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Ghamri KA. Mutual effects of gestational diabetes and schizophrenia: how can one promote the other?: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38677. [PMID: 38905391 PMCID: PMC11191934 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the physical complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are well known, emerging evidence suggests a significant link with psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ). This review aimed to explore the extent, nature, and implications of the association between GDM and SCZ, exploring how the 2 conditions may reciprocally influence each other. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and, analyzed clinical and mechanistic evidence supporting the mutual effects of GDM and SCZ. This review examined factors such as neurodevelopment and the impact of antipsychotics. The study found that Maternal GDM increases the risk of SCZ in offspring. Conversely, women with SCZ were more prone to hyperglycemic pregnancies. The research highlights significant regional variations in GDM prevalence, with the highest rate in the Middle East, North Africa, and South-East Asia regions. These regional variations may have an impact on the epidemiology of SCZ. Furthermore, this review identifies the potential biological and environmental mechanisms underlying these associations. There is a bidirectional relationship between GDM and SCZ, with each disorder potentially exacerbating the others. This relationship has significant implications for maternal and offspring health, particularly in regions with high GDM prevalence. These findings underline the need for integrated care approaches for women with SCZ during pregnancy and the importance of monitoring and managing GDM to mitigate the risk of SCZ in the offspring. Notably, this study recognizes the need for further research to fully understand these complex interactions and their implications for healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A. Ghamri
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Dymek A, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Bartosiewicz A. Choline-An Underappreciated Component of a Mother-to-Be's Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1767. [PMID: 38892700 PMCID: PMC11174651 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of the mother-to-be has a key impact on the proper development of the fetus. Although all nutrients are important for the developing baby, recent research indicates the importance of adequate choline intake during the periconceptional period, pregnancy, and lactation. Choline plays a key role in the biosynthesis of cell membranes, supporting liver function, neurotransmission, brain development, and DNA and histone methylation. Choline participates in the formation of a child's nervous system, supports its cognitive development, and reduces the risk of neural tube defects. The human body is incapable of producing sufficient choline to meet its needs; therefore, it must be obtained from the diet. Current data indicate that most women in their reproductive years do not achieve the recommended daily intake of choline. The presented narrative review indicates the importance of educating mothers-to-be and thereby increasing their awareness of the effects of choline on maternal and child health, which can lead to a more aware and healthy pregnancy and proper child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dymek
- Students Scientific Club of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Golshan-Tafti M, Bahrami R, Dastgheib SA, Karimi-Zarchi M, Azizi S, Marzbanrad Z, Hajizadeh N, Aghasipour M, Yeganegi M, Shiri A, Aghili K, Neamatzadeh H. Comprehensive data on the relationship between KCNJ11 polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus predisposition: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:475-486. [PMID: 38932913 PMCID: PMC11196507 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The genetic aspect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is influenced by multiple causal genetic variants, each with different effect sizes. The KCNJ11 gene is particularly noteworthy as a potential contributor to the risk of GDM due to its role in regulating glucose-induced insulin secretion. To evaluate the association between KCNJ11 polymorphisms and GDM, a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to review the existing literature and quantitatively assess the correlation. Methods A thorough search was performed on the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CNKI databases until December 25, 2023, using precise terms and keywords related to Gestational Diabetes, KCNJ11 gene, and polymorphism. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the relationships. The statistical analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to determine bias presence. Results The meta-analysis comprised 9 studies with 3108 GDM cases and 5374 controls for the rs5219 polymorphism, and 3 studies with 1209 GDM cases and 1438 controls for the rs5210 polymorphism. The pooled data indicated a noteworthy link between the rs5219 polymorphism and GDM globally and among various ethnic groups, notably in Caucasian and Asian populations. However, no substantial association was observed between the rs5210 polymorphism and GDM. Conclusions Pooled data showed a correlation between the KCNJ11 rs5219 polymorphism and GDM susceptibility, but no association was found for the rs5210 polymorphism. Future research with larger sample sizes and more diverse populations is needed to improve result generalizability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01428-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Marzbanrad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Hajizadeh
