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Weissenrieder JS, Peura J, Paudel U, Bhalerao N, Weinmann N, Johnson C, Wengyn M, Drager R, Furth EE, Simin K, Ruscetti M, Stanger BZ, Rustgi AK, Pitarresi JR, Foskett JK. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ controls pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by regulating epithelial cell plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.08.607195. [PMID: 39149344 PMCID: PMC11326289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria Ca 2+ transfer is important for cancer cell survival, but the role of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake through the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter (MCU) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is poorly understood. Here, we show that increased MCU expression is associated with malignancy and poorer outcomes in PDAC patients. In isogenic murine PDAC models, Mcu deletion ( Mcu KO ) ablated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake, which reduced proliferation and inhibited self-renewal. Orthotopic implantation of MCU-null tumor cells reduced primary tumor growth and metastasis. Mcu deletion reduced the cellular plasticity of tumor cells by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to metastatic competency in PDAC. Mechanistically, the loss of mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake reduced expression of the key EMT transcription factor Snail and secretion of the EMT-inducing ligand TGFβ. Snail re-expression and TGFβ treatment rescued deficits in Mcu KO cells and restored their metastatic ability. Thus, MCU may present a therapeutic target in PDAC to limit cancer-cell-induced EMT and metastasis.
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2
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Mandic M, Paunovic V, Vucicevic L, Kosic M, Mijatovic S, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. No energy, no autophagy-Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of autophagic response energy requirements. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31366. [PMID: 38958520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated self-degradation process of central importance for cellular quality control. It also provides macromolecule building blocks and substrates for energy metabolism during nutrient or energy deficiency, which are the main stimuli for autophagy induction. However, like most biological processes, autophagy itself requires ATP, and there is an energy threshold for its initiation and execution. We here present the first comprehensive review of this often-overlooked aspect of autophagy research. The studies in which ATP deficiency suppressed autophagy in vitro and in vivo were classified according to the energy pathway involved (oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis). A mechanistic insight was provided by pinpointing the critical ATP-consuming autophagic events, including transcription/translation/interaction of autophagy-related molecules, autophagosome formation/elongation, autophagosome fusion with the lysosome, and lysosome acidification. The significance of energy-dependent fine-tuning of autophagic response for preserving the cell homeostasis, and potential implications for the therapy of cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mandic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Mijatovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Zhang N, Zhang H, Yang X, Xue Q, Wang Q, Chang R, Zhu L, Chen Z, Liu X. USP14 exhibits high expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma and plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of liver cancer cells through the HK2/AKT/P62 axis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38383348 PMCID: PMC10880281 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of USP14 in various solid tumors. However, the role of USP14 in the regulation of HCC development and progression remains unclear. METHODS We discovered through GEO and TCGA databases that USP14 may play an important role in liver cancer. Using bioinformatics analysis based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we screened and identified USP14 as highly expressed in liver cancer. We detected the growth and metastasis of HCC cells promoted by USP14 through clone formation, cell counting kit 8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. In addition, we detected the impact of USP14 on the downstream protein kinase B (AKT) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways using western blotting. The interaction mechanism between USP14 and HK2 was determined using immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) experiments. RESULTS We found that sh-USP14 significantly inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and invasion of liver cancer cells, promoting apoptosis. Further exploration revealed that sh-USP14 significantly inhibited the expression of HK2. Sh-USP14 can significantly inhibit the expression of AKT and EMT signals. Further verification through immunofluorescence and CO-IP experiments revealed that USP14 co-expressed with HK2. Further research has found that USP14 regulates the glycolytic function of liver cancer cells by the deubiquitination of HK2. USP14 regulates the autophagy function of liver cancer cells by regulating the interaction between SQSTM1/P62 and HK2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that USP14 plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis of liver cancer. We also revealed the protein connections between USP14, HK2, and P62 and elucidated the potential mechanisms driving cancer development. The USP14/HK2/P62 axis may be a new therapeutic biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223200, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Quhui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Renan Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China.
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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4
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Zhitkevich A, Bayurova E, Avdoshina D, Zakirova N, Frolova G, Chowdhury S, Ivanov A, Gordeychuk I, Palefsky JM, Isaguliants M. HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Expression in HPV16-Infected Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells Alters E6 Expression and Cellular Metabolism, and Induces a Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Cell Phenotype. Viruses 2024; 16:193. [PMID: 38399969 PMCID: PMC10892743 DOI: 10.3390/v16020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of epithelial malignancies in HIV-1 infected individuals is associated with co-infection with oncogenic viruses, such as high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs), mostly HPV16. The molecular mechanisms underlying the HIV-1-associated increase in epithelial malignancies are not fully understood. A collaboration between HIV-1 and HR HPVs in the malignant transformation of epithelial cells has long been anticipated. Here, we delineated the effects of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on the in vitro and in vivo properties of HPV16-infected cervical cancer cells. A human cervical carcinoma cell line infected with HPV16 (Ca Ski) was made to express HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) by lentiviral transduction. The levels of the mRNA of the E6 isoforms and of the factors characteristic to the epithelial/mesenchymal transition were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. The parameters of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were determined using Seahorse technology. RT expressing Ca Ski subclones were assessed for the capacity to form tumors in nude mice. RT expression increased the expression of the E6*I isoform, modulated the expression of E-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN, indicating the presence of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, enhanced glycolysis, and inhibited mitochondrial respiration. In addition, the expression of RT induced phenotypic alterations impacting cell motility, clonogenic activity, and the capacity of Ca Ski cells to form tumors in nude mice. These findings suggest that HIV-RT, a multifunctional protein, affects HPV16-induced oncogenesis, which is achieved through modulation of the expression of the E6 oncoprotein. These results highlight a complex interplay between HIV antigens and HPV oncoproteins potentiating the malignant transformation of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zhitkevich
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.); (G.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.); (G.F.); (I.G.)
