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Li P, Jiang W, Yang Q, Lu Y, Zhang J. Leptin protects chondrocytes by inhibiting autophagy via phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35665. [PMID: 39170379 PMCID: PMC11336819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been widely studied and found to have a significant impact on the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the impact of leptin on chondrocytes. The study aimed to examine the impact of leptin on human chondrocytes and rats with OA. In the in vitro experiment, cartilage tissue obtained from patients hospitalized for knee replacement due to OA was collected for primary culture of chondrocytes. The proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. Autophagy levels were evaluated through monodansylcadaverine staining, mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins was analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. In the in vivo experiment, an OA rat model was established. Following treatment with leptin and leptin antagonists, the cartilage tissues were examined using histology analysis (hematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O/fast green staining) and immunohistochemical. Mankin's score was utilized to assess the severity of OA, while qRT-PCR and western blotting were employed to detect the expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins in the cartilage. The ability of leptin to protect chondrocytes is achieved through the inhibition of autophagy via phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, You-Yi Road, district of Yu-Zhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, You-Yi Road, district of Yu-Zhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, You-Yi Road, district of Yu-Zhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
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2
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Tang L, Ding J, Yang K, Zong Z, Wu R, Li H. New insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1. [PMID: 39145815 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with an unclear cause characterized by secondary osteophytes and degenerative changes in the articular cartilage. More than 250 million people are expected to be affected by it by 2050, putting a tremendous socioeconomic strain on the entire world. OA cannot currently be treated with any effective medications that change the illness. Over time, chondrocytes undergo gradual metabolic, structural, and functional changes as a result of aging or abuse. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte homeostasis. By continuously recycling and rebuilding macromolecules or organelles, autophagy functions as a crucial regulatory system to maintain homeostasis during an individual's growth and development. This review uses chondrocytes as its starting point and establishes a strong connection between autophagy and osteoarthritis in order to thoroughly examine the mechanisms behind chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. Biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy will be identified, and prospective targeted medications and novel treatment approaches for slowing or preventing the course of OA will be developed based on chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis in OA. KEY MESSAGES: Currently, OA has not been treated with any drugs that can effectively cure it. We hope that by exploring specific targets in the course of osteoarthritis, we can promote the progress of treatment strategies. The degenerative progression of osteoarthritis is significantly influenced by the imbalance of chondrocyte balance. Through the continuous recovery and reconstruction of macromolecules or organelles, autophagy is an important regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis during individual growth and development. In this paper, the close relationship between autophagy and osteoarthritis was established with chondrocytes as the starting point, in order to further explore the mechanism of chondrocyte autophagy in osteoarthritis. The development process of osteoarthritis was studied from the perspective of chondrocytes, and the change of autophagy level had a significant impact on osteoarthritis. Chondrocyte autophagy is mainly determined by intracellular mitochondrial autophagy, so we are committed to finding relevant molecules. Through PI3K/AKT- and MAPK-related pathways, the biomarkers of chondrocyte autophagy were identified, and chondrocyte senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis based on osteoarthritis provided a constructive idea for the development of prospective targeted drugs and new therapies to slow down or prevent the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Third Clinical Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiatong Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Lee JS, Kim YH, Jhun J, Na HS, Um IG, Choi JW, Woo JS, Kim SH, Shetty AA, Kim SJ, Cho ML. Oxidized LDL Accelerates Cartilage Destruction and Inflammatory Chondrocyte Death in Osteoarthritis by Disrupting the TFEB-Regulated Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e15. [PMID: 38974211 PMCID: PMC11224671 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) involves cartilage degeneration, thereby causing inflammation and pain. Cardiovascular diseases, such as dyslipidemia, are risk factors for OA; however, the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of dyslipidemia on the development of OA. Treatment of cartilage cells with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) enhanced abnormal autophagy but suppressed normal autophagy and reduced the activity of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which is important for the function of lysosomes. Treatment of LDL-exposed chondrocytes with rapamycin, which activates TFEB, restored normal autophagy. Also, LDL enhanced the inflammatory death of chondrocytes, an effect reversed by rapamycin. In an animal model of hyperlipidemia-associated OA, dyslipidemia accelerated the development of OA, an effect reversed by treatment with a statin, an anti-dyslipidemia drug, or rapamycin, which activates TFEB. Dyslipidemia reduced the autophagic flux and induced necroptosis in the cartilage tissue of patients with OA. The levels of triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol were increased in patients with OA compared to those without OA. The C-reactive protein level of patients with dyslipidemia was higher than that of those without dyslipidemia after total knee replacement arthroplasty. In conclusion, oxidized LDL, an important risk factor of dyslipidemia, inhibited the activity of TFEB and reduced the autophagic flux, thereby inducing necroptosis in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Su Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - JooYeon Jhun
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - In Gyu Um
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung Hyo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Asode Ananthram Shetty
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Medway Campus of Canterbury Christ Church University, Chatham ME4 4UF, UK
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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4
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Gambari R, Finotti A. Therapeutic Relevance of Inducing Autophagy in β-Thalassemia. Cells 2024; 13:918. [PMID: 38891049 PMCID: PMC11171814 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-thalassemias are inherited genetic disorders affecting the hematopoietic system. In β-thalassemias, more than 350 mutations of the adult β-globin gene cause the low or absent production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). A clinical parameter affecting the physiology of erythroid cells is the excess of free α-globin. Possible experimental strategies for a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia are CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing of the β-globin gene, forcing "de novo" HbA production and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction. In addition, a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia can be achieved by induction of the autophagic process. This process is regulated by the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) gene. The interplay with the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway, with the activity of the α-globin stabilizing protein (AHSP) and the involvement of microRNAs in autophagy and Ulk1 gene expression, is presented and discussed in the context of identifying novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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Lee DY, Bahar ME, Kim CW, Seo MS, Song MG, Song SY, Kim SY, Kim DR, Kim DH. Autophagy in Osteoarthritis: A Double-Edged Sword in Cartilage Aging and Mechanical Stress Response: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3005. [PMID: 38792546 PMCID: PMC11122125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Although osteoarthritis (OA) development is epidemiologically multifactorial, a primary underlying mechanism is still under debate. Understanding the pathophysiology of OA remains challenging. Recently, experts have focused on autophagy as a contributor to OA development. Method: To better understand the pathogenesis of OA, we survey the literature on the role of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of OA development. To identify relevant studies, we used controlled vocabulary and free text keywords to search the MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and SCOPUS database. Thirty-one studies were included for data extraction and systematic review. Among these studies, twenty-five studies investigated the effects of autophagy in aging and OA chondrocytes, six studies examined the effects of autophagy in normal human chondrocytes, and only one study investigated the effects of mechanical stress-induced autophagy on the development of OA in normal chondrocytes. Results: The studies suggest that autophagy activation prevents OA by exerting cell-protective effects in normal human chondrocytes. However, in aging and osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, the role of autophagy is intricate, as certain studies indicate that stimulating autophagy in these cells can have a cytotoxic effect, while others propose that it may have a protective (cytoprotective) effect against damage or degeneration. Conclusions: Mechanical stress-induced autophagy is also thought to be involved in the development of OA, but further research is required to identify the precise mechanism. Thus, autophagy contributions should be interpreted with caution in aging and the types of OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeong Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barun Hospital, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Chang-Won Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Min-Seok Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Myung-Geun Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Youn Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Soung-Yon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Deok-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
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Liu L, Wang J, Liu L, Shi W, Gao H, Liu L. The dysregulated autophagy in osteoarthritis: Revisiting molecular profile. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024:S0079-6107(24)00034-8. [PMID: 38531488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The risk factors of osteoarthritis (OA) are different and obesity, lifestyle, inflammation, cell death mechanisms and diabetes mellitus are among them. The changes in the biological mechanisms are considered as main regulators of OA pathogenesis. The dysregulation of autophagy is observed in different human diseases. During the pathogenesis of OA, the autophagy levels (induction or inhibition) change. The supportive and pro-survival function of autophagy can retard the progression of OA. The protective autophagy prevents the cartilage degeneration. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interactions with cell death mechanisms and through inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis, it improves OA. The non-coding RNA molecules can regulate autophagy and through direct and indirect control of autophagy, they dually delay/increase OA pathogenesis. The mitochondrial integrity can be regulated by autophagy to alleviate OA. Furthermore, therapeutic compounds, especially phytochemicals, stimulate protective autophagy in chondrocytes to prevent cell death. The protective autophagy has ability of reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, as two key players in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Pingdu, 266000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Pingdu, 266000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianbao Central Health Hospital, Xintai City, Shandong Province, Shandong, Xintai, 271200, China
| | - Wenling Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Pingdu, 266000, China
| | - Huajie Gao
- Operating Room of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, Pingdu, 266000, China
| | - Lun Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Pingdu, 266000, China.
