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Dong K, Wang Y, Yao Y, Yu W, Xu Z, Chen Y, Geng L, Wang S. The reduced frequency of CD39 +CD73 + B cell subsets in SLE patients is correlated with disease activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112743. [PMID: 39094356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by immune mechanisms dysregulation, leading to the production of diverse autoantibodies. However, the immune pathways underlying B-cell function and phenotypic abnormalities related to SLE pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To explore new markers of SLE activity and potential targets for SLE immunotherapy. METHODS Collect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC). Use flow cytometry to detect CD39 and CD73 expression on B cell subsets and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure adenosine (ADO) concentrations in SLE patients' serum. Compare CD39+CD73+ B cell subsets frequency and ADO concentrations in SLE patients and HC group. Additionally, analyze the correlation between CD39+CD73+ B cell subsets frequency and clinical laboratory parameters. RESULTS CD39 and CD73 are simultaneously highly expressed on CD19+ B cell subsets, with significantly lower frequency of CD39+CD73+ B cell subsets in SLE patients compared to HC group. This frequency negatively correlates with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, while positively correlating with IgM and prothrombin time (PT). Additionally, the frequency of CD39+CD73+ B cell subsets is significantly negatively correlated with IL-6 and IFN-α. In vitro cell experiments demonstrate that adenosine significantly inhibits R848-induced inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The frequency of CD39+CD73+ B cell subsets of SLE patients is decreased, correlating with clinical laboratory parameters and disease activity. Simultaneously, ADO concentration in the patients' serum is reduced. The CD39+CD73+ B cell/ADO pathway may represent a novel immunotherapy strategy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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dos Santos PMF, Díaz Acosta CC, Rosa TLSA, Ishiba MH, Dias AA, Pereira AMR, Gutierres LD, Pereira MP, da Silva Rocha M, Rosa PS, Bertoluci DFF, Meyer-Fernandes JR, da Mota Ramalho Costa F, Marques MAM, Belisle JT, Pinheiro RO, Rodrigues LS, Pessolani MCV, Berrêdo-Pinho M. Adenosine A 2A receptor as a potential regulator of Mycobacterium leprae survival mechanisms: new insights into leprosy neural damage. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399363. [PMID: 39005937 PMCID: PMC11239521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which can lead to a disabling neurodegenerative condition. M. leprae preferentially infects skin macrophages and Schwann cells-glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. The infection modifies the host cell lipid metabolism, subverting it in favor of the formation of cholesterol-rich lipid droplets (LD) that are essential for bacterial survival. Although researchers have made progress in understanding leprosy pathogenesis, many aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction still require clarification. The purinergic system utilizes extracellular ATP and adenosine as critical signaling molecules and plays several roles in pathophysiological processes. Furthermore, nucleoside surface receptors such as the adenosine receptor A2AR involved in neuroimmune response, lipid metabolism, and neuron-glia interaction are targets for the treatment of different diseases. Despite the importance of this system, nothing has been described about its role in leprosy, particularly adenosinergic signaling (AdoS) during M. leprae-Schwann cell interaction. Methods M. leprae was purified from the hind footpad of athymic nu/nu mice. ST88-14 human cells were infected with M. leprae in the presence or absence of specific agonists or antagonists of AdoS. Enzymatic activity assays, fluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR analysis were performed. M. leprae viability was investigated by RT-qPCR, and cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We demonstrated that M. leprae-infected Schwann cells upregulated CD73 and ADA and downregulated A2AR expression and the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB (p-CREB). On the other hand, activation of A2AR with its selective agonist, CGS21680, resulted in: 1) reduced lipid droplets accumulation and pro-lipogenic gene expression; 2) reduced production of IL-6 and IL-8; 3) reduced intracellular M. leprae viability; 4) increased levels of p-CREB. Conclusion These findings suggest the involvement of the AdoS in leprosy neuropathogenesis and support the idea that M. leprae, by downmodulating the expression and activity of A2AR in Schwann cells, decreases A2AR downstream signaling, contributing to the maintenance of LD accumulation and intracellular viability of the bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chyntia Carolina Díaz Acosta
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Michelle Harumi Ishiba
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Alves Dias
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa Domingos Gutierres
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melissa Pontes Pereira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Rocha
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele F. F. Bertoluci
- Divisão de Pesquisa e Ensino, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Doenças Tropicais, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Angela M. Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John T. Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Berrêdo-Pinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ghiyabi E, Arabameri A, Charmi M. Mathematical modeling of hypoxia and adenosine to explore tumor escape mechanisms in DC-based immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11387. [PMID: 38762567 PMCID: PMC11102449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying and controlling tumor escape mechanisms is crucial for improving cancer treatment effectiveness. Experimental studies reveal tumor hypoxia and adenosine as significant contributors to such mechanisms. Hypoxia exacerbates adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment. Combining inhibition of these factors with dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy promises improved clinical outcomes. However, challenges include understanding dynamics, optimal vaccine dosages, and timing. Mathematical models, including agent-based, diffusion, and ordinary differential equations, address these challenges. Here, we employ these models for the first time to elucidate how hypoxia and adenosine facilitate tumor escape in DC-based immunotherapy. After parameter estimation using experimental data, we optimize vaccination protocols to minimize tumor growth. Sensitivity analysis highlights adenosine's significant impact on immunotherapy efficacy. Its suppressive role impedes treatment success, but inhibiting adenosine could enhance therapy, as suggested by the model. Our findings shed light on hypoxia and adenosine-mediated tumor escape mechanisms, informing future treatment strategies. Additionally, identifiability analysis confirms accurate parameter determination using experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ghiyabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abazar Arabameri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Charmi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Wang X, Li H, Chen H, Fang K, Chang X. Overexpression of circulating CD38+ NK cells in colorectal cancer was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1309785. [PMID: 38463232 PMCID: PMC10921414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1309785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to the potential influence of immune system on CRC progression, investigation into lymphocyte subsets as clinical markers has gained attention. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of lymphocyte subsets in evaluating the lymph node status and prognosis of CRC. Methods Lymphocyte subsets, including T cells (CD3+), natural killer cells (NK, CD3- CD56+), natural killer-like T cells (NK-like T, CD3+ CD56+), CD38+ NK cells (CD3- CD56+ CD38+) and CD38+ NK-like T cells (CD3+ CD56+ CD38+), were detected by flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the risk factors of LNM. The prognostic role of parameters was evaluated by survival analysis. Results The proportion of CD38+ NK cells within the NK cell population was significantly higher in LNM-positive patients (p <0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed in the proportions of other lymphocyte subsets. Poorer histologic grade (odds ratio [OR] =4.76, p =0.03), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR =22.38, p <0.01), and CD38+ NK cells (high) (OR =4.54, p <0.01) were identified as independent risk factors for LNM. Furthermore, high proportion of CD38+ NK cells was associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients (HR=2.37, p =0.03). Conclusions It was demonstrated that the proportion of CD38+ NK cells was a marker overexpressed in LNM-positive patients compared with LNM-negative patients. Moreover, an elevated proportion of CD38+ NK cells is a risk factor for LNM and poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- Center for Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huixian Chen
