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Fu TC, Wang GR, Li YX, Xu ZF, Wang C, Zhang RC, Ma QT, Ma YJ, Guo Y, Dai XY, Guo Y. Mobilizing endogenous neuroprotection: the mechanism of the protective effect of acupuncture on the brain after stroke. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1181670. [PMID: 38737099 PMCID: PMC11084281 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1181670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given its high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates, ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease posing a substantial public health threat. Although early thrombolytic therapy is effective in IS treatment, the limited time frame for its administration presents a formidable challenge. Upon occurrence, IS triggers an ischemic cascade response, inducing the brain to generate endogenous protective mechanisms against excitotoxicity and inflammation, among other pathological processes. Stroke patients often experience limited recovery stages. As a result, activating their innate self-protective capacity [endogenous brain protection (EBP)] is essential for neurological function recovery. Acupuncture has exhibited clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) treatment by promoting the human body's self-preservation and "Zheng Qi" (a term in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) describing positive capabilities such as self-immunity, self-recovery, and disease prevention). According to research, acupuncture can modulate astrocyte activity, decrease oxidative stress (OS), and protect neurons by inhibiting excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis via activating endogenous protective mechanisms within the brain. Furthermore, acupuncture was found to modulate microglia transformation, thereby reducing inflammation and autoimmune responses, as well as promoting blood flow restoration by regulating the vasculature or the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the precise mechanism underlying these processes remains unclear. Consequently, this review aims to shed light on the potential acupuncture-induced endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms by critically examining experimental evidence on the preventive and therapeutic effects exerted by acupuncture on CIS. This review offers a theoretical foundation for acupuncture-based stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-cong Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-fang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Run-chen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-tao Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-jing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-yu Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Nassar A, Kodi T, Satarker S, Gurram PC, Fayaz SM, Nampoothiri M. Astrocytic transcription factors REST, YY1, and putative microRNAs in Parkinson's disease and advanced therapeutic strategies. Gene 2024; 892:147898. [PMID: 37832803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TF) and microRNAs are regulatory factors in astrocytes and are linked to several Parkinson's disease (PD) progression causes, such as disruption of glutamine transporters in astrocytes and concomitant disrupted glutamine uptake and inflammation. REST, a crucial TF, has been documented as an epigenetic repressor that limits the expression of neuronal genes in non-neural cells. REST activity is significantly linked to its corepressors in astrocytes, specifically histone deacetylases (HDACs), CoREST, and MECP2. Another REST-regulating TF, YY1, has been studied in astrocytes, and its interaction with REST has been investigated. In this review, the molecular processes that support the astrocytic control of REST and YY1 in terms of the regulation of glutamate transporter EAAT2 were addressed in a more detailed and comprehensive manner. Both TFs' function in astrocytes and how astrocyte abnormalities cause PD is still a mystery. Moreover, microRNAs (short non-coding RNAs) are key regulators that have been correlated to the expression and regulation of numerous genes linked to PD. The identification of numerous miRs that are engaged in astrocyte dysfunction that triggers PD has been shown. The term "Gut-brain axis" refers to the two systems' mutual communication. Gut microbial dysbiosis, which mediates an imbalance of the gut-brain axis, might contribute to neurodegenerative illnesses through altered astrocytic regulation. New treatment approaches to modify the gut-brain axis and prevent astrocytic repercussions have also been investigated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - S M Fayaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Ji M, Niu SQ, Mi HY, Jiang P, Li Y. Vinpocetine improves dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14358. [PMID: 37749299 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder. It reduces motor and cognitive function in patients. Vinpocetine (Vinp) has the effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and could improve cognitive function in patients. This study was aimed to investigating the therapeutic effects of Vinp on dyskinesia in a 6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. We constructed a PD rat model by injecting 6-OHDA, and intervened with Vinp for 7 days. The motor function of the rats was evaluated by an open-field test and rotation test. Besides, H&E staining was applied to observe the changes of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat striatum were detected. We assessed the impact of Vinp on α-synuclein (α-Syn) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related molecules by western blot and qRT-PCR. Rats in the PD group showed reduced horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, increased contact time and rotation frequency, and reduced number of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by severe morphological damage. Vinp treatment increased the horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, reduced the contact time, and rotation