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Ouyang X, Chen X, Xin F, Sha P, Tong S, Liu M, Li S, Li X. p21 Improving Osteoarthritis by Regulating the Pyroptosis of Cartilage Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:644-653. [PMID: 38919298 PMCID: PMC11194650 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background The regulation of p21 in the pyroptosis of cartilage cells still needs to be further clarified. We aimed to explore the regulation of p21 on the pyroptosis of cartilage cells and to reveal the improvement of osteoarthritis. Methods Chondrocytes were collected and isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (average age 58.64 ± 4.32) in Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, China in 2019, and healthy volunteers (average age 58.23 ± 3.91) were enrolled as the control group. mRNA expression levels of p21 and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, total caspase1 and cleaved-Caspase1) were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Cell activity, total number of cells and number of dead cells were calculated with CCK-8, MTT. And the regulation of p21 on the pyroptosis of cartilage cells was verified with overexpression and knockdown of p21 in cartilage cells. Results In cartilage cells of patients with osteoarthritis, the transcription and translation levels of pyrolysis-related genes (NLRP3, cleaved-caspase 1, and ASC) significantly increased (P<0.01). p21 expression was up-regulated and positively correlated with the changing trend of pyrolysis-related proteins (P<0.01). Overexpressing p21 genes in normal cartilage cells significantly increased the expression of pyrolysis-related proteins (P<0.01). Conclusion The pyroptosis of cartilage cells is causally related to the process of osteoarthritis, and can be regulated by transcription factor p21, which is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xingran Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Peng Sha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Songming Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xue H, Guo Y, Wei S, Li F, Gong L, Pan W, Jiang P. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae004. [PMID: 38486976 PMCID: PMC10935486 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is crucial for supporting bodily functions, protecting vital organs, facilitating hematopoiesis, and storing essential minerals. Skeletal homeostasis, which includes aspects such as bone density, structural integrity, and regenerative processes, is essential for normal skeletal function. Autophagy, an intricate intracellular mechanism for degrading and recycling cellular components, plays a multifaceted role in bone metabolism. It involves sequestering cellular waste, damaged proteins, and organelles within autophagosomes, which are then degraded and recycled. Autophagy's impact on bone health varies depending on factors such as regulation, cell type, environmental cues, and physiological context. Despite being traditionally considered a cytoplasmic process, autophagy is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation within the nucleus. However, the precise influence of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, on cellular fate remains incompletely understood. The interplay between autophagy and epigenetic modifications adds complexity to bone cell regulation. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate interplay between these two regulatory paradigms, with a focus on the epigenetic control of autophagy in bone metabolism. Such an understanding enhances our knowledge of bone metabolism-related disorders and offers insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Linqiang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Weiliang Pan
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining 272000, China
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李 嘉, 谢 静, 周 学. [Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Inhibits Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Promotes Autophagy Through the Akt Signaling Pathway]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:53-59. [PMID: 38322539 PMCID: PMC10839473 DOI: 10.12182/20240160202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) on the apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from the knee joints of neonatal mice. The chondrocytes were then stimulated with 0 (the control group), 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL of SDF-1α. CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the effects of SDF-1α stimulation for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h on the viability of the chondrocytes. Wound healing assay was conducted to determine the effects of SDF-1α stimulation for 12 h and 24 h on chondrocyte migration. The changes in the expression of Akt signaling pathway proteins in chondrocytes were determined by Western blot assay. Chondrocytes were stimulated with 0 (the control group) and 200 ng/mL of SDF-1α. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the effect of SDF-1α on the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Transmission electron microscope was used to examine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrocyte autophagy. Immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to visualize the differences in p-Akt expression and distribution in chondrocytes treated with SDF-1α. Results Compared with the control group, findings for the experimental groups showed that SDF-1α at the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL did not decrease chondrocyte activity at any time point (P<0.01) and it consistently promoted chondrocyte migration at 24 h (P<0.05). Western blot results revealed that, in comparison to the control group, SDF-1α at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL significantly up-regulated the protein expression of p-Akt in chondrocytes, while no significant difference in Akt expression was observed. Flow cytometry demonstrated that SDF-1α could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis (P<0.05) and transmission electron microscopic observation showed that SDF-1α promoted chondrocyte autophagy (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of p-Akt in chondrocytes was concentrated in the perinuclear area of the cells and this expression was further enhanced in the perinuclear area of the chondrocytes after treatment with SDF-1α. Conclusion SDF-1α inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis and promotes chondrocyte migration and autophagy through activating the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- 嘉舟 李
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 谢
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Saengsiwaritt W, Jittikoon J, Chaikledkaew U, Tawonsawatruk T, Honsawek S, Udomsinprasert W. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating level of autophagosome protein LC3A, inflammation, and physical performance in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2543-2556. [PMID: 37749758 PMCID: PMC10719460 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant autophagic activity is observed in osteoarthritic joints. Vitamin D was shown to alleviate not only osteoarthritis severity, but also autophagy process. However, the influence of vitamin D on autophagy in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains ambiguous. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 on serum levels of autophagosome protein LC3A in patients with KOA and whether LC3A levels were correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and clinical outcomes of patients with KOA. A total of 165 patients with KOA and 25 healthy controls were recruited. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) was administered to patients with KOA at a weekly dosage of 40,000 IU. Serum LC3A, knee pain and functional scores, muscle strength, physical performance, and biochemical parameters were examined before and after 6 months of vitamin D2 supplementation. Serum LC3A levels were significantly higher in patients with KOA than healthy controls. In patients with KOA, vitamin D2 supplementation significantly decreased serum LC3A levels. Furthermore, baseline levels of serum LC3A were significantly associated with radiographic severity, pain and functional scores, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, IL-6, protein carbonyl, and serum 25(OH)D. After adjusting for established confounders, independent relationships among serum LC3A and radiographic severity, pain and functional scores, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, IL-6, protein carbonyl, and serum 25(OH)D were also observed. Vitamin D2 supplementation was shown to not only decrease serum levels of LC3A, inflammatory markers, as well as oxidative stress, but also improve muscle strength and physical performance in patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Social and Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate ProgramMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of Orthopaedics, Vinai Parkpian Orthopaedic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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11
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An F, Sun B, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Yan C. Advances in understanding effects of miRNAs on apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in knee osteoarthritis. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1261-1278. [PMID: 37914978 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs. MicroRNAs-mediated signaling pathways play a critical regulatory role in inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in developing knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Given this, we searched databases, such as PubMed, using keywords including "miRNA," "knee osteoarthritis," "apoptosis," "autophagy," "pyroptosis", and their combinations. Through an extensive literature review, we conclude that miRNAs can be modulated through various signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and NLRP3/Caspase-1, to regulate apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in KOA. Furthermore, we note that P2X7R and HMGB1 may be crucial regulatory molecules involved in the interconnected regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis in KOA. Additionally, we describe that miR-140-5p and miR-107 can modulate the advancement of KOA chondrocytes by targeting distinct molecules involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that miRNAs may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early prediction, diagnosis, and effective therapeutic approaches of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bai Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China.