- Center for Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kehua Fang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Center for Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Cruz FF, Pereira TCB, da Costa KM, Bonan CD, Bogo MR, Morrone FB. Effect of adenosine treatment on ionizing radiation toxicity in zebrafish early life stages. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:521-534. [PMID: 37480487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The danger of ionizing radiation exposure to human health is a concern. Since its wide use in medicine and industry, the development of radioprotectors has been very significant. Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory actions and promotes tissue protection and repair, by activating the P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an appropriate tool in the fields of toxicology and pharmacology, including the evaluation of radiobiological outcomes and in the search for radioprotector agents. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adenosine in the toxicity induced by radiation in zebrafish. Embryos were treated with 1, 10, or 100 µM adenosine, 30 min before the exposure to 15 Gy of gamma radiation. Adenosine potentiated the effects of radiation in heart rate, body length, and pericardial edema. We evaluated oxidative stress, tissue remodeling and inflammatory. It was seen that 100 µM adenosine reversed the inflammation induced by radiation, and that A2A2 and A2B receptors are involved in these anti-inflammatory effects. Our results indicate that P1R activation could be a promising pharmacological strategy for radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandes Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kesiane Mayra da Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Elsaghir A, El-Sabaa EMW, Zahran AM, Mandour SA, Salama EH, Aboulfotuh S, El-Morshedy RM, Tocci S, Mandour AM, Ali WE, Abdel-Wahid L, Sayed IM, El-Mokhtar MA. Elevated CD39+T-Regulatory Cells and Reduced Levels of Adenosine Indicate a Role for Tolerogenic Signals in the Progression from Moderate to Severe COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17614. [PMID: 38139439 PMCID: PMC10744088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections trigger inflammation by controlling ATP release. CD39 ectoenzymes hydrolyze ATP/ADP to AMP, which is converted by CD73 into anti-inflammatory adenosine (ADO). ADO is an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant molecule which can enhance viral persistence and severity. The CD39-CD73-adenosine axis contributes to the immunosuppressive T-reg microenvironment and may affect COVID-19 disease progression. Here, we investigated the link between CD39 expression, mostly on T-regs, and levels of CD73, adenosine, and adenosine receptors with COVID-19 severity and progression. Our study included 73 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, of which 33 were moderately affected and 40 suffered from severe infection. A flow cytometric analysis was used to analyze the frequency of T-regulatory cells (T-regs), CD39+ T-regs, and CD39+CD4+ T-cells. Plasma concentrations of adenosine, IL-10, and TGF-β were quantified via an ELISA. An RT-qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression of CD73 and adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). T-reg cells were higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (7.4 ± 0.79 vs. 2.4 ± 0.28; p < 0.0001). Patients also had a higher frequency of the CD39+ T-reg subset. In addition, patients who suffered from a severe form of the disease had higher CD39+ T-regs compared with moderately infected patients. CD39+CD4+ T cells were increased in patients compared to the control group. An analysis of serum adenosine levels showed a marked decrease in their levels in patients, particularly those suffering from severe illness. However, this was paralleled with a marked decline in the expression levels of CD73. IL-10 and TGF-β levels were higher in COVID-19; in addition, their values were also higher in the severe group. In conclusion, there are distinct immunological alterations in CD39+ lymphocyte subsets and a dysregulation in the adenosine signaling pathway in COVID-19 patients which may contribute to immune dysfunction and disease progression. Understanding these immunological alterations in the different immune cell subsets and adenosine signaling provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elsaghir
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ehsan M. W. El-Sabaa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sahar A. Mandour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Salama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Sahar Aboulfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Reham M. El-Morshedy
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Stefania Tocci
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Mandour
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wael Esmat Ali
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Lobna Abdel-Wahid
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Zhang M, Dai X, Xiang Y, Xie L, Sun M, Shi J. Advances in CD73 inhibitors for immunotherapy: Antibodies, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115546. [PMID: 37302340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumors, a disease with a high mortality rate worldwide, have become a serious threat to human health. Exonucleotide-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is an emerging target for tumor therapy. Its inhibition can significantly reduce adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment. It has a better therapeutic effect on adenosine-induced immunosuppression. In the immune response, extracellular ATP exerts immune efficacy by activating T cells. However, dead tumor cells release excess ATP, overexpress CD39 and CD73 on the cell membrane and catabolize this ATP to adenosine. This leads to further immunosuppression. There are a number of inhibitors of CD73 currently under investigation. These include antibodies, synthetic small molecule inhibitors and a number of natural compounds with prominent roles in the anti-tumor field. However, only a small proportion of the CD73 inhibitors studied to date have successfully reached the clinical stage. Therefore, effective and safe inhibition of CD73 in oncology therapy still holds great therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the currently reported CD73 inhibitors, describes their inhibitory effects and pharmacological mechanisms, and provides a brief review of them. It aims to provide more information for further research and development of CD73 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Kurt Z, Çimen D, Denizli A, Bereli N. Development of Optical-Based Molecularly Imprinted Nanosensors for Adenosine Detection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18839-18850. [PMID: 37273602 PMCID: PMC10233842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine nucleoside is an important molecule in human physiology. The levels of adenosine nucleoside in urine and plasma are directly or indirectly related to diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In the present study, adenosine-imprinted and non-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid) (poly(HEMA-MAA)) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanosensors were prepared for the determination of adenosine nucleoside. First, MAA/adenosine pre-polymerization complexes were prepared at different molar ratios using adenosine as a template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, and SPR nanosensor surfaces were optimized by determining the highest imprinting factor of the chip surfaces. The surfaces of adenosine-imprinted and non-imprinted SPR nanosensors were characterized by using atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. Kinetic analyses were made with different concentrations in the range of 0.5-400.0 nM for the detection range with a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. The limit of detection in adenosine aqueous solutions, artificial plasma, and artificial urine was determined to be 0.018, 0.015, and 0.013 nM, respectively. In the selectivity analysis of the developed nanosensors, the selectivity of adenosine SPR nanosensors in solutions at different concentrations was determined by using guanosine and cytidine nucleosides. The relative selectivity coefficients of adenosine-imprinted SPR nanosensors for adenosine/cytidine and adenosine/guanosine are 3.836 and 3.427, respectively. Since adenosine-imprinted SPR nanosensors are intended to be used in medical analysis and research, adenosine analysis has also been studied in artificial urine and artificial plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra
Tuğçe Kurt
- Bioengineering
Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Duygu Çimen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Light, Water, and Melatonin: The Synergistic Regulation of Phase Separation in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065835. [PMID: 36982909 PMCID: PMC10054283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The swift rise in acceptance of molecular principles defining phase separation by a broad array of scientific disciplines is shadowed by increasing discoveries linking phase separation to pathological aggregations associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, that contribute to dementia. Phase separation is powered by multivalent macromolecular interactions. Importantly, the release of water molecules from protein hydration shells into bulk creates entropic gains that promote phase separation and the subsequent generation of insoluble cytotoxic aggregates that drive healthy brain cells into diseased states. Higher viscosity in interfacial waters and limited hydration in interiors of biomolecular condensates facilitate phase separation. Light, water, and melatonin constitute an ancient synergy that ensures adequate protein hydration to prevent aberrant phase separation. The 670 nm visible red wavelength found in sunlight and employed in photobiomodulation reduces interfacial and mitochondrial matrix viscosity to enhance ATP production via increasing ATP synthase motor efficiency. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that lowers viscosity to increase ATP by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Reduced viscosity by light and melatonin elevates the availability of free water molecules that allow melatonin to adopt favorable conformations that enhance intrinsic features, including binding interactions with adenosine that reinforces the adenosine moiety effect of ATP responsible for preventing water removal that causes hydrophobic collapse and aggregation in phase separation. Precise recalibration of interspecies melatonin dosages that account for differences in metabolic rates and bioavailability will ensure the efficacious reinstatement of the once-powerful ancient synergy between light, water, and melatonin in a modern world.