frequency in PD rats. Also, Vinp downregulated α-Syn protein expression and MDA level, while upregulated SOD activity in the striatum of PD rats. Furthermore, Vinp treatment activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the striatum of PD rats. In conclusion, Vinp improved the dyskinesia in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats by alleviating oxidative stress, and these effects may be associated with activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qin Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yin Mi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Estridge RC, O’Neill JE, Keung AJ. Matrigel Tunes H9 Stem Cell-Derived Human Cerebral Organoid Development. ORGANOIDS 2023; 2:165-176. [PMID: 38196836 PMCID: PMC10776236 DOI: 10.3390/organoids2040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Human cerebral organoids are readily generated from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells and are useful in studying human neurodevelopment. Recent work with human cerebral organoids have explored the creation of different brain regions and the impacts of soluble and mechanical cues. Matrigel is a gelatinous, heterogenous mixture of extracellular matrix proteins, morphogens, and growth factors secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells. It is a core component of almost all cerebral organoid protocols, generally supporting neuroepithelial budding and tissue polarization; yet, its roles and effects beyond its general requirement in organoid protocols are not well understood, and its mode of delivery is variable, including the embedding of organoids within it or its delivery in soluble form. Given its widespread usage, we asked how H9 stem cell-derived hCO development and composition are affected by Matrigel dosage and delivery method. We found Matrigel exposure influences organoid size, morphology, and cell type composition. We also showed that greater amounts of Matrigel promote an increase in the number of choroid plexus (ChP) cells, and this increase is regulated by the BMP4 pathway. These results illuminate the effects of Matrigel on human cerebral organoid development and the importance of delivery mode and amount on organoid phenotype and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Chris Estridge
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jennifer E. O’Neill
- Genetics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Albert J. Keung
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Gamit N, Dharmarajan A, Sethi G, Warrier S. Want of Wnt in Parkinson's disease: Could sFRP disrupt interplay between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115566. [PMID: 37088155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) is a transcription factor known to regulate the development and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Reports have confirmed that defect or obliteration of Nurr1 results in neurodegeneration and motor function impairment leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have also indicated that Nurr1 regulates the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) and mutations in Nurr1 cause α-SYN overexpression, thereby increasing the risk of PD. Nurr1 is modulated via various pathways including Wnt signaling pathway which is known to play an important role in neurogenesis and deregulation of it contributes to PD pathogenesis. Both Wnt/β-catenin dependent and independent pathways are implicated in the activation of Nurr1 and subsequent downregulation of α-SYN. This review highlights the interaction between Nurr1 and Wnt signaling pathways in mDA neuronal development. We further hypothesize how modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by its antagonist, secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) could be a potential route to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600 116, India; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117 600, Singapore
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
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6
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Fontana IC, Souza DG, Souza DO, Gee A, Zimmer ER, Bongarzone S. A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective on Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2330-2346. [PMID: 36787643 PMCID: PMC9969404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) plays a key role in the clearance and recycling of glutamate - the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. EAAT2 loss/dysfunction triggers a cascade of neurodegenerative events, comprising glutamatergic excitotoxicity and neuronal death. Nevertheless, our current knowledge regarding EAAT2 in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), is restricted to post-mortem analysis of brain tissue and experimental models. Thus, detecting EAAT2 in the living human brain might be crucial to improve diagnosis/therapy for ALS and AD. This perspective article describes the role of EAAT2 in physio/pathological processes and provides a structure-activity relationship of EAAT2-binders, bringing two perspectives: therapy (activators) and diagnosis (molecular imaging tools).