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, China.
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12
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Ni B, Yan J, Cai W, Xiao Y, Tu C. Tizoxanide as a novel theraputic candidate for osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19472. [PMID: 37662752 PMCID: PMC10472306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently seen degenerative joint disease in the elderly. Its pathogenesis is highly related to the local inflammatory reaction and autophagy. Tizoxanide (Tiz), the main active metabolite of nitazoxanide, has proved its anti-inflammatory properties in several diseases. However, the exact role of Tiz in OA remains to explore. In this study, we investigated the anti-arthritic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Tiz on rat OA. The results showed that Tiz could attenuate the IL-1β-induced inflammatory disorders, cartilage matrix damage and autophagy reduction in rat chondrocytes. Moreover, employment of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could antagonize the protective effects of Tiz in IL-1β-treated rat chondrocytes. Additionally, Tiz also inhibited the IL-1β-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR and P38/JNK phosphorylation in chondrocytes. In vivo, intra-articular injection of Tiz could significantly alleviate the progression of cartilage damage in rat OA model. Briefly, our study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of Tiz in OA, suggesting that Tiz administration might serve as a promising strategy in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan Third Hopspital, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Wei W, Mu H, Cui Q, Yu P, Liu T, Wang T, Sheng L. CircTBX5 knockdown modulates the miR-558/MyD88 axis to alleviate IL-1β-induced inflammation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes via inactivating the NF-κB signaling. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:477. [PMID: 37393232 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely shared that the dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) may contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is characterized by persistent chondrocyte injury. We aimed to clarify the role of circTBX5 in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. METHODS The expression of circTBX5, miR-558 and MyD88 mRNA was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8, EdU or flow cytometry assay. The protein levels of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated markers, MyD88, IkBα, p65 and phosphorylated IkBα were measured by western blot. The release of inflammatory factors was assessed by ELISA. The targets of circTBX5 were screened by RIP and pull-down assay. The putative binding between miR-558 and circTBX5 or MyD88 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS CircTBX5 and MyD88 were enhanced, while miR-558 was downregulated in OA cartilage tissues and IL-1β-treated C28/I2 cells. IL-1β induced C28/I2 cell injury by impairing cell viability and proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis, ECM degradation and inflammatory response, while circTBX5 knockdown alleviated IL-1β induced injury. CircTBX5 bound to miR-558 to regulate IL-1β induced cell injury. In addition, MyD88 was a target of miR-558, and circTBX5 targeted miR-558 to positively regulate MyD88 expression. MiR-558 enrichment attenuated IL-1β induced injury by sequestering MyD88 expression. Moreover, circTBX5 knockdown weakened the activity of NF-κB signaling, while miR-558 inhibition or MyD88 overexpression recovered the activity of NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSION CircTBX5 knockdown modulated the miR-558/MyD88 axis to alleviate IL-1β induced chondrocyte apoptosis, ECM degradation and inflammation via inactivating the NF-кB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Hongjie Mu
- Sports Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Qiaoyi Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Foot and Ankle Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Department of Medicine, Yantai City Yu Huangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuang East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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14
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Loisay L, Komla-Ebri D, Morice A, Heuzé Y, Viaut C, de La Seiglière A, Kaci N, Chan D, Lamouroux A, Baujat G, Bassett JD, Williams GR, Legeai-Mallet L. Hypochondroplasia gain-of-function mutation in FGFR3 causes defective bone mineralization in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168796. [PMID: 37345656 PMCID: PMC10371252 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a mild dwarfism caused by missense mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), with the majority of cases resulting from a heterozygous p.Asn540Lys gain-of-function mutation. Here, we report the generation and characterization of the first mouse model (Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+) of HCH to our knowledge. Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+ mice exhibited progressive dwarfism and impairment of the synchondroses of the cranial base, resulting in defective formation of the foramen magnum. The appendicular and axial skeletons were both severely affected and we demonstrated an important role of FGFR3 in regulation of cortical and trabecular bone structure. Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) of long bones and vertebral bodies was decreased, but cortical BMD increased with age in both tibiae and femurs. These results demonstrate that bones in Fgfr3Asn534Lys/+ mice, due to FGFR3 activation, exhibit some characteristics of osteoporosis. The present findings emphasize the detrimental effect of gain-of-function mutations in the Fgfr3 gene on long bone modeling during both developmental and aging processes, with potential implications for the management of elderly patients with hypochondroplasia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Loisay
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Morice
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Yann Heuzé
- UMR5199 PACEA, CNRS, MC, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Camille Viaut
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Amélie de La Seiglière
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Kaci
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Audrey Lamouroux
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Arnaud De Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, French Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J.H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
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15
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Downregulation of Sox8 mediates monosodium urate crystal-induced autophagic impairment of cartilage in gout arthritis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:95. [PMID: 36918540 PMCID: PMC10015026 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in arthritic joints of gout seriously damages cartilage. This study aimed to investigate whether MSU crystal-induced cartilage impairment was related to autophagic signaling. mRNAs of cartilage from MSU-induced gouty arthritis rat model were sequenced. MSU crystal-treated human chondrocytes were used to evaluate the function of Sox8. The recombinant Sox8 lentiviral vector (lenti-Sox8) was applied to upregulate the expression of Sox8. Transfection of the mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid was evaluated by confocal microscopy. The autophagic vacuoles were stained with monodansylcadaverine and examined by flow cytometry. The morphology of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The ratio of LC3-II/I in the presence or absence of bafilomycin A1 and the expression levels of Beclin1, Sox8, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, and mTOR were detected by Western blot. In vivo, the effect of Sox8 on cartilage of acute gouty model rats was evaluated by safranin-O/fast green staining and Western blot. The expression of Sox8 was significantly downregulated both in vivo and in vitro. In chondrocytes, MSU crystals reduced the expression of Sox8, inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and increased the level of autophagy. Overexpression of Sox8 notably inhibited MSU crystal-induced autophagy by rescuing the phosphorylation levels in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo, overexpression of Sox8 remarkably alleviated cartilage damage in acute gouty model rats. These results indicate that downregulation of Sox8 plays an important role in MSU-induced chondrocyte autophagy by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and overexpression of Sox8 may serve as a novel therapy to prevent the impairment of cartilage in gout arthritis.
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16
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Liu S, Pan Y, Li T, Zou M, Liu W, Li Q, Wan H, Peng J, Hao L. The Role of Regulated Programmed Cell Death in Osteoarthritis: From Pathogenesis to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065364. [PMID: 36982438 PMCID: PMC10049357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide chronic disease that can cause severe inflammation to damage the surrounding tissue and cartilage. There are many different factors that can lead to osteoarthritis, but abnormally progressed programmed cell death is one of the most important risk factors that can induce osteoarthritis. Prior studies have demonstrated that programmed cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and cuproptosis, has a great connection with osteoarthritis. In this paper, we review the role of different types of programmed cell death in the generation and development of OA and how the different signal pathways modulate the different cell death to regulate the development of OA. Additionally, this review provides new insights into the radical treatment of osteoarthritis rather than conservative treatment, such as anti-inflammation drugs or surgical operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yurong Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Marry College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenji Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huan Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-15983280459 (J.P.); +86-13607008562 (L.H.)
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (L.H.); Tel.: +86-15983280459 (J.P.); +86-13607008562 (L.H.)
