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Klichkhanov NK, Suleimanova MN. Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Effects of Several Astragalus Species (Fabaceae). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2024:10.1134/S0012496624701096. [PMID: 39128957 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496624701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The review integrates information on the component composition and biological activity of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) species from studies reported over the past 5-7 years. The aerial and underground parts of 34 Astragalus species contain triterpene saponins, flavonoids, polisaccharides, tannins, free organic acids, higher fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, and other constituents. Among the Astragalus species, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is the best studied in terms of component composition and biological activity. Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and hepathoprotective activities have been experimentally detected in total bioactive substances, fractions, and individual compounds extracted from various parsts of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in vitro and in vivo. The composition and biological effects of other Astragalus species are still poorly understood. The review summarizes the recent advances in studying new compounds extracted from Astragalus species and their biological activities.
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Xu Y, Geng Z, Sun Y, Zhu G, Xiao L, Wang Z, Li B, Liu X, Shi J, Song X, Hu J, Qi Q. Complanatuside A improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury through inhibiting JNK signaling-mediated microglial activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176287. [PMID: 38158110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Complanatuside A (ComA) is a flavonoid-rich compound in Astragalus membranaceus that has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we focused on the effect of ComA on spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice and explored its possible mechanisms. METHODS The SCI model was constructed using C57BL/6J mice, and the effect of ComA on motor function recovery in SCI mice was evaluated through the BMS (Basso Mouse Scale) and footprint test. The histological effects of ComA on SCI mice were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, Luxol-fast blue (LFB) staining, and Nissl staining. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we detected the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors through molecular experiments. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting confirmed that ComA can prevent neuronal apoptosis caused by activated microglia through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. RESULTS Our research results confirm that ComA can improve motor function in mice after SCI. Our in vitro results indicate that ComA can inhibit the activation of BV2 cells and the release of proinflammatory mediators. In addition, ComA can prevent neuronal cell apoptosis caused by activated BV2 cells. Finally, we found that ComA works through the JNK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ComA can accelerate the restoration of motor function in mice after SCI, possibly by reducing neuronal apoptosis via inhibition of JNK-related signaling pathways, a reduction in microglial activation, and inhibition of inflammatory factor release. Our data indicate that ComA is a promising drug candidate for improving functional recovery in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Linyu Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Jinran Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
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Chlorogenic acid rich in coffee pulp extract suppresses inflammatory status by inhibiting the p38, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13917. [PMID: 36873494 PMCID: PMC9982044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp (CP) is a coffee byproduct that contains various active ingredients, namely, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine. These active compounds show several benefits, including antihyperlipidemia, antioxidants, and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of Coffea pulp extract (CPE) are unknown. This work determined the impact of CPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage cells and the molecular mechanism behind this action. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to varying doses of CPE with or without LPS. Inflammatory markers and their mechanism were studied. CPE therapy has been shown to suppress the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Finally, CPE inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, CPE might be used as a nutraceutical to treat inflammation and its related disorders.
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Lin Y, Zhang H, Li P, Jin J, Li Z. The bacterial consortia promote plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation in Astragalus mongholicus under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:475. [PMID: 36203134 PMCID: PMC9541091 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, cultivated A. mongholicus is often threatened by water shortage at all growth stage, and the content of medicinal compounds of cultivated A. mongholicus is much lower than that of wild plants. To alleviate drought stress on A. mongholicus and improve the accumulation of medicinal components in roots of A. mongholicus, we combined different bacteria with plant growth promotion or abiotic stress resistance characteristics and evaluated the role of bacterial consortium in helping plants tolerate drought stress and improving medicinal component content in roots simultaneously. Through the determination of 429 bacterial strains, it was found that 97 isolates had phosphate solubilizing ability, 63 isolates could release potassium from potash feldspar, 123 isolates could produce IAA, 58 isolates could synthesize ACC deaminase, and 21 isolates could secret siderophore. Eight bacterial consortia were constructed with 25 bacterial isolates with more than three functions or strong growth promoting ability, and six out of eight bacterial consortia significantly improved the root dry weight. However, only consortium 6 could increase the root biomass, astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside content in roots simultaneously. Under drought challenge, the consortium 6 could still perform these functions. Compared with non-inoculated plants, the root dry weight of consortium inoculated-plants increased by 120.0% and 78.8% under mild and moderate drought stress, the total content of astragaloside IV increased by 183.83% and 164.97% under moderate and severe drought stress, calycosin-7-glucoside content increased by 86.60%, 148.56% and 111.45% under mild, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. Meanwhile, consortium inoculation resulted in a decrease in MDA level, while soluble protein and proline content and SOD, POD and CAT activities increased. These findings provide novel insights about multiple bacterial combinations to improve drought stress responses and contribute to accumulate more medicinal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang X, Xu X, Wu P, Wu M, Gan L, Jin J, Wu R, Liu W, Zhang K, Li D, Zheng X. Complanatuside alleviates inflammatory cell damage induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin keratinocytes. Front Chem 2022; 10:909651. [PMID: 36034662 PMCID: PMC9399639 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.909651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-mediated inflammatory response is considered a cause of skin lesion in COVID-19 patients. Complanatuside is a