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Blickagången 16 - Neo floor seventh, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antony Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (PPGBioq), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala, 305 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Porto Alegre, Brazil.,McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Kim S, Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Aschner M, Lee E. Role of Astrocytes in Parkinson's Disease Associated with Genetic Mutations and Neurotoxicants. Cells 2023; 12:622. [PMID: 36831289 PMCID: PMC9953822 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the aggregation of Lewy bodies in the basal ganglia, resulting in movement impairment referred to as parkinsonism. However, the etiology of PD is not well known, with genetic factors accounting only for 10-15% of all PD cases. The pathogenetic mechanism of PD is not completely understood, although several mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, have been suggested. Understanding the mechanisms of PD pathogenesis is critical for developing highly efficacious therapeutics. In the PD brain, dopaminergic neurons degenerate mainly in the basal ganglia, but recently emerging evidence has shown that astrocytes also significantly contribute to dopaminergic neuronal death. In this review, we discuss the role of astrocytes in PD pathogenesis due to mutations in α-synuclein (PARK1), DJ-1 (PARK7), parkin (PARK2), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2, PARK8), and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1, PARK6). We also discuss PD experimental models using neurotoxins, such as paraquat, rotenone, 6-hydroxydopamine, and MPTP/MPP+. A more precise and comprehensive understanding of astrocytes' modulatory roles in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD will help develop novel strategies for effective PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Liu F, Qu L, Li H, He J, Wang L, Fang Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Peng B, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in Biomedical Functions of Natural Whitening Substances in the Treatment of Skin Pigmentation Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2308. [PMID: 36365128 PMCID: PMC9697978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation diseases can lead to significant color differences between the affected part and the normal part, resulting in severe psychological and emotional distress among patients. The treatment of pigmentation diseases with good patient compliance is mainly in the form of topical drugs. However, conventional hydroquinone therapy contributes to several pathological conditions, such as erythema, dryness, and skin desquamation, and requires a longer treatment time to show significant results. To address these shortcomings, natural whitening substances represented by kojic acid and arbutin have gradually become the candidate ingredients of traditional local preparations due to their excellent biological safety. This review focuses on several natural whitening substances with potential therapeutic effects in pigmentation disease and their mechanisms, and a thorough discussion has been conducted into the solution methods for the challenges involved in the practical application of natural whitening substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese–American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou City and Kunlong Technology Co., Ltd. Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells improve movement disorders and tyrosine hydroxylase neuronal damage in Parkinson disease rats. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1105-1120. [PMID: 35973920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) demonstrate high proliferation, trilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties. Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common type of neurodegenerative disease. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of GMSC-based therapy in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD rats. METHODS RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics technology was used to validate the neuroprotective role of GMSCs therapeutic in 6-Hydroxydopamine -induced PD model in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR verified the molecular mechanism of GMSCs treatment. RESULTS Intravenous injection of GMSCs improved rotation and forelimb misalignment behavior, enhanced the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2/B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X axis, protected tyrosine hydroxylase neurons, decreased the activation of astrocytes and reduced the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the substantia nigra and striatum of PD rats. The authors found that GMSCs upregulated nerve regeneration-related molecules and inhibited metabolic disorders and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. GMSCs showed a strong ability to protect neurons and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential damage and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The safety of GMSC transplantation was confirmed by the lack of tumor formation following subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice for up to 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The authors' research helps to explain the mechanism of GMSC-based therapeutic strategies and promote potential clinical application in Parkinson disease.
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10
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Karabicici M, Azbazdar Y, Iscan E, Ozhan G. Misregulation of Wnt Signaling Pathways at the Plasma Membrane in Brain and Metabolic Diseases. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34832073 PMCID: PMC8621778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways constitute a group of signal transduction pathways that direct many physiological processes, such as development, growth, and differentiation. Dysregulation of these pathways is thus associated with many pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. At the same time, alterations are observed in plasma membrane compositions, lipid organizations, and ordered membrane domains in brain and metabolic diseases that are associated with Wnt signaling pathway activation. Here, we discuss the relationships between plasma membrane components-specifically ligands, (co) receptors, and extracellular or membrane-associated modulators-to activate Wnt pathways in several brain and metabolic diseases. Thus, the Wnt-receptor complex can be targeted based on the composition and organization of the plasma membrane, in order to develop effective targeted therapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Karabicici
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Evin Iscan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey; (M.K.); (Y.A.); (E.I.)