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Evaluation of Biodegradable Alloy Fe30Mn0.6N in Rabbit Femur and Cartilage through Detecting Osteogenesis and Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3626776. [PMID: 36714031 PMCID: PMC9876671 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3626776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable iron alloy implants have become one of the most ideal possible candidates because of their biocompatibility and comprehensive mechanical properties. Iron alloy's impact on chondrocytes is still unknown, though. This investigation looked at the biocompatibility and degradation of the Fe30Mn0.6N alloy as well as how it affected bone formation and chondrocyte autophagy. In vivo implantation of Fe30Mn0.6N and Ti6Al4V rods into rabbit femoral cartilage and femoral shaft was carried out to evaluate the degradation of the alloy and the cartilage and bone response at different intervals. After 8 weeks of implantation, the cross-sectional area of the Fe30Mn0.6N alloys lowered by 50.79 ± 9.59%. More Ca and P element deposition was found on the surface Fe30Mn0.6N rods by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (P < 0.05). After 2, 4, and 8 weeks of implantation, no evident inflammatory infiltration was seen in peri-implant cartilage and bone tissue of Fe30Mn0.6N and Ti6Al4V alloys. Also, implantation of Fe30Mn0.6N alloy promoted autophagy in cartilage by detecting expression of LC3-II compared with Ti6Al4V after implantation (P < 0.05). Fe30Mn0.6N alloy also stimulated early osteogenesis at the peri-implant interface compared with Ti6Al4V after implantation (P < 0.05). In the in vitro test, we found that low concentrations of Fe30Mn0.6N extracts had no influence on cell viability. 15% and 30% extracts of Fe30Mn0.6N could upregulate autophagy compared to the control group by detecting beclin-1, LC3, Atg3, and P62 on the basis of WB and IHC (P < 0.05). Also, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mediated in the upregulation of autophagy of chondrocytes resulting in exposure to extract of Fe30Mn0.6N alloy. It is concluded that Fe30Mn0.6N showed degradability and biocompatibility in vivo and upregulated autophagy activity in chondrocytes.
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18
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Sekelova T, Danisovic L, Cehakova M. Rejuvenation of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Prevent Age-Related Changes in Synovial Joints. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231200065. [PMID: 37766590 PMCID: PMC10540599 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal/medicinal stem/signaling cells (MSCs), well known for regenerative potential, have been involved in hundreds of clinical trials. Even if equipped with reparative properties, aging significantly decreases their biological activity, representing a major challenge for MSC-based therapies. Age-related joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, are associated with the accumulation of senescent cells, including synovial MSCs. An impaired ability of MSCs to self-renew and differentiate is one of the main contributors to the human aging process. Moreover, senescent MSCs (sMSCs) are characterized by the senescence-messaging secretome (SMS), which is typically manifested by the release of molecules with an adverse effect. Many factors, from genetic and metabolic pathways to environmental stressors, participate in the regulation of the senescent phenotype of MSCs. To better understand cellular senescence in MSCs, this review discusses the characteristics of sMSCs, their role in cartilage and synovial joint aging, and current rejuvenation approaches to delay/reverse age-related pathological changes, providing evidence from in vivo experiments as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sekelova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Cehakova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Abstract
Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. As such, amino acids contribute to a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, matrix synthesis and intercellular communication, which are all critical for skeletal cell functioning. Here we summarize recent work elucidating how amino acid metabolism supports and regulates skeletal cell function during bone growth and homeostasis, as well as during skeletal disease. The most extensively studied amino acid is glutamine, and osteoblasts and chondrocytes rely heavily on this non-essential amino acid during for their functioning and differentiation. Regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors such as SOX9 and osteoanabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone or WNT, glutamine metabolism has a wide range of metabolic roles, as it fuels anabolic processes by producing nucleotides and non-essential amino acids, maintains redox balance by generating the antioxidant glutathione and regulates cell-specific gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. We also describe how other amino acids affect skeletal cell functions, although further work is needed to fully understand their effect. The increasing number of studies using stable isotope labelling in several skeletal cell types at various stages of differentiation, together with conditional inactivation of amino acid transporters or enzymes in mouse models, will allow us to obtain a more complete picture of amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Stegen
- Corresponding author at: Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&N1bis, Herestraat 49 box 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Li Z, Li D, Su H, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Autophagy: An important target for natural products in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999017. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, involving a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Any imbalance in this process can cause disturbances in bone metabolism and lead to the development of many associated bone diseases. Autophagy, one of the fundamental pathways for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, is a fundamental process that regulates cellular and organismal homeostasis. Importantly, basic levels of autophagy are present in all types of bone-associated cells. Due to the cyclic nature of autophagy and the ongoing bone metabolism processes, autophagy is considered a new participant in bone maintenance. Novel therapeutic targets have emerged as a result of new mechanisms, and bone metabolism can be controlled by interfering with autophagy by focusing on certain regulatory molecules in autophagy. In parallel, several studies have reported that various natural products exhibit a good potential to mediate autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, we briefly described the process of autophagy, emphasizing its function in different cell types involved in bone development and metabolism (including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts), and also summarized research advances in natural product-mediated autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone disease caused by dysfunction of these cells (including osteoporosis, rheumatoid joints, osteoarthritis, fracture nonunion/delayed union). The objective of the study was to identify the function that autophagy serves in metabolic bone disease and the effects, potential, and challenges of natural products for the treatment of these diseases by targeting autophagy.
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Kim S, Lee K, Choi YS, Ku J, Kim H, Kharbash R, Yoon J, Lee YS, Kim JH, Lee YJ, Kim Y. Mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs govern the stress response in chondrocytes to promote osteoarthritis development. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111178. [PMID: 35947956 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) is an immune response protein that becomes activated by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). PKR overactivation is associated with degenerative diseases with inflammation, including osteoarthritis (OA), but the dsRNA activator remains largely unknown. Here, we find that mitochondrial dsRNA (mt-dsRNA) expression and its cytosolic efflux are facilitated in chondrocytes under OA-eliciting conditions, leading to innate immune activation. Moreover, mt-dsRNAs are released to the extracellular space and activate Toll-like receptor 3 at the plasma membrane. Elevated levels of mt-dsRNAs in the synovial fluids and damaged cartilage of OA patients and in the cartilage of surgery-induced OA mice further support our data. Importantly, autophagy prevents PKR activation and protects chondrocytes from mitochondrial stress partly by removing cytosolic mtRNAs. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of innate immune activation by mt-dsRNAs during stress responses that underlie the development of OA and suggests mt-dsRNAs as a potential target for chondroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Raisa Kharbash
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jimin Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yong Seuk Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13605, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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22
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Han H, Chen M, Li Z, Zhou S, Wu Y, Wei J. Corosolic Acid Protects Rat Chondrocytes Against IL-1β-Induced ECM Degradation by Activating Autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Ameliorates Rat Osteoarthritis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2627-2637. [PMID: 35965964 PMCID: PMC9364989 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s365279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease associated with enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreased autophagy. Our study is aimed to explore how corosolic acid (CRA) affect cartilage ECM metabolism and the potential mechanism. Methods Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of CRA (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM), and were stimulated with IL-1β (10ng/mL) for 24 h, subsequently. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of genes related to ECM metabolism and explore the potential molecular mechanism. The effect of CRA on articular cartilage was observed in the surgically induced OA rat model with the method of Safranin O/Fast green and immunohistochemical staining. Results Results showed that CRA reversed the IL-1β-induced degradation of aggrecan and type II collagen and the high expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Mechanistically, CRA enhanced autophagy through inhibiting the classical PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy partly abolished the protective effects of CRA on ECM synthesis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Correspondingly, the protective effect of CRA was also confirmed in a rat OA model. Conclusion Herein, we demonstrate that CRA can enhance autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, prevent IL-1β-induced cartilage ECM degradation, and may be a potentially applicable candidate for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Wei, Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13669663233, Email
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HIF-1α upregulation exerts the antagonistic effect against angiogenesis inhibition in manganese deficiency-induced tibial dyschondroplasia of broiler chicks. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1023-1032. [PMID: 35835972 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement for broiler breeding and its deficiency causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). Tibial growth plate (TGP) development and metaphyseal vascularization are crucial for tibia growth in fast-growing broiler chickens, but their roles in Mn deficiency-induced TD in chicks remain unclear. This study was designed to clarify this issue. A total of 36 one-day-old broilers were divided into the control group and Mn-deficiency (Mn-D) group, which were fed with a standard diet (60 mg Mn/kg) and Mn deficiency diet (22 mg Mn/kg) for 42 days, respectively. TGP and proximal tibial metaphysis were collected to perform the related assays. This study found that Mn deficiency decreased the tibia length and TGP thickness in the TD model. Also, Mn deficiency increased the irregular and white tibial dyschondroplasia lesions (TDL) region under the TGP, and reduced the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Combined with histological assessment, it was suggested that Manganese deficiency inhibited angiogenesis in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Meanwhile, Mn deficiency enhanced the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α), autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β (LC3-II) in TGP, but decreased the expression level of SQSTM1 (P62), which suggested that autophagy was activated during this process. Collectively, these data indicate that HIF-1α up-regulation and concurrent autophagy activation exert a protective effect against Mn deficiency-induced angiogenesis inhibition, which may provide useful guidance to prevent TD in broilers.
