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Lu Y, Xie XN, Xin QQ, Yuan R, Miao Y, Cong WH, Chen KJ. Advance on Chinese Medicine for Hypertensive Renal Damage: Focus on the Complex Molecular Mechanisms. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3662-3. [PMID: 38958884 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Hypertensive renal damage (HRD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Among the causes of end-stage renal disease, HRD accounts for nearly 34% of the total number of cases. Antihypertensive treatment is primarily drug-based, but therapeutic efficacy is less effective and can have serious side effects. Chinese medicine (CM) has significant advantages in the treatment of HRD. CM is rich in various active ingredients and has the property of targeting multiple targets and channels. Therefore, the regulatory network of CM on disease is complex. A large number of CM have been employed to treat HRD, either as single applications or as part of compound formulations. The key possible mechanisms of CM for HRD include regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, rescue of endothelial function, regulation of vasoactive substance secretion and obesity-related factors, etc. This review summarized and discussed the recent advance in the basic research mechanisms of CM interventions for HRD and pointed out the challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xue-Na Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei-Hong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Ke-Ji Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
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2
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Sardarabadi H, Darvishi MH, Zohrab F, Javadi H. Nanophytomedicine: A promising practical approach in phytotherapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3607-3644. [PMID: 38725270 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The long and rich history of herbal therapeutic nutrients is fascinating. It is incredible to think about how ancient civilizations used plants and herbs to treat various ailments and diseases. One group of bioactive phytochemicals that has gained significant attention recently is dietary polyphenols. These compounds are commonly found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, drinks, legumes, and grains. Despite their incredible therapeutic properties, one challenge with polyphenols is their poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This means that they are not easily absorbed by the body when consumed in essential diets. Because of structural complexity, polyphenols with high molecular weight cannot be absorbed in the small intestine and after arriving in the colon, they are metabolized by gut microbiota. However, researchers are constantly working on finding solutions to enhance the bioavailability and absorption of these compounds. This study aims to address this issue by applying nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges of the therapeutic application of dietary polyphenols. This combination of nanotechnology and phytochemicals could cause a completely new field called nanophytomedicine or herbal nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sardarabadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Darvishi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zohrab
- Department of Medical Science, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javadi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang D, Chen J, Pu L, Yu L, Xiong F, Sun L, Yu Q, Cao X, Chen Y, Peng F, Peng C. Galangin: A food-derived flavonoid with therapeutic potential against a wide spectrum of diseases. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5700-5723. [PMID: 37748788 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Galangin is an important flavonoid with natural activity, that is abundant in galangal and propolis. Currently, various biological activities of galangin have been disclosed, including anti-inflammation, antibacterial effect, anti-oxidative stress and aging, anti-fibrosis, and antihypertensive effect. Based on the above bioactivities, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galangin in neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin diseases, and cancer. In this paper, the natural sources, pharmacokinetics, bioactivities, and therapeutic potential of galangin against various diseases were systematically reviewed by collecting and summarizing relevant literature. In addition, the molecular mechanism and new preparation of galangin in the treatment of related diseases are also discussed, to broaden the application prospect and provide reference for its clinical application. Furthermore, it should be noted that current toxicity and clinical studies of galangin are insufficient, and more evidence is needed to support its possibility as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junren Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luyao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li K, Ma Y, Xia X, Huang H, Li J, Wang X, Gao Y, Zhang S, Fu T, Tong Y. Possible correlated signaling pathways with chronic urate nephropathy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34540. [PMID: 37565908 PMCID: PMC10419604 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia nephropathy, also known as gouty nephropathy, refers to renal damage induced by hyperuricemia caused by excessive production of serum uric acid or low excretion of uric acid. the persistence of symptoms will lead to changes in renal tubular phenotype and accelerate the progress of renal fibrosis. The existence and