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.); (G.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Natalia Zakirova
- Centre for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina Frolova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.); (G.F.); (I.G.)
| | - Sona Chowdhury
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (S.C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
- Centre for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (D.A.); (G.F.); (I.G.)
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Joel M. Palefsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (S.C.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Demicco M, Liu XZ, Leithner K, Fendt SM. Metabolic heterogeneity in cancer. Nat Metab 2024; 6:18-38. [PMID: 38267631 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to survive during cancer progression. In this context, tumour metabolic heterogeneity arises and develops in response to diverse environmental factors. This metabolic heterogeneity contributes to cancer aggressiveness and impacts therapeutic opportunities. In recent years, technical advances allowed direct characterisation of metabolic heterogeneity in tumours. In addition to the metabolic heterogeneity observed in primary tumours, metabolic heterogeneity temporally evolves along with tumour progression. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of environment-induced metabolic heterogeneity. In addition, we discuss how cancer metabolism and the key metabolites and enzymes temporally and functionally evolve during the metastatic cascade and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Demicco
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Liang J, Cai H, Hou C, Song F, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Qiu D, Zhu Y, Wang F, Yu D, Hou J. METTL14 inhibits malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the autophagy-related gene RB1CC1 in an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent manner. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1373-1389. [PMID: 37615536 PMCID: PMC10500204 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and autophagy. However, the underlying mechanisms mediated by m6A and autophagy in the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In the present study, we revealed that down-regulated expression of METTL14 was correlated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in OSCC. METTL14 knockdown significantly inhibited autophagy and facilitated malignant progression in vitro, and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. A cell model of rapamycin-induced autophagy was established to identify RB1CC1 as a potential target gene involved in m6A-regulated autophagy in OSCC, through RNA sequencing and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (meRIP-seq) analysis. Mechanistically, we confirmed that METTL14 posttranscriptionally enhanced RB1CC1 expression in an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent manner, thereby affecting autophagy and progression in OSCC, through methylated RNA immunoprecipitation qRT-PCR (meRIP-qPCR), RNA stability assays, mutagenesis assays and dual-luciferase reporter. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that METTL14 serves as an OSCC suppressor by regulating the autophagy-related gene RB1CC1 through m6A modification, which may provide a new insight for the diagnosis and therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fan Song
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yaoqi Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Danqi Qiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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7
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Haerinck J, Goossens S, Berx G. The epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity landscape: principles of design and mechanisms of regulation. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:590-609. [PMID: 37169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) enables cells to interconvert between several states across the epithelial-mesenchymal landscape, thereby acquiring hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotypic features. This plasticity is crucial for embryonic development and wound healing, but also underlies the acquisition of several malignant traits during cancer progression. Recent research using systems biology and single-cell profiling methods has provided novel insights into the main forces that shape EMP, which include the microenvironment, lineage specification and cell identity, and the genome. Additionally, key roles have emerged for hysteresis (cell memory) and cellular noise, which can drive stochastic transitions between cell states. Here, we review these forces and the distinct but interwoven layers of regulatory control that stabilize EMP states or facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating the EMP landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Haerinck
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Translational Research in Oncology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Yao Y, Li R, Zhou M, Chen S, Qiao Z, Yang K. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis of yak PASMCs under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14369. [PMID: 36452079 PMCID: PMC9703989 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yaks are animals that have lived in plateau environments for generations. Yaks can adapt to the hypoxic plateau environment and also pass this adaptability on to the next generation. The lungs are the most important respiratory organs for mammals to adapt to their environment. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells play an important role in vascular remodeling under hypoxia, but the genetic mechanism underpinning the yak's ability to adapt to challenging plateau conditions is still unknown. Methods A tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics study together with an RNA-seq transcriptome analysis were carried out on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) that had been grown for 72 hours in both normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) environments. RNA and TP (total protein) were collected from the hypoxic and normoxic groups for RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing and TMT marker protein quantification, and RT-qPCR validation was performed. Results A total of 17,711 genes and 6,859 proteins were identified. Further, 5,969 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 531 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the comparison group, including 2,924 and 186 upregulated genes and proteins and 3,045 and 345 down-regulated genes and proteins, respectively. The transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that 109 DEGs and DEPs were highly positively correlated, with 77 genes showing the same expression trend. Nine overlapping genes were identified in the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and cholesterol metabolism (PGAM1, PGK1, TPI1, HMOX1, IGF1R, OLR1, SCD, FABP4 and LDLR), suggesting that these differentially expressed genes and protein functional classifications are related to the hypoxia-adaptive pathways. Overall, our study offers abundant data for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms in yak PASMCs and their adaptability to different oxygen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Manlin Zhou
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China
| | - Shuwu Chen
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lan, China,Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lan Zhou, China,Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lan Zhou, China
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9