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Sayegh MN, Cooney KA, Han WM, Cicka M, Strobel F, Wang L, García AJ, Levit RD. Hydrogel delivery of purinergic enzymes improves cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 176:98-109. [PMID: 36764383 PMCID: PMC10006353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The innate immune response contributes to cardiac injury in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Neutrophils are an important early part of the innate immune response to MI/R. Adenosine, an endogenous purine, is a known innate immune modulator and inhibitor of neutrophil activation. However, its delivery to the heart is limited by its short half-life (<30 s) and off-target side effects. CD39 and CD73 are anti-inflammatory homeostatic enzymes that can generate adenosine from phosphorylated adenosine substrate such as ATP released from injured tissue. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that hydrogel-delivered CD39 and CD73 target the local early innate immune response, reduce neutrophil activation, and preserve cardiac function in MI/R injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We engineered a poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) hydrogel loaded with the adenosine-generating enzymes CD39 and CD73. We incubated the hydrogels with neutrophils in vitro and showed a reduction in hydrogen peroxide production using Amplex Red. We demonstrated availability of substrate for the enzymes in the myocardium in MI/R by LC/MS, and tested release kinetics from the hydrogel. On echocardiography, global longitudinal strain (GLS) was preserved in MI/R hearts treated with the loaded hydrogel. Delivery of purinergic enzymes via this synthetic hydrogel resulted in lower innate immune infiltration into the myocardium post-MI/R, decreased markers of macrophage and neutrophil activation (NETosis), and decreased leukocyte-platelet complexes in circulation. CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of MI/R injury, CD39 and CD73 delivered via a hydrogel preserve cardiac function by modulating the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Sayegh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Cooney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Markus Cicka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Frederick Strobel
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kong LR, Chen XH, Sun Q, Zhang KY, Xu L, Ding L, Zhou YP, Zhang ZB, Lin JR, Gao PJ. Loss of C3a and C5a receptors promotes adipocyte browning and attenuates diet-induced obesity via activating inosine/A2aR pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112078. [PMID: 36735535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement activation is thought to underline the pathologic progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, its role in adaptive thermogenesis has scarcely been explored. Here, we identify complement C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) as critical switches to control adipocyte browning and energy balance in male mice. Loss of C3aR and C5aR in combination, more than individually, increases cold-induced adipocyte browning and attenuates diet-induced obesity in male mice. Mechanistically, loss of C3aR and C5aR increases regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue during cold exposure or high-fat diet. Activated Tregs produce adenosine, which is converted to inosine by adipocyte-derived adenosine deaminases. Inosine promotes adipocyte browning in a manner dependent on activating adenosine A2a receptor. These data reveal a regulatory mechanism of complement in controlling adaptive thermogenesis and suggest that targeting the C3aR/C5aR pathways may represent a therapeutic strategy in treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Rong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tomar Y, Gorantla S, Singhvi G. Insight into the pivotal role of signaling pathways in psoriasis pathogenesis, potential therapeutic molecules and drug delivery approaches. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103465. [PMID: 36481585 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune skin disorder, the exact cause of which is still under investigation. It is classified into different types displaying various histopathological features such as hyperproliferation, irregular parakeratosis and vascular infiltration of various immune cells with neutrophils in the epidermis. Over the past few decades, psoriasis pathogenesis has been thoroughly researched, leading to several advances in the treatment using small molecules and biologics. This review focuses on describing the role of various signaling pathways, including PDE-4, JAK-STAT, S1P, A3AR and NF-κB, in psoriasis pathogenesis and associated new molecules that are either recently approved or under clinical trials. This study has also addressed the relevance of employing nanotherapeutics to boost the efficacy of psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Tomar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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Gallo D, Bruno A, Gallazzi M, Cattaneo SAM, Veronesi G, Genoni A, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Passi A, Piantanida E, Mortara L. Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and selenium supplementation in newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients during methimazole treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145811. [PMID: 37124743 PMCID: PMC10141462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methimazole (MMI) represents the conventional therapeutic agent for Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism, but MMI efficacy is limited since it marginally affects the underlying autoimmune process. In a previous study, we randomly assigned 42 newly diagnosed GD patients with insufficient vitamin D (VitD) and selenium (Se) levels to treatment with MMI alone (standard) or combined with selenomethionine and cholecalciferol (intervention) and observed a prompter resolution of hyperthyroidism in the intervention group. Methods In the present study, we aimed to explore changes in peripheral T regulatory (Treg) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell frequency, circulating NK cell subset distribution and function, during treatment. Results At baseline, circulating total CD3-CD56+NK cells and CD56bright NK cells were significantly higher in GD patients than in healthy controls (HC) (15.7 ± 9.6% vs 9.9 ± 5.6%, p=0.001; 12.2 ± 10.3% vs 7.3 ± 4.1%, p=0.02, respectively); no differences emerged in Treg cell frequency. Frequencies of total NK cells and CD56bright NK cells expressing the activation marker CD69 were significantly higher in GD patients than in HC, while total NK cells and CD56dim NK cells expressing CD161 (inhibitory receptor) were significantly lower. When co-cultured with the K562 target cell, NK cells from GD patients had a significantly lower degranulation ability compared to HC (p<0.001). Following 6 months of treatment, NK cells decreased in both the intervention and MMI-alone groups, but significantly more in the intervention group (total NK: -10.3%, CI 95% -15.8; -4.8% vs -3.6%, CI 95% -9; 1.8%, p=0.09 and CD56bright NK cells: -6.5%, CI 95% -10.1; -3 vs -0.9%, CI 95% -4.4; 2%, p=0.03). Compared to baseline, CD69+ NK cells significantly decreased, while degranulation ability slightly improved, although no differences emerged between the two treatment groups. Compared to baseline, Treg cell frequency increased exclusively in the intervention group (+1.1%, CI 95% 0.4; 1.7%). Discussion This pilot study suggested that VitD and Se supplementation, in GD patients receiving MMI treatment, modulates Treg and NK cell frequency, favoring a more pronounced reduction of NK cells and the increase of Treg cells, compared to MMI alone. Even if further studies are needed, it is possible to speculate that this immunomodulatory action might have facilitated the prompter and better control of hyperthyroidism in the supplemented group observed in the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemical Analysis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenzo Mortara,
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Naasani LIS, Pretto L, Zanatelli C, Paim TC, Souza AFD, Pase PF, Fernandes MDC, Sévigny J, Wink MR. Bioscaffold developed with decellularized human amniotic membrane seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells: assessment of efficacy and safety profiles in a second-degree burn preclinical model. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36327453 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9ff4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Therapies to deep burn injuries remain a global challenge. Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is a biomaterial that has been increasingly explored by the field of regenerative medicine. A decellularized hAM (DhAM) can be used as scaffold for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to grow without the loss of their stemness potential, allowing its application as cell therapy for wound healing. In this work, we associated DhAM with adipose-derived MSCs (DhAM + AD-MSCs), as a therapy strategy for second-degree burns in a preclinical model. Animals with induced second-degree burns were divided into four groups: control, which consists of a non-adherent gauze; a synthetic commercial dressing as the positive control (Control+); DhAM; and DhAM plus rat AD-MSCs (DhAM + AD-MSCs), followed by detailed and long term analysis (5 weeks). The macroscopical analysis showed the healing improvement in the wound area after the DhAM + AD-MSC treatment. Histological analysis also showed no alteration in the animal organs and a regular epithelial progression in comparison to the control. This observation was also confirmed by the analysis of suprabasal layers in the neoepidermis with CK10, showing a stratified and differentiated epithelium, when compared to Control and Control+. A strong CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) labeling was observed in the first 2 weeks postburn in dermis and epidermis. The expression in dermis was stronger in the second week in the middle of the wound, when comparing the Control+ with DhAM + AD-MSCs (p= 0.0238). In the epidermis the expression of CD73 was increased in all regions when compared to the control. This data suggests the involvement of this protein on wound healing. A low CD11b labeling was observed in DhAM + AD-MSCs treatment group mainly in the last treatment week, in comparison to Control and Control+ (p< 0.0001), which indicates a reduction in the inflammatory process. MSCs through CD73 can release high concentrations of adenosine, an immunosuppressive molecule, suggesting that this could be the mechanism by which the inflammation was better modulated in the DhAM + AD-MSCs group. The results obtained with this preclinical model confirm the effectiveness and safety of this low-cost and highly available dressing for future clinical application as a therapy for burn treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ivet Sous Naasani
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Pretto
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Zanatelli
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Casagrande Paim
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Francielle Damo Souza
- Banco de Tecidos Humanos-Pele Dr. Roberto Corrêa Chem, Hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre-ISCMPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Fagundes Pase
- Cirurgia Plástica-Hospital de Pronto Socorro e Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilda Da Cruz Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Adenosine and L-proline can possibly hinder Chinese Sacbrood virus infection in honey bees via immune modulation. Virology 2022; 573:29-38. [PMID: 35691116 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sacbrood virus (SBV) infects larvae of honey bees, resulting in infected larvae becoming fluid-filled sacs. Our previous studies showed that the extract of herbal medicine, Radix Isatidis, could inhibit Chinese SBV (CSBV) infection in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana). Here, two compounds, adenosine and L-proline, which were previously reported to be associated with immune modulation, were identified in R. Isatidis extract and then selected for an evaluation of their antiviral effect on CSBV infection in A. cerana. Our results revealed that both adenosine and L-proline could significantly mitigate the impact of CSBV on the growth and development of infected larvae and modulate hosts' immune responses by downregulating the expression of immune genes in infected larvae. The results gained from this study suggest that adenosine and L-proline could possibly interfere CSBV infection via immune modulation to avoid exacerbations and nonspecific damage to infected larvae's own tissues.
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NAD-catabolizing ectoenzymes of Schistosoma mansoni. Biochem J 2022; 479:1165-1180. [PMID: 35593185 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with schistosomes (blood flukes) can result in the debilitating disease schistosomiasis. These parasites survive in their host for many years, and we hypothesize that proteins on their tegumental surface, interacting with the host microenvironment, facilitate longevity. One such ectoenzyme - the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase SmNPP5 can cleave ADP (to prevent platelet aggregation) and NAD (likely preventing Treg apoptosis). A second tegumental ectoenzyme, the glycohydrolase SmNACE, also catabolizes NAD. Here, we undertake a comparative biochemical characterization of these parasite ectoenzymes. Both are GPI-linked and exhibit different optimal pH ranges. While SmNPP5 requires divalent cations, SmNACE does not. The Km values of the two enzymes for NAD at physiological pH differ: SmNPP5, Km=340µM±44; SmNACE, Km=49µM±4. NAD cleavage by each enzyme yields different products. SmNPP5 cleaves NAD to form nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and AMP, whereas SmNACE cleaves NAD to generate nicotinamide (NAM) and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR). Each enzyme can process the other's reaction product. Thus, SmNACE cleaves NMN (to yield NAM and ribose phosphate) and SmNPP5 cleaves ADPR (yielding AMP and ribose phosphate). Metabolomic analysis of plasma containing adult worms supports the idea that these cleavage pathways are active in vivo. We hypothesize that a primary function of SmNPP5 is to cleave NAD to control host immune cell function and a primary function of SmNACE is to cleave NMN to generate the vital nutrient nicotinamide (vitamin B3) for convenient uptake by the worms. Chemical inhibition of one or both ectoenzymes could upset worm metabolism and control schistosome infection.
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Identification and validation of ecto-5' nucleotidase as an immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:50. [PMID: 35365613 PMCID: PMC8976016 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with multiple myeloma (MM) cells, T- or NK-effector cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment induces tumor cell growth, as well as inhibits innate and adaptive immune responses. Defining pDC-MM interaction-triggered immunosuppressive mechanism(s) will enable design of interventional therapies to augment anti-MM immunity. In the present study, we show that pDC-MM interactions induce metabolic enzyme Ecto-5' Nucleotidase/CD73 in both pDCs and MM cells. Gene expression database from MM patients showed that CD73 levels inversely correlate with overall survival. Using our pDC-MM coculture models, we found that blockade of CD73 with anti-CD73 Abs: decreases adenosine levels; activates MM patient pDCs; triggers cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity against autologous patient MM cells. Combination of anti-CD73 Abs and an immune-stimulating agent TLR-7 agonist enhances autologous MM-specific CD8+ CTL activity. Taken together, our preclinical data suggest that the therapeutic targeting of CD73, alone or in combination with TLR-7 agonist, represents a promising novel strategy to restore host anti-MM immunity.
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Mesenchymal stem cells transfer mitochondria to allogeneic Tregs in an HLA-dependent manner improving their immunosuppressive activity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:856. [PMID: 35165293 PMCID: PMC8844425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapies can provide safe and effective treatments for various disorders including autoimmunity, cancer, and excessive proinflammatory events in sepsis or viral infections. However, to achieve this goal there is a need for deeper understanding of mechanisms of the intercellular interactions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a lymphocyte subset that maintain peripheral tolerance, whilst mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent nonhematopoietic progenitor cells. Despite coming from different origins, Tregs and MSCs share immunoregulatory properties that have been tested in clinical trials. Here we demonstrate how direct and indirect contact with allogenic MSCs improves Tregs’ potential for accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine and suppression of conventional T cell proliferation, making them more potent therapeutic tools. Our results also demonstrate that direct communication between Tregs and MSCs is based on transfer of active mitochondria and fragments of plasma membrane from MSCs to Tregs, an event that is HLA-dependent and associates with HLA-C and HLA-DRB1 eplet mismatch load between Treg and MSC donors. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both cell populations capable of immune tolerance induction. Here the authors show that the transfer of mitochondria from mesenchymal stem cells to allogeneic Treg cells in an HLA-dependent manner results in enhanced immunosuppressive functions of Treg cells.
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Srimadh Bhagavatham SK, Potikuri D, Sivaramakrishnan V. Adenosine deaminase and cytokines associated with infectious diseases as risk factors for inflammatory arthritis and methotrexate as a potential prophylactic agent. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Gentile C, Finizio A, Froechlich G, D’Alise AM, Cotugno G, Amiranda S, Nicosia A, Scarselli E, Zambrano N, Sasso E. Generation of a Retargeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus Encoding Adenosine Deaminase for Tumor Adenosine Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413521. [PMID: 34948316 PMCID: PMC8705735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses are immunotherapeutic agents that can be engineered to encode payloads of interest within the tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Their therapeutic potential could be limited by many avenues for immune evasion exerted by the tumor. One such is mediated by adenosine, which induces pleiotropic immunosuppression by inhibiting antitumor immune populations as well as activating tolerogenic stimuli. Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73. Cancer cells express high levels of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes, thus converting immunostimulatory purinergic signal of ATP into an immunosuppressive signal. For this reason, CD39, CD73 and adenosine receptors are currently investigated in clinical trials as targets for metabolic cancer immunotherapy. This is of particular relevance in the context of oncovirotherapy, as immunogenic cell death induced by oncolytic viruses causes the secretion of a high amount of ATP which is available to be quickly converted into adenosine. Methods: Here, we took advantage of adenosine deaminase enzyme that naturally converts adenosine into the corresponding inosine derivative, devoid of immunoregulatory function. We encoded ADA into an oncolytic targeted herpes virus redirected to human HER2. An engineered ADA with an ectopic signal peptide was also generated to improve enzyme secretion (ADA-SP). Results: Insertion of the expression cassette was not detrimental for viral yield and cancer cell cytotoxicity. The THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP successfully mediated the secretion of functional ADA enzyme. In in vitro model of human monocytes THP1, this ability of THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP resulted in the retrieval of eADO-exposed monocytes replication rate, suggesting the proficiency of the viruses in rescuing the immune function. Conclusions: Encoding ADA into oncolytic viruses revealed promising properties for preclinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gentile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Finizio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Morena D’Alise
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gabriella Cotugno
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarselli
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Pan T, Han D, Xu Y, Peng W, Bai L, Zhou X, He H. LC-MS Based Metabolomics Study of the Effects of EGCG on A549 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732716. [PMID: 34650434 PMCID: PMC8505700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive catechin in green tea. The antitumor activity of EGCG has been confirmed in various types of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the precise underlying mechanisms are still largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the metabolite changes in A549 cells induced by EGCG in vitro utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. The result revealed 33 differentially expressed metabolites between untreated and 80 μM EGCG-treated A549 cells. The altered metabolites were involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acid, nucleotide, glutathione, and vitamin. Two markedly altered pathways, including glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, were identified by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 metabolic pathway analysis. These results may provide potential clues for the intramolecular mechanisms of EGCG’s effect on A549 cells. Our study may contribute to future molecular mechanistic studies of EGCG and the therapeutic application of EGCG in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenpan Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Bai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailang He
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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23
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78495111110.1152/physrev.00046.2020" />
Abstract
This medical review addresses the hypothesis that CD38/NADase is at the center of a functional axis (i.e., intracellular Ca2+ mobilization/IFNγ response/reactive oxygen species burst) driven by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, as already verified in respiratory syncytial virus pathology and CD38 activity in other cellular settings. Key features of the hypothesis are that 1) the substrates of CD38 (e.g., NAD+ and NADP+) are depleted by viral-induced metabolic changes; 2) the products of the enzymatic activity of CD38 [e.g., cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPR)/ADPR/nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate] and related enzymes [e.g., poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, Sirtuins, and ADP-ribosyl hydrolase] are involved in the anti‐viral and proinflammatory response that favors the onset of lung immunopathology (e.g., cytokine storm and organ fibrosis); and 3) the pathological changes induced by this kinetic mechanism may be reduced by distinct modulators of the CD38/NAD+ axis (e.g., CD38 blockers, NAD+ suppliers, among others). This view is supported by arrays of associative basic and applied research data that are herein discussed and integrated with conclusions reported by others in the field of inflammatory, immune, tumor, and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L. Horenstein
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo C. Faini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
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24
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Jones GH, Vecera CM, Pinjari OF, Machado-Vieira R. Inflammatory signaling mechanisms in bipolar disorder. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:45. [PMID: 34112182 PMCID: PMC8194019 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease, and likely explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses seen in this population. While individual systems have been intensely studied and targeted, a relative paucity of attention has been given to the interconnecting role of inflammatory signals therein. This review presents an updated overview of some of the most prominent pathophysiologic mechanisms in bipolar disorder, from mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticular, and calcium homeostasis, to purinergic, kynurenic, and hormonal/neurotransmitter signaling, showing inflammation to act as a powerful nexus between these systems. Several areas with a high degree of mechanistic convergence within this paradigm are highlighted to present promising future targets for therapeutic development and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Omar F Pinjari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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25
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Dragić M, Zeljković M, Stevanović I, Adžić M, Stekić A, Mihajlović K, Grković I, Ilić N, Ilić TV, Nedeljković N, Ninković M. Downregulation of CD73/A 2AR-Mediated Adenosine Signaling as a Potential Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effects of Theta-Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060736. [PMID: 34205965 PMCID: PMC8227256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by autoimmune-mediated inflammation in the central nervous system. Purinergic signaling is critically involved in MS-associated neuroinflammation and its most widely applied animal model—experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A promising but poorly understood approach in the treatment of MS is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of continuous theta-burst stimulation (CTBS), applied over frontal cranial bone, on the adenosine-mediated signaling system in EAE, particularly on CD73/A2AR/A1R in the context of neuroinflammatory activation of glial cells. EAE was induced in two-month-old female DA rats and in the disease peak treated with CTBS protocol for ten consecutive days. Lumbosacral spinal cord was analyzed immunohistochemically for adenosine-mediated signaling components and pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. We found downregulated IL-1β and NF- κB-ir and upregulated IL-10 pointing towards a reduction in the neuroinflammatory process in EAE animals after CTBS treatment. Furthermore, CTBS attenuated EAE-induced glial eN/CD73 expression and activity, while inducing a shift in A2AR expression from glia to neurons, contrary to EAE, where tight coupling of eN/CD73 and A2AR on glial cells is observed. Finally, increased glial A1R expression following CTBS supports anti-inflammatory adenosine actions and potentially contributes to the overall neuroprotective effect observed in EAE animals after CTBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Milica Zeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Ivana Stevanović
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (M.N.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Adžić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Andjela Stekić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Katarina Mihajlović
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nela Ilić
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilić
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (K.M.); (N.N.)
| | - Milica Ninković
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.S.); (M.N.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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26
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Abstract
This medical review addresses the hypothesis that CD38/NADase is at the center of a functional axis (i.e., intracellular Ca2+ mobilization/IFNγ response/reactive oxygen species burst) driven by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, as already verified in respiratory syncytial virus pathology and CD38 activity in other cellular settings. Key features of the hypothesis are that 1) the substrates of CD38 (e.g., NAD+ and NADP+) are depleted by viral-induced metabolic changes; 2) the products of the enzymatic activity of CD38 [e.g., cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPR)/ADPR/nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate] and related enzymes [e.g., poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, Sirtuins, and ADP-ribosyl hydrolase] are involved in the anti‐viral and proinflammatory response that favors the onset of lung immunopathology (e.g., cytokine storm and organ fibrosis); and 3) the pathological changes induced by this kinetic mechanism may be reduced by distinct modulators of the CD38/NAD+ axis (e.g., CD38 blockers, NAD+ suppliers, among others). This view is supported by arrays of associative basic and applied research data that are herein discussed and integrated with conclusions reported by others in the field of inflammatory, immune, tumor, and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto L Horenstein
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo C Faini
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; and Centro Ricerca Medicina, Sperimentale (CeRMS) and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus, Turin, Italy
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27
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Katsuyama E, Suarez-Fueyo A, Bradley SJ, Mizui M, Marin AV, Mulki L, Krishfield S, Malavasi F, Yoon J, Sui SJH, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. The CD38/NAD/SIRTUIN1/EZH2 Axis Mitigates Cytotoxic CD8 T Cell Function and Identifies Patients with SLE Prone to Infections. Cell Rep 2021; 30:112-123.e4. [PMID: 31914379 PMCID: PMC7577012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer frequent infections that account for significant morbidity and mortality. T cell cytotoxic responses are decreased in patients with SLE, yet the responsible molecular events are largely unknown. We find an expanded CD8CD38high T cell subset in a sub-group of patients with increased rates of infections. CD8CD38high T cells from healthy subjects and patients with SLE display decreased cytotoxic capacity, degranulation, and expression of granzymes A and B and perforin. The key cytotoxicity-related transcription factors T-bet, RUNX3, and EOMES are decreased in CD8CD38high T cells. CD38 leads to increased acetylated EZH2 through inhibition of the deacetylase Sirtuin1. Acetylated EZH2 represses RUNX3 expression, whereas inhibition of EZH2 restores CD8 T cell cytotoxic responses. We propose that high levels of CD38 lead to decreased CD8 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and increased propensity to infections in patients with SLE, a process that can be reversed pharmacologically. Katsuyama et al. find that an expanded CD8CD38high T cell population in SLE patients is linked to infections. CD8CD38high T cells display decreased cytotoxic capacity by suppressing the expression of related molecules through an NAD+/Sirtuin1/EZH2 pathway. EZH2 inhibitors increase cytotoxicity offering a means to mitigate infection rates in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Katsuyama
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abel Suarez-Fueyo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean J Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana V Marin
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lama Mulki
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Krishfield
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Joon Yoon
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Hu Y, Kong D, Qin Y, Yu D, Jin W, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Li G, Hao J, Zhang B, Pang Z, Wang H. CD73 expression is critical to therapeutic effects of human endometrial regenerative cells in inhibition of cardiac allograft rejection in mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:465-478. [PMID: 33124777 PMCID: PMC7900594 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly found mesenchymal‐like endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) have been proved to induce immune tolerance in cardiac allograft transplantation. However, the therapeutic mechanism is not clear. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73) expression on ERCs is critical to cardiac allograft protection. C57BL/6 mouse recipients receiving BALB/c mouse cardiac allografts were treated with unmodified ERCs or anti‐CD73 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) pretreated ERCs, respectively. It has been found that CD73 expression was critical to ERC‐induced attenuation of graft pathology. The blockage of CD73 expression on ERCs was related to the percentage decline of tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol‐DCs), macrophages type 2 (M2), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). As compared with anti‐CD73 mAb pretreated ERCs group, CD73 expressing ERCs significantly increased the level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 but decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. In addition, CD73 expressing ERCs showed tissue protective function via the regulation of adenosine receptor expression which was related to the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the allografts. Furthermore, significant increase of A2B receptors in the cardiac allograft was also associated with CD73 expressing ERC‐induced prolongation of cardiac allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingding Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoren Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Pang
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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29
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Magni G, Ceruti S. Adenosine Signaling in Autoimmune Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090260. [PMID: 32971792 PMCID: PMC7558305 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular components of the purinergic system (i.e., receptors, metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters) are widely expressed in the cells of the immune system. Additionally, high concentrations of adenosine are generated from the hydrolysis of ATP in any "danger" condition, when oxygen and energy availability dramatically drops. Therefore, adenosine acts as a retaliatory metabolite to counteract the nucleotide-mediated boost of the immune reaction. Based on this observation, it can be foreseen that the recruitment with selective agonists of the receptors involved in the immunomodulatory effect of adenosine might represent an innovative anti-inflammatory approach with potential exploitation in autoimmune disorders. Quite surprisingly, pro-inflammatory activity exerted by some adenosine receptors has been also identified, thus paving the way for the hypothesis that at least some autoimmune disorders may be caused by a derailment of adenosine signaling. In this review article, we provide a general overview of the roles played by adenosine on immune cells with a specific focus on the development of adenosine-based therapies for autoimmune disorders, as demonstrated by the exciting data from concluded and ongoing clinical trials.
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Roccatello D, Fenoglio R, Sciascia S, Naretto C, Rossi D, Ferro M, Barreca A, Malavasi F, Baldovino S. CD38 and Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies in AL Amyloidosis: Targeting Plasma Cells and beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4129. [PMID: 32531894 PMCID: PMC7312896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) is a rare systemic disease characterized by monoclonal light chains (LCs) depositing in tissue as insoluble fibrils, causing irreversible tissue damage. The mechanisms involved in aggregation and deposition of LCs are not fully understood, but CD138/38 plasma cells (PCs) are undoubtedly involved in monoclonal LC production.CD38 is a pleiotropic molecule detectable on the surface of PCs and maintained during the neoplastic transformation in multiple myeloma (MM). CD38 is expressed on T, B and NK cell populations as well, though at a lower cell surface density. CD38 is an ideal target in the management of PC dyscrasia, including AL amyloidosis, and indeed anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have promising therapeutic potential. Anti-CD38 MoAbs act both as PC-depleting agents and as modulators of the balance of the immune cells. These aspects, together with their interaction with Fc receptors (FcRs) and neonatal FcRs, are specifically addressed in this paper. Moreover, the initiallyavailable experiences with the anti-CD38 MoAb DARA in AL amyloidosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Roccatello
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Carla Naretto
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Michela Ferro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonella Barreca
- Pathology Division, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Simone Baldovino
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit & CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), Coordinating Center of the Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital of Turin, and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (R.F.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (D.R.); (M.F.); (S.B.)
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Eberhardt N, Sanmarco LM, Bergero G, Favaloro RR, Vigliano C, Aoki MP. HIF-1α and CD73 expression in cardiac leukocytes correlates with the severity of myocarditis in end-stage Chagas disease patients. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:233-244. [PMID: 32450615 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0420-125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is the main infectious myocarditis worldwide. Almost 30% of Trypanosoma cruzi infected individuals develop slow and progressive myocarditis that leads to ventricular dilation and heart failure. Heart transplantation is an established, valuable therapeutic option for end-stage Chagas disease patients. Although the pathophysiology of Chagas disease has been addressed for decades by numerous groups, the cardiac immunologic mechanisms involved in the progression of clinical manifestation are still unknown. Growing evidence demonstrates that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays indispensable roles in driving immune response by triggering the expression of CD73 purinergic ecto-enzyme. Purinergic system controls the duration and magnitude of purine signals directed to modulate immune cells through the conversion of extracellular ATP (microbicide/proinflammatory) to the immunoregulatory metabolite adenosine. In the present work, we described that infiltrating leukocytes within cardiac explants from patients with end-stage Chagas cardiomyopathy up-regulated HIF-1α and CD73 expression. Moreover, the number of HIF-1α+ and CD73+ leukocytes positively correlated with the myocarditis severity and the local parasite load. Furthermore, we demonstrated a direct relationship between tissue parasite persistence and the influx of immune cells to the infected hearts, which ultimately determine the severity of the myocarditis. These findings provide evidence that CD73-dependent regulatory pathways are locally triggered in the myocardium of patients with end-stage Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Maria Sanmarco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto René Favaloro
- Departamento de Cirugía cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vigliano
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Jamwal S, Mittal A, Kumar P, Alhayani DM, Al-Aboudi A. Therapeutic Potential of Agonists and Antagonists of A1, A2a, A2b and A3 Adenosine Receptors. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2892-2905. [PMID: 31333104 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and an essential component of the energy production and utilization systems of the body. Adenosine is formed by the degradation of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) during energy-consuming processes. Adenosine regulates numerous physiological processes through activation of four subtypes of G-protein coupled membrane receptors viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Its physiological importance depends on the affinity of these receptors and the extracellular concentrations reached. ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, ATP is involved in chemical transmission in sensory and autonomic ganglia, whereas in central nervous system, ATP, released from synaptic terminals, induces fast excitatory postsynaptic currents. ATP provides the energetics for all muscle movements, heart beats, nerve signals and chemical reactions inside the body. Adenosine has been traditionally considered an inhibitor of neuronal activity and a regulator of cerebral blood flow. Since adenosine is neuroprotective against excitotoxic and metabolic dysfunctions observed in neurological and ocular diseases, the search for adenosinerelated drugs regulating adenosine transporters and receptors can be important for advancement of therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review will summarize the therapeutic potential and recent SAR and pharmacology of adenosine and its receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Baddi, India
| | - Ashish Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.R.S. Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Dana M Alhayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box - 1, 19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amal Al-Aboudi
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Is There a Future for Anti-CD38 Antibody Therapy in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases? Cells 2019; 9:cells9010077. [PMID: 31892266 PMCID: PMC7016693 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a type II glycoprotein highly expressed on plasmablasts, short-lived and long-lived plasma cells, but weakly expressed on other lymphoid cells, myeloid cells and non-hematopoietic cells. This expression pattern makes CD38 an interesting target for a targeted therapy aiming to deplete antibody-producing plasma cells. We present data suggesting that anti-CD38 therapy may be effective for the prevention at the preclinical stage and for the treatment of established autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren’s syndrome and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Given the high unmet need for efficacious disease-modifying treatment in these diseases, studies are warranted to determine if anti-CD38 antibody-based therapies may delay or prevent the disease progression of systemic autoimmune diseases.
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34
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Immune checkpoint molecules. Possible future therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, Braidy N, Bennett J, Broom S, Watson J. A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:257. [PMID: 31572171 PMCID: PMC6751327 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that active maintenance of optimal levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is beneficial in conditions of either increased NAD+ turnover or inadequate synthesis, including Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders and the aging process. While studies have documented the efficacy of some NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) in raising plasma NAD+, no data are currently available on the fate of directly infused NAD+ in a human cohort. This study, therefore, documented changes in plasma and urine levels of NAD+ and its metabolites during and after a 6 h 3 μmol/min NAD+ intravenous (IV) infusion. Surprisingly, no change in plasma (NAD+) or metabolites [nicotinamide, methylnicotinamide, adenosine phosphoribose ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)] were observed until after 2 h. Increased urinary excretion of methylnicotinamide and NAD+ were detected at 6 h, however, no significant rise in urinary nicotinamide was observed. This study revealed for the first time that: (i) at an infusion rate of 3 μmol/min NAD+ is rapidly and completely removed from the plasma for at least the first 2 h; (ii) the profile of metabolites is consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and NAD+ pyrophosphatase activity; and (iii) urinary excretion products arising from an NAD+ infusion include NAD+ itself and methyl nicotinamide (meNAM) but not NAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Mestayer
- NAD+ Research Inc., Springfield, LA, United States
- Springfield Wellness Center, Springfield, LA, United States
| | - Nady Braidy
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NPI, Euroa Centre, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - James Bennett
- Springfield Wellness Center, Springfield, LA, United States
| | - Susan Broom
- School of Natural and Behavioural Sciences, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - James Watson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Clinical Faculty, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Lam JH, Ng HHM, Lim CJ, Sim XN, Malavasi F, Li H, Loh JJH, Sabai K, Kim JK, Ong CCH, Loh T, Leow WQ, Choo SP, Toh HC, Lee SY, Chan CY, Chew V, Lim TS, Yeong J, Lim TKH. Expression of CD38 on Macrophages Predicts Improved Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2093. [PMID: 31552039 PMCID: PMC6738266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD38 is involved in the adenosine pathway, which represents one of the immunosuppressive mechanisms in cancer. CD38 is broadly expressed across immune cell subsets, including human macrophages differentiated in vitro from monocytes, but expression by tissue-resident macrophages remains to be demonstrated. Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from 66 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Singapore and analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) were further examined using DEPArray™, and the phenotype of freshly isolated TILs was determined using flow cytometry. Results: CD38 was frequently co-expressed with the macrophage-specific marker CD68. CD38+CD68+ macrophage density was associated with improved prognosis after surgery, while total CD68+ macrophage density was associated with poor prognosis. DEPArray™ analysis revealed the presence of large (>10 μm), irregularly shaped CD45+CD14+ cells that resembled macrophages, with concurrent CD38+ expression. Flow cytometry also revealed that majority of CD14+HLA-DR+ cells expressed CD38. Conclusion: CD38 expression was clearly demonstrated on human macrophages in an in vivo setting. The positive association identified between CD38+ macrophage density and prognosis may have implications for routine diagnostic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hang Lam
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chun Jye Lim
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Ni Sim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Huihua Li
- Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josh Jie Hua Loh
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khin Sabai
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joo-Kyung Kim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tracy Loh
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Leow
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Pin Choo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ser Yee Lee
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chung Yip Chan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Chew
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Seng Lim
- A. Menarini Biomarkers Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Yan F, Liu O, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Zhou Z, He Y, Tang Z, Wang S. Human dental pulp stem cells regulate allogeneic NK cells' function via induction of anti-inflammatory purinergic signalling in activated NK cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12595. [PMID: 30953394 PMCID: PMC6536423 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could regulate the function of various immune cells. It remains unclear whether MSCs additionally possess immunostimulatory properties. We investigated the impact of human MSCs on the responsiveness of primary natural killer (NK) cells in terms of induction of anti‐inflammatory purinergic signalling. Material and Methods We obtained human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Activated NK cells were cultured with MSCs. Proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, activating or inhibitory receptor expression and degranulation assay were used to explore NK cells’ function. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to investigate the purinergic signalling in activated NK cells. Results Both DPSCs and BMMSCs could impair proliferation and promote apoptosis of activated NK cells. Also, activated NK cells could cause DPSCs to lyse. Furthermore, the expression of activating NK cells’ receptors was decreased, but inhibitory receptors of NK cells were elevated following co‐cultivation. NK cells acquired CD73 expression, while MSCs could release ATP into the extracellular space where nucleotides were converted into adenosine (ADO) following co‐culture system. Under the existence of exogenous 2‐chloroadenosine (CADO), the cytotoxic capacity of NK cells was remarkably depressed in a concentration‐dependent manner. Conclusions DPSCs and BMMSCs could depress NK cells’ function by hydrolysing ATP to ADO using CD39 and CD73 enzymatic activity. Our data suggested that DPSCs might represent a new strategy for treating immune‐related diseases by regulating previously unrecognized functions in innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueying Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dian Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zekun Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Gasperi V, Sibilano M, Savini I, Catani MV. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040974. [PMID: 30813414 PMCID: PMC6412771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin (also known as "vitamin B₃" or "vitamin PP") includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B₃ has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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39
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Yu JC, Lin G, Field JJ, Linden J. Induction of antiinflammatory purinergic signaling in activated human iNKT cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:91954. [PMID: 30185656 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are activated at sites of local tissue injury, or globally during vaso-occlusive episodes of sickle cell disease (SCD). Tissue damage stimulates production of CD1d-restricted lipid antigens that activate iNKT cells to produce Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. Here, we show that circulating iNKT cells in SCD patients express elevated levels of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphosphohydrolase, CD39, as well the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). We also investigated the effects of stimulating cultured human iNKT cells on the expression of genes involved in the regulation of purinergic signaling. iNKT cell stimulation caused induction of ADORA2A, P2RX7, CD38, CD39, ENPP1, CD73, PANX1, and ENT1. Transcription of ADA, which degrades adenosine, was reduced. Induction of CD39 mRNA was associated with increased ecto-ATPase activity on iNKT cells that was blocked by POM1. Exposure of iNKT cells to A2AR agonists during stimulation reduced production of IFN-γ and enhanced production of IL-13 and CD39. Based on these findings, we define "purinergic Th2-type cytokine bias" as an antiinflammatory purinergic response to iNKT cell stimulation resulting from changes in the transcription of several genes involved in purine release, extracellular metabolism, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Yu
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California/Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gene Lin
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joshua J Field
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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