flavonol glycoside isolated from Astragalus complanatus. Flavonoids from Astragalus complanatus were reported to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities but the potential protective effect of complanatuside on cytokine-induced inflammatory damage in skin keratinocytes is not known. The aim of this study is to explore the inhibitory effect of complanatuside on inflammation and its underlying mechanisms in skin epithelial HaCaT cells treated with inflammatory cytokines. The combination of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 decreased cell viability, increased cell death, and pyroptosis in HaCaT cells. Treatment with complanatuside alleviated the effects of the cytokine combination on HaCaT cells. Complanatuside down-regulated pyroptosis related to NLRP3, GSDMD, and ASC. The effects of complanatuside were related to vast reductions in the levels of iNOS, COX-2, and ROS. Results of the present study indicate that complanatuside inhibited inflammation and protected the cells from inflammatory cell damage in HaCaT cells treated with the combination of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6. Complanatuside may be a promising candidate for inhibiting COVID-19 related skin inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Mengshuo Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen City, China
| | - Dongli Li
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- *Correspondence: Dongli Li, ; Xi Zheng,
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongli Li, ; Xi Zheng,
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Liang C, Yao Y, Ding H, Li X, Li Y, Cai T. Rapid classification and identification of chemical components of Astragali radix by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:943-960. [PMID: 35726352 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacological studies indicate that Astragalus (AR) has various bioactivities, including anticancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids, saponins, amino acids, and polysaccharides are the main active components in AR. However, its complex chemical compositions bring certain difficulties to the analysis of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the chemical constituents in AR. OBJECTIVE To establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the main components of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids in AR. METHODS The samples were analysed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and data post-processing techniques. Firstly, fragmentation information was obtained in the positive and negative ion modes. Then, to realize the rapid classification and identification of AR components, the characteristic fragmentations (CFs) and neutral losses (NLs) were compared with information described in the literature. RESULTS A total of 45 chemical constituents were successfully screened out, including 22 flavonoids, 13 saponins, and 10 amino acids. CONCLUSION The established method realised the efficient classification and identification of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acid compounds in AR, which provided a basis for further study on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Crocodile Oil Modulates Inflammation and Immune Responses in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123784. [PMID: 35744910 PMCID: PMC9229527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Crocodile oil (CO) is generated from the fatty tissues of crocodiles as a by-product of commercial aquaculture. CO is extensively applied in the treatment of illnesses including asthma, emphysema, skin ulcers, and cancer, as well as wound healing. Whether CO has anti-inflammatory properties and encourages an immune response remains uncertain. The impact of CO on inflammatory conditions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mechanisms behind it were examined in this work. Cells were treated with 0.125–2% CO dissolved in 0.5% propylene glycol with or without LPS. The production and expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were also examined in this research. CO reduced the synthesis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Consistently, CO inhibited the expression and synthesis of inflammatory markers including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, CO reduced the effects of DNA damage. CO also increased the cell-cycle regulators, cyclins D2 and E2, which improved the immunological response. CO might thus be produced as a nutraceutical supplement to help avoid inflammatory diseases.
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Tongmee B, Ontawong A, Lailerd N, Mengamphan K, Amornlerdpisan D. Anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing immune response of freshwater hybrid catfish oil in RAW264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1223. [PMID: 34603520 PMCID: PMC8453337 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of freshwater hybrid catfish oil (FFO) on the inflammatory status of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were supplemented with various concentrations [0.125-2% in 0.5% propylene glycol (v/v)] of FFO with or without LPS (1 µg/ml) for 24 h. Inflammatory cytokines and mediators were quantified using ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results revealed that FFO treatment inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α. In line with this, FFO suppressed the expression and secretion of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. FFO also reduced apoptotic body formation and DNA damage. Correspondingly, FFO enhanced the immune response by modulating the cell cycle regulators p53, cyclin D2 and cyclin E2. Accordingly, FFO may be developed as a nutraceutical product to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussarin Tongmee
- Agricultural Interdisciplinary Program, Faculty of Engineer and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Mengamphan
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpisan
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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Salehi B, Carneiro JNP, Rocha JE, Coutinho HDM, Morais Braga MFB, Sharifi-Rad J, Semwal P, Painuli S, Moujir LM, de Zarate Machado V, Janakiram S, Anil Kumar NV, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, El Beyrouthy M, Sadaka C. Astragalus species: Insights on its chemical composition toward pharmacological applications. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2445-2476. [PMID: 33325585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus L. is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genus is widely used in folk medicine and in dietary supplements, as well as in cosmetics, teas, coffee, vegetable gums, and as forage for animals. The major phytoconstituents of Astragalus species with beneficial properties are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Astragalus extracts and their isolated components exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo biological activities, including antiaging, antiinfective, cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabesity, and immune-enhancing properties. Considering their proven therapeutic potential, the aim of this work is to give a comprehensive summary of the Astragalus spp. and their active components, in an attempt to provide new insight for further clinical development of these xenobiotics. This is the first review that briefly describes their ethnopharmacology, composition, biological, and toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Laila Moujir Moujir
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victoria de Zarate Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Shriyaa Janakiram
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalia Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Carmen Sadaka