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Schwager SC, Mosier JA, Padmanabhan RS, White A, Xing Q, Hapach LA, Taufalele PV, Ortiz I, Reinhart-King CA. Link between glucose metabolism and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives triple-negative breast cancer migratory heterogeneity. iScience 2022; 25:105190. [PMID: 36274934 PMCID: PMC9579510 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular and environmental cues result in heterogeneous cancer cell populations with different metabolic and migratory behaviors. Although glucose metabolism and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition have previously been linked, we aim to understand how this relationship fuels cancer cell migration. We show that while glycolysis drives single-cell migration in confining microtracks, fast and slow cells display different migratory sensitivities to glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition. Phenotypic sorting of highly and weakly migratory subpopulations (MDA+, MDA-) reveals that more mesenchymal, highly migratory MDA+ preferentially use glycolysis while more epithelial, weakly migratory MDA- utilize mitochondrial respiration. These phenotypes are plastic and MDA+ can be made less glycolytic, mesenchymal, and migratory and MDA- can be made more glycolytic, mesenchymal, and migratory via modulation of glucose metabolism or EMT. These findings reveal an intrinsic link between EMT and glucose metabolism that controls migration. Identifying mechanisms fueling phenotypic heterogeneity is essential to develop targeted metastatic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Jenna A. Mosier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Reethi S. Padmanabhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Addison White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Qinzhe Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Lauren A. Hapach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul V. Taufalele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Ismael Ortiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
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10
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Essential role of aerobic glycolysis in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during carcinogenesis. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1844-1855. [PMID: 35751743 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers the most lethal characteristics to cancer cells i.e., metastasis and resistance to chemo-and-radio-therapy, and therefore exhibit an appealing target in the field of oncology. Research in the past decade has demonstrated the crucial role of aerobic glycolysis in EMT, which is generally credited as the glucose metabolism for the creation of biomass such as fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides thereby providing building blocks for limitless proliferation. In the present review, apart from discussing EMT's evident role in the metastatic process and cancer stemness, we also talked about the vital role of glycolytic enzymes viz. GLUTs, HKs, PGI, PFK-1, aldolase, enolase, PK, LDHA, etc. in the induction of the EMT process in cancerous cells.
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11
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Guo W, Du K, Luo S, Hu D. Recent Advances of Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Application. Front Oncol 2022; 12:861959. [PMID: 35600411 PMCID: PMC9115384 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.861959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is characterized by the most common oncological disease and leading cause of cancer death worldwide, of which a group of subtypes known as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85%. In the past few decades, important progression in the therapies of NSCLC has enhanced our understanding of the biology and progression mechanisms of tumor. The application of immunotherapy and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has brought significant clinical benefits in certain patients. However, early metastasis and the emergence of resistance to antitumor therapy have resulted in the relatively low overall cure and survival rates for NSCLC. Autophagy is a conserved process that allows cells to recycle unused or damaged organelles and cellular components. It has been reported to be related to the progression of NSCLC and resistance to targeted therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Therefore, autophagy is considered as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC. Mounting results have been reported about the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of autophagy in models of NSCLC. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the roles of autophagy in NSCLC, focusing on related clinical data of agents that regulate autophagy in NSCLC. Furthermore, this study will provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of autophagy-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keye Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Department of immunology, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Wuhan, China
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12
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Tumor Cell Glycolysis—At the Crossroad of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061041. [PMID: 35326492 PMCID: PMC8947107 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of glycolysis, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), are phenotypic changes that occur in tumor cells, in response to similar stimuli, either tumor cell-autonomous or from the tumor microenvironment. Available evidence, herein reviewed, suggests that glycolysis can play a causative role in the induction of EMT and autophagy in tumor cells. Thus, glycolysis has been shown to induce EMT and either induce or inhibit autophagy. Glycolysis-induced autophagy occurs both in the presence (glucose starvation) or absence (glucose sufficiency) of metabolic stress. In order to explain these, in part, contradictory experimental observations, we propose that in the presence of stimuli, tumor cells respond by upregulating glycolysis, which will then induce EMT and inhibit autophagy. In the presence of stimuli and glucose starvation, upregulated glycolysis leads to adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and autophagy induction. In the presence of stimuli and glucose sufficiency, upregulated glycolytic enzymes (e.g., aldolase or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) or decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites (e.g., dihydroxyacetone phosphate) may mimic a situation of metabolic stress (herein referred to as “pseudostarvation”), leading, directly or indirectly, to AMPK activation and autophagy induction. We also discuss possible mechanisms, whereby glycolysis can induce a mixed mesenchymal/autophagic phenotype in tumor cells. Subsequently, we address unresolved problems in this field and possible therapeutic consequences.
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13
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The Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitors Improve the Therapeutic Activity of Glycolysis Modulators against Tongue Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031248. [PMID: 35163171 PMCID: PMC8835497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glucose metabolism and disruptions in Wnt signaling are important molecular changes present in oral cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combinatorial use of glycolysis and Wnt signaling inhibitors on viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, cell cycle distribution and the glycolytic activity of tongue carcinoma cells. CAL 27, SCC-25 and BICR 22 tongue cancer cell lines were used. Cells were treated with inhibitors of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose and lonidamine) and of Wnt signaling (PRI-724 and IWP-O1). The effects of the compounds on cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated with MTS and CellTox Green tests, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by MitoPotential Dye staining and cell cycle distribution by staining with propidium iodide, followed by flow cytometric cell analysis. Glucose and lactate concentrations in a culture medium were evaluated luminometrically. Combinations of 2-deoxyglucose and lonidamine with Wnt pathway inhibitors were similarly effective in the impairment of oral cancer cells’ survival. However, the inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway by PRI-724 was more beneficial, based on the glycolytic activity of the cells. The results point to the therapeutic potential of the combination of low concentrations of glycolytic modulators with Wnt pathway inhibitors in oral cancer cells.
