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Hu B, Hu H, Peng D, Wei Z, Wang Q, Kuang H. Phytochemical components analysis and hypolipidemic effect on hyperlipidemia mice of the aerial parts from Allium sativum. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1422857. [PMID: 39119464 PMCID: PMC11306067 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1422857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The bulbs of Allium sativum are widely used as food or seasoning (garlic), while they have also been utilized as a famous traditional medicine since ancient eras for the treatment of scabies, tuberculosis, pertussis, diarrhea and dysentery, etc. However, very few studies focus on their abundant aerial parts, which are normally discarded during the harvest season. Methods The hyperlipidemic mice model has been used to study the lipid-lowering effect of the aerial parts in this article. 180 mice were randomly divided into 18 groups, including blank control (BC), model (Mod), positive control (PC), and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual water extracts (corresponding to CE, PEE, EAE, NBE, WE), with 10 mice in each group. The preventive effects of the extracts on hyperlipidemic mice lasted for four weeks. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the chemical components of NBE and PEE respectively. Results The results of the mice experiment showed that n-butanol extract (NBE) and petroleum ether extract (PEE) from the aerial parts could significantly reduce the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum of hyperlipidemic mice, and increase the contents of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). They could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). At the same time, they could improve steatosis and inflammation of liver cells. The results of phytochemical components analysis showed that NBE was rich in organic acids, flavonoids and nitrogen-containing constituents, while PEE contained organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic acids and derivatives, alkaloids, phytosterols, etc. Conclusion These results support that the aerial parts of A. sativum are an interesting source of bioactive ingredients that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Standardized Processing of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Al-Jamal H, Idriss S, Roufayel R, Abi Khattar Z, Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM. Treating COVID-19 with Medicinal Plants: Is It Even Conceivable? A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:320. [PMID: 38543686 PMCID: PMC10974729 DOI: 10.3390/v16030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenged the world with a global outbreak that led to millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the symptomatic manifestation of this virus, which can range from flu-like symptoms to utter clinical complications and even death. Since there was no clear medicine that could tackle this infection or lower its complications with minimal adverse effects on the patients' health, the world health organization (WHO) developed awareness programs to lower the infection rate and limit the fast spread of this virus. Although vaccines have been developed as preventative tools, people still prefer going back to traditional herbal medicine, which provides remarkable health benefits that can either prevent the viral infection or limit the progression of severe symptoms through different mechanistic pathways with relatively insignificant side effects. This comprehensive review provides scientific evidence elucidating the effect of 10 different plants against SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for further studies to reconsider plant-based extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, into more advanced clinical assessments in order to identify their impact on patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Al-Jamal
- Faculty of Public Health 3, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1100, Lebanon;
| | - Sara Idriss
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Ziad Abi Khattar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Kalhat, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon;
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13385 Marseille, France
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Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. Garlic against Heart-related Ailments: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Future Perspective. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:521-530. [PMID: 37605421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230821102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a well-recognized plant of great nutraceutical value with pharmacological evidences. It is full of dietary as well as pharmaceutical properties and has been used in traditional medications for a long time. It is known for good antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral effects, along with other therapeutic roles in cardiovascular diseases, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic, blood pressure, bone and skin related problems etc. Objective: Considering the potential of garlic in the treatment of cardiovascular/heart-related diseases, the main objective of this study was to prepare a subject-centric mini-review focusing on its chemistry and pharmacology in heart-related issues. METHODS In order to prepare this mini-review article, an extensive online literature search was performed to find out the most recent studies related to this topic. These studies were briefly reviewed, assessed, and discussed to explore the possible capability of garlic for the cure of cardiovascular problems. RESULT Several experiments on mice models, rat models as well as on humans show the effective role of various forms of garlic in cardiovascular or heart-related ailments. After reviewing the available publications on garlic in heart-related issues, authors found that garlic and its sulfur (S)-based organic constituents may have advantageous applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Laboratory, L.S. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001, India
| | - Shashi Lata Bharati
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004, India
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Nwozo OS, Effiong EM, Aja PM, Awuchi CG. Antioxidant, phytochemical, and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2157425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onyenibe Sarah Nwozo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda
| | | | - Patrick Maduabuchi Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000 Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
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Bautista-Perez SM, Silva-Islas CA, Sandoval-Marquez OU, Toledo-Toledo J, Bello-Martínez JM, Barrera-Oviedo D, Maldonado PD. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic in Ischemic Stroke: Proposal of a New Mechanism of Protection through Regulation of Neuroplasticity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2126. [PMID: 38136245 PMCID: PMC10740829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on our review of the available information. The aim of the present study is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Monserrat Bautista-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Silva-Islas
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Oscar Uriel Sandoval-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
| | - Jesús Toledo-Toledo
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General de Zona #30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 08300, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Bello-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Departamento Cirugía General, Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City 11600, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.M.B.-P.); (J.M.B.-M.); (D.B.-O.)