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24
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Zhang H, Chen C, Song J. microRNA-4701-5p protects against interleukin-1β induced human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells injury via modulating HMGA1. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:246. [PMID: 35459188 PMCID: PMC9034483 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA-4701-5p has been reported to be a vital regulator in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and miRNA-4701-5p is evidenced to be participated in synovial invasion and joint destruction. In our report, we investigated the roles of miRNA-4701-5p in osteoarthritis (OA) and analyzed the molecular mechanism. Methods Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was applied for stimulating human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells to establish an OA injury model. mRNA levels and protein expression were measured using qRT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. The proliferation ability and cytotoxicity of CHON-001 cells were checked using MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The inflammation of chondrocytes was accessed by the secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The apoptosis of chondrocytes was determined by flow cytometry assay. Bioinformatics software Starbase v2.0 analyzed the functional binding sites between miRNA-4701-5p and HMGA1 and the interaction was further confirmed using dual luciferase reporter analysis. Results: miRNA-4701-5p was down-regulated in the IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes and HMGA1 directly targeted miRNA-4701-5p. Up-regulation of miRNA-4701-5p could alleviate IL-1β-treated CHON-001 cells inflammation and apoptosis, and reversed the cell proliferation decrease and cytotoxicity increase after IL-1β treatment. Nevertheless, all the roles of miRNA-4701-5p overexpression in CHON-001 cells could be reversed by HMGA1 up-regulation. Conclusions miRNA-4701-5p could alleviate the inflammatory injury of IL-1β-treated CHON-001 cells via down-regulating HMGA1, indicating that miRNA-4701-5p/HMGA1 is a promising therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435000, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Huangshi Central Hospital, Edong Healthcare Group, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, No. 141 Tianjin Road, Huangshi, 435000, China
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General Rehabilitation Program after Knee or Hip Replacement Significantly Influences Erythrocytes Oxidative Stress Markers and Serum ST2 Levels. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1358858. [PMID: 35401921 PMCID: PMC8986427 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1358858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The survival of erythrocytes in the circulating blood depends on their membranes' structural and functional integrity. One of the mechanisms that may underlie the process of joint degeneration is the imbalance of prooxidants and antioxidants, promoting cellular oxidative stress. The study is aimed at observing the effects of the 21-day general rehabilitation program on the erythrocytes redox status and serum ST2 marker in patients after knee or hip replacement in the course of osteoarthritis. Erythrocytes and serum samples were collected from 36 patients. We analyzed the selected markers of the antioxidant system in the erythrocytes: catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (glutathione disulfide reductase (GR, GSR)), total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST) activity, and cholesterol and lipofuscin (LPS) concentration. In serum, we analyzed the concentration of the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) marker. After the 21-day general rehabilitation program, the total SOD and GPx activity, measured in the hemolysates, significantly increased (p < 0.001) while LPS, cholesterol, and ST2 levels in serum significantly decreased (p < 0.001). General rehabilitation reduces oxidative stress in patients after knee or hip replacement in the course of osteoarthritis. Individually designed, regular physical activity is the essential element of the postoperative protocol, which improves the redox balance helping patients recover after the s4urgery effectively.
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Ultrasound Protects Human Chondrocytes from Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes Induced by Oxidative Stress. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of therapeutic ultrasound (US) on oxidative stress (OS)-induced changes in cultured human chondrocytes (HCH). For this, monolayer HCH were randomized in three groups: a control group (CG), a group exposed to OS (OS group), and a group exposed to US and OS (US-OS group). US exposure of the chondrocytes was performed prior to OS induction by hydrogen peroxide. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to assess the chondrocytes ultrastructure. OS and inflammatory markers were recorded. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the OS group than in CG. In the US-OS group MDA and TNF-α were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the OS group. Finally, in the US-OS group MDA and TNF-α were lower than in CG, but without statistical significance. TEM showed normal chondrocytes in CG. In the OS group TEM showed necrotic chondrocytes and chondrocytes with a high degree of vacuolation and cell organelles damages. In the US-OS group the chondrocytes ultrastructure was well preserved, and autophagosomes were generated. In conclusion, US could protect chondrocytes from biochemical (lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers synthesis) and ultrastructural changes induced by OS and could stimulate autophagosomes development.
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Sakashita H, Bando Y, Nagasaka A, Sakiyama K, Onozawa G, Taira F, Ogasawara Y, Owada Y, Sakashita H, Amano O. Spatial and chronological localization of septoclasts in the mouse Meckel's cartilage. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:569-580. [PMID: 35195769 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Meckel's cartilage (MC) in the first branchial arch of mammals is a transient structure that disappears before birth, except for the most anterior and posterior portions. Recent studies reported that some congenital abnormalities in craniofacial regions are linked with the persistence or dysplasia of MC. However, the mechanisms underlying the resorption of MC have not been elucidated. Cartilage resorption in endochondral ossification is performed by multinuclear osteoclasts/chondroclasts as well as mononuclear septoclasts, which were newly added to the list of cartilage phagocytes. Septoclasts located exclusively at the chondro-osseous junction of the growth plate resorb the uncalcified cartilage matrix. We hypothesized that septoclasts participate in the resorption of MC and attempted to clarify the localization and roles of septoclasts in MC of mouse using a specific immunohistochemistry marker, epidermal type-fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP/FABP5). E-FABP-immunopositive septoclasts were detected for the first time at the beginning of MC resorption and localized along the resorption surface. Septoclasts of MC in embryonic mice possessed several processes that elongated toward the uncalcified cartilage matrix, expressed cathepsin B, and exhibited characteristic pericapillary localization. Additionally, they localized between hypertrophied cartilage and osteoclasts/chondroclasts in the resorption surface. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed a decrease in the numbers of septoclasts and their processes with the progression of MC disappearance before birth. The present study showed that E-FABP-immunopositive septoclasts participated in the disappearance of MC through the resorption of the uncalcified cartilage matrix and that they have different roles from osteoclasts/chondroclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hide Sakashita
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Bando
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Koji Sakiyama
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Go Onozawa
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Fuyoko Taira
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yudai Ogasawara
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakashita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan
| | - Osamu Amano
- Division of Anatomy/Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 3500283, Japan.