progressive aggravation of symptoms will bring a heavy burden to patients, their families and society, affect their quality of life and reduce their well-being. With the increase of reports on hyperuricemia nephropathy, the importance of related signal pathways in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia nephropathy is becoming more and more obvious, but most studies are limited to the upper and lower mediating relationship between 1 or 2 signal pathways. The research on the comprehensiveness of signal pathways and the breadth of crosstalk between signal pathways is limited. By synthesizing the research results of signal pathways related to hyperuricemia nephropathy in recent years, this paper will explore the specific mechanism of hyperuricemia nephropathy, and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of hyperuricemia nephropathy based on a variety of signal pathway crosstalk and personal prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Li
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huili Huang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Goyal A, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Jakhmola V, Singh SK, Dua K, Gilhotra R, Gupta G. Galangin as an inflammatory response modulator: An updated overview and therapeutic potential. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110482. [PMID: 37044286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders, all have an inflammation-based etiology. In cellular and animal models of inflammation, flavonols were used to show potent anti-inflammatory activity. The flavonols enhanced the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced the synthesis of the prostaglandins IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1. Galangin (GAL), a natural flavonol, has a strong ability to control apoptosis and inflammation. GAL was discovered to suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)p65 phosphorylation, which results in anti-inflammatory actions. Arthritis, inflammatory bronchitis, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction have all been treated with GAL. The current review aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of GAL and their protective effects in treating various chronic illnesses, including those of the heart, brain, skin, lungs, liver, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, U.P, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Mechanism of Xiezhuo Huayu Yiqi Tongluo Formula in the Treatment of Uric Acid Nephropathy Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Experiments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:6931644. [PMID: 36865745 PMCID: PMC9974263 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6931644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Xiezhuo Huayu Yiqi Tongluo Formula (XHYTF) consists of 14 Chinese herbal medicines. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanism of XHYTF in the treatment of uric acid nephropathy (UAN) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo methods. Methods Using various pharmacological databases and analysis platforms, information on the active ingredients and targets of Chinese herbal medicine was collected, and UAN disease targets were retrieved using OMIM, Gene Cards, and NCBI. Then common target proteins were integrated. A Drug-Component-Target (D-C-T) map was constructed to screen core compounds and build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed for common targets, and a Drug-Component-Target-Pathway (D-C-T-P) network diagram was constructed. The molecular docking simulation was performed to verify the binding affinity between core components and hub targets. Subsequently, the UAN rat model was established, followed by the collection of serum and renal tissues. The expression levels of indicators in the serum were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes of renal tissues were detected using H & E staining and Masson staining. The expression of related proteins in renal tissue was detected by western blot. Results In the study, 216 active ingredients and 439 targets in XHYTF were screened, and 868 targets were identified as being related to UAN. Among them, 115 were common targets. Based on the D-C-T network, quercetin, luteolin, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were observed to be the key active ingredients of XHYTF that were effective against UAN. The analysis of the PPI network revealed TNF, IL6, AKT1, PPARG, and IL1β as the 5 key targets. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways were mainly concentrated in cell killing, regulation of signaling receptor activity, and other activities. Subsequently, KEGG pathway analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways, including the HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, IL-17, and other signaling pathways, were closely related to the action of XHYTF. All 5 key targets were confirmed to interact with all core active ingredients. In vivo experiments indicated that XHYTF significantly reduced blood uric acid and creatinine levels, alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney tissues, reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL1β, and ameliorated renal fibrosis in rats with UAN. Finally, western blot revealed decreased levels of PI3K and AKT1 proteins in the kidney, which confirmed the hypothesis. Conclusion Collectively, our observations demonstrated that XHYTF significantly protects kidney function, including alleviation of inflammation and renal fibrosis via multiple pathways. This study provided novel insights into the treatment of UAN using traditional Chinese medicines.
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Liu P, Ma G, Wang Y, Wang L, Li P. Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine on gouty nephropathy: Based on NF-κB signalingpathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114199. [PMID: 36916428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the final product of purine metabolism, excess serum uric acid (SUA) aggravates the process of some metabolic diseases. SUA causes renal tubule damage, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular hardening, leading to gouty nephropathy (GN). A growing number of investigations have shown that NF-κB mediated inflammation and oxidative stress have been directly involved in the pathogenesis of GN. Traditional Chinese medicine's treatment methods of GN have amassed a wealth of treatment experience. In this review, we first describe the mechanism of NF-κB signaling pathways in GN. Subsequently, we highlight traditional Chinese medicine that can treat GN through NF-κB pathways. Finally, commenting on promising candidate targets of herbal medicine for GN treatment via suppressing NF-κB signaling pathways was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Station East 5, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Guijie Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lifan Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Xiong R, Hu X, Hu S, Yao M, Fu X. Rhein Inhibits Proliferation, Extracellular Matrix Deposition, and Inflammation in Mesangial Cells via ROS/Akt Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221131661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that rhein, a Chinese herbal compound, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect on various diseases. However, it remains elusive whether rhein has a protective effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and what its underlying mechanism may be. In the present study, we evaluated whether rhein could prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation, expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and inflammation in rat mesangial cells (MCs), and whether these effects were mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Akt signaling. We also investigated the protective effect of rhein on renal function in a rat CKD model. Results showed that rhein significantly suppressed LPS-initiated proliferation in MCs in a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Meanwhile, rhein significantly inhibited LPS-induced expression of ECM proteins and inflammation, as indicated by the decreased expression of fibronectin, α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Of note, rhein significantly enhanced LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of rhein on Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by H2O2 scavenger catalase. Importantly, the protective effect of rhein was almost totally lost in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protagonist insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Finally, rhein significantly decreased 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CKD rats. Collectively, these results suggested that rhein improved CKD through inhibition of proliferation, ECM synthesis, and inflammation via ROS/Akt signaling in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Minqi Yao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
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Lin H, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Wu D, Ye Z, Xiao J. The association of urinary prostaglandins with uric acid in hyperuricemia patients. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:302. [PMID: 36057582 PMCID: PMC9441060 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the association between uric acid and urinary prostaglandins in male patients with hyperuricemia. Methods A total of 38 male patients with hyperuricemia in outpatients of Huadong Hospital from July 2018 to January 2020 were recruited. Serum uric acid (SUA), 24 h urinary uric acid excretion and other indicators were detected respectively. 10 ml urine was taken to determine prostaglandin prostaglandin D (PGD), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-PGF1α, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Fraction of uric acid excretion (FEua) and uric acid clearance rate (Cua) were calculated. According to the mean value of FEua and Cua, patients were divided into two groups, respectively. The independent-samples t test and the Mann–Whitney U test were applied for normally and non-normally distributed data, respectively. Results After adjusting confounding factors (age, BMI, eGFR, TG, TC, HDL and LDL), SUA was negatively correlated with urinary PGE1(r = -0.615, P = 0.009) and PGE2(r = -0.824, P < 0.001). Compared with SUA1 group (SUA < 482.6 mg/dl), SUA2 (SUA \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ge$$\end{document}≥ 482.6 mg/dl) had lower urinary PGE1(P = 0.022) and PGE2(P = 0.019) levels. Cua was positively correlated with PGE2 (r = 0.436, P = 0.01). The correlation persisted after adjustment for age, BMI, eGFR, TG, TC, HDL and LDL by multiple linear regression analysis. In the Cua1 group (Cua < 4.869 mL /min/1.73 m2), PGE2 were lower than that in Cua2 (Cua \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ge$$\end{document}≥ 4.869 mL /min/1.73 m2) group (P = 0.011). Conclusions In male patients with hyperuricemia, SUA was negatively correlated with urinary PGE2, Cua was positively correlated with urinary PGE2. Urinary PGE2 were significantly different between different SUA and Cua groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Deping Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Plays a Role in the Liver, Kidney, and Intestine to Ameliorate Hyperuricemia according to Experimental Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4618352. [PMID: 34876914 PMCID: PMC8645359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4618352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, hyperuricemia has drawn increasing attention owing to its global prevalence. Observational surveys have manifested that there is a relation between hyperuricemia and increased risks of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, metabolic disorders, end stage renal disease, and mortality. As alternatives, Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have demonstrated concrete effects in mitigating hyperuricemia in different experiments. Researchers have made efforts to investigate the role of herbal medicine in attenuating hyperuricemia. This review focuses on traditional Chinese herbal medicines that have been reported to ameliorate hyperuricemia in experimental studies.
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Yang Q, Jia Y, Sun P, Fu Z, Han W, Qian Y. Galangin attenuates IL-1β-induced catabolism in mouse chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8742-8753. [PMID: 34539991 PMCID: PMC8430192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases, which is characterized by cartilage degeneration, subchondral osteosclerosis, and synovitis. Accumulating evidence has shown that galangin, a flavonoid derived from medicinal herbs, exhibits numerous pharmacological activities in various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of galangin on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammation in mouse chondrocytes and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In this study, we investigated the protective effects of galangin on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response in vitro using the CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of galangin on the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse model were also explored in vivo. Results: Galangin treatment suppressed the expression of IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, galangin attenuated hypertrophic conversion and the extracellular matrix degradation via inhibiting the expression of catabolic enzymes. Mechanistically, galangin inhibited the activation of the JNK and ERK MAPK pathways and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, galangin treatment ameliorated cartilage degeneration in an OA model in vivo. Conclusion: Galangin suppressed the IL-β-induced inflammatory response in vitro and ameliorated cartilage degeneration in vivo via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and JNK and ERK pathways, suggesting its potential as an effective candidate for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yewei Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyuan Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqi Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineShaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Liao J, Liu B, Chen K, Hu S, Liu ZY, Li YX, Yang ZM, Zhang M, Chen X. Galangin attenuates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial cells through modulating renin-angiotensin system and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:551-560. [PMID: 34141169 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the regulatory network among Galangin (Gal), oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vitro. A cell model of DN was set up by exposing HK-2 cells to high glucose (HG, 30 mM) for 48 h and Gal was applied at 10 μM when needed. mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR and protein level was detected by western blot. Malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated by commercial kits. We analyzed cell viability by CCK8 assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. DCFH-DA staining was conveyed for reactive oxygen species detection. HG induced RAS activation, oxidative stress, while inhibited cell viability. Gal suppressed oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of HK-2 cells under the stimulation of HG via inhibiting RAS activation. Moreover, overexpression of AT1R, a RAS gene, could restrain the mitigative effect of Gal on cell injury. Furthermore, repression of RAS induced by AT1R knockdown partially reversed HG-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells. Also, AKT activation could antagonize Gal's functional roles in renal cell damage. Collectively, Gal alleviates HG-induced oxidative stress injury of renal tubular epithelial cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal via modulating RAS activation. This finding would help to better understand mechanism of DN development and support future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yang
- International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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13
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Šuran J, Cepanec I, Mašek T, Radić B, Radić S, Tlak Gajger I, Vlainić J. Propolis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds-From Traditional to Modern Extraction Technologies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102930. [PMID: 34069165 PMCID: PMC8156449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a honeybee product known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. It is rich in bioactive molecules whose content varies depending on the botanical and geographical origin of propolis. These bioactive molecules have been studied individually and as a part of propolis extracts, as they can be used as representative markers for propolis standardization. Here, we compare the pharmacological effects of representative polyphenols and whole propolis extracts. Based on the literature data, polyphenols and extracts act by suppressing similar targets, from pro-inflammatory TNF/NF-κB to the pro-proliferative MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, they activate similar antioxidant mechanisms of action, like Nrf2-ARE intracellular antioxidant pathway, and they all have antimicrobial activity. These similarities do not imply that we should attribute the action of propolis solely to the most representative compounds. Moreover, its pharmacological effects will depend on the efficacy of these compounds’ extraction. Thus, we also give an overview of different propolis extraction technologies, from traditional to modern ones, which are environmentally friendlier. These technologies belong to an open research area that needs further effective solutions in terms of well-standardized liquid and solid extracts, which would be reliable in their pharmacological effects, environmentally friendly, and sustainable for production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Šuran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Cepanec
- Director of Research & Development and CTO, Amelia Ltd., Zagorska 28, Bunjani, 10314 Kriz, Croatia;
| | - Tomislav Mašek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Božo Radić
- Hedera Ltd., 4. Gardijske Brigade 35, 21311 Split, Croatia; (B.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Saša Radić
- Hedera Ltd., 4. Gardijske Brigade 35, 21311 Split, Croatia; (B.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Yue H, Zhang X, Xia Y. Galangin Alleviates Tumor Progression and Metastasis in Intraperitoneal Ovarian Cancer Model via Inhibiting Janus Kinase 1/Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of galangin on tumor progression and metastasis in intraperitoneal ovarian cancer model. Ovarian cancer cells were treated with DMSO or galectin, cell viability was detected by MTS or acid phosphatase assay, SKOV3 cells were transfected with STAT3 targeted
shRNA and the expression of signal transduction-related proteins in cells was analyzed by immunoblotting assay, the expression of IL-6, IL-2, INF-y was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the peritoneal metastasis model of ovarian cancer was established using shSTAT3 transfected
or untransfected SKOV3 cells and treated with galangin or DMSO. Tumor mass, number of small tumor nodules and ascites volume were detected in the mouse model. Ovarian cancer-bearing mice treated with galangin showed a dramatic decreased tumor burden as demonstrated by the 25 times-reduced
total weight of small tumor nodules, 60%-reduced primary tumors, attenuated luciferase activity and completely blocked ascites production. Moreover, galangin inhibited cell viability in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, p-STAT3 was suppressed by galangin treatment
both in vivo and vitro. Galangin inhibited the expression of p-JAK1, the upstream signaling of p-STAT3 and IL-6 in the downstream. Meanwhile, knockdown of STAT3 by shSTAT3 transfection mimicked the therapeutic effects of galangin in vivo and vitro. Galangin supresses IL-6 secretion,
peritoneal metastasis and ascites production by inhibiting JAK1/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xian, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Yali Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xianyang Hospital, Yan’an University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
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15
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Naeem A, Ming Y, Pengyi H, Jie KY, Yali L, Haiyan Z, Shuai X, Wenjing L, Ling W, Xia ZM, Shan LS, Qin Z. The fate of flavonoids after oral administration: a comprehensive overview of its bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6169-6186. [PMID: 33847202 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1898333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in synthetic chemistry, nature remains the primary source of drug discovery, and this never-ending task of finding novel and active drug molecules will continue. Flavonoids have been shown to possess highly significant therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, etc., However, it has been found that orally administered flavonoids have a critical absorption disorder and, therefore, have low bioavailability and show fluctuating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. A detailed investigation is required to assess and analyze the variation in the bioavailability of flavonoids due to interactions with the intestinal barrier. This review will emphasize on the bioavailability and the pharmacological applications of flavonoids, key factors affecting their bioavailability, and strategies for enhancing bioavailability, which may lead to deeper understanding of the extent of flavonoids as a treatment and/or prevention for different diseases in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hu Pengyi
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kang Yong Jie
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Liu Yali
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhang Haiyan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Shuai
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Wenjing
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wu Ling
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhang Ming Xia
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liu Shan Shan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Lab of Innovation Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Wu M, Ma Y, Chen X, Liang N, Qu S, Chen H. Hyperuricemia causes kidney damage by promoting autophagy and NLRP3-mediated inflammation in rats with urate oxidase deficiency. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048041. [PMID: 33648977 PMCID: PMC8015218 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological research has shown that elevated serum urate concentration is a risk factor for the development of kidney disease; however, the mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been elucidated. To examine the role of urate in the kidney, we used Wistar rats to functionally disrupt expression of urate oxidase (UOX) by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In comparison to wild-type (WT) rats, serum urate levels spontaneously and persistently increased in UOX-KO rats, without showing a significant decrease in survival rate. Architecture and function of the kidneys in UOX-KO rats were impaired. Injury to the kidney resulted in increased interstitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β, and activation of multiple cell-signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as AMPK, p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK pathways. Inhibition of autophagy with the PI3K inhibitor 3-MA abrogated the development of kidney damage and attenuated renal fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in injured kidneys. In conclusion, the UOX-KO rat is a great model to study hyperuricemia-related diseases. Hyperuricemia-induced autophagy and NLRP3-dependent inflammation are critically involved in the development of renal damage and, therefore, highlight the inhibition of autophagy and inflammation in search of therapeutic strategies to treat uric acid nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Haibing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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17
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Dong Z, Dai H, Feng Z, Liu W, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Du J, Liu B. Mechanism of herbal medicine on hypertensive nephropathy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:234. [PMID: 33537809 PMCID: PMC7893801 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is the most common complication of hypertension, and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in numerous countries. The basic pathological feature of hypertensive nephropathy is arteriolosclerosis followed by renal parenchymal damage. The etiology of this disease is complex, and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with renal hemodynamic changes and vascular remodeling. Despite the increased knowledge on the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy, the current clinical treatment methods are still not effective in preventing the development of the disease to ESRD. Herbal medicine, which is used to relieve symptoms, can improve hypertensive nephropathy through multiple targets. Since there are few clinical studies on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, this article aims to review the progress on the basic research on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, including regulation of the renin angiotensin system, inhibition of sympathetic excitation, antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory protection of endothelial cells, and improvement of obesity-associated factors. Herbal medicine with different components plays a synergistic and multi-target role in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy. The description of the mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy will contribute towards the progress of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 101300, P.R. China
| | - Zhandong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing 101200, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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18
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The roles of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling pathways in hyperuricemic nephropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1377-1386. [PMID: 33389490 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a common clinical complication of hyperuricemia. High-serum uric acid can trigger renal inflammation. The inflammasome family has several members and shows a significant effect on inflammatory responses. NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3) senses the stimuli signal of excessive uric acid and then it recruits apoptosis-related specular protein (ASC) as well as aspartic acid-specific cysteine protease (caspase)-1 precursor to form NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and HN. This review focuses on important role for the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury and the potential therapeutic implications. Additionally, several inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are under development, most of them for experiment. Therefore, researches into NLRP3 inflammasome modulators may provide novel therapies for HN.
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19
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Xu C, Fang MY, Wang K, Liu J, Tai GP, Zhang ZT, Ruan BF. Discovery and Development of Inflammatory Inhibitors from 2-Phenylchromonone (Flavone) Scaffolds. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2578-2598. [PMID: 32972343 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200924115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are compounds based on a 2-phenylchromonone scaffold. Flavonoids can be divided into flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavones, anthocyanins, chalcones and diflavones according to the oxidation degree of the central tricarbonyl chain, the connection position of B-ring (2-or 3-position), and whether the tricarbonyl chain forms a ring or not. There are a variety of biological activities about flavonoids, such as anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor activity, and the antiinflammatory activity is apparent. This paper reviews the anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives reported in China and abroad from 2011 till date (2011-2020), in order to find a good drug scaffold for the study of anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Guang-Ping Tai
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Zhang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China,Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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20
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Li H, Lu R, Pang Y, Li J, Cao Y, Fu H, Fang G, Chen Q, Liu B, Wu J, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Zhen-Wu-Tang Protects IgA Nephropathy in Rats by Regulating Exosomes to Inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32765277 PMCID: PMC7381112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most frequent kinds of primary glomerulonephritis characterized by IgA immune complexes deposition and glomerular proliferation. Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), a well-known traditional Chinese formula has been reported to ameliorate various kidney diseases. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Exosomes have been described in diverse renal diseases by mediating cellular communication but rarely in the IgAN. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether the underlying mechanisms of the effect of ZWT on IgAN is correlated to exosomes. Our results demonstrated that in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, exosomes are obviously released after ZWT-containing serum treatment especially with 10% ZWT. In addition, once released, HK-2-derived exosomes were uptaked by human mesangial cells (HMC), which impeded the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects in a lipopolysaccharide induced proliferation model. Moreover, IgAN rat model was established by bovine serum albumin, CCL4 mixed solution and LPS. We found that 10% ZWT could significantly promote the release of exosomes from HK-2 and inhibit HMC proliferation to improve inflammation. Thus HK-2-derived exosomes treated with 10% ZWT (ZWT-EXO) were administered to the rats by tail vein injection. Our results showed that ZWT-EXO decreased the levels of 24 h proteinuria, urinary erythrocyte, IgA deposition in glomerulus and renal pathological injury which ameliorated the kidney damage. In addition, ZWT was able to dramatically promote secretion of exosomes in renal tissues while blocked NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the inhibition of IL-1β and caspase-1. In conclusion, our study reveal that ZWT has protective effects on IgAN by regulating exosomes secretion to inhibit the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, thereby attenuating the renal dysfunction. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbiao Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Manchope MF, Artero NA, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Pain and Inflammation: Mechanisms of Action, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data, and Pharmaceutical Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E762. [PMID: 32050623 PMCID: PMC7037709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain can be initiated after inflammation and/or peripheral nerve injury. It is a consequence of the pathological functioning of the nervous system rather than only a symptom. In fact, pain is a significant social, health, and economic burden worldwide. Flavonoids are plant derivative compounds easily found in several fruits and vegetables and consumed in the daily food intake. Flavonoids vary in terms of classes, and while structurally unique, they share a basic structure formed by three rings, known as the flavan nucleus. Structural differences can be found in the pattern of substitution in one of these rings. The hydroxyl group (-OH) position in one of the rings determines the mechanisms of action of the flavonoids and reveals a complex multifunctional activity. Flavonoids have been widely used for their antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects along with safe preclinical and clinical profiles. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory proprieties of flavonoids. We also focus on how the development of formulations containing flavonoids, along with the understanding of their structure-activity relationship, can be harnessed to identify novel flavonoid-based therapies to treat pathological pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Ferraz
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Nayara A. Artero
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Fernanda S. Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
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Thangaiyan R, Arjunan S, Govindasamy K, Khan HA, Alhomida AS, Prasad NR. Galangin Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Inflammation and Fibrosis in the Cardiac Tissue of Albino Wistar Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585163. [PMID: 33328989 PMCID: PMC7734335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Galangin (GA) is an active flavonoid of the rhizome of Alpinia galanga that belongs to the ginger family. GA exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we evaluated the preventive effects of GA against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in male albino Wistar rats. We found that GA (1 mg/kg b.wt.) pretreatment attenuated the ISO-mediated (5 mg/kg b.wt. for 14 consecutive days) elevation of heart rate, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) in the rat serum. We also noticed that GA prevented the ISO-mediated cardiac markers i.e. cardiac troponin T and I (cTnT and cTnI) expression in the serum of rats. Further, GA pretreatment prevented ISO-mediated lipid peroxidation and diminished blood pressure and loss of antioxidants status in the heart tissue of ISO treated rats. In addition, GA treatment modulates ISO-induced alterations the expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), p-AKT, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the heart tissue. Furthermore, molecular analysis (PCR array and western blot) revealed that GA pretreatment prevented inflammation and fibrosis related gene expression pattern in ISO-induced rats. Taken together, the results indicate the cardioprotective effect of GA against ISO-induced inflammation and fibrosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of GA could be considered for its cardioprotective effect in the ISO-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhiga Thangaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
- *Correspondence: Radhiga Thangaiyan, ; Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad,
| | - Sundaresan Arjunan
- CAS in Marine Biology, Department of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kanimozhi Govindasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhomida
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
- *Correspondence: Radhiga Thangaiyan, ; Nagarajan Rajendra Prasad,
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