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.S.-I.); (O.U.S.-M.); (J.T.-T.)
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Charneca S, Hernando A, Costa-Reis P, Guerreiro CS. Beyond Seasoning-The Role of Herbs and Spices in Rheumatic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2812. [PMID: 37375716 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although we have witnessed remarkable progress in understanding the biological mechanisms that lead to the development of rheumatic diseases (RDs), remission is still not achieved in a substantial proportion of patients with the available pharmacological treatment. As a consequence, patients are increasingly looking for complementary adjuvant therapies, including dietary interventions. Herbs and spices have a long historical use, across various cultures worldwide, for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The interest in herbs and spices, beyond their seasoning properties, has dramatically grown in many immune-mediated diseases, including in RDs. Increasing evidence highlights their richness in bioactive molecules, such as sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic diterpenes, and vitamins, as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Cinnamon, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and saffron are the most popular spices used in RDs and will be explored throughout this manuscript. With this paper, we intend to provide an updated review of the mechanisms whereby herbs and spices may be of interest in RDs, including through gut microbiota modulation, as well as summarize human studies investigating their effects in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Charneca
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Hernando
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa-Reis
- Unidade de Reumatologia Pediátrica do Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Compositional analysis and immunomodulatory activity of blue pigment fraction (BPF) from Laba garlic. Food Chem 2023; 406:134976. [PMID: 36455311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Laba garlic is a kind of garlic (Allium sativum L.) product and blue pigment fraction (BPF) is the characteristic fraction of Laba garlic. The objective of the study was to isolate BPF from Laba garlic and explore its stability, composition, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity. The results suggested BPF was unstable under alkaline conditions. Twenty-four constituents including 9 peptides and 10 saponins were detected in BPF by Q Exactive HF LC/MS anlaysis. BPF showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. It also showed effective immunomodulatory activity at a concentration of 5 μg/mL at the cellular level and the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells changed to a polygonal and dendritic-like structure. BPF could significantly increase NO production (P < 0.05), and up-regulate the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and NF-κB in the RT-QPCR analysis. The present study systematically analyzed the compositions of BPF for the first time, and the results suggested that BPF might be a potential immunomodulator candidate, which is beneficial for the development and application of garlic products and natural pigments.
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Prajapati SK, Malaiya A, Mishra G, Jain D, Kesharwani P, Mody N, Ahmadi A, Paliwal R, Jain A. An exhaustive comprehension of the role of herbal medicines in Pre- and Post-COVID manifestations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115420. [PMID: 35654349 PMCID: PMC9150915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has relentlessly spread all over the world even after the advent of vaccines. It demands management, treatment, and prevention as well with utmost safety and effectiveness. It is well researched that herbal medicines or natural products have shown promising outcomes to strengthen immunity with antiviral potential against SARS-COV-2. AIM OF THE REVIEW Our objective is to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines and products (Ayurvedic) for pre-and post-COVID manifestations. MATERIAL AND METHOD The database used in the text is collected and compiled from Scopus, PubMed, Nature, Elsevier, Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, American Chemical Society, and clinicaltrials.gov up to January 2022. Articles from non-academic sources such as websites and news were also retrieved. Exploration of the studies was executed to recognize supplementary publications of research studies and systematic reviews. The keywords, such as "SARS-COV-2, coronavirus, COVID-19, herbal drugs, immunity, herbal immunomodulators, infection, herbal antiviral drugs, and WHO recommendation" were thoroughly searched. Chemical structures were drawn using the software Chemdraw Professional 15.0.0.160 (PerkinElmer Informatics, Inc.). RESULT A plethora of literature supports that the use of herbal regimens not only strengthen immunity but can also treat SARS-COV-2 infection with minimal side effects. This review summarizes the mechanistic insights into herbal therapy engaging interferons and antibodies to boost