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Xu T, Liu J, Li XR, Yu Y, Luo X, Zheng X, Cheng Y, Yu PQ, Liu Y. The mTOR/NF-κB Pathway Mediates Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Plasticity in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3848-3862. [PMID: 33860440 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy, a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by neuroinflammation and aberrant synaptogenesis in the hippocampus leading to cognitive decline. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is associated with cognition impairment. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor of proinflammatory cytokines. Although mTOR has been ever implicated in processes occurring in neuroinflammation, the role of this enzyme on NF-κB signaling pathway remains unclear in diabetic encephalopathy. In the present study, we investigated whether mTOR regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to modulate inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. In vitro model was constructed in mouse HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells exposed to high glucose. With the inhibition of mTOR or NF-κB by either chemical inhibitor or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing lentivirus-vector, we examined the effects of mTOR/NF-κB signaling on proinflammatory cytokines and synaptic proteins. The diabetic mouse model induced by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection was administrated with rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor), respectively. High glucose significantly increased mTOR phosphorylation in HT-22 cells. While inhibiting mTOR by rapamycin or shmTOR significantly suppressed high glucose-induced activation of NF-κB and its regulators IKKβ and IκBα, suggesting mTOR is the upstream regulator of NF-κB. Furthermore, inhibiting NF-κB by PDTC and shNF-κB decreased proinflammatory cytokines expression (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptic proteins (synaptophysin and PSD-95) in HT-22 cells under high glucose conditions. Besides, the mTOR and NF-κB inhibitors improved cognitive decline in diabetic mice. The inhibition of mTOR and NF-κB suppressed mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, increased synaptic proteins, and improved ultrastructural synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. Activating mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway regulates the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy, such as neuroinflammation, synaptic proteins loss, and synaptic ultrastructure impairment. The findings provide the implication that mTOR/NF-κB is potential new drug targets to treat diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Rui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Xuan Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Quan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Feng S, Ding H, Liu L, Peng C, Huang Y, Zhong F, Li W, Meng T, Li J, Wang X, Li Y, Wu J. Astragalus polysaccharide enhances the immune function of RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF-κB p65/MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:20. [PMID: 33235629 PMCID: PMC7678613 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on RAW264.7 cells. The production of cytokines by RAW264.7 cells was analyzed using ELISA, while cell viability and optimal concentration of APS were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. In addition, the mRNA levels of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The levels of co-stimulatory molecules and cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to determine the effects of APS on p65 expression. Compared with controls, APS enhanced the production of NO, the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS and the protein levels of phosphorylated p65, p38, Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase in RAW264.7 cells, whereas these effects of APS were alleviated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The results of the present study indicated that the immunoregulatory effects of APS are mediated, at least in part, via the activation of the NF-κB p65/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Leihong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Chenglu Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Fuchao Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jinchun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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12
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Xu C, Fang MY, Wang K, Liu J, Tai GP, Zhang ZT, Ruan BF. Discovery and Development of Inflammatory Inhibitors from 2-Phenylchromonone (Flavone) Scaffolds. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2578-2598. [PMID: 32972343 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200924115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are compounds based on a 2-phenylchromonone scaffold. Flavonoids can be divided into flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavones, anthocyanins, chalcones and diflavones according to the oxidation degree of the central tricarbonyl chain, the connection position of B-ring (2-or 3-position), and whether the tricarbonyl chain forms a ring or not. There are a variety of biological activities about flavonoids, such as anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor activity, and the antiinflammatory activity is apparent. This paper reviews the anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives reported in China and abroad from 2011 till date (2011-2020), in order to find a good drug scaffold for the study of anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Guang-Ping Tai
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Zhang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China,Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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Zhao S, Gao N, Qi H, Chi H, Liu B, He B, Wang J, Jin Z, He X, Zheng H, Wang Z, Wang X, Jin G. Suppressive effects of sunitinib on a TLR activation-induced cytokine storm. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:347-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Ko BS, Ryuk JA, Hwang JT, Zhang T, Wu X, Park S. Ojayeonjonghwan, an oriental medicine composed of five seeds, protects against vasomotor and neurological disorders in estrogen-deficient rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:193-206. [PMID: 30722698 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219827847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Menopausal symptoms impair the quality of life of many women, and although conventional treatments are often effective, their use is limited by adverse effects. Ojayeonjonghwan, OJa, is a traditional Oriental medicine that is used for both male and female reproductive health and has a long history of safe use. We evaluated the effectiveness of two variations of OJa (OJa1 and OJa2) for treating menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Both OJa preparations were effective for relieving indicators of hot flashes and depression, and for preventing loss of bone mineral density and lean body mass. Only OJa 2 prevented memory dysfunction. These results show that the traditional Oriental medicine, Ojayeonjonghwan, has the potential to relieve menopausal symptoms in women and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials as an alternative to convention therapies in women for whom conventional therapies are not indicated or found to be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seob Ko
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jin Ah Ryuk
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Joo Tae Hwang
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
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