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Klichkhanov NK, Suleimanova MN. Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Effects of Several Astragalus Species (Fabaceae). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2024:10.1134/S0012496624701096. [PMID: 39128957 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496624701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The review integrates information on the component composition and biological activity of some Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) species from studies reported over the past 5-7 years. The aerial and underground parts of 34 Astragalus species contain triterpene saponins, flavonoids, polisaccharides, tannins, free organic acids, higher fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, and other constituents. Among the Astragalus species, A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is the best studied in terms of component composition and biological activity. Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, and hepathoprotective activities have been experimentally detected in total bioactive substances, fractions, and individual compounds extracted from various parsts of A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in vitro and in vivo. The composition and biological effects of other Astragalus species are still poorly understood. The review summarizes the recent advances in studying new compounds extracted from Astragalus species and their biological activities.
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Mo C, Zhao J, Liang J, Chen Y, Wang H, Dai Y, Huang G. Effects of Zhuang medicine compound Xiancao Granule on diabetic kidney disease: A multi-omics analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117517. [PMID: 38042391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a severe threat to human health. Compound Xiancao Granule (CXCG), a classic Zhuang medicinal formula, is reported as highly effective in treating DKD. However, the mechanisms underlying the action of CXCG in DKD remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of CXCG against DKD using multi-omics analysis, including 16s rRNA sequencing, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical compounds of CXCG were identified using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. A rat model of DKD was established by combining nephrectomy of the left kidney, high-fat diet, and streptozotocin. The therapeutic effects of CXCG on DKD were assessed based on body weight, blood glucose level, renal function, inflammatory cytokine levels, and histological staining. Subsequently, 16s rRNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomic profiling, and RNA sequencing analysis were used to investigate the mechanisms of action of CXCG in DKD. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to elucidate the correlations between efficacy indicators, gut microbiota, metabolites, and inflammation-related genes. RESULTS A total of 118 compounds were identified in CXCG. CXCG significantly ameliorated glucose metabolism disorders, improved renal function, attenuated inflammation, and delayed renal pathological changes in DKD rats. CXCG modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, including Alloprevotella, Oscillibacter, Anaeroplasma, Anaerotruncus, and Faecalibacterium. In addition, metabolic disruption in DKD rats was regulated by CXCG, which is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Transcriptome analysis showed that CXCG affected DKD mainly by regulating inflammation-related genes and pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between efficacy indicators, gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes. CONCLUSION This multi-omics association study provides novel insights into the effects of CXCG on DKD by remodeling the gut microbiota structure and restoring the metabolic homeostasis through the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and inflammation-related pathways, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, PR China; Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, PR China.
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, PR China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Huiling Wang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Yuchong Dai
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, PR China.
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, PR China.
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Alagawany M, Farag MR, Al-Harthi MA, Asiry KA, Bovera F, Attia YA. The use of Astragalus membranaceus as an eco-friendly alternative for antibiotics in diets of Japanese quail breeders. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102909. [PMID: 37478618 PMCID: PMC10387600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature Japanese quails (n. 180), aged 8 wk, were divided into 6 groups to evaluate the influence of dietary Astragalus membranaceus powder on laying and reproductive performances, quality of egg, and blood metabolites. A completely randomized design experiment was performed including 6 groups. The first group of quails was served as control (basal diet). While, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th group of quails fed a basal diet supplemented with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g of AM powder/kg diet, respectively. Egg number (EN), weight (EW), and mass (EM) were not significantly influenced by dietary Astragalus membranaceus at all tested levels. The hatchability percentage was quadratically improved by dietary supplementation of A. membranaceus. Dietary supplementation of A. membranaceus positively affects (linear and quadratic) liver and kidney functions. Plasma total cholesterol (TC; P < 0.001) and Triglyceride (TG; P < 0.001) were linearly and quadratically decreased by dietary A. membranaceus increasing level. Blood urea level decreased with increasing A. membranaceus levels in the quail diet. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) were higher than the control at all A. membranaceus levels. In conclusion, feeding quail breeders with Astragalus membranaceus at 1 g/kg diet has beneficial effects on feed conversion ratio; on production at 2 g/kg diet; on hatchability and immunity at 5 g/kg diet; and on total cholesterol at 3 g/kg diet and on shell quality at 4 g/kg diet. A. membranaceus products are expected to be novel valuable dietary supplements for poultry production, depending on the target trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Al-Harthi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Youssef A Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tong J, Zheng Q, Gu X, Weng Q, Yu S, Fang Z, Jafar Hussain HM, Xu J, Ren H, Chen N, Xie J. COL4A3 Mutation Induced Podocyte Apoptosis by Dysregulation of NADPH Oxidase 4 and MMP-2. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1864-1874. [PMID: 37705901 PMCID: PMC10496016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Podocyte apoptosis is a common mechanism driving progression in Alport syndrome (AS). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of podocyte apoptosis caused by COL4A3 mutations. Methods We recruited patients with autosomal dominant AS (ADAS). Patients with minimal change disease (MCD) were recruited as controls. Microarray analysis was carried out on isolated glomeruli from the patients and validated. Then, corresponding mutant human podocytes (p.C1616Y) and 129 mice (p.C1615Y, the murine homolog to the human p.C1616Y) were constructed. The highest differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from microarray analysis were validated in transgenic mice and podocytes before and after administration of MMP-2 inhibitor (SB-3CT) and NOX4 inhibitor (GKT137831). We further validated NOX4/MMP-2/apoptosis pathway by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blot in renal tissues from the ADAS patients. Results Using microarray analysis, we observed that DEGs, including NOX4/H2O2, MMP-2, and podocyte apoptosis-related genes were significantly upregulated. These genes were validated by real-time PCR, histologic analysis, and western blot in corresponding mutant human podocyte (p.C1616Y) and/or mice models (p.C1615Y). Moreover, we found podocyte apoptosis was abrogated and MMP-2 expression was down-regulated both in vivo and in vitro by NOX4 inhibition, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, 24-hour proteinuria; and renal pathologic lesion was attenuated by NOX4 inhibition in vivo. Furthermore, podocyte apoptosis was attenuated whereas NOX4 expression remained the same by inhibition of MMP-2 both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion These results indicated that NOX4 might induce podocyte apoptosis through the regulation of MMP-2 in patients with COL4A3 mutations. Our findings provided new insights into the mechanism of ADAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qimin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangchen Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengying Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu Q, Li J, Gu M, Kong W, Lin Z, Mao J, Zhang M, Jiang L, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu J. High-Throughput Phytochemical Unscrambling of Flowers Originating from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. by Applying the Intagretive Plant Metabolomics Method Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:6115. [PMID: 37630367 PMCID: PMC10458299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao (MO) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. (ME) are two primary sources of the Astragalus herb, also known as "Huangqi" in China, which is widely applied to treat hypertension, glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. As two different sources of the Astragalus herb, the chemical profiles of MO and ME may be different. Previous studies showed abundant differences in chemical composition between MO and ME. Therefore, the by-products of MO and ME, such as Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) P. K. Hsiao flower (MOF) and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bug. flower (MEF), may have different phytochemical profiles. In this paper, a metabolomics method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the components of MOF and MEF. Consequently, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that MOF and MEF could be separated clearly. In total, 31 chemical markers differentiating MOF and MEF were successfully identified, including 22 flavonoids, 8 isoflavones and 1 benzopyran. Among them, the contents of 18 components, including Calycosin, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Quercetin, Rutin, Kaempferol, Formononetin, Isomucronulatol and Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in MEF, were significantly higher than in MOF. In turn, the contents of another 13 components, covering Biochanin A, Tectoridin, Isomucronulatol-7-O-glucoside, Liquiritin, Rhamnetin, etc., were lower in the MEF group than that in the MOF group. It is worth noting that flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, were the primary active chemical ingredients in MOF and MEF. The 18 ingredients in MEF with a higher level carried out diverse activities, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor activities, which led us to speculate that MEF may have greater pharmacological effects and potential development prospects than MOF. The present results displayed that the contents of ingredients in the two different species of plants were radically different, and there was significant uniqueness to the components of MOF and MEF. Our study not only provides helpful chemical information for further quality assessment and active mechanism research of MOF and MEF but also offers scientific support for the resource utilization of MOF and MEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jinghui Li