the response against SARS-COV-2 infection, several clinical trials, and in silico studies (computational approaches) on selected natural products including, Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Tulsi, etc. as preventive and therapeutic measures against COVID. We have also emphasized the exploitation of herbal medicine-based pharmaceutical products along with perspectives for unseen upcoming alike diseases. CONCLUSION According to the current state of art and cutting-edge research on herbal medicines have showed a significant promise as modern COVID tools. Since vaccination cannot be purported as a long-term cure for viral infections, herbal/natural medicines can only be considered a viable alternative to current remedies, as conceived from our collected data to unroot recurring viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Prajapati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida, 201310, UP, India
| | - Akanksha Malaiya
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484886, MP, India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Dolly Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Oriental University, Indore, 453555, Madhya Pradesh, India; Adina College of Pharmacy, Sagar, 470002, MP, India
| | - Payal Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational and Technical Education, Greater Noida, 201310, UP, India
| | - Nishi Mody
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, 470003, MP, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 48175866, Iran
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484886, MP, India
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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Nazeam JA, Singab ANB. Immunostimulant plant proteins: Potential candidates as vaccine adjuvants. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4345-4360. [PMID: 36128599 PMCID: PMC9538006 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is shaking up global scientific structures toward addressing antibiotic resistance threats and indicates an urgent need to develop more cost-effective vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in boosting immunogenicity and improving vaccine efficacy. The toxicity and adversity of most adjuvant formulations are the major human immunization problems, especially in routine pediatric and immunocompromised patients. The present review focused on preclinical studies of immunoadjuvant plant proteins in use with antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral vaccines. Moreover, this report outlines the current perspective of immunostimulant plant protein candidates that can be used by researchers in developing new generations of vaccine-adjuvants. Future clinical studies are required to substantiate the plant proteins' safety and applicability as a vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan A. Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyOctober 6 UniversityGizaEgypt
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Shruthishree D. Padiyappa, Hemavathi Avalappa, Yeldur P. Venkatesh, Nagaraj Parisara, B. T. Prabhakar, Pramod.S.N.. Characterization of antioxidant, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory functions of partially purified garlic (Allium sativum L.) lectin. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i4.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: The metabolic and oxidative stress induces highly reactive free radicals that are known to harm normal physiology and play a role in the development of cancer. Elevated levels of these free radicals contribute to excessive neovascularization leading to angiogenesis mediated cancer progression. Targeting these free radicals through dietary source is important strategy in regulation of cancer. Allium sativum L. (AsL) garlic has important multi pharmacological properties. On the other hand, dietary lectins are proven to be the best anti-cancer molecules. The study presents investigation that focus to assess the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of partially purified garlic lectin (PPAsL).
Materials and Methods: Fresh garlic bulbs were processed and evaluated for lectin induced HA activity. Further the garlic lectins (AsL) were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis and analyzed through SDS-PAGE. Further lectins were characterized by producing Anti-AsL polyclonal antibodies and purification by affinity chromatography. Pharmacological evaluations of the lectins were assessed through antioxidant, anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic mediated anti-cancer activity.
Results: Lectin positive activity was confirmed by HA activity and partial purification lectin identified ?12kDa protein having Glc/Man glycan specificity. The polyclonal antibodies raised against PPAsL, confirmed that it has potent immunogen. Pharmacological evaluation confirmed that PPAsL has potent antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effect both in-vitro and in-vivo.
Conclusion: PPAsL is potent antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-cancer molecule. The dietary recommendation of the garlic lectin is an important therapeutic strategy against the cancer.