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Xu F, Hu QF, Li J, Shi CJ, Luo JW, Tian WC, Pan LW. SOX4-activated lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 aggravates osteoarthritis progression by modulating miR-149-5p/Notch1 signaling. Cytokine 2022; 152:155805. [PMID: 35202986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the expression and underlying network of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MCM3AP-AS1 in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Human articular cartilage samples, OA model rats and IL-1β-treated C28/I2 cells were used in this study. The expression changes of genes and proteins were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot assays, respectively. Molecule interactions were validated by dual luciferase and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. H&E staining was used to detect the pathological changes of cartilage. RESULTS MCM3AP-AS1 was upregulated in OA patients and IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Knockdown of MCM3AP-AS1 enhanced autophagy, while alleviated ECM degradation and cartilage injury. Mechanistically, overexpression of SOX4 boosted the transcription of MCM3AP-AS1. Moreover, MCM3AP-AS1 functioned as a molecular sponge or epigenetic regulator of miR-149-5p to facilitate Notch1 expression. Functional rescue experiments showed that either inhibition of miR-149-5p nor ectopic expression of Notch1 dramatically weakened the biological impacts of MCM3AP-AS1 silencing. CONCLUSION These finding demonstrated that SOX4-activated MCM3AP-AS1 aggravated OA progression by modulating autophagy and ECM degradation via targeting miR-149-5p/Notch1 axis. These data supported that inhibition of MCM3AP-AS1 might be a potential treatment strategy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qun-Fang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhao B, Ma J, He J, Ma X. Effect of micro-strain stress on in vitro proliferation and functional expression of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:93. [PMID: 35168651 PMCID: PMC8848938 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the in vitro effect of micro-strain stress on the proliferation and functional marker expression in chondrocytes isolated from human osteoarthritis cartilage samples.
Methods Chondrocytes isolated from human osteoarthritis cartilage samples were subjected to loading with different types of micro-strain stress. The proliferation activity was assessed by flow cytometry, and the functional expression of chondrocyte markers was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results Flow cytometry results showed stimulation of proliferation of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes when an adequate micro-strain stress was applied. qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that micro-strain stress promotes human osteoarthritic chondrocyte functional marker expression. These features coincide with the upregulation of multiple proteins and genes affecting cell proliferation and functional chondrocyte marker expression, including cyclin D1, collagen II, and Rock. Conclusion Adequate micro-strain stress could activate the Rho/Rock signaling pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, thus transmitting mechanical signals to the cytoskeleton. This process leads to cytoskeleton reorganization, and transmission of the mechanical signals to the downstream effectors to promote proliferation and functional marker expression of osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinquan He
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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30
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Tian Z, Zhang X, Sun M. Phytochemicals Mediate Autophagy Against Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Cartilage Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:795058. [PMID: 34987406 PMCID: PMC8722717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.795058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease and is a leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. There are currently no clinical treatments that can stop or slow down OA. Drugs have pain-relieving effects, but they do not slow down the course of OA and their long-term use can lead to serious side effects. Therefore, safe and clinically appropriate long-term treatments for OA are urgently needed. Autophagy is an intracellular protective mechanism, and targeting autophagy-related pathways has been found to prevent and treat various diseases. Attenuation of the autophagic pathway has now been found to disrupt cartilage homeostasis and plays an important role in the development of OA. Therefore, modulation of autophagic signaling pathways mediating cartilage homeostasis has been considered as a potential therapeutic option for OA. Phytochemicals are active ingredients from plants that have recently been found to reduce inflammatory factor levels in cartilage as well as attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis by modulating autophagy-related signaling pathways, which are not only widely available but also have the potential to alleviate the symptoms of OA. We reviewed preclinical studies and clinical studies of phytochemicals mediating autophagy to regulate cartilage homeostasis for the treatment of OA. The results suggest that phytochemicals derived from plant extracts can target relevant autophagic pathways as complementary and alternative agents for the treatment of OA if subjected to rigorous clinical trials and pharmacological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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31
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Wang XJ, Tian W, Xu WW, Lu X, Zhang YM, Li LJ, Chang F. Loss of Autophagy Causes Increased Apoptosis of Tibial Plateau Chondrocytes in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:796S-807S. [PMID: 34493119 PMCID: PMC8804872 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211044820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to observe the effect of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes on apoptosis in spontaneous knee osteoarthritis (OA) in guinea pigs. DESIGN Fifty 2-month-old female Hartley guinea pigs were divided into a normal group (10 animals, all euthanized after 7 months) and an OA group (40 animals, 10 of which were euthanized after 10 months). Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate autophagy levels, intracellular glycogen accumulation and apoptosis in tibial plateau chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. The remaining 30 guinea pigs in the OA group were divided into 3 groups: a rapamycin group, a normal saline group, and a 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. Intracellular glycogen accumulation and chondrocyte apoptosis were assessed by altering the level of autophagy in chondrocytes in vivo. RESULTS When spontaneous OA occurred in guinea pigs, autophagy levels in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, while intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis increased. After enhancing the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes in guinea pigs with OA, intracellular glycogen accumulation and the rate of chondrocyte apoptosis decreased, while inhibiting autophagy had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the function of autophagy in chondrocytes may at least partly involve the catabolism of glycogen. In guinea pigs with OA, the level of autophagy in tibial plateau chondrocytes decreased, and chondrocytes were unable to degrade intracellular glycogen into glucose, leading to less energy for chondrocytes and increased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China,Xiao-jian Wang, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shuangtasi
Street 29, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China.