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Wanying Kong
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Liyan Jiang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Can Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (M.G.); (W.K.); (Z.L.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
- The Research Institute of Astragalus Industry, Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences, Qiqihar Medical University, Bukui Street 333, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Li C, Shan W, Liang X, Zhang Q, Qin X, Jiang S, Hong X, Wang L, Li P, Gu H, Wang Y, Bao K. The efficacy and safety of Sanqi Qushi Granule in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy --protocol of a multicenter, randomized control trial (SQ-AUTUMN). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 37106336 PMCID: PMC10134584 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult nephropathy is mainly caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). In cases of proteinuria, Modified Ponticelli Regimens (MPR) are often successful. However, it can cause adverse side effects. Oral Sanqi Qushi Granule (SQG) with MPR is effective in patients with IMN. However, whether it can improve the remission rate of IMN and shorten the remission time is unknown. In this trial, SQG with MPR on IMN will be evaluated clinically for its efficacy and safety. METHODS We will randomly assign IMN patients who meet the criteria to receives SQG plus cyclical Cyclophosphamide (CTX)/steroids or with placebo plus cyclical CTX/steroids for 6 months. A 12-month follow-up will be conducted on them. Status of remission will be used to assess treatment efficacy. DISCUSSION This study aims to appraise whether treatment with SQG plus cyclical CTX/steroids is superior to placebo plus cyclical CTX/steroids in the remission rate of patients with adult IMN. Adverse events of SQG plus MPR will be also evaluated for further researches about Chinese Medicine and MPR on whether it can improve the remission rate of IMN in half a year and shorten the remission time and relieve adverse effects will also be clarified. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200061953 . Registered on 13 July 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liang
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xindong Qin
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Jiang
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Hong
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowen Gu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Nephrology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Z, Jian G, Chen T, Chen Y, Li J, Wang N. The Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula ameliorates renal dysfunction and fibrosis in rats with diabetic kidney disease <em>via</em> regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67. [PMID: 36856315 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a growing public health problem worldwide. Losartan potassium (Los), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has been used to treat DKD clinically. Recently, multi-herbal formula has been shown to exhibit therapeutic activities in DKD in China. Thus, we aimed to explore the protective effects of combination of Los and Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula (QBF) on DKD rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to establish a rat model of DKD. Next, the bloodurea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) levels were detected in serum samples from DKD rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining were performed to observe glomerular injury and glomerular fibrosis in DKD rats. In this study, we found that QBF or Los treatment could decrease serum BUN, CRE, UA levels and reduce urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in DKD rats. Additionally, QBF or Los treatment obviously inhibited glomerular mesangial expansion and glomerular fibrosis, attenuated glomerular injury in kidney tissues of DKD rats. Moreover, QBF or Los treatment significantly reduced PI3K, AKT and ERK1/2 protein expressions, but increased PPARγ level in kidney tissues of DKD rats. As expected, combined treatment of QBF and Los could exert enhanced reno-protective effects compared with the single treatment. Collectively, combination of QBF and Los could ameliorate renal injury and fibrosis in DKD rats via regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of QBF to prevent DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Guihua Jian
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Teng Chen
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Yiping Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Junhui Li
- Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai.