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Mousa AM, Soliman KEA, Alhumaydhi FA, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Alrumaihi F, Aljasir M, Alwashmi ASS, Ahmed AA, Khan A, Al-Regaiey KA, AlSuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Aljarbou WA, Elsayed AM. Could allicin alleviate trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic properties? Life Sci 2022; 302:120656. [PMID: 35605695 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although trastuzumab (TZB)-induced cardiotoxicity is well documented and allicin (one of the main active garlic ingredients) has ameliorating effects against numerous causes of toxicities; however, the influence of allicin on TZB-induced cardiotoxicity has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the current work explored the potential cardioprotective structural, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of allicin against TZB-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat's model. METHODS Forty rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for five weeks. The control group (G1) received PBS, the allicin group (G2) received allicin (9 mg/kg/day), the TZB group (G3) received TZB (6 mg/kg/week), and the allicin+TZB group (G4) received 9 mg of allicin/kg/day +6 mg of TZB/kg/week. Heart specimens and blood samples were processed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular investigations to determine the extent of cardiac injury in all groups. KEY FINDINGS The myocardium of G3 revealed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory and apoptotic cells and the area percentage of collagen fibers and TNF-α immunoexpression compared with G1 and G2. Besides, qRT-PCR analysis exhibited significant reductions of SOD3, GPX1, and CAT expressions with significant increases in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, cTnI, cTnT, and LDH expressions. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in the apoptotic and ROS levels. In contrast, allicin+TZB cotherapy in G4 ameliorated all previous changes compared with G3. SIGNIFICANCE The current study proves that allicin could be used as a novel supplementary cardioprotective therapy to avoid TZB-induced cardiotoxicity via its anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mousa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Khaled E A Soliman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, AlQunfudah, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahdi H Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, AlQunfudah, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Abulmaaty M Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
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Abou Hussien N, Faheem M, Sweed E, Ibrahim A. Ultrastructural tegumental changes of Trichinella spiralis adult and larval stages after in vitro exposure to Allium sativum. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108314. [PMID: 35752343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Albendazole (ALB) is the most used therapeutic drug for trichinellosis treatment, but it has many drawbacks. Hence, the search for alternative natural compounds is a goal for researchers. The present work aimed to test the in vitro anthelmintic effect of Tomex (Allium sativum) against adult and muscular larva of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). We incubated adult forms and muscular larvae of T. spiralis with Tomex at concentrations 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL to evaluate the changes that happened on the cuticle using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although ALB was very effective, Tomex also affected motility and the tegumental structure of T. spiralis, which was in proportion to its concentration and incubation time, as Tomex started the mortality of muscular larvae and adult stages after 4 h at 50 μg/mL, and after 6 h at10 μg/mL. A 50% mortality rate of muscular larvae was recorded after 6 h at 100 μg/mL. However, a 50% mortality rate was recorded after 12 h at 10 μg/mL for the adult stage. Adult worms and muscular larvae of T. spiralis incubated with 100 μg/mL of Tomex displayed loss of normal annulations and creases of the cuticle, multiple vesicles, widening of longitudinal furrow space, and multiple minor loss blebs. Our results suggested that Tomex can be a therapeutic agent against adults and larvae stages of T. spiralis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abou Hussien
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Mona Faheem
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt; Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin el Kom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- Clinical and Molecular Parasitology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Padiyappa SD, Avalappa H, Somegowda M, Sridhara S, Venkatesh YP, Prabhakar BT, Pramod SN, Almujaydil MS, Shokralla S, Abdelbacki AMM, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA. Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041375. [PMID: 35209158 PMCID: PMC8880535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (Allium sativum agglutinins; ASAs) were identified as immunodulatory proteins in vitro. The objective of the present study was to assess the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of garlic agglutinins and to evaluate whether they have adjuvant properties in vivo for a weak antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Garlic lectins (ASA I and ASA II) were administered by intranasal (50 days duration) and intradermal (14 days duration) routes, and the anti-lectin and anti-OVA immune (IgG) responses in the control and test groups of the BALB/c mice were assessed for humoral immunogenicity. Lectins, co-administered with OVA, were examined for lectin-induced anti-OVA IgG response to assess their adjuvant properties. The splenic and thymic indices were evaluated as a measure of immunomodulatory functions. Intradermal administration of ASA I and ASA II had showed a four-fold and two-fold increase in anti-lectin IgG response, respectively, vs. the control on day 14. In the intranasal route, the increases were 3-fold and 2.4-fold for ASA I and ASA II, respectively, on day 50. No decrease in the body weights of animals was noticed; the increases in the spleen and thymus weights, as well as their indices, were significant in the lectin groups. In the adjuvanticity study by intranasal administration, ASA I co-administered with ovalbumin (OVA) induced a remarkable increase in anti-OVA IgG response (~six-fold; p < 0.001) compared to the control, and ASA II induced a four-fold increase vs. the control on day 50. The results indicated that ASA was a potent immunogen which induced mucosal immunogenicity to the antigens that were administered intranasally in BALB/c mice. The observations made of the in vivo study indicate that ASA I has the potential use as an oral and mucosal adjuvant to deliver candidate weak antigens. Further clinical studies in humans are required to confirm its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthishree D. Padiyappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Hemavathi Avalappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Madhusudana Somegowda
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Yeldur P. Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India;
| | - Bettadatunga T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki
- Applied Studies and Community Service College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
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Garlic Extract: Inhibition of Biochemical and Biophysical Changes in Glycated HSA. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112211028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycation of various biomolecules contributes to structural changes and formation of several high molecular weight fluorescent and non-fluorescent, advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs and glycation are involved in various health complications. Synthetic medicines, including metformin, have several adverse effects. Natural products and their derivatives are used in the treatment of various diseases due to their significant therapeutic qualities. Allium sativum (garlic) is used in traditional medicines because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the anti-glycating and AGEs inhibitory activities of garlic. Biochemical and biophysical analyses were performed for in vitro incubated human serum albumin (HSA) with 0.05 M of glucose for 1, 5, and 10 weeks. Anti-glycating and AGEs inhibitory effect of garlic was investigated in glycated samples. Increased biochemical and biophysical changes were observed in glycated HSA incubated for 10 weeks (G-HSA-10W) as compared to native HSA (N-HSA) as well as glycated HSA incubated for 1 (G-HSA-1W) and 5 weeks (G-HSA-5W). Garlic extract with a concentration of ≥6.25 µg/mL exhibited significant inhibition in biophysical and biochemical changes of G-HSA-10W. Our findings demonstrated that garlic extract has the ability to inhibit biochemical and biophysical changes in HSA that occurred due to glycation. Thus, garlic extract can be used against glycation and AGE-related health complications linked with chronic diseases in diabetic patients due to its broad therapeutic potential.