- Prevention Gynecology Research Center, Imam Hossein hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghasipour
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Maryam Yeganegi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Amirmasoud Shiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kazem Aghili
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Rahnamoun Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Suthon S, Tangjittipokin W. Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Polymorphisms in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2039. [PMID: 38396716 PMCID: PMC10888615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication linked to perinatal complications and an elevated risk of future metabolic disorders for both mothers and their children. GDM is diagnosed when women without prior diabetes develop chronic hyperglycemia due to β-cell dysfunction during gestation. Global research focuses on the association between GDM and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and aims to enhance our understanding of GDM's pathogenesis, predict its risk, and guide patient management. This review offers a summary of various SNPs linked to a heightened risk of GDM and explores their biological mechanisms within the tissues implicated in the development of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence Management, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Watip Tangjittipokin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Diabetes and Obesity, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Thornton JM, Shah NM, Lillycrop KA, Cui W, Johnson MR, Singh N. Multigenerational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1245899. [PMID: 38288471 PMCID: PMC10822950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) changes the maternal metabolic and uterine environment, thus increasing the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Children of mothers who have GDM during their pregnancy are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), early-onset cardiovascular disease and GDM when they themselves become pregnant, perpetuating a multigenerational increased risk of metabolic disease. The negative effect of GDM is exacerbated by maternal obesity, which induces a greater derangement of fetal adipogenesis and growth. Multiple factors, including genetic, epigenetic and metabolic, which interact with lifestyle factors and the environment, are likely to contribute to the development of GDM. Genetic factors are particularly important, with 30% of women with GDM having at least one parent with T2D. Fetal epigenetic modifications occur in response to maternal GDM, and may mediate both multi- and transgenerational risk. Changes to the maternal metabolome in GDM are primarily related to fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and insulin resistance. These might be effective early biomarkers allowing the identification of women at risk of GDM prior to the development of hyperglycaemia. The impact of the intra-uterine environment on the developing fetus, "developmental programming", has a multisystem effect, but its influence on adipogenesis is particularly important as it will determine baseline insulin sensitivity, and the response to future metabolic challenges. Identifying the critical window of metabolic development and developing effective interventions are key to our ability to improve population metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Thornton
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishel M. Shah
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Singh
- Department of Academic Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ghamri KA. Insulin requiring Gestational Diabetes: Risk factors and correlation with postpartum diabetes and prediabetes. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1260-1267. [PMID: 37680834 PMCID: PMC10480760 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.5.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A2 gestational diabetes mellitus (A2GDM) is a more severe form of GDM that requires additional medical intervention, such as insulin or oral antidiabetic drug (OAD). The present study explored the determinants of A2GDM and analyzed the associated risk of post-partum diabetes or prediabetes. Methods This retrospective study included 247 pregnant women, diagnosed with GDM and followed up until delivery at the Obstetric Medicine Clinic of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and January 2018. Women with personal history of diabetes or prediabetes were excluded. Collected data included patient's age, body mass index, personal history of thyroid dysfunction and GDM, HbA1c level at diagnosis, management of GDM (diet only, insulin, or OAD), and postpartum metabolic assessment. Results The prevalence of A2GDM was 29.6%, of which 21.5% were insulin-requiring and 8.1% were OAD-requiring cases. The risk of A2GDM was independently associated with a positive history of GDM (OR=3.19, 95% CI = 1.41-7.20) and HbA1c >7% (OR=8.66, 95%CI = 2.15- 34.94); the model explained 20% of the variance of A2GDM. The postpartum assessment showed that 10.1% have developed prediabetes, while no one developed overt diabetes. Postpartum prediabetes was independently predicted by age category ≥45 years (OR=39.94, 95%CI = 4.62-345.06), history of GDM (OR=0.18, 95%CI = 0.03 - 0.97), and A2GDM (OR=6.96, 95%CI = 1.91-25.42). Conclusion Approximately one-third of GDM patients in our institution require insulin or OAD for glycemic control and are at high risk of developing prediabetes postpartum. Adherence to and effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy should be further explored among GDM patients to improve their glycemic control and both maternal and fetal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A. Ghamri