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-wei Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Kidney
Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Kidney
Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Kan S, Duan M, Liu Y, Wang C, Xie J. Role of Mitochondria in Physiology of Chondrocytes and Diseases of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1102S-1121S. [PMID: 34894777 PMCID: PMC8804744 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211063858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria are recognized to be one of the most important organelles in chondrocytes for their role in triphosphate (ATP) generation through aerobic phosphorylation. Mitochondria also participate in many intracellular processes involving modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), responding to instantaneous hypoxia stress, regulating cytoplasmic transport of calcium ion, and directing mitophagy to maintain the homeostasis of individual chondrocytes. DESIGNS To summarize the specific role of mitochondria in chondrocytes, we screened related papers in PubMed database and the search strategy is ((mitochondria) AND (chondrocyte)) AND (English [Language]). The articles published in the past 5 years were included and 130 papers were studied. RESULTS In recent years, the integrity of mitochondrial structure has been regarded as a prerequisite for normal chondrocyte survival and defect in mitochondrial function has been found in cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the understanding of mitochondria in cartilage is still largely limited. The mechanism on how the changes in mitochondrial structure and function directly lead to the occurrence and development of cartilage-related diseases remains to be elusive. CONCLUSION This review aims to summarize the role of mitochondria in chondrocytes under the physiological and pathological changes from ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, redox regulation, mitophagy modulation, mitochondria biogenesis to immune response activation. The enhanced understanding of molecular mechanisms in mitochondria might offer some new cues for cartilage remodeling and pathological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,“111” Project Laboratory of
Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University,
Chongqing, China,Lab of Bone & Joint Disease, State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China,Jing Xie, Lab of Bone & Joint Disease,
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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Akaraphutiporn E, Sunaga T, Bwalya EC, Yanlin W, Carol M, Okumura M. An Insight into the Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Nitric Oxide-Induced Articular Chondrocyte Cell Death. Cartilage 2021; 13:826S-838S. [PMID: 33307758 PMCID: PMC8804748 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520976768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and characterize the molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis and autophagy in nitric oxide (NO)-induced chondrocyte cell death. DESIGN Cell apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated in chondrocytes treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combined with the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nutrient-deprived conditions. The concentration of nitrite was determined by Griess reaction. Activation of apoptosis and autophagy were determined by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to assess cell viability. RESULTS Cotreatment of chondrocytes with SNP and IL-1β under nutrient-deprived condition potentially enhanced the effect of NO-induced cell death. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and qPCR analysis indicated that treatment of chondrocytes with SNP significantly reduced autophagic activity, autophagic flux, and multiple autophagy-related (Atg) genes expression. These findings were associated with an increase in ERK, Akt, and mTOR phosphorylation, whereas autophagy induction through mTOR/p70S6K inhibition by rapamycin significantly suppressed NO-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activation in response to apoptosis was weakly detected. These results corresponded with a significant increase in apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) expression, suggesting the involvement of the caspase-independent pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that in chondrocyte cultures with cells induced into an osteoarthritis state, NO inhibits autophagy and induces chondrocyte apoptosis mainly, but not completely through the caspase-independent pathway. Our data suggest that autophagy is a protective mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and could be proposed as a therapeutic target for degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekkapol Akaraphutiporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery,
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery,
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan,Takafumi Sunaga, Laboratory of Veterinary
Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of
Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Eugene C. Bwalya
- Department of Clinical Studies, Samora
Machel School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Wang Yanlin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery,
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mwale Carol
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery,
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery,
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Liu F, Yang H, Li D, Wu X, Han Q. Punicalagin attenuates osteoarthritis progression via regulating Foxo1/Prg4/HIF3α axis. Bone 2021; 152:116070. [PMID: 34171516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punicalagin (PUN) is a common anti-inflammatory polyphenol. However, the function and mechanism of PUN in osteoarthritis remains unknown. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from rats, and confirmed by toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence. Chondrocytes were challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and rat osteoarthritis model was established by Hulth method. The secretion of inflammatory factors, cell viability and apoptosis were tested via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MTT and flow cytometry. The levels of forkhead box O1 (Foxo1), proteoglycan 4 (Prg4), hypoxia-inducible factor-3α (HIF3α), autophagy-related genes or extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot or immunohistochemistry. The cartilage tissue damage was assessed via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue staining and terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS LPS triggered inflammatory injury in chondrocytes. PUN promoted autophagy to mitigate LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Foxo1 silence attenuated the effect of PUN on LPS-mediated autophagy inhibition and inflammatory injury. Promotion of Prg4/HIF3α axis abolished the influence of Foxo1 knockdown on LPS-mediated chondrocytes injury. PUN mitigated the inflammatory injury in rat osteoarthritis model by promoting autophagy and inhibiting inflammation and ECM degradation via Foxo1/Prg4/HIF3α axis. CONCLUSION PUN attenuates LPS-induced chondrocyte injury and osteoarthritis progression by regulating Foxo1/Prg4/HIF3α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- FeiFei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - DongZhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - XueJian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - QiCai Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China..
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Roy SG. Regulation of autophagy by miRNAs in human diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 64:317-329. [PMID: 34690368 PMCID: PMC8520464 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic process designed to eliminate dysfunctional and aging organelles and misfolded proteins through a well-concerted pathway, starting with forming a double-membrane vesicle and culminating in the lysosomal degradation of the cargo enclosed inside the mature vesicle. As a vital sentry of cellular health, autophagy is regulated in every human disease condition and is an essential target for non-coding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short oligonucleotides that specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, thus leading to mRNA silencing, degradation, or translation blockage. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding the regulation of autophagy and autophagy-related genes by different miRNAs in various pathological conditions, including cancer, kidney and liver disorders, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, aging-related conditions, and inflammation-related diseases. As miRNAs are being identified as prime regulators of autophagy in human disease, pharmacological molecules and traditional medicines targeting these miRNAs are also being tested in disease models, thus initiating a new series of therapeutic interventions targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine – Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Pei W, Huang X, Ni B, Zhang R, Niu G, You H. Selective STAT3 Inhibitor Alantolactone Ameliorates Osteoarthritis via Regulating Chondrocyte Autophagy and Cartilage Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730312. [PMID: 34650433 PMCID: PMC8505527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), which is identified by chronic pain, impacts the quality of life. Cartilage degradation and inflammation are the most relevant aspects involved in its development. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), a member of the STATs protein family, is associated with inflammation. Alantolactone (ALT), a sesquiterpene lactone compound, can selectively suppress the phosphorylation of STAT3. However, the pharmacological effect of ALT on OA is still imprecise. In this study, IL-1β (10 ng/ml) was applied to cartilage chondrocytes, which were treated with different concentrations of Alantolactone for 24 h. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS5) were detected by western blot. Protein expression of Collagen Ⅱ was observed by western blot, safranin O staining and immunofluorescence. Manifestation of autophagy related proteins such as autophagy-related gene-5 (ATG5), P62, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related signaling molecules were measured by western blot and autophagic flux monitored by confocal microscopy. Expression of STAT3 and NF-κB-related signaling molecules were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo, 2 mg/kg ALT or equal bulk of vehicle was engaged in the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) mouse models by intra-articular injection, the degree of cartilage destruction was classified by Safranin O/Fast green staining. Our findings reported that the enhance of inflammatory factors containing iNOS, COX2, MMPs and ADAMTS5 induced by IL-1β could be ameliorated by ALT. Additionally, the diminish of Collagen Ⅱ and autophagy which was stimulated by IL-1β could be alleviated by ALT. Mechanistically, STAT3, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways might be involved in the effect of ALT on IL-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes. In vivo, ALT protected cartilage in the DMM mouse model. Overall, this study illustrated that ALT attenuated IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses, relieved cartilage degeneration and promoted impaired autophagy via restraining of STAT3 and NF-κB signal pathways, implying its auspicious therapeutical effect for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowei Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyi Niu
- Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lan CN, Cai WJ, Shi J, Yi ZJ. MAPK inhibitors protect against early‑stage osteoarthritis by activating autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:829. [PMID: 34590154 PMCID: PMC8503737 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, age-related osteoarthropathy that causes a considerable decline in quality of life, as well as economic losses due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, in certain diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of the MAPK signaling pathway in early-stage OA. A rabbit model of early-stage OA was induced by treatment with the enzyme papain. U0126 [an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor], SP600125 [a Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor] and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) were administered to the rabbits via intra-articular injection. The severity of OA was assessed by histological examination using H&E, toluidine blue and safranin-O/fast green staining, as well by analyzing the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and determining the OA Research Society International (OARSI) score. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), ERK, phosphorylated (p)-ERK, p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK, Beclin1, UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)II/I. U0126, SP600125 or SB203580 treatment significantly decreased the OARSI scores and significantly increased the GAG levels in the cartilaginous tissues of OA model rabbits. These results indicated that the MAPK inhibitors reduced the severity of OA-induced injury at the early stage. Western blotting results demonstrated that MAPK inhibition significantly decreased the protein expression levels of MMP3 in OA cartilage. The protective effect of MAPK inhibitors in OA was mediated via the activation of autophagy, as demonstrated by the increased protein expression levels of LC3II/I, ULK1 and Beclin1. Overall, the data indicated that MAPK inhibitors may exert a protective effect against OA by restoring compromised autophagy. Furthermore, the present study suggested that MAPK inhibitors may represent a potential pharmacological strategy for treating OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Na Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Yi
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Abstract
Hypertrophic chondrocytes are the master regulators of endochondral ossification; however, their ultimate cell fates cells remain largely elusive due to their transient nature. Historically, hypertrophic chondrocytes have been considered as the terminal state of growth plate chondrocytes, which are destined to meet their inevitable demise at the primary spongiosa. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is accompanied by increased organelle synthesis and rapid intracellular water uptake, which serve as the major drivers of longitudinal bone growth. This process is delicately regulated by major signaling pathways and their target genes, including growth hormone (GH), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indian hedgehog (Ihh), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), sex determining region Y-box 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factors (Runx) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Hypertrophic chondrocytes orchestrate endochondral ossification by regulating osteogenic-angiogenic and osteogenic-osteoclastic coupling through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and matrix metallopeptidases-9/13 (MMP-9/13). Hypertrophic chondrocytes also indirectly regulate resorption of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, by controlling formation of a special subtype of osteoclasts termed "chondroclasts". Notably, hypertrophic chondrocytes may possess innate potential for plasticity, reentering the cell cycle and differentiating into osteoblasts and other types of mesenchymal cells in the marrow space. We may be able to harness this unique plasticity for therapeutic purposes, for a variety of skeletal abnormalities and injuries. In this review, we discuss the morphological and molecular properties of hypertrophic chondrocytes, which carry out important functions during skeletal growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Hallett
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.