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Sibeko L, Johns T, Cordeiro LS. Traditional plant use during lactation and postpartum recovery: Infant development and maternal health roles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114377. [PMID: 34192598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evidence of phytochemical roles in infant development and maternal recovery offers insights into beneficial functions of traditional plant use during lactation and the postpartum period. Ethnopharmacological research has relevance to global priorities on maternal and child health, to understanding origins and determinants of human self-medication, and for reconciling traditional postpartum practices and mainstream healthcare. AIM OF THE STUDY Present emerging evidence, within evolutionary and socio-cultural contexts, on the role of maternal consumption on transfer of phytochemicals into breast milk with impacts on maternal and child health, and on infant development. Establish current state of knowledge and an ethnopharmacological research agenda that is attentive to cross-cultural and regional differences in postpartum plant use. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science focused on traditional and contemporary use and socio-cultural context, as well as physiological, pharmacological, toxicological, and behavioral activities of plants used medicinally by women during postpartum recovery and lactation. RESULTS The most widely reported postpartum plants show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, and neurophysiological activities, with low toxicity. Phytochemicals transfer from maternal consumption into breast milk in physiological concentrations, while animal studies demonstrate immunomodulation and other actions of medicinal plants during lactation. Reporting on the use and diverse traditional knowledge of women about plants during the postpartum period is obscured by the marginal place of obstetric issues and by gender biases in ethnobotanical research. In many contemporary contexts use is prejudiced by precautionary risk warnings in health literature and practice that confound lactation with pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Although systematic investigation of postpartum plant use is lacking, known pharmacological activities support potential benefits on infant development and maternal health with immediate and long-term consequences in relation to allergic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and other diseases. An ethnopharmacological agenda focused on the perinatal period requires directed methodologies and a regional approach in relation to culturally-specific knowledge and practices, traditional plant use, and local health needs. Testing the hypothesis that phytochemicals transferred from medicinal plants into breast milk impact the human immune system and other aspects of infant development requires extended analysis of phytochemicals in human milk and infant lumen and plasma, as well as effects on gastrointestinal and milk microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lorraine S Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Heimesaat MM, Mousavi S, Weschka D, Bereswill S. Garlic Essential Oil as Promising Option for the Treatment of Acute Campylobacteriosis-Results from a Preclinical Placebo-Controlled Intervention Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061140. [PMID: 34070612 PMCID: PMC8227651 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since human infections with Campylobacter jejuni including antibiotic-resistant strains are rising worldwide, natural compounds might constitute promising antibiotics-independent treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial properties of garlic have been known for centuries, we here surveyed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of garlic essential oil (EO) in acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were orally infected with C. jejuni strain 81-176 and garlic-EO treatment via the drinking water was initiated on day 2 post-infection. Mice from the garlic-EO group displayed less severe clinical signs of acute campylobacteriosis as compared to placebo counterparts that were associated with lower ileal C. jejuni burdens on day 6 post-infection. Furthermore, when compared to placebo application, garlic-EO treatment resulted in alleviated colonic epithelia cell apoptosis, in less pronounced C. jejuni induced immune cell responses in the large intestines, in dampened pro-inflammatory mediator secretion in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments, and, finally, in less frequent translocation of viable pathogens from the intestines to distinct organs. Given its potent immune-modulatory and disease-alleviating effects as shown in our actual preclinical placebo-controlled intervention study, we conclude that garlic-EO may be considered as promising adjunct treatment option for acute campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Heimesaat
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Correspondence: (M.M.H.); (S.M.); Tel.: +49-30-450524318 (M.M.H); +49-30-450524315 (S.M.)
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Efficacy of Oral Administration of Allium sativum Powder "Garlic Extract" on Lipid Profile, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Indices among Hemodialysis Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6667453. [PMID: 34055019 PMCID: PMC8149222 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a prominent role in the deteriorating cardiovascular risk of hemodialysis patients. Utilization of herbal remedies, especially garlic extract, in these patients has resulted in promising improvement in lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers. Purpose In this survey, we aimed to determine the effects of oral administration of Allium sativum powder on lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers among hemodialysis patients. Methods In this interventional double-blinded randomized crossover study, 70 patients were enrolled and assigned in two groups. Each group received 300 mg of garlic powder BID or placebo for eight weeks; after a six-week wash-out period, the agents were switched between two groups so that the group who received garlic powder in the first eight weeks received placebo for the second eight weeks, and vice versa. Venous blood samples were obtained in baseline, wash-out period, and at the end of study. Following obtaining laboratory data, BUN, creatinine, Na, K, Ca, Ph, homocysteine, and lipid profile were compared. Results No significant differences were shown at baselines of outcomes between the garlic and placebo group (p value>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in absolute values of OXLDL (mean placebo = 979.63, mean garlic = 676.54; p value<0.001) and HCY (mean placebo = 36.54, mean garlic = 27.78; p value<0.001). In addition, significant treatment differences were seen in change values of Ca (placebo = 1.17, garlic = 0.21; p value = 0.006), TG (placebo = −6.71, garlic = -24.14; p value = 0.014), OXLDL (placebo = −281.30, garlic = -699.78; p value<0.001), and HCY (placebo = −0.24, garlic = −6.68; p value<0.001). Conclusion In this study, Allium sativum powder demonstrated efficacy in lipid profile improvement and renal protective effects among hemodialysis patients.
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Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Javed SA, Sultana S, Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Meraya AM, Ahsan W, Mohan S, Taha MME, Khalid A. Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637553. [PMID: 34054806 PMCID: PMC8155592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body's defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique A. Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Sultana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. E. Taha
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Campanati A, Ceccarelli G, Brisigotti V, Molinelli E, Martina E, Talevi D, Marconi B, Giannoni M, Markantoni V, Gregoriou S, Kontochristopoulos G, Offidani A. Effects of in vivo application of an overnight patch containing Allium cepa, allantoin, and pentaglycan on hypertrophic scars and keloids: Clinical, videocapillaroscopic, and ultrasonographic study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 34:e14665. [PMID: 33314582 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches have been described for their treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, but to date, the optimal treatment has not been established yet. Our in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a medical device consisting in an adhesive patch containing onion extract (Allium cepa) 10%, allantoin 1%, and pentaglycan 4% (Kaloidon patch) on hypertrophic scars and keloids. Thirty-nine patients with hypertrophic scars and seven patients with keloids were asked to apply an adhesive patch containing Allium cepa, allantoin, and pentaglycan once/day for at least 8 h consecutively, for 24 weeks. Patients were reevaluated 6 weeks (T6), 12 weeks (T12), and 24 weeks (T24) after starting the treatment through POSAS scale v 2.0, ultrasonographic, and videocapillaroscopic assessment. The investigated medical device was able to induce a significant improvement of POSAS starting from T12, with a positive amelioration trend until T24. However the patient-assessed POSAS sub-items showed improvement already after 6 weeks, whereas a significant improvement of the observer-assessed POSAS sub-items was observed only after 12 weeks (P < .001). Ultrasonography and intravital videocapillaroscopy confirmed a significant improvement of skin scars thickness (P < .001) and vascularization (P < .001) after 12 weeks of medical device application at least, with increasing improvement until T24. Applying an adhesive patch containing Allium cepa, allantoin, and pentaglycan once a day for at least 8 consecutive hours seems to be able to improve the clinical and morphological characteristics of the scars of the skin in 24 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Campanati
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ceccarelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valerio Brisigotti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martina
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Talevi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara Marconi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Giannoni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Markantoni
- Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Annamaria Offidani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
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Anti-Proliferative Effect of Allium senescens L. Extract in Human T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010035. [PMID: 33374788 PMCID: PMC7795430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium species are well known plants distributed throughout the world, and they contain various bioactive components with different biological activities including anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Allium senescens L. (A.S.) extract on cell survival and IL-2-mediated inflammation in human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cells. Our results showed that A.S. extract induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of Jurkat cells with no significant cytotoxicity in the normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A.S. extract induced ROS generation through the activation of MAPK p38 phosphorylation. It also inhibited IL-2 mRNA expression and NF-κB signaling mediated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and phytohemagglutinin. Combined treatment with A.S. extract and axitinib/dovitinib exerted enhanced inhibitory effects on T-ALL cell growth and IL-2 production. These results provide novel information on the potential use of A.S. extract as a therapeutic herbal agent for the treatment and prevention of T-ALL.
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Firmino JP, Vallejos-Vidal E, Sarasquete C, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Balasch JC, Tort L, Estevez A, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Unveiling the effect of dietary essential oils supplementation in Sparus aurata gills and its efficiency against the infestation by Sparicotyle chrysophrii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17764. [PMID: 33082387 PMCID: PMC7576129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A microencapsulated feed additive composed by garlic, carvacrol and thymol essential oils (EOs) was evaluated regarding its protective effect in gills parasitized by Sparicotyle chrysophrii in Sparus aurata. A nutritional trial (65 days) followed by a cohabitation challenge with parasitized fish (39 days) were performed. Transcriptomic analysis by microarrays of gills of fish fed the EOs diet showed an up-regulation of genes related to biogenesis, vesicular transport and exocytosis, leukocyte-mediated immunity, oxidation–reduction and overall metabolism processes. The functional network obtained indicates a tissue-specific pro-inflammatory immune response arbitrated by degranulating acidophilic granulocytes, sustained by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. The histochemical study of gills also showed an increase of carboxylate glycoproteins containing sialic acid in mucous and epithelial cells of fish fed the EOs diet, suggesting a mucosal defence mechanism through the modulation of mucin secretions. The outcomes of the in vivo challenge supported the transcriptomic results obtained from the nutritional trial, where a significant reduction of 78% in the abundance of S. chrysophrii total parasitation and a decrease in the prevalence of most parasitic developmental stages evaluated were observed in fish fed the EOs diet. These results suggest that the microencapsulation of garlic, carvacrol and thymol EOs could be considered an effective natural dietary strategy with antiparasitic properties against the ectoparasite S. chrysophrii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Firmino
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,TECNOVIT-FARMFAES, S.L. Pol. Ind. Les Sorts, parc. 10, 43365, Alforja, Spain.,PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alicia Estevez
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
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WITHDRAWN: Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Allium sativum L. from Morocco. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nasr AY, Alshali RA. Cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of aged garlic extract against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male rats. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:201-215. [PMID: 32647088 PMCID: PMC7343569 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) efficacy in cancer chemotherapy is well-established. However, ADR-induced cardiotoxicity remains a significant challenge. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural polyphenol with high antioxidant potential. This study was planned to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant actions of AGE against the cardiotoxic effect of ADR in rats. Six equal groups, control, ADR-treated (single dose of 10 mg/kg on day 8); AGE-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg for 14 days); AGE plus ADR-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg AGE for one week plus ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8); ADR plus AGE-treated (single ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8 plus AGE of 250 mg/kg once from 8th to 14th day); combined AGE plus ADR plus AGE-treated (one dose of 250 mg/kg AGE for 14 days plus single ADR injection of 10 mg/kg on day 8). Sera and cardiac samples were collected on day 15 and prepared for histological, ultrastructural and biochemical study. Disorganization, focal degeneration and necrosis with apoptotic changes of the cardiac myofibrils were observed in ADR-treated rats. Also, reduction in level of total creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, glutathione, glutathione- peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and elevation in malondialdehyde concentration were detected in ADR-treated rats. However, combination of AGE attenuated most of the histopathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes induced by ADR. Combination of AGE attenuated the cardiotoxic effects-induced by ADR through its antioxidant and cytoprotective potentials. Therefore, AGE can use as adjunct during administration of ADR in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Youssef Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Alshali
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bonasia A, Conversa G, Lazzizera C, Loizzo P, Gambacorta G, Elia A. Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy). Foods 2020; 9:E850. [PMID: 32610546 PMCID: PMC7404550 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in local landraces has unfortunately decreased over, the last decades, in which they have been continuously subjected to a high genetic erosion in favour of new modern varieties. Within the Puglia region (S-E Italy), Foggia province was found to be the richest in vegetable landraces. In the present study, six garlic landraces collected from this area have been assessed for their chemical composition (minerals, organic acids, free sugars, volatile, and phenolic compounds) along with their main morpho-biometrical traits. A commercial genotype was also considered as a reference standard. The landraces show a large variability, but in general high morphological standards, high levels of cations and phenols, and low levels of volatile-(S)-compounds in comparison with the commercial genotype and the literature values. 'Aglio di Peschici' and 'Aglio Rosso di Monteleone di Puglia' are very rich in minerals and phenols (mainly ferulic acid and iso-rhamnetin). This increase in knowledge on the chemical properties of these garlic landraces could represent a tool for encouraging the consumption of a food product. At the same time, the consumption of these landraces would stimulate their cultivation and could highly contribute to protection against the risk of erosion of agro-biodiversity by their in situ/on-farm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonasia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Giulia Conversa
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Corrado Lazzizera
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Pasqua Loizzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gambacorta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonio Elia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.L.); (A.E.)
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The preventive and therapeutic application of garlic and other plant ingredients in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1507-1510. [PMID: 32010331 PMCID: PMC6966117 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, pharmacologically active ingredients derived from natural sources, including plants and microbials have been used in the treatment of a wide array of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cancers. Herbal extracts and polyphenols are produced from herbs that contain a variety of ingredients, most of which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-microbial actions. Gingivitis is triggered by the infection of the periodontal tissues with periodontal disease-causing pathogens present in the dental biofilm. This is accompanied by weak inflammatory immune reactions in the gingiva. In periodontitis, prolonged and excessive inflammation results in the destruction of gingival connective tissue and in the resorption of alveolar bone, leading to tooth loss. There are a number of clinical reports showing the effectiveness of both herbal extracts and polyphenols on periodontal diseases when applied as a mouthwash or dentifrice into the oral cavity. However, to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there is no clinical report available on the therapeutic effects of garlic or its extract on periodontal diseases, apart from a recent study, which reported that the intake of aged garlic extract (AGE) containing various pharmacologically active sulfur compounds, alleviated the symptoms of gingivitis clinically. The finding suggests that AGE may be a promising candidate for use in the treatment of periodontal diseases, although additional clinical trials are warranted to confirm this. In addition, further studies are required for the clarification of the basic molecular mechanisms through which AGE attenuates gingivitis. In this review, we summarize the beneficial effects of several natural compounds on periodontal disease and describe the possible applications of garlic ingredients in detail.
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Quesada I, de Paola M, Torres-Palazzolo C, Camargo A, Ferder L, Manucha W, Castro C. Effect of Garlic’s Active Constituents in Inflammation, Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang N, Chen Y, Li S, Yin H, Li L, Shan M, Long Z, Tian J, Li J, Yu H, Xie K, Wu Z, Daria V, Wang F, Zhao Y. Multiple exposure to environmental factors and variations in CYP27B1 and the microRNA-binding site of IL-13 are associated with breast cancer risk. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3237-3249. [PMID: 31041852 PMCID: PMC6558484 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several molecular epidemiology studies have evidenced an association of environmental factors and genetic polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) risk. However, most have considered the functions of a single element rather than combined effects. Methods This case‐control study of 693 newly‐diagnosed BC cases and 714 cancer‐free controls evaluated the effect of multiple exposures to environmental factors and polymorphisms in CYP27B1 and IL‐13 on BC risk. Genotypes were detected using TaqMan genotyping. Combinations and interactions were analyzed using cross‐over analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Combining exposure models were assessed using classification and regression tree and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results No significant independent association was observed for any polymorphism in CYP27B1 or IL‐13 with the risk of BC. However, significant combined effects were noted for ≥1 time/wk physical activity with rs10877012 (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11‐0.39) and rs4646536 (ORadj = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.11‐0.39) in CYP27B1. Furthermore, taking garlic ≥4 times/wk, ≥1 time/wk physical activity, and a psychological index score ≥33 all displayed significant combined effects with three IL‐13 polymorphisms. These relationships remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Combining exposure models indicated that compared with consuming garlic ≥4 times/wk, five models (model 5, ORadj = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.07‐8.06; model 6, ORadj = 10.26, 95% CI = 5.81‐18.10; model 7, ORadj = 5.05, 95% CI = 2.78‐9.17; model 8, ORadj = 3.95, 95% CI = 2.79‐5.58; and model 9, ORadj = 7.97, 95% CI = 5.26‐12.07) showed a significant increased risk. Conclusions Our findings suggest that personalized adjustments to diet and behavioral patterns may aid BC prevention in variant carriers of CYP27B1 and IL‐13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jingshen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Volontovich Daria
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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