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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Kaur J, Mazzone GL, Aquino JB, Nistri A. Nicotine Neurotoxicity Involves Low Wnt1 Signaling in Spinal Locomotor Networks of the Postnatal Rodent Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179572. [PMID: 34502498 PMCID: PMC8431663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The postnatal rodent spinal cord in-vitro is a useful model to investigate early pathophysiological changes after injury. While low dose nicotine (1 µM) induces neuroprotection, how higher doses affect spinal networks is unknown. Using spinal preparations of postnatal wild-type Wistar rat and Wnt1Cre2:Rosa26Tom double-transgenic mouse, we studied the effect of nicotine (0.5–10 µM) on locomotor networks in-vitro. Nicotine 10 µM induced motoneuron depolarization, suppressed monosynaptic reflexes, and decreased fictive locomotion in rat spinal cord. Delayed fall in neuronal numbers (including motoneurons) of central and ventral regions emerged without loss of dorsal neurons. Conversely, nicotine (0.5–1 µM) preserved neurons throughout the spinal cord and strongly activated the Wnt1 signaling pathway. High-dose nicotine enhanced expression of S100 and GFAP in astrocytes indicating a stress response. Excitotoxicity induced by kainate was contrasted by nicotine (10 µM) in the dorsal area and persisted in central and ventral regions with no change in basal Wnt signaling. When combining nicotine with kainate, the activation of Wnt1 was reduced compared to kainate/sham. The present results suggest that high dose nicotine was neurotoxic to central and ventral spinal neurons as the neuroprotective role of Wnt signaling became attenuated. This also corroborates the risk of cigarette smoking for the foetus/newborn since tobacco contains nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.M.); Tel.: +45-5260-1502 (J.K.); +54-23-0438-7425 (G.L.M.)
| | - Graciela L. Mazzone
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.M.); Tel.: +45-5260-1502 (J.K.); +54-23-0438-7425 (G.L.M.)
| | - Jorge B. Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
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Unterman I, Bloch I, Cazacu S, Kazimirsky G, Ben-Zeev B, Berman BP, Brodie C, Tabach Y. Expanding the MECP2 network using comparative genomics reveals potential therapeutic targets for Rett syndrome. eLife 2021; 10:e67085. [PMID: 34355696 PMCID: PMC8346285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (MECP2) gene are the main cause of Rett syndrome (RTT). Despite extensive research into MECP2 function, no treatments for RTT are currently available. Here, we used an evolutionary genomics approach to construct an unbiased MECP2 gene network, using 1028 eukaryotic genomes to prioritize proteins with strong co-evolutionary signatures with MECP2. Focusing on proteins targeted by FDA-approved drugs led to three promising targets, two of which were previously linked to MECP2 function (IRAK, KEAP1) and one that was not (EPOR). The drugs targeting these three proteins (Pacritinib, DMF, and EPO) were able to rescue different phenotypes of MECP2 inactivation in cultured human neural cell types, and appeared to converge on Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in inflammation. This study highlights the potential of comparative genomics to accelerate drug discovery, and yields potential new avenues for the treatment of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Unterman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaJerusalemIsrael
| | - Idit Bloch
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaJerusalemIsrael
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford HospitalDetroitUnited States
| | - Gila Kazimirsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical CenterRamat GanIsrael
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaJerusalemIsrael
| | - Chaya Brodie
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-CanadaJerusalemIsrael
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Wang Y, Su Y, Yu G, Wang X, Chen X, Yu B, Cheng Y, Li R, Sáez JC, Yi C, Xiao L, Niu J. Reduced Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Impairs Astrocytic Development in Early Life Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101181. [PMID: 34155833 PMCID: PMC8373108 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte maldevelopment is implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases associated with early life stress. However, the underlying astrocytopathy mechanism, which can result in the psychiatric symptoms, remains unclear. In this study, it is shown that a reduced oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) population accompanies hindered hippocampal astrocytic development in an improved parental isolation mouse model, and that the loss of OPCs suppresses astrocytic network formation and activity. It is further demonstrated that OPC-derived Wnt ligands, in particular Wnt7b, are required for Wnt/β-catenin pathway-mediated astrocytic development and subsequent effects related to neuronal function. In addition, focal replenishment of Wnt7a/b is sufficient to rescue astrocytic maldevelopment. These results elucidate a Wnt-paracrine-dependent but myelin-independent role of OPCs in regulating astrocytic development, which provides a unique insight into the astrocytopathy mechanism in early life stress, and can be implicated in the pathogenesis of human early life stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yixun Su
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Research CentreSeventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Guangdan Yu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Department of Neurosurgery2nd affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Yijun Cheng
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de NeurocienciaCentro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de ValparaísoValparaíso2381850Chile
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research CentreSeventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
- Department of Neurosurgery2nd affiliated HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurobiologyBrain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education CommissionThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
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14
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Li X, Wang W, Yan J, Zeng F. Glutamic Acid Transporters: Targets for Neuroprotective Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678154. [PMID: 34220434 PMCID: PMC8242205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly individuals. At present, no effective drug has been developed to treat PD. Although a variety of drugs exist for the symptomatic treatment of PD, they all have strong side effects. Most studies on PD mainly focus on dopaminergic neurons. This review highlights the function of glutamic acid transporters (GLTs), including excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs), during the development of PD. In addition, using bioinformatics, we compared the expression of different types of glutamate transporter genes in the cingulate gyrus of PD patients and healthy controls. More importantly, we suggest that the functional roles of glutamate transporters may prove beneficial in the treatment of PD. In summary, VGLUTs and EAATs may be potential targets in the treatment of PD. VGLUTs and EAATs can be used as clinical drug targets to achieve better efficacy. Through this review article, we hope to enable future researchers to improve the condition of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Potential Roles of the WNT Signaling Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040839. [PMID: 33917816 PMCID: PMC8068170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays an important role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the central nervous system and the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We reviewed the literature pertinent to WNT/β–catenin signaling in ALS from cellular studies, animal models, and human clinical trials. WNT, WNT receptors, and other components of the WNT signaling pathway are expressed in both ALS patients and transgenic mice, and are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Studies have shown that abnormal activation of the WNT/β–catenin signaling pathway is related to neuronal degeneration and glial cell proliferation. WNT/Ca2+ signaling is associated with the pro–inflammatory phenotype of microglia; data on the muscle skeletal receptor Tyr kinase receptor in superoxide dismutase–1–G93A mice indicate that gene therapy is necessary for successful treatment of ALS. The varying profiles of lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 antibodies in different ethnic groups suggest that individual treatment and multifactorial personalized approaches may be necessary for effective ALS therapy. In conclusion, the WNT signaling pathway is important to the ALS disease process, making it a likely therapeutic target.
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Pivotal Role of Fyn Kinase in Parkinson's Disease and Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia: a Novel Therapeutic Target? Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1372-1391. [PMID: 33175322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, although many cellular mechanisms including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative damage, excessive neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis are implicated in its pathogenesis. There is still no disease-modifying treatment for PD and the gold standard therapy, chronic use of levodopa is usually accompanied by severe side effects, mainly levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Hence, the elucidation of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Fyn is a tyrosine phospho-transferase of the Src family nonreceptor kinases that is highly implicated in immune regulation, cell proliferation and normal brain development. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the emerging role of Fyn in key aspects of PD and LID pathogenesis: it may regulate α-synuclein phosphorylation, oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, enhanced neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity by mediating key signaling pathways, such as BDNF/TrkB, PKCδ, MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, and NMDAR axes. These findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of Fyn or Fyn-related pathways may represent a novel approach in PD treatment. Saracatinib, a nonselective Fyn inhibitor, has already been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, and novel selective Fyn inhibitors are under investigation. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of Fyn in the pathogenesis of PD and LID and provide insights on additional Fyn-related molecular mechanisms to be explored in PD and LID pathology that could aid in the development of future Fyn-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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