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You H, Zhang R, Wang L, Pan Q, Mao Z, Huang X. Chondro-Protective Effects of Shikimic Acid on Osteoarthritis via Restoring Impaired Autophagy and Suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:634822. [PMID: 34385915 PMCID: PMC8354550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of cartilage pain and limited mobility in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The degeneration of cartilage induced by inflammation and cartilage anabolic and catabolic disorder plays a key role in OA. Shikimic acid (SA), a natural ingredient extracted from Illicium verum, has been shown to exert notable anti-inflammatory effects in previous studies, suggesting its potential effects in the treatment of OA. In this study, we revealed that the pretreatment of SW1353 human chondrocytes with SA before interleukin 1β (IL-1β) stimulation effectively decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP3 and MMP13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5, type X collagen, and p62; increased the expression of type II collagen, ATG7, Beclin-1, and LC3; and increased the autophagic flux. Mechanistically, we found that SA suppressed the IL-1β-induced activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathways. Furthermore, the results of safranin O staining and toluidine blue staining of primary rat cartilage chondrocytes and a trauma-induced rat model of OA showed that SA alleviated progression of OA in vivo. Collectively, our research enhances understanding of the mechanism of protective effect of SA against the progression of OA, which involves amelioration of cartilage degeneration, thereby providing new evidence for the use of SA as a therapy to prevent the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingying Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zekai Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim D, Song J, Jin EJ. BNIP3-Dependent Mitophagy via PGC1α Promotes Cartilage Degradation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071839. [PMID: 34360007 PMCID: PMC8304751 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since mitochondria are suggested to be important regulators in maintaining cartilage homeostasis, turnover of mitochondria through mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial degradation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we found that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with OA pathogenesis and identified the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α) as a potent regulator. The expression level of PGC1α was significantly decreased under OA conditions, and knockdown of PGC1α dramatically elevated the cartilage degradation by upregulating cartilage degrading enzymes and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, the knockdown of PGC1α activated the parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN)-independent selective mitochondria autophagy (mitophagy) pathway through the upregulation of BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). The overexpression of BNIP3 stimulated mitophagy and cartilage degradation by upregulating cartilage-degrading enzymes and chondrocyte death. We identified microRNA (miR)-126-5p as an upstream regulator for PGC1α and confirmed the direct binding between miR-126-5p and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of PGC1α. An in vivo OA mouse model induced by the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and the delivery of antago-miR-126 via intra-articular injection significantly decreased cartilage degradation. In sum, the loss of PGC1α in chondrocytes due to upregulation of miR-126-5p during OA pathogenesis resulted in the activation of PRKN-independent mitophagy through the upregulation of BNIP3 and stimulated cartilage degradation and apoptotic death of chondrocytes. Therefore, the regulation of PGC1α:BNIP3 mitophagy axis could be of therapeutic benefit to cartilage-degrading diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods
- Base Sequence
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Mitophagy/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea; (D.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea; (D.K.); (J.S.)
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea; (D.K.); (J.S.)
- Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6192; Fax: +82-63-850-6197
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Effects of Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Chondrogenic Ability of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:641-650. [PMID: 34275104 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of sex hormones and their receptors has drawn much attention in the process of cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen receptor (AR) on the chondrogenic ability of articular chondrocytes and the related mechanism. METHODS Articular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, identified by toluidine blue staining and then transduced with lentivirus carrying the AR gene. The cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis. The effects of AR overexpression on the expression of cartilage-specific proteins and some signalling molecules were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Using 24 New Zealand rabbits, the regeneration of rabbit articular cartilage defects was further investigated in vivo and evaluated histologically. RESULTS The overexpression of AR significantly reduced the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes but did not affect their proliferation. The overexpression of AR also promoted the expression of Sry-related HMG box 9, collagen II and aggrecan, decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13, and downregulated p-S6 and RICTOR. The experimental group with AR-overexpressing chondrocytes exhibited superior regeneration of cartilage defects. CONCLUSION AR overexpression can maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes and promote chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. mTOR-related signalling was inhibited.
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Ramasamy TS, Yee YM, Khan IM. Chondrocyte Aging: The Molecular Determinants and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625497. [PMID: 34336816 PMCID: PMC8318388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease that is an exceedingly common problem associated with aging. Aging is the principal risk factor for OA, but damage-related physiopathology of articular chondrocytes probably drives the mechanisms of joint degeneration by a progressive decline in the homeostatic and regenerative capacity of cells. Cellular aging is the manifestation of a complex interplay of cellular and molecular pathways underpinned by transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic mechanisms and niche factors, and unraveling this complexity will improve our understanding of underlying molecular changes that affect the ability of the articular cartilage to maintain or regenerate itself. This insight is imperative for developing new cell and drug therapies for OA disease that will target the specific causes of age-related functional decline. This review explores the key age-related changes within articular chondrocytes and discusses the molecular mechanisms that are commonly perturbed as cartilage ages and degenerates. Current efforts and emerging potential therapies in treating OA that are being employed to halt or decelerate the aging processes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamil Selvee Ramasamy
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Mei Yee
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilyas M Khan
- Centre of NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
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43
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Baddam P, Young D, Dunsmore G, Nie C, Eaton F, Elahi S, Jovel J, Adesida AB, Dufour A, Graf D. Nasal Septum Deviation as the Consequence of BMP-Controlled Changes to Cartilage Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696545. [PMID: 34249945 PMCID: PMC8265824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal septum cartilage is a specialized hyaline cartilage important for normal midfacial growth. Abnormal midfacial growth is associated with midfacial hypoplasia and nasal septum deviation (NSD). However, the underlying genetics and associated functional consequences of these two anomalies are poorly understood. We have previously shown that loss of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP7) from neural crest (BMP7 ncko ) leads to midfacial hypoplasia and subsequent septum deviation. In this study we elucidate the cellular and molecular abnormalities underlying NSD using comparative gene expression, quantitative proteomics, and immunofluorescence analysis. We show that reduced cartilage growth and septum deviation are associated with acquisition of elastic cartilage markers and share similarities with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The genetic reduction of BMP2 in BMP7 ncko mice was sufficient to rescue NSD and suppress elastic cartilage markers. To our knowledge this investigation provides the first genetic example of an in vivo cartilage fate switch showing that this is controlled by the relative balance of BMP2 and BMP7. Cellular and molecular changes similar between NSD and knee OA suggest a related etiology underlying these cartilage abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranidhi Baddam
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Garett Dunsmore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunpeng Nie
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farah Eaton
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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44
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Yang C, Xu X, Dong X, Yang B, Dong W, Luo Y, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang J. DDIT3/CHOP promotes autophagy in chondrocytes via SIRT1-AKT pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119074. [PMID: 34087318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can initiate autophagy via unfolded protein response (UPR). As a key downstream gene of UPR, DDIT3/CHOP is expressed in chondrocytes. However, the regulation mechanism of DDIT3/CHOP on autophagy in chondrocytