuR protein provides a rationale for using it as an anticancer agent for the treatment of aggressive TNBCs.Supplemental data for this article is available online at at 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952628.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Kashyap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BRA IRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goutas D, Pergaris A, Giaginis C, Theocharis S. HuR as Therapeutic Target in Cancer: What the Future Holds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:56-65. [PMID: 34182901 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210628143430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ELAV-like protein 1, or HuR (human antigen R), is an RNA-binding protein encoded by the ELAVL1 gene in humans. One of its best functions is to stabilize mRNAs in order to regulate gene expression. HuR protein overexpression has undoubtedly been linked to an increased risk of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target candidate in cancer. Novel agents interfering with HuR expression have been tested, both in vitro and in vivo, with promising results. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding the potential agents that could actively act on and inhibit HuR expression. HuR molecule controls the expression of various proto-oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors, representing a major player in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis and constituting an emerging target for cancer therapy. PubMed database was thoroughly searched, and all published articles providing scientific data on molecules that can exhibit antitumorigenic effects via HuR inhibition were included. According to these data, HuR inhibition should be a promising target in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu S, Huang X, Tie X, Cheng Y, Xue X, Fan M. Role and mechanism of action of circular RNA and laryngeal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 223:153460. [PMID: 33971544 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), is the second most common malignant cancer of the head and neck after oral cavity cancer. Laryngeal cancer is associated with huge socio-economic burden worldwide. Studies have widely explored the role of non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. In addition, several studies have explored the mechanism and function of circRNAs. CircRNAs has higher stability and more extensive function models, including combining miRNA as sponge, modifying transcription, and even regulating protein translation have been developed. Therefore, circRNAs is applied as an excellent diagnostic tool and a promising candidate for development of cancer therapies. This study reviews the biogenesis and function of circRNAs, explores potential mechanism of circRNAs in LSCC, and implications and challenges in LSCC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanying Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China
| | - Xinting Tie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China
| | - Yongshan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China
| | - Mingfang Fan
- Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400 Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ma J, Xu X, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Jiang D, Shen S, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Zhuang R. Silencing of HuR Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via AGO2 in Association With Long Non-Coding RNA XIST. Front Oncol 2021; 11:601982. [PMID: 33816232 PMCID: PMC8017292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.601982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant and aggressive bone tumor. This study was performed to explore the mechanisms of HuR (human antigen R) in the progression of OS. Methods HuR expression levels in OS tissues and cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. HuR siRNA was transfected into SJSA-1 OS cells to downregulate HuR expression, and then cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the association of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST and argonaute RISC catalytic component (AGO) 2 with HuR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed to detect the expression of lncRNA XIST. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to observe AGO2 expression after HuR or/and lncRNA XIST knockdown. Results Knockdown of HuR repressed OS cell migration and EMT. AGO2 was identified as a target of HuR and silencing of HuR decreased AGO2 expression. The lncRNA XIST was associated with HuR-mediated AGO2 suppression. Moreover, knockdown of AGO2 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in OS. Conclusion Our findings indicate that HuR knockdown suppresses OS cell EMT by regulating lncRNA XIST/AGO2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Liu
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinxue Zhang
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuexue Xu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziqing Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Filippova N, Yang X, Ananthan S, Calano J, Pathak V, Bratton L, Vekariya RH, Zhang S, Ofori E, Hayward EN, Namkoong D, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, King PH, Mobley J, Nabors LB. Targeting the HuR Oncogenic Role with a New Class of Cytoplasmic Dimerization Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2220-2233. [PMID: 33602784 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics that exploit alterations in the activation state of key cellular signaling pathways due to mutations in upstream regulators has generated the field of personalized medicine. These first-generation efforts have focused on actionable mutations identified by deep sequencing of large numbers of tumor samples. We propose that a second-generation opportunity exists by exploiting key downstream "nodes of control" that contribute to oncogenesis and are inappropriately activated due to loss of upstream regulation and microenvironmental influences. The RNA-binding protein HuR represents such a node. Because HuR functionality in cancer cells is dependent on HuR dimerization and its nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling, we developed a new class of molecules targeting HuR protein dimerization. A structure-activity relationship algorithm enabled development of inhibitors of HuR multimer formation that were soluble, had micromolar activity, and penetrated the blood-brain barrier. These inhibitors were evaluated for activity validation and specificity in a robust cell-based assay of HuR dimerization. SRI-42127, a molecule that met these criteria, inhibited HuR multimer formation across primary patient-derived glioblastoma xenolines (PDGx), leading to arrest of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of colony formation. SRI-42127 had favorable attributes with central nervous system penetration and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. RNA and protein analysis of SRI-42127-treated PDGx xenolines across glioblastoma molecular subtypes confirmed attenuation of targets upregulated by HuR. These results highlight how focusing on key attributes of HuR that contribute to cancer progression, namely cytoplasmic localization and multimerization, has led to the development of a novel, highly effective inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings utilize a cell-based mechanism of action assay with a structure-activity relationship compound development pathway to discover inhibitors that target HuR dimerization, a mechanism required for cancer promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Filippova
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Calano
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vibha Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Larry Bratton
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh H Vekariya
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Edward Ofori
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily N Hayward
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David Namkoong
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Mobley
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center MS/Proteomics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
HuR Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications in Development, Prognosis and Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020119. [PMID: 33513829 PMCID: PMC7912068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a post-transcriptional regulator that belongs to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision Drosophila-like family (ELAV). HuR regulates the stability, translation, subcellular localization, and degradation of several target mRNAs, which are implicated in carcinogenesis and could affect therapeutic options. HuR protein is consistently highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to the adjacent normal liver tissue and is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of various genes implicated in liver malignant transformation. Additionally, HuR protein seems to be a putative prognosticator in HCC, predicting worse survival. This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the role of HuR in primary liver tumors, as presented in clinical studies, in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models. In conclusion, our review supports the consistent role of HuR protein in the development, prognosis, and treatment of HCC. Additional studies are expected to expand current information and exploit its putative employment as a future candidate for more personalized treatment in these tumors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zang Y, Li J, Wan B, Tai Y. circRNA circ-CCND1 promotes the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through elevating CCND1 expression via interacting with HuR and miR-646. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2423-2433. [PMID: 31951319 PMCID: PMC7028846 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is a well‐known proliferation promoter that accelerates G1/S transition in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which CCND1 is regulated is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel circular RNA (circRNA) derived from CCND1 (circ‐CCND1, hsa_circ_0023303) as a key regulator for CCND1. circ‐CCND1 was found to be markedly up‐regulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and closely associated with aggressive clinical features and adverse prognosis. Depletion of circ‐CCND1 significantly inhibited LSCC cell proliferation in vitro and retarded tumour growth in vivo. Regarding the mechanism, circ‐CCND1 physically bound to human antigen R (HuR) protein to enhance CCND1 mRNA stability; on the other hand, circ‐CCND1 could act as an effective sponge for miR‐646 to alleviate the repression of miR‐646 on CCND1 mRNA. As a result, circ‐CCND1 post‐transcriptionally elevated CCND1 expression via coordinated avoidance of CCND1 mRNA decay, thereby promoting LSCC tumorigenesis. Taken together, our findings uncover the essential proliferation‐promoting role of circ‐CCND1 through regulation of the stability of CCND1 mRNA in LSCC. Targeting circ‐CCND1 may be a promising treatment for LSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Zang
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoluo Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Expression Patterns and Associated Clinical Parameters of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating Protein 2 and Transmembrane and Immunoglobulin Domain Containing 2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:5421985. [PMID: 31089395 PMCID: PMC6476002 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5421985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) and transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) are new immune checkpoint molecules of the B7:CD28 family; however, little research has been performed on these immune checkpoint molecules. In this study, we used oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry methods to investigate the expression patterns of HHLA2 and TMIGD2 in OSCC. After comparing the HHLA2 and TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa, we found increased HHLA2 expression in OSCC and dysplasia, while the TMIGD2 expression was decreased in OSCC and dysplasia. Using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, we found that higher HHLA2 or TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC indicate poor prognosis. Furthermore, two-tailed Pearson's statistical analysis revealed that the HHLA2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were positively correlated with the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), B7 homolog 4 protein (B7H4), and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) levels, while the TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were inversely correlated with the TIM3, LAG3, and B7H3 levels. Our current study demonstrates that HHLA2 may serve as an immune target for OSCC therapy and that the TMIGD2 expression level in OSCC could forecast patient prognosis.
Collapse
|