| | - Niansong Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
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An X, Xu Y, Gui D. Combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng as Main Components in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2945234. [PMID: 37101717 PMCID: PMC10125758 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2945234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the curative effect of the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng (ARPN) as main components on diabetic nephropathy. Methods We used various Chinese and English databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine Disc (SinoMed), VIP, and Wanfang, to search for randomized controlled trials on the compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng as main components. After data extraction, meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4.0 and Stata 15, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. Result A total of 17 studies involving 1342 patients with diabetic nephropathy were included. Compared with the control group, ARPN can significantly improve the clinical effective rate of diabetic nephropathy (OR 5.12, 95% CI 3.42 to 7.66, P < 0.00001), and the curative effect of reducing UAER (MD -26.67, 95% CI -31.30 to -22.04, P < 0.00001) and 24 h urinary protein (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.41, P < 0.00001) is also significantly better than that of the control group, and it can also improve the renal function(Scr: MD -13.78, 95% CI -25.39 to -2.17, P=0.02; BUN: MD -0.74, 95% CI -1.27 to -0.20, P=0.007). In addition, it can also reduce glycosylated hemoglobin (SMD -1.30, 95% CI -2.33 to -0.27, P=0.01) and blood lipid(TC: SMD -0.62, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.29, P=0.0002; TG: SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.19, P=0.0009; LDL: SMD -0.43, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.18, P=0.0008), and improve the TCM syndrome score (MD -4.87, 95% CI -6.17 to -3.57, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis suggested that the treatment plan of the control group could be the sources of heterogeneity. All the included studies had no obvious adverse effects. Conclusions The compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix notoginseng as the main components can effectively improve the renal function of patients with diabetic nephropathy and delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy. However, the results of this study need further research to be confirmed because of the uncertainty of the evidence and the suboptimal risk bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning An
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liang M, Zhu X, Zhang D, He W, Zhang J, Yuan S, He Q, Jin J. Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi granules inhibit diabetic nephropathy by ameliorating podocyte injury induced by macrophage-derived exosomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962606. [PMID: 36506555 PMCID: PMC9732029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) granule in podocyte damage and diabetic nephropathy (DN) proteinuria and to explore the corresponding mechanism. Methods: The db/db mice were used to establish the DN model. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24 h urinary proteinuria were detected with specific kits. Glomerular structural lesions and podocyte apoptosis were detected through HE staining, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence. The medicated serum of YSHS granule (YSHS-serum) or control serum was prepared. Macrophage-derived exosomes were extracted using an exosome extraction kit. Morphology and the protein concentration of exosomes were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and BCA kit. The activity and apoptosis of podocyte MPC5 cells, the M1 macrophage polarization, and the protein expression of an exosome marker and cleaved caspase were detected by the CCK8 experiment, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. The miR-21a-5p expression in podocytes and the exosomes from macrophages were measured by qRT-PCR. The effect of YSHS granule on the infiltration of M1 macrophages in the kidney tissue in db/db mice was measured by immunofluorescence. Results: The YSHS granule could improve renal function, reduce proteinuria, and inhibit glomerular structural lesions and podocyte apoptosis in db/db mice. High-glucose (HG) stimulation and YSHS granule treatment did not affect the protein concentration in macrophage-derived exosomes. Macrophage-derived exosomes could inhibit the cell viability and increase apoptosis of podocytes, especially the exosomes from macrophages treated with HG and control serum. Compared with the exosomes secreted by macrophages after an HG treatment, the exosome from macrophages treated with HG and YSHS granule showed lower inhibitory effects on podocyte activity, accompanied by the decreased upregulating effects of macrophage-derived exosomes on the miR-21a-5p in podocytes. miR-21a-5p mimics could reduce podocyte activity and promote caspase-3 shearing. M1 polarization of macrophages could change the content of miR-21a-5p in macrophage-derived exosomes. In addition, YSHS granule could inhibit HG-induced M1 polarization of macrophages and M1 macrophage infiltration in renal tissues. Conclusion: The YSHS granule could improve the podocyte injury induced by macrophage-derived exosomes and alleviate the progression of DN. This regulation might be related to the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization by YSHS granule and the reduction of the miR-21a-5p content in macrophage-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liang
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,Department of Nephrology, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfang He
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinshi Zhang
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhu Yuan
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiang He, ; Juan Jin,
| | - Juan Jin
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiang He, ; Juan Jin,
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10
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Chi MH, Chao J, Ko CY, Huang SS. An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900693. [PMID: 36188612 PMCID: PMC9520573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of ischemic heart diseases are due to hyperlipidemia, which has been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. This study was aimed to disassemble and analyze hypolipidemic formulae sold by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies. Using commonly used statistical parameters in ethnopharmacology, we identified the core drug combination of the hypolipidemic formulae, thereby exploring the strategy by which the Taiwanese people select hypolipidemic drugs. Most important of all, we preserved the inherited knowledge of TCM. We visited 116 TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and collected 91 TCM formulae. The formulae were mainly disassembled by macroscopical identification, and the medicinal materials with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) >0.2 were defined as commonly used medicinal materials. Subsequently, we sorted the information of medicinal materials recorded in the Pharmacopeia, searched for modern pharmacological research on commonly used medicinal materials using PubMed database, and visualized data based on the statistical results. Finally, the core hypolipidemic medicinal materials used in folk medicine were obtained. Of the 91 TCM formulae collected in this study, 80 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were used, belonging to 43 families, predominantly Lamiaceae. Roots were the most commonly used part as a medicinal material. There were 17 commonly used medicinal materials. Based on medicinal records in Pharmacopeia, most flavors and properties were warm and pungent, the majority traditional effects were “tonifying and replenishing” and “blood-regulating.” Besides, the targeted diseases searching from modern pharmacological studies were diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The core medicinal materials consisted of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, and the core formulae were Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang and Xie-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. In addition, 7 groups of folk misused medicinal materials were found. Although these TCMs have been used for a long period of time, their hypolipidemic mechanisms remain unclear, and further studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Chi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Shyun Huang,
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11
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Zhao T, Li M, Xiang Q, Lie B, Chen D, Wang W, Li X, Xu T, Zhang X, Li Y, Dong R, Du X, Wang Y, Yang J, He B, Zhu Q, Duan T, Li Z, Xu Y. Yishen Huashi Granules Ameliorated the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy by Reducing the Damage of Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872940. [PMID: 35935814 PMCID: PMC9353776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. At present, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers have been applied as first-class drugs to restrain development of DN; however, its long-term effect is limited. Recent evidence has shown definite effects of Chinese medicine on DN. Yishen Huashi (YSHS) granule is a traditional Chinese Medicine prescription that has been used in the clinic to treat DN, but its mechanism is not understood. Methods: In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out. The DN model was induced by STZ in Wistar rats, and GEnC and HPC cell lines were applied in the in vitro study. Quality of YSHS was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. A metabolomic study of urine was carried out by LC-MS; influence of YSHS on composition of DN was analyzed by network pharmacology. Mechanism of the YSHS on DN was analyzed by Q-PCR, Western Blot, and multi-immunological methods. Results: We found YSHS administration significantly reduced levels of HbA1c and mALB. Histopathological analysis found that YSHS preserved integrity of glomerular filtration barrier by preserving viability of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, inhibiting glomerular fibrosis, reducing oxidative stress damage, and enhancing cross-talk among glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Network pharmacology, differential metabolite analysis, as well as intracellular pathway experimental study demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway played a pivotal role in it. Conclusion: Our present findings supplied new understanding toward the mechanism of YSHS on inhibiting DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Minyi Li
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Beifeng Lie
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqi Chen
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yuntong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Ruixue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xinwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao He
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Duan
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tingting Duan, ; Zhenghai Li, ; Youhua Xu,
| | - Zhenghai Li
- Institute of Consun Co., for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tingting Duan, ; Zhenghai Li, ; Youhua Xu,
| | - Youhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
- Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Tingting Duan, ; Zhenghai Li, ; Youhua Xu,
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12
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Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Quercetin Protecting against Podocyte Injury to Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy through Network Pharmacology, MicroarrayData Analysis, and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7291434. [PMID: 35615688 PMCID: PMC9126727 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7291434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE), a health supplement, can improve renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats by ameliorating podocyte injury. Its clinical trial for renal insufficiency in advanced diabetes (NCT02848131) is currently underway. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of QUE protecting against podocyte injury to attenuate DN through network pharmacology, microarray data analysis, and molecular docking. QUE-associated targets, genes related to both DN, and podocyte injury were obtained from different comprehensive databases and were intersected and analyzed to obtain mapping targets. Candidate targets were identified by constructing network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) of mapping targets and ranked to obtain key targets. The major pathways were obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis of candidate targets via ClueGO plug-in and R project software, respectively. Potential receptor-ligand interactions between QUE and key targets were evaluated via Autodocktools-1.5.6. 41. Candidate targets, of which three key targets (TNF, VEGFA, and AKT1), and the major AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were ascertained and associated with QUE against podocyte injury in DN. Molecular docking models showed that QUE could closely bind to the key targets. This study revealed that QUE could protect against podocyte injury in DN through the following mechanisms: downregulating inflammatory cytokine of TNF, reducing VEGF-induced vascular permeability, inhibiting apoptosis by stimulating AKT1 phosphorylation, and suppressing the AGE-induced oxidative stress via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.
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13
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Huang Q, Chen H, Yin K, Shen Y, Lin K, Guo X, Zhang X, Wang N, Xin W, Xu Y, Gui D. Formononetin Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury and Mitochondrial Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy Partly via Regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901234. [PMID: 35645821 PMCID: PMC9133725 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormality is one of the main factors of tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Formononetin (FMN), a novel isoflavonoid isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, has diverse pharmacological activities. However, the beneficial effects of FMN on renal tubular impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN have yet to be studied. In this study, we performed in vivo tests in Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats to explore the therapeutic effects of FMN on DN. We demonstrated that FMN could ameliorate albuminuria and renal histopathology. FMN attenuated renal tubular cells apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation and restored expression of mitochondrial dynamics-associated proteins, such as Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, as well as apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3. Moreover, FMN upregulated the protein expression of Sirt1 and PGC-1α in diabetic kidneys. In vitro studies further demonstrated that FMN could inhibit high glucose-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. FMN also reduced the production of mitochondrial superoxide and alleviated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Furthermore, FMN partially restored the protein expression of Drp1, Fis1 and Mfn2, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, Sirt1 and PGC-1α in HK-2 cells exposure to high glucose. In conclusion, FMN could attenuate renal tubular injury and mitochondrial damage in DN partly by regulating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanghong Lin
- Graduate School of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xieyi Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Xin
- College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy of Wenshan University, Wenshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenfeng Xin, ; Youhua Xu, Dingkun Gui,
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14
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Yao T, Su W, Han S, Lu Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Podocyte Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816025. [PMID: 35281899 PMCID: PMC8914202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte is also called glomerular epithelial cell, which has been considered as the final gatekeeper of glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). As a major contributor to proteinuria, podocyte injury underlies a variety of glomerular diseases and becomes the challenge to patients and their families in general. At present, the therapeutic methods of podocyte injury mainly include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, steroid and immunosuppressive medications. Nevertheless, the higher cost and side effects seriously disturb patients with podocyte injury. Promisingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has received an increasing amount of attention from different countries in the treatment of podocyte injury by invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing heat and eliminating dampness, as well enriching qi and activating blood. Therefore, we searched articles published in peer-reviewed English-language journals through Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The protective effects of active ingredients, herbs, compound prescriptions, acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of podocyte injury were further summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, we discussed feasible directions for future development, and analyzed existing deficiencies and shortcomings of TCM in the treatment of podocyte injury. In conclusion, this paper shows that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapeutic methods for the treatment of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Su
- Department of Nephrology, The People’s Hospital of Mengzi, Mengzi, China
| | - Shisheng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang,
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15
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Clinical efficacies, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of Chinese medicines for diabetic nephropathy treatment and management. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2749-2767. [PMID: 34589395 PMCID: PMC8463270 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been recognized as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus and a dominant pathogeny of end-stage kidney disease, which causes serious health problems and great financial burden to human society worldwide. Conventional strategies, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, blood glucose level control, and bodyweight reduction, may not achieve satisfactory outcomes in many clinical practices for DN management. Notably, due to the multi-target function, Chinese medicine possesses promising clinical benefits as primary or alternative therapies for DN treatment. Increasing studies have emphasized identifying bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of reno-protective effects of Chinese medicines. Signaling pathways involved in glucose/lipid metabolism regulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and podocyte protection have been identified as crucial mechanisms of action. Herein, we summarize the clinical efficacies of Chinese medicines and their bioactive components in treating and managing DN after reviewing the results demonstrated in clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with a thorough discussion on the relative underlying mechanisms and molecular targets reported in animal and cellular experiments. We aim to provide comprehensive insights into the protective effects of Chinese medicines against DN.
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Key Words
- ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
- ADE, adverse event
- AGEs, advanced glycation end-products
- AM, mesangial area
- AMPKα, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α
- ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker
- AREs, antioxidant response elements
- ATK, protein kinase B
- BAX, BCL-2-associated X protein
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BCL-XL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- BMP-7, bone morphogenetic protein-7
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- BW, body weight
- C, control group
- CCR, creatinine clearance rate
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CI, confidence interval
- COL-I/IV, collagen I/IV
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- Chinese medicine
- D, duration
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DG, glomerular diameter
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- Diabetic kidney disease
- Diabetic nephropathy
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- EP, E-prostanoid receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETAR, endothelium A receptor
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FN, fibronectin
- GCK, glucokinase
- GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GRB 10, growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase 3
- Gαq, Gq protein alpha subunit
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IKK-β, IκB kinase β
- IL-1β/6, interleukin 1β/6
- IR, insulin receptor
- IRE-1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRS, insulin receptor substrate
- IκB-α, inhibitory protein α
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LOX1, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- MD, mean difference
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MMP-2, matrix metallopeptidase 2
- MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Molecular target
- N/A, not applicable
- N/O, not observed
- N/R, not reported
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOX-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-4
- NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- OCP, oxidative carbonyl protein
- ORP150, 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein
- P70S6K, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
- PARP, poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase
- PBG, postprandial blood glucose
- PERK, protein kinase RNA-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2A kinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases
- PINK1, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RAGE, receptors of AGE
- RASI, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor
- RCT, randomized clinical trial
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCr, serum creatinine
- SD, standard deviation
- SD-rat, Sprague–Dawley rat
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- SMAD, small mothers against decapentaplegic
- SMD, standard mean difference
- SMURF-2, SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2
- SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Signaling pathway
- T, treatment group
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TG, triglyceride
- TGBM, thickness of glomerular basement membrane
- TGF-β, tumor growth factor β
- TGFβR-I/II, TGF-β receptor I/II
- TII, tubulointerstitial injury index
- TLR-2/4, toll-like receptor 2/4
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TRAF5, tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5
- UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
- UAER, urinary albumin excretion rate
- UMA, urinary microalbumin
- UP, urinary protein
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WMD, weight mean difference
- XBP-1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- eGFR, estimated GFR
- eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IRS1, phospho-IRS1
- p62, sequestosome 1 protein
- α-SMA, α smooth muscle actin
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16
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Silva AM, Souto SB, Guerra F, Severino P, Zaccardelli M, Souto EB, Santini A. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo.
Graphic abstract
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Su J, Gao C, Xie L, Fan Y, Shen Y, Huang Q, Wang N, Xu Y, Yang N, Gui D. Astragaloside II Ameliorated Podocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638422. [PMID: 33796024 PMCID: PMC8008105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside II (AS II), a novel saponin purified from Astragalus membranes, has been reported to modulate the immune response, repair tissue injury, and prevent inflammatory response. However, the protective effects of AS II on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been investigated yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of AS II on podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection at 55 mg/kg in rats. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with losartan (10 mg·kg−1·d−1) or AS II (3.2 and 6.4 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 9 weeks. Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as nondiabetic control group. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), biochemical parameters, renal histopathology and podocyte apoptosis, and morphological changes were evaluated. Expressions of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, such as Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3, as well as Nrf2, Keap1, PINK1, and Parkin, were examined by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR, respectively. Our results indicated that AS II ameliorated albuminuria, renal histopathology, and podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats. AS II also partially restored the renal expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, including Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3. AS II also increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin associated with mitophagy in diabetic rats. Moreover, AS II facilitated antioxidative stress ability via increasing Nrf2 expression and decreasing Keap1 protein level. These results suggested that AS II ameliorated podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rats partly through regulation of Nrf2 and PINK1 pathway. These important findings might provide an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongting Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Nizhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Moore CL, Savenka AV, Basnakian AG. TUNEL Assay: A Powerful Tool for Kidney Injury Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010412. [PMID: 33401733 PMCID: PMC7795088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay is a long-established assay used to detect cell death-associated DNA fragmentation (3'-OH DNA termini) by endonucleases. Because these enzymes are particularly active in the kidney, TUNEL is widely used to identify and quantify DNA fragmentation and cell death in cultured kidney cells and animal and human kidneys resulting from toxic or hypoxic injury. The early characterization of TUNEL as an apoptotic assay has led to numerous misinterpretations of the mechanisms of kidney cell injury. Nevertheless, TUNEL is becoming increasingly popular for kidney injury assessment because it can be used universally in cultured and tissue cells and for all mechanisms of cell death. Furthermore, it is sensitive, accurate, quantitative, easily linked to particular cells or tissue compartments, and can be combined with immunohistochemistry to allow reliable identification of cell types or likely mechanisms of cell death. Traditionally, TUNEL analysis has been limited to the presence or absence of a TUNEL signal. However, additional information on the mechanism of cell death can be obtained from the analysis of TUNEL patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, #638, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.M.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Alena V. Savenka
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, #638, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.M.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Alexei G. Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, #638, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.M.); (A.V.S.)
- John L. McClellan Memorial VA Hospital, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-352-2870
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Combination of Astragalus membranaceous and Angelica sinensis Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6031782. [PMID: 33293989 PMCID: PMC7714576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6031782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an essential and early sign of diabetic macroangiopathy, a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. Astragalus membranaceous-Angelica sinensis is a classic medical combination applied in China to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the granule form of the extract produced from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceous (AM) combination with the granule form of the extract produced from the dried Angelica sinensis (AS) on diabetic macroangiopathy and its underlying mechanism. Herein, rats were treated by AM-AS at a ratio of 3 : 2 via intragastric administration. High glucose-induced human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were then treated with drug-containing serum collected from the rats. In high glucose-treated HUVECs, AM-AS combination increased cell viability (P < 0.05), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and the expression of the proapoptosis protein caspase 3 (P < 0.05), reduced the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05), decreased reactive oxygen species level (P < 0.05), enhanced cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), and reduced the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha. These results indicate that AM-AS combination at the ratio of 3 : 2 ameliorated HUVEC dysfunction by regulating apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion, which might be mediated by their regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species production. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy using AM-AS.
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Tian R, Wang P, Huang L, Li C, Lu Z, Lu Z, Wu A, Bao K, Mao W, Huang Q, Xu P. Sanqi Oral Solution Ameliorates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Reducing Apoptosis and Enhancing Autophagy: Involvement of ERK/mTOR Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:537147. [PMID: 33041791 PMCID: PMC7525120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.537147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant health problem with high morbidity and mortality, yet prophylaxis strategies and effective drugs are limited. Sanqi oral solution (SQ) is a formulated medicine widely used in clinical settings to treat various renal diseases via enriching qi and activating blood circulation while its role on I/R-AKI remains unclear. Herein, by establishing rat I/R-AKI models, we intended to investigate the effect of SQ on the prevention of I/R-AKI and explore its underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that SQ treatment significantly attenuated renal dysfunction of I/R-AKI, alleviated histological damages, inhibited renal apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy. Further investigation proved that SQ could significantly inhibit the activation of ERK and mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, its renoprotective effect can be abolished by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Collectively, our results suggest that SQ exerts renoprotective effects on renal I/R injury via reducing apoptosis and enhancing autophagy, which are associated with regulating ERK/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinchao Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingming Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Jin J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Chen Q, Wang Q. Jixuepaidu Tang-1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and alleviates renal damage in DN mice through suppressing long non-coding RNA LOC498759. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3125-3136. [PMID: 31564202 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1669986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Jixuepaidu Tang-1 is obtained from the decoction of the Chinese traditional medicinal plants including Centella asiatica, Astragalus membranaceus, and Sanguis draconis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1 (SGK1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs) participate in the development of DN, but the role of lncRNA LOC498759 in DN is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of Jixuepaidu Tang-1 in regulating podocyte injury and renal damage in DN and to validate whether the mechanisms involve TGF-β1/SGK1 signaling and LOC498759. The drug treatment was initiated 2 weeks after the DN modeling. The MTT method and TUNEL staining were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of nephrin and desmin in podocytes. Sera from the Jixuepaidu Tang-1-treated mice reversed the high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury and EMT in mouse podocytes. Further in vivo assay revealed that Jixuepaidu Tang-1 not only reduced the ratio of the kidney to body weight, 24 h-urine total protein, and blood glucose, but alleviated glomerular mesangial extracellular matrix deposition and glomerular cell apoptosis in the streptozotocin-induced DN mice. Mechanically, the mechanisms of Jixuepaidu Tang-1 may involve the suppression of EMT by inhibiting the TGF-β1/SGK1-induced LOC498759 expression. Collectively, Jixuepaidu Tang-1 attenuates podocyte injury and renal damage in DN, and inhibits EMT through suppressing TGF-β1/SGK1-LOC498759 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,Department of Encephalopathy, Wuhan hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, The central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yujin Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qianyun Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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