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14
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Adhikari S, Guha D, Mohan C, Mukherjee S, Tyler JK, Das C. Reprogramming Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cancer and Its Role in Regulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:3-65. [PMID: 36301490 PMCID: PMC10760510 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism has become an emerging feature of cancer cells impacting their proliferation and metastatic potential in myriad ways. Proliferating heterogeneous tumor cells are surrounded by other resident or infiltrating cells, along with extracellular matrix proteins, and other secretory factors constituting the tumor microenvironment. The diverse cell types of the tumor microenvironment exhibit different molecular signatures that are regulated at their genetic and epigenetic levels. The cancer cells elicit intricate crosstalks with these supporting cells, exchanging essential metabolites which support their anabolic processes and can promote their survival, proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, metastasis and even therapeutic resistance. In this context, carbohydrate metabolism ensures constant energy supply being a central axis from which other metabolic and biosynthetic pathways including amino acid and lipid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway are diverged. In contrast to normal cells, increased glycolytic flux is a distinguishing feature of the highly proliferative cancer cells, which supports them to adapt to a hypoxic environment and also protects them from oxidative stress. Such rewired metabolic properties are often a result of epigenetic alterations in the cancer cells, which are mediated by several factors including, DNA, histone and non-histone protein modifications and non-coding RNAs. Conversely, epigenetic landscapes of the cancer cells are also dictated by their diverse metabolomes. Altogether, this metabolic and epigenetic interplay has immense potential for the development of efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. In this book chapter we emphasize upon the significance of reprogrammed carbohydrate metabolism in regulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression, with an aim to explore the different metabolic and epigenetic targets for better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deblina Guha
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Chitra Mohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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15
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Anitha G, Kumar KV, Deshpande G, Nagaraj M, Kalyani V. Utility of serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels as a diagnostic profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:218-227. [PMID: 35968187 PMCID: PMC9364637 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_26_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an intra-cellular enzyme present in all cells of the body, catalyses the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. This intra-cellular enzyme is released into the extra-cellular space after tissue disintegration, which is evident in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, investigations comparing Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in OSCC and healthy controls have shown conflicting findings in both serum and saliva samples. Further, Uric acid's anti-oxidant activity has been demonstrated in several diseases. Several cancers have been linked to increased uric acid levels. However, uric acid levels in oral squamous cell cancer have varied. There exists limitted research comparing serum and salivary uric acid with OSCC. Thus, the present investigation was conducted to evaluate the combined diagnostic abilities of serum and salivary LDH and uric acid in OSCC. Aim and Objective To compare and correlate LDH and uric acid levels in serum and salivary samples of OSCC patients and healthy individuals. Material and Methods LDH levels and uric acid levels were measured using an enzymatic method in serum and salivary samples of OSCC cases (n = 18) and healthy individuals (n = 18). Results This study indicated statistically significant elevated levels of LDH in serum and saliva samples of OSCC patients when compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, serum and salivary uric acid were higher in OSCC patients than in controls. This increased levels of uric acid was significant only in serum but not in saliva samples. However, salivary uric acid was found to be co-relating with serum uric acid. In addition to this, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve when plotted to assess combined diagnostic abilities of all the investigations to predict oscc, indicating the diagnostic ability to be 77%. Conclusion This study found an increase in uric acid levels in OSCC patients, which contradicts previous existing litratures. Salivary uric acid and LDH levels may be effective indicators for OSCC screening. However, because of the limited sample size, these findings should be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anitha
- Department of Periodontics, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Vinod Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Gururaj Deshpande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, VTSM Peripheral Cancer Centre, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - M Nagaraj
- Department of OMFS, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nagaraj M, Dean, Professor and Head Department of OMFS, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Veerbhadra Kalyani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, VTSM Peripheral Cancer Centre, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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16
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Wei X, Hou Y, Long M, Jiang L, Du Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α in metabolic reprogramming in renal fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927329. [PMID: 35957825 PMCID: PMC9357883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the result of renal tissue damage and repair response disorders. If fibrosis is not effectively blocked, it causes loss of renal function, leading to chronic renal failure. Metabolic reprogramming, which promotes cell proliferation by regulating cellular energy metabolism, is considered a unique tumor cell marker. The transition from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is a major feature of renal fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α), a vital transcription factor, senses oxygen status, induces adaptive changes in cell metabolism, and plays an important role in renal fibrosis and glucose metabolism. This review focuses on the regulation of proteins related to aerobic glycolysis by HIF-1α and attempts to elucidate the possible regulatory mechanism underlying the effects of HIF-1α on glucose metabolism during renal fibrosis, aiming to provide new ideas for targeted metabolic pathway intervention in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yujun Du,
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17