- Kholoud A. Ghamri, MD Associate Professor Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Huang C, Guo Y, Li W, Xiang B, Zeng J, Zhou F, She L, Zhang P, Wang S, Liu B, Dai Q, Yang M. Association of the CDKAL1 gene polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:11/2/e003164. [PMID: 37055162 PMCID: PMC10106001 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To identify the association of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) gene polymorphism with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the Chinese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This case-control study enrolled 835 pregnant women with GDM and 870 pregnant women without diabetes who underwent antenatal examination during 24 to 28 gestational weeks at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 15, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Trained nurses collected their clinical information and blood samples. CDKAL1 gene rs10440833, rs10946398, rs4712523, rs4712524, rs7754840, rs7756992 and rs9465871 loci were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY system. SPSS V.26.0 software and online SHesis were used to analyze the relationship between CDKAL1 gene polymorphism and GDM susceptibility. RESULTS After being adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), CDKAL1 gene rs10440833 (AA vs TT, OR=1.631, 95% CI 1.192 to 2.232), rs10946398 (CC vs AA, OR=1.400, 95% CI 1.028 to 1.905), rs4712523 (GG vs AA, OR=1.409, 95% CI 1.038 to 1.913), rs4712524 (GG vs AA, OR=1.418, 95% CI 1.043 to 1.929) and rs7754840 (CC vs GG, OR=1.407, 95% CI 1.036 to 1.911) polymorphisms were all associated with the increased risk of GDM. In addition, there was a powerful linkage disequilibrium (LD) among rs10946398, rs4712523, rs4712524 and rs7754840 (D'>0.900, r2>0.900). And there were significant differences in haplotype CGGC (OR=1.207, 95% CI 1.050 to 1.387) and AAAG (OR=0.829, 95% CI 0.721 o 0.952, p=0.008) between the GDM group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS rs10440833, rs10946398, rs4712523, rs4712524 and rs7754840 of CDKAL1 gene are associated with GDM susceptibility in central Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjing Huang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Yan Guo
- School health center, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Jing Zeng
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Feng Zhou
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Lu She
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Pei Zhang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Popular Science, Jinan Health Publicity and Education Center, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Department of Popular Science, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, china
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Grupe K, Scherneck S. Mouse Models of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Subtypes: Recent Insights and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065982. [PMID: 36983056 PMCID: PMC10058162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently the most common complication of pregnancy and is defined as a glucose intolerance disorder with recognition during pregnancy. GDM is considered a uniform group of patients in conventional guidelines. In recent years, evidence of the disease's heterogeneity has led to a growing understanding of the value of dividing patients into different subpopulations. Furthermore, in view of the increasing incidence of hyperglycemia outside pregnancy, it is likely that many cases diagnosed as GDM are in fact patients with undiagnosed pre-pregnancy impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Experimental models contribute significantly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of GDM and numerous animal models have been described in the literature. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the existing mouse models of GDM, in particular those that have been obtained by genetic manipulation. However, these commonly used models have certain limitations in the study of the pathogenesis of GDM and cannot fully describe the heterogeneous spectrum of this polygenic disease. The polygenic New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse is introduced as a recently emerged model of a subpopulation of GDM. Although this strain lacks conventional GDM, it exhibits prediabetes and an IGT both preconceptionally and during gestation. In addition, it should be emphasized that the choice of an appropriate control strain is of great importance in metabolic studies. The commonly used control strain C57BL/6N, which exhibits IGT during gestation, is discussed in this review as a potential model of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupe
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang Y, Li L, Li P. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in gestational diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:60-64. [PMID: 36375523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has attracted global research attention. Exploring SNPs can help us further understand the pathogenesis of GDM, predict the risk of GDM, and guide the management of GDM patients. In this review, we summarized the studies on the association between SNPs and GDM, focusing on novel SNPs published in the last 10 years. The SNPs identified to be associated with GDM included HMG20A (rs7178572), CDKAL1 (rs7756992, rs7754840, and rs7747752), ADIPOQ (rs266729 and rs17300539), MTHFR (rs1801133), IL10 (rs3021094), CDKN2B (rs1063192), and TRPM5 (rs35197079). However, the role of SNPs in the prediction, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of GDM, as a polygenic disease, needs to be further explored in multiple ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Asghar A, Firasat S, Afshan K, Naz S. Association of CDKAL1 gene polymorphism (rs10946398) with gestational diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:57-64. [PMID: 36301463 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1 like 1 (CDKAL1) encodes a tRNA modifying enzyme involved in the proper protein translation and regulation of insulin production encoded by the CDKL gene. Sequence variations in the CDKAL1 gene lead to the misreading of the Lys codon in proinsulin, resulting in decreased glucose-stimulated proinsulin production. Various polymorphic sequence variants of the CDKAL1 gene such as rs7754840, rs7756992, rs9465871, and rs10946398 are reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence. One of these single nucleotide polymorphisms i.e., rs10946398 has been reported to impact the risk of GDM and its outcomes in pregnant women of different ethnicities i.e., Egypt, Chinese, Korean, Indian, Arab, and Malaysian. Numerous findings have shown that rs10946398 overturns the regulation of CDKAL1 expression, resulting in decreased insulin production and elevated risk of GDM. However, there is no data regarding rs10946398 genotype association with GDM incidence in our population. METHODOLOGY In this study, 47 GDM patients and 40 age-matched controls were genotyped for rs10946398 CDKAL1 variant using Tetra primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra ARMS-PCR). RESULTS Analysis of the results showed the significant association of the C allele of CDKAL1 SNP rs10946398 (χ2 = 0.02 p = 0.001) with the risk of GDM development. Conclusively, the results support the role of SNP i.e., rs10946398 of CDKAL1 gene in GDM development in Pakistani female patients. However, future large-scale studies are needed to functionally authenticate the role of variant genotypes in the disease pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleesha Asghar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, University Road, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, University Road, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Kiran Afshan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, University Road, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang H, Li J, Liu J, Leng J, Li W, Yu Z, Tam CHT, Hu G, Ma RCW, Fang Z, Wang Y, Yang X. Interactions of CDKAL1 rs7747752 polymorphism and serum levels of L-carnitine and choline are related to increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:14. [PMID: 36183068 PMCID: PMC9526259 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to examine interactive effects of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit-associated protein1-like 1(CDKAL1) rs7747752 polymorphism with low serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine for GDM. METHODS A nested case-control study of 207 GDM women and their one-to-one, age-matched controls was organized from a prospective cohort of pregnant women in Tianjin, China. Conditional logistic regressions were used to test associations between CDKAL1 rs7747752 and serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine, and the risk of GDM. Additive interactions were performed to examine interactive effects of rs7747752 and low serum levels of L-carnitine, choline, and betaine on the risk of GDM. RESULTS The CDKAL1 rs7747752 G > C was associated with GDM in additive, dominant, and recessive model (P <0.05). The rs7747752 CC genotype enhanced the OR of L-carnitine ≤ vs. > 150 nmol/mL for GDM from 6.14 (2.61-14.4) to 19.6 (5.65-68.1) and the OR of choline ≤ vs. > 110 nmol/mL from 2.37 (1.07-5.28) to 12.1 (3.22-45.6), with significant additive interactions. Similarly, CG genotype also enhanced the OR of L-carnitine ≤ vs. > 150 nmol/mL for GDM from 4.70 (2.01-11.0) to 11.4 (3.98-32.9), with a significant additive interaction. However, the additive interaction between rs7747752 and betaine ≤ 200 nmol/mL on the risk of GDM was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The CC or CG genotype carriers in rs7747752 of CDKAL1 who have a low serum level of L-carnitine or choline are at a particular high risk of GDM. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to test the effect of supplement of L-carnitine or choline on the risk of GDM in the high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, 300041 China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, 300041 China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Claudia H. T. Tam
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Gang Hu
- grid.250514.70000 0001 2159 6024Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 USA
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Scientific Research Platform of the Second School of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Technology in Stomatology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808 Guangdong China
| | - Xilin Yang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China ,grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
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12
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KCNJ11 and KCNQ1 Gene Polymorphisms and Placental Expression in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081315. [PMID: 35893051 PMCID: PMC9331982 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents carbohydrate intolerance in pregnant women. The pathogenesis of GDM is very complex, but abnormalities in insulin production and secretion underlie the disease. Potassium channels play an important role in insulin production and secretion. The family of potassium channels includes (among others) the potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) and voltage-gated K+ channel (KCNQ1). The aim of the study was to examine the distribution of the KCNJ11 rs5219 and KCNQ1 rs151290 and rs2237892 gene polymorphisms in women with GDM and pregnant women with normal carbohydrate tolerance, to verify whether these polymorphisms are risk factors for GDM. This study included 204 Caucasian pregnant women with GDM and 207 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) from the West Pomeranian region of Poland. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks gestation. There were no statistically significant differences in distribution of the KCNJ11 rs5219 and KCNQ1 rs151290 and rs2237892 gene polymorphisms between women with GDM and pregnant women with normal carbohydrate tolerance. Moreover, there were no statistically significant associations between the studied genotypes and the selected clinical parameters in women with GDM. The results of our study suggest that the KCNJ11 rs5219 and KCNQ1 rs2237892 and rs151290 gene polymorphisms are not significant risk factors associated with the development of GDM in our population. There were also no differences in the expression of KCNJ11 and KCNQ1 genes in the placenta of women with GDM and normal carbohydrate tolerance. However, an association between KCNJ11 gene expression in placenta and APGAR score in newborns was found.
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Ortega-Contreras B, Armella A, Appel J, Mennickent D, Araya J, González M, Castro E, Obregón AM, Lamperti L, Gutiérrez J, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E. Pathophysiological Role of Genetic Factors Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:769924. [PMID: 35450164 PMCID: PMC9016477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.769924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent maternal pathology characterized by maternal glucose intolerance during pregnancy that is, associated with severe complications for both mother and offspring. Several risk factors have been related to GDM; one of the most important among them is genetic predisposition. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that act at different levels on various tissues, could cause changes in the expression levels and activity of proteins, which result in glucose and insulin metabolism dysfunction. In this review, we describe various SNPs; which according to literature, increase the risk of developing GDM. These SNPs include: (1) those associated with transcription factors that regulate insulin production and excretion, such as rs7903146 (TCF7L2) and rs5015480 (HHEX); (2) others that cause a decrease in protective hormones against insulin resistance such as rs2241766 (ADIPOQ) and rs6257 (SHBG); (3) SNPs that cause modifications in membrane proteins, generating dysfunction in insulin signaling or cell transport in the case of rs5443 (GNB3) and rs2237892 (KCNQ1); (4) those associated with enzymes such as rs225014 (DIO2) and rs9939609 (FTO) which cause an impaired metabolism, resulting in an insulin resistance state; and (5) other polymorphisms, those are associated with growth factors such as rs2146323 (VEGFA) and rs755622 (MIF) which could cause changes in the expression levels of these proteins, producing endothelial dysfunction and an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, characteristic on GDM. While the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, this review describes various potential effects of these polymorphisms on the predisposition to develop GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ortega-Contreras
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - A. Armella
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Appel
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - D. Mennickent
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Araya
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M. González
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - E. Castro
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - A. M. Obregón
- Faculty of Health Care, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - L. Lamperti
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago,Chile
| | - E. Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: E. Guzmán-Gutiérrez,
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14
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Genomics and Epigenomics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Understanding the Molecular Pathways of the Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073514. [PMID: 35408874 PMCID: PMC8998752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common complications during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hyperglycemia that occurs for the first time during pregnancy. The condition is multifactorial, caused by an interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain elusive. Moreover, in contrast to several common metabolic disorders, molecular research in GDM is lagging. It is important to recognize that GDM is still commonly diagnosed during the second trimester of pregnancy using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT), at a time when both a fetal and maternal pathophysiology is already present, demonstrating the increased blood glucose levels associated with exacerbated insulin resistance. Therefore, early detection of metabolic changes and associated epigenetic and genetic factors that can lead to an improved prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes and future cardio-metabolic pathologies in GDM women and their children is imperative. Several genomic and epigenetic approaches have been used to identify the genes, genetic variants, metabolic pathways, and epigenetic modifications involved in GDM to determine its etiology. In this article, we explore these factors as well as how their functional effects may contribute to immediate and future pathologies in women with GDM and their offspring from birth to adulthood. We also discuss how these approaches contribute to the changes in different molecular pathways that contribute to the GDM pathogenesis, with a special focus on the development of insulin resistance.
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15
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Tian Y, Li P. Genetic risk score to improve prediction and treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955821. [PMID: 36339414 PMCID: PMC9627198 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the interaction of genetics and the environment that can lead to chronic damage to many organ systems. Genome-wide association studies have identified accumulating single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. Genetic risk score (GRS) has been utilized to evaluate the incidence risk to improve prediction and optimize treatments. This article reviews the research progress in the use of the GRS in diabetes mellitus in recent years and discusses future prospects.
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Wang H, Li J, Leng J, Li W, Liu J, Yan X, Yu Z, Hu G, Ma RCW, Fang Z, Wang Y, Yang X. The CDKAL1 rs7747752-Bile Acids Interaction Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:808956. [PMID: 35360068 PMCID: PMC8960111 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.808956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to explore additive interactions of CDKAL1 rs7747752 and GUDCA/DCA for GDM risk and whether the interactive effects on the risk of GDM was mediated via increasing lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) 18:0 and/or saturated fatty acid (SFA) 16:0. METHODS A 1:1 age-matched study nested in a prospective cohort of pregnant women (207 pairs) was organized in Tianjin, China. Additive interactions were used to test interaction effects while mediation analyses and Sobel tests were used to test mediation effects of LPC18:0 and SFA16:0 between copresence of rs7747752 and low GUDCA/DCA, and GDM risk. RESULTS The CDKAL1 rs7747752 was associated with GDM (P<0.05). The rs7747752 C polymorphism markedly enhanced ORs of low GUDCA from 4.04 (0.72-22.8) to 9.02 (1.63-49.7) and low DCA from 1.67 (0.68-4.11) to 4.24 (1.84-9.76), both with significant additive interactions. Further adjustment for LPC18:0 attenuated the interactive effects of rs7747752 and low DCA, with a significant mediation effect (P=0.003). High SFA16:0 did not mediate the interactive effects of rs7747752 and low DCA/GUDCA on GDM risk. CONCLUSIONS The CDKAL1 rs7747752 C carrier status and low GUDCA/DCA had significant additive interactions on the risk of GDM with the effect from interaction with DCA being partially mediated via increasing LPC18:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Ronald C. W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xilin Yang, ; ; Ying Wang, ; Zhongze Fang,
| | - Ying Wang
- Scientific Research Platform of the Second School of Clinical Medicine & Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Technology in Stomatology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Xilin Yang, ; ; Ying Wang, ; Zhongze Fang,
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xilin Yang, ; ; Ying Wang, ; Zhongze Fang,
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Xu T, Liu M, Liu Q, Wang B, Wang M, Qu M, Chen X, Wu J. Associations of TCF7L2 rs11196218 (A/G) and GLP-1R rs761386 (C/T) Gene Polymorphisms with Obesity in Chinese Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2465-2472. [PMID: 34103955 PMCID: PMC8179745 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism associations with obesity of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene rs11196218 (A/G) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1-R) gene rs761386 (C/T) in the Chinese population. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a case-control pilot study involving 60 patients with obesity and 69 non-obesity Chinese adults, and the two groups were sex and age matched. Anthropometric indices of obesity, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids were assessed. Both polymorphisms were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). RESULTS There were significant differences in the allelic frequencies of the TCF7L2 rs11196218 and GLP1-R rs761386 between obesity and non-obesity groups (P = 0.003, OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.31~4.09]; P = 0.034, OR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.05~3.60], respectively). In allele model, the genotypic frequencies of TCF7L2 rs11196218 and GLP1-R rs761386 also differed between obesity and non-obesity groups (P = 0.014 and 0.033, respectively). In dominant model, the TCF7L2 rs11196218 A-carrier (AA/AG) had a higher risk of obesity than GG genotype (P = 0.014, OR = 2.54, 95% CI [1.21~5.35]). Comparison of clinical and biochemical parameters between genotypes showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the rs11196218 (A/G) polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene and the rs761386 (C/T) polymorphism of the GLP1-R gene were associated with obesity in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Obesity and its Metabolic Complications, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minli Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Obesity and its Metabolic Complications, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jing Wu Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13574120508 Email
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CDKAL1 (rs10946398) and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) gene polymorphisms and their association with risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus in population of Uttarakhand, India. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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19
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Powe CE, Hivert MF, Udler MS. Defining Heterogeneity Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 2020; 69:2064-2074. [PMID: 32843565 PMCID: PMC7506831 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention to precision medicine in type 2 diabetes (T2D) has provided two favored approaches to subclassifying affected individuals and parsing heterogeneity apparent in this condition: phenotype-based and genotype-based. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares phenotypic characteristics with T2D. However, unlike T2D, GDM emerges in the setting of profound pregnancy-related physiologic changes in glucose metabolism. T2D and GDM also share common genetic architecture, but there are likely to be unique genetic influences on pregnancy glycemic regulation that contribute to GDM. In this Perspective, we describe efforts to decipher heterogeneity in T2D and detail how we and others are applying approaches developed for T2D to the study of heterogeneity in GDM. Emerging results reveal the potential of phenotype- and genotype-based subclassification of GDM to deliver the promise of precision medicine to the obstetric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille E Powe
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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20
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Alejandro EU, Mamerto TP, Chung G, Villavieja A, Gaus NL, Morgan E, Pineda-Cortel MRB. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5003. [PMID: 32679915 PMCID: PMC7404253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during pregnancy, has been identified as one of the major obstacles in achieving improved maternal and child health. Approximately 9-25% of pregnancies worldwide are impacted by the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications of this disease. Here, we discuss how GDM affects longstanding maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as health risks that likely persist into future generations. In addition to the current challenges in the management and diagnosis of and the complications associated with GDM, we discuss current preclinical models of GDM to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and the timely need to increase our scientific toolbox to identify strategies to prevent and treat GDM, thereby advancing clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Therriz P. Mamerto
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adrian Villavieja
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Nawirah Lumna Gaus
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- Baystate Medical Center, Baystate Health, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines; (T.P.M.); (A.V.)
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines
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21
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Yahaya TO, Salisu T, Abdulrahman YB, Umar AK. Update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many studies have been conducted on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the last two decades because of the disease’s increasing prevalence and role in global diabetes mellitus (DM) explosion. An update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of GDM then becomes imperative to better understand and stem the rising incidence of the disease. This review, therefore, articulated GDM candidate genes and their pathophysiology for the awareness of stakeholders.
Main body (genetic and epigenetic etiology, GDM)
The search discovered 83 GDM candidate genes, of which TCF7L2, MTNR1B, CDKAL1, IRS1, and KCNQ1 are the most prevalent. Certain polymorphisms of these genes can modulate beta-cell dysfunction, adiposity, obesity, and insulin resistance through several mechanisms. Environmental triggers such as diets, pollutants, and microbes may also cause epigenetic changes in these genes, resulting in a loss of insulin-boosting and glucose metabolism functions. Early detection and adequate management may resolve the condition after delivery; otherwise, it will progress to maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and fetal configuration to future obesity and DM. This shows that GDM is a strong risk factor for T2DM and, in rare cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This further shows that GDM significantly contributes to the rising incidence and burden of DM worldwide and its prevention may reverse the trend.
Conclusion
Mutations and epigenetic changes in certain genes are strong risk factors for GDM. For affected individuals with such etiologies, medical practitioners should formulate drugs and treatment procedures that target these genes and their pathophysiology.
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