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Wang F, Zhu Y, Cai H, Liang J, Wang W, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Hou J. N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL14-Mediated Autophagy in Malignant Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738406. [PMID: 34900689 PMCID: PMC8652297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes and is related to stability, localization, or translation efficiency in tumorigenesis. Autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours. However, the relationship between m6A and autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we used a rapamycin-induced autophagy model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, and observed increased m6A RNA methylation. When autophagy was activated, the methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) expression was upregulated and influenced the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of OSCC cells. Through meRIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis, we found that METTL14 directly combined with eukaryotic translation initiation factor gamma 1 (eIF4G1) mRNA and decreased its RNA stability. According to the dual-luciferase reporter and mutagenesis assay, the mutated site 1 of exon 11 of eIF4G1 is the key target of METTL14. Knockdown of the main m6A binding protein YTHDF2 may rescue the shortened half-life of eIF4G1 mRNA induced by METTL14 overexpression. Furthermore, an in vivo tumour xenograft model confirmed that a high METTL14 expression can effectively reduce OSCC growth. Additionally, using clinical samples, we found that patients with advanced or moderately/poorly differentiated tumours exhibited lower METTL14 levels. Taken together, our results revealed that METTL14 mediated eIF4G1 expression via m6A modification and regulated autophagy levels and biological functions in OSCC. Our findings not only expand our understanding of the correlation between autophagy and RNA methylation in tumorigenesis but also present an opportunity to develop new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Pandey A, Yadav P, Shukla S. Unfolding the role of autophagy in the cancer metabolism. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101158. [PMID: 34754952 PMCID: PMC8564564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is considered an indispensable process that scavenges toxins, recycles complex macromolecules, and sustains the essential cellular functions. In addition to its housekeeping role, autophagy plays a substantial role in many pathophysiological processes such as cancer. Certainly, it adapts cancer cells to thrive in the stress conditions such as hypoxia and starvation. Cancer cells indeed have also evolved by exploiting the autophagy process to fulfill energy requirements through the production of metabolic fuel sources and fundamentally altered metabolic pathways. Occasionally autophagy as a foe impedes tumorigenesis and promotes cell death. The complex role of autophagy in cancer makes it a potent therapeutic target and has been actively tested in clinical trials. Moreover, the versatility of autophagy has opened new avenues of effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Thereby, it is imperative to comprehend the specificity of autophagy in cancer-metabolism. This review summarizes the recent research and conceptual framework on the regulation of autophagy by various metabolic pathways, enzymes, and their cross-talk in the cancer milieu, including the implementation of altered metabolism and autophagy in clinically approved and experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchala Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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19
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Wu Q, Zhang W, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wu H, Ma C. Histone deacetylase 1 facilitates aerobic glycolysis and growth of endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:721. [PMID: 34429761 PMCID: PMC8371952 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is reportedly involved in the progression of several cancer types. However, its function in endometrial cancer remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of HDAC1 in aerobic glycolysis and the progression of endometrial cancer. Lentiviral vector transfection was used to up- and downregulate HDAC1 expression in HEC-1-A endometrial cancer cells. The effects of HDAC1 on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness and tumorigenesis were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound-healing, transwell chamber and in vivo tumor formation experiments, respectively. HDAC1 level was significantly increased in endometrial cancer tissues and cells, and its high expression was associated with advanced clinicopathological progression. HEC-1-A cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration and tumorigenesis were enhanced, and apoptosis was inhibited when HDAC1 was overexpressed. Moreover, upregulation of HDAC1 significantly promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HEC-1-A cells, and increased glucose consumption, lactate secretion and ATP levels. Collectively, the present study revealed that HDAC1 promoted the aerobic glycolysis and progression of endometrial cancer, which may provide a potential target for endometrial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongwei Wu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Huiheng Wu
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
| | - Chengbin Ma
- Gynecology Department, Shanghai Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200051, P.R. China
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20
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Fialova JL, Raudenska M, Jakubek M, Kejik Z, Martasek P, Babula P, Matkowski A, Filipensky P, Masarik M. Novel Mitochondria-targeted Drugs for Cancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:816-832. [PMID: 33213355 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201118153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for mitochondria-targeted drugs has dramatically risen over the last decade. Mitochondria are essential organelles serving not only as a powerhouse of the cell but also as a key player in cell proliferation and cell death. Their central role in the energetic metabolism, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis makes them an intriguing field of interest for cancer pharmacology. In cancer cells, many mitochondrial signaling and metabolic pathways are altered. These changes contribute to cancer development and progression. Due to changes in mitochondrial metabolism and changes in membrane potential, cancer cells are more susceptible to mitochondria-targeted therapy. The loss of functional mitochondria leads to the arrest of cancer progression and/or a cancer cell death. Identification of mitochondrial changes specific for tumor growth and progression, rational development of new mitochondria-targeted drugs and research on delivery agents led to the advance of this promising area. This review will highlight the current findings in mitochondrial biology, which are important for cancer initiation, progression and resistance, and discuss approaches of cancer pharmacology with a special focus on the anti-cancer drugs referred to as 'mitocans'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindriska Leischner Fialova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kejik
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martasek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, CZ-121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Borowska 211, Poland
| | - Petr Filipensky
- Department of Urology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Dong P, Xiong Y, Konno Y, Ihira K, Kobayashi N, Yue J, Watari H. Long non-coding RNA DLEU2 drives EMT and glycolysis in endometrial cancer through HK2 by competitively binding with miR-455 and by modulating the EZH2/miR-181a pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:216. [PMID: 34174908 PMCID: PMC8235565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aerobic glycolysis are fundamental processes implicated in cancer metastasis. Although increasing evidence demonstrates an association between EMT induction and enhanced aerobic glycolysis in human cancer, the mechanisms linking these two conditions in endometrial cancer (EC) cells remain poorly defined. Methods We characterized the role and molecular mechanism of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) in mediating EMT and glycolysis and investigated how long noncoding RNA DLEU2 contributes to the stimulation of EMT and glycolysis via upregulation of HK2 expression. Results HK2 was highly expressed in EC tissues, and its expression was associated with poor overall survival. Overexpression of HK2 effectively promoted EMT phenotypes and enhanced aerobic glycolysis in EC cells via activating FAK and its downstream ERK1/2 signaling. Moreover, microRNA-455 (miR-455) served as a tumor suppressor by directly interacting with HK2 mRNA and inhibiting its expression. Furthermore, DLEU2 displayed a significantly higher expression in EC tissues, and increased DLEU2 expression was correlated with worse overall survival. DLEU2 acted as an upstream activator for HK2-induced EMT and glycolysis in EC cells through two distinct mechanisms: (i) DLEU2 induced HK2 expression by competitively binding with miR-455, and (ii) DLEU2 also interacted with EZH2 to silence a direct inhibitor of HK2, miR-181a. Conclusions This study identified DLEU2 as an upstream activator of HK2-driven EMT and glycolysis in EC cells and provided significant mechanistic insights for the potential treatment of EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02018-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Noriko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
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N6-methyladenosine demethyltransferase FTO-mediated autophagy in malignant development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:3885-3898. [PMID: 33972683 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we established a cell model of rapamycin-induced autophagy to screen m6A-modifying enzymes. We found that m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) plays a key role in regulating autophagy and tumorigenesis by targeting the gene encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor gamma 1 (eIF4G1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Knocked down of FTO expression in OSCC cell lines, resulting in downregulation of eIF4G1 along with enhanced autophagic flux and inhibition of tumorigenesis. Rapamycin inhibited FTO activity, and directly targeted eIF4G1 transcripts and mediated their expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Dual-luciferase reporter and mutagenesis assays confirmed that YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein 2 (YTHDF2) targets eIF4G1. Conclusively, after FTO silencing, YTHDF2 captured eIF4G1 transcripts containing m6A, resulting in mRNA degradation and decreased expression of eIF4G1 protein, thereby promoting autophagy and reducing tumor occurrence. Therefore, rapamycin may regulate m6A levels, determining the autophagic flux of OSCC, thereby affecting the biological characteristics of cancer cells. This insight expands our understanding of the crosstalk between autophagy and RNA methylation in tumorigenesis, which is essential for therapeutic strategy development for OSCC.
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Mao L, Wu X, Gong Z, Yu M, Huang Z. PDIA6 contributes to aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:88. [PMID: 33761940 PMCID: PMC7992853 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that aerobic glycolysis serves as a regulator of tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Herein, we explored the role of protein disulfide isomerase family 6 (PDIA6) in the aerobic glycolysis and the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression pattern of PDIA6 in OSCC tissues was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Lentivirus and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were introduced into cells to upregulate and downregulate PDIA6 expression. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, and xenotransplantation models were applied to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, respectively. Results A high expression pattern of PDIA6 was observed in OSCC tissues, which was closely associated with lower overall survival and malignant clinical features in OSCC. Compared with the control group, overexpression of PDIA6 induced significant enhancements in cell growth, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis and decreased cell apoptosis, while knockdown of PDIA6 caused opposite results. In addition, overexpression of PDIA6 increased glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP level in OSCC cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PDIA6 expression was elevated in OSCC tissues, and overexpression of it promoted aerobic glycolysis and OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mao
- The Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Research, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.,Imaging department, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiaoweng Wu
- Department of Imaging, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 252000, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengpeng Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Laryngology and Otology, the Affiliated Baiyun Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 108 Gangyu Road, Guiyang, 550005, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China. .,College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No. 1 Beijingxi Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
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24
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DeWane G, Salvi AM, DeMali KA. Fueling the cytoskeleton - links between cell metabolism and actin remodeling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248385. [PMID: 33558441 PMCID: PMC7888749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention has long focused on the actin cytoskeleton as a unit capable of organizing into ensembles that control cell shape, polarity, migration and the establishment of intercellular contacts that support tissue architecture. However, these investigations do not consider observations made over 40 years ago that the actin cytoskeleton directly binds metabolic enzymes, or emerging evidence suggesting that the rearrangement and assembly of the actin cytoskeleton is a major energetic drain. This Review examines recent studies probing how cells adjust their metabolism to provide the energy necessary for cytoskeletal remodeling that occurs during cell migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, and the cellular response to external forces. These studies have revealed that mechanotransduction, cell migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions are accompanied by alterations in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. These metabolic changes provide energy to support the actin cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary to allow cells to assemble the branched actin networks required for cell movement and epithelial to mesenchymal transitions and the large actin bundles necessary for cells to withstand forces. In this Review, we discuss the emerging evidence suggesting that the regulation of these events is highly complex with metabolism affecting the actin cytoskeleton and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian DeWane
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Alicia M Salvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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25
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Chu Y, Chang Y, Lu W, Sheng X, Wang S, Xu H, Ma J. Regulation of Autophagy by Glycolysis in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13259-13271. [PMID: 33380833 PMCID: PMC7767644 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s279672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical cellular process that generally protects cells and organisms from harsh environment, including limitations in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability or a lack of essential nutrients. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, has recently gained interest in the area of cancer therapy. It is well known that cancer cells prefer to utilize glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as their major energy source to rapidly generate ATP even in aerobic environment called the Warburg effect. Both autophagy and glycolysis play essential roles in pathological processes of cancer. A mechanism of metabolic changes to drive tumor progression is its ability to regulate autophagy. This review will elucidate the role and the mechanism of glycolysis in regulating autophagy during tumor growth. Indeed, understanding how glycolysis can modulate cellular autophagy will enable more effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Gu QL, Zhang Y, Fu XM, Lu ZL, Yu Y, Chen G, Ma R, Kou W, Lan YM. Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:77-86. [PMID: 31898444 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects, changes in life span, and expression of various metabolism-related genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, using RNA interference (RNAi) and mutant strains, after 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) treatment. C. elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium (NGM) plates, and their survival was monitored every 24 h. The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase (HK) genes. The average life span of C. elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group. hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA. After successfully interfering hxk-1, hxk-2, and hxk-3, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control. All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed, except cyp-35B3. The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious. The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1, cyp-35A2, cyp-35A4, cyp-35B3, and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control. Thus, the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes, and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Gu
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi-Mei Fu
- Pathogen Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhao-Lian Lu
- Pathogen Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Pathogen Biology Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Rong Ma
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wei Kou
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yong-Mei Lan
- The Institute of Minority Physique and Health, Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou 730030, China
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27
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Trošelj KG, Samaržija I, Tomljanović M, Kujundžić RN, Đaković N, Mojzeš A. Implementing Curcumin in Translational Oncology Research. Molecules 2020; 25:E5240. [PMID: 33182817 PMCID: PMC7698148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most data published on curcumin and curcumin-based formulations are very promising. In cancer research, the majority of data has been obtained in vitro. Less frequently, researchers used experimental animals. The results of several clinical studies are conclusive, and these studies have established a good foundation for further research focusing on implementing curcumin in clinical oncology. However, the issues regarding timely data reporting and lack of disclosure of the exact curcumin formulations used in these studies should not be neglected. This article is a snapshot of the current status of publicly available data on curcumin clinical trials and a detailed presentation of results obtained so far with some curcumin formulations. Phenomena related to the observed effects of curcumin shown in clinical trials are presented, and its modifying effect on gut microbiota and metabolic reprogramming is discussed. Based on available data, there is a strong indication that curcumin and its metabolites present molecules that do not necessarily need to be abundant in order to act locally and benefit systemically. Future clinical studies should be designed in a way that will take that fact into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.T.); (R.N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.T.); (R.N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.T.); (R.N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.T.); (R.N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikola Đaković
- Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, University Hospital Centre Sisters of Charity, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Mojzeš
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.T.); (R.N.K.); (A.M.)
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28
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Hu Y, Xu W, Zeng H, He Z, Lu X, Zuo D, Qin G, Chen W. OXPHOS-dependent metabolic reprogramming prompts metastatic potential of breast cancer cells under osteogenic differentiation. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1644-1655. [PMID: 32934344 PMCID: PMC7686370 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcalcification is one of the most reliable clinical features of the malignancy risk of breast cancer, and it is associated with enhanced tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Clinical data were retrieved to analyse the association between calcification and bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Using multiple human breast cancer cell lines, the osteogenic cocktail model was established in vitro to demonstrate calcification-exacerbated metastasis. Migration and invasion characteristics were determined by wound healing and transwell migration. mRNA and protein expression were identified by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Metabolic alterations in breast cancer cells were evaluated using Seahorse Analyser. RESULTS The osteogenic differentiation of human breast cancer cells activated the classical TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway and the non-canonical MAPK pathway, which, in turn, exacerbated the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The metabolic programme switched to enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) upon osteogenic differentiation. Rotenone was used to inhibit the OXPHOS complex during osteogenesis to block mitochondrial function, consequently reversing the EMT phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the mechanisms involved in breast cancer bone metastasis, and outlines a possible strategy to intervene in OXPHOS for the treatment of breast tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong He
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genggeng Qin
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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D'Angelo E, Lindoso RS, Sensi F, Pucciarelli S, Bussolati B, Agostini M, Collino F. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Modulators of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Driving the Fate of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1122. [PMID: 32793478 PMCID: PMC7393251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an evolutionarily conserved process. In cancer, EMT can activate biochemical changes in tumor cells that enable the destruction of the cellular polarity, leading to the acquisition of invasive capabilities. EMT regulation can be triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic signaling, allowing the tumor to adapt to the microenvironment demand in the different stages of tumor progression. In concomitance, tumor cells undergoing EMT actively interact with the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) constituted by cell components and extracellular matrix as well as cell secretome elements. As a result, the TME is in turn modulated by the EMT process toward an aggressive behavior. The current review presents the intrinsic and extrinsic modulators of EMT and their relationship with the TME, focusing on the non-cell-derived components, such as secreted metabolites, extracellular matrix, as well as extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we explore how these modulators can be suitable targets for anticancer therapy and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo D'Angelo
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria–CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine–REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Cà Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria–CORIS, Veneto Region, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Citta della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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31
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Li M, Bai YT, Han K, Li XD, Meng J. Knockdown of ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adaptor protein exerts a tumor-suppressive effect in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3337-3347. [PMID: 32266031 PMCID: PMC7132229 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common malignancy in oral cancer with a high mortality and morbidity. The ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adaptor protein (EDARADD) is a death domain-containing adaptor protein that interacts with the TNF family ligand ectodysplasin A receptor. It is known that EDARADD has an effect on the development of ectodermal derivative tissues, such as hair and teeth. EDARADD expression is also associated with the development of melanoma. However, the role of EDARADD in TSCC remains unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to explore whether EDARADD plays a role in the biological function of TSCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of EDARADD in TSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissue. EDARADD was knocked down in a TSCC cell line in vitro using a specific lentivirus. The expression level of the EDARADD gene and the efficacy of gene knockdown were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, while EDARADD protein expression and the expression levels of Bcl-2, MYC and NF-κBp65 were determined by western blotting. Additionally, MTT assays, colony formation assays and apoptosis assays were carried out to examine the effect of EDARADD knockdown on the TSCC cells. A previous study showed that the majority of the TSCC tissues that were tested had high EDARADD expression. The expression of EDARADD both at mRNA and protein levels was significantly lower (P<0.01) after the gene was knocked down in the CAL27 cells compared with the level in control cells. Downregulation of EDARADD expression inhibited colony formation and proliferation and induced apoptosis of CAL27 cells when compared to control cells (P<0.01). Taken together, these results suggested that EDARADD may be actively involved in the progression of TSCC and that EDARADD may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Bai
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, The Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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32
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Wu Z, Han X, Tan G, Zhu Q, Chen H, Xia Y, Gong J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yan J. Dioscin Inhibited Glycolysis and Induced Cell Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer via Promoting c-myc Ubiquitination and Subsequent Hexokinase-2 Suppression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:31-44. [PMID: 32021252 PMCID: PMC6954095 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dioscin is a natural product isolated from traditional Chinese medicines and is reported to have antitumor activities against several cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate its potency against colorectal cancers, especially the effects on tumor glycolysis, and to elaborate related molecular mechanisms. Methods The antitumor activities of dioscin were evaluated by cell proliferation assays and colony formation assays in vitro and the mouse xenograft models in vivo. The effects of dioscin on tumor glycolysis were determined by measuring glucose absorption and lactate generation. Cell apoptosis was detected by cleaved PARP and the activity of caspase-3. Protein overexpression or gene knockdown was conducted to illustrate molecular mechanisms. Immunoprecipitation experiments were applied to identify the interaction between different proteins. Results Dioscin substantially inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed the xenograft growth in nude mice. After dioscin treatment, with the suppression of hexokinase-2, the tumor glycolysis was significantly decreased. Dioscin substantially impaired the interaction between hexokinase-2 and VDAC-1, and induced cell apoptosis. Exogenous overexpression of hexokinase-2 significantly antagonized the glycolysis suppression and apoptosis induction by dioscin. Through enhancing the binding of E3 ligase FBW7 to c-myc, dioscin promoted the ubiquitination of c-myc and gave rise to c-myc degradation, which contributed to the inhibition of hexokinase-2. Conclusion Our studies revealed a novel mechanism by which dioscin exerted its antitumor activity in colorectal cancer, and verified that dioscin or its analog might have potentials for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Gewen Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Cai H, Li J, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Hou J. LDHA Promotes Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through Facilitating Glycolysis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1446. [PMID: 31921691 PMCID: PMC6930919 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is the main pathway for energy metabolism in cancer cells. It provides energy and biosynthetic substances for tumor progression and metastasis by increasing lactate production. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) promotes glycolysis process by catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Despite LDHA exhibiting carcinogenesis in various cancers, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. This study demonstrated that LDHA was over-expressed in both OSCC tissues and cell lines, and was significantly associated with lower overall survival rates in patients with OSCC. Using weighted gene correlation network analysis and gene set enrichment analysis for the gene expression data of patients with OSCC (obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database), a close association was identified between epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and LDHA in promoting OSCC progression. The knockdown of LDHA suppressed EMT, cell proliferation, and migration and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro. Moreover, the silencing of LDHA inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Oxamate, as a competitive LDHA inhibitor, was also suppressed diverse malignant biocharacteristics of OSCC cells. Our findings reveal that LDHA acts as an oncogene to promote malignant progression of OSCC by facilitating glycolysis and EMT, and LDHA may be a potential anticancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Rihan M, Nalla LV, Dharavath A, Shard A, Kalia K, Khairnar A. Pyruvate Kinase M2: a Metabolic Bug in Re-Wiring the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:149-167. [PMID: 31183810 PMCID: PMC6937361 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a newly emerged hallmark of cancer attaining a recent consideration as an essential factor for the progression and endurance of cancer cells. A prime event of this altered metabolism is increased glucose uptake and discharge of lactate into the cells surrounding constructing a favorable tumor niche. Several oncogenic factors help in promoting this consequence including, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in tumor metabolism via exhibiting its low pyruvate kinase activity and nuclear moon-lightening functions to increase the synthesis of lactate and macromolecules for tumor proliferation. Not only its role in cancer cells but also its role in the tumor microenvironment cells has to be understood for developing the small molecules against it which is lacking with the literature till date. Therefore, in this present review, the role of PKM2 with respect to various tumor niche cells will be clarified. Further, it highlights the updated list of therapeutics targeting PKM2 pre-clinically and clinically with their added limitations. This upgraded understanding of PKM2 may provide a pace for the reader in developing chemotherapeutic strategies for better clinical survival with limited resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Anil Dharavath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, -382355, India.
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35
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Kang H, Kim H, Lee S, Youn H, Youn B. Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082042. [PMID: 31027222 PMCID: PMC6514888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be an essential step for cancer metastasis. Tumor cells undergo EMT in response to a diverse range of extra- and intracellular stimulants. Recently, it was reported that metabolic shifts control EMT progression and induce tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we summarize the involvement of altered glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolic enzyme expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in EMT induction in tumor cells. Moreover, we propose that metabolic regulation through gene-specific or pharmacological inhibition may suppress EMT and this treatment strategy may be applied to prevent tumor progression and improve anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. This review presents evidence for the importance of metabolic changes in tumor progression and emphasizes the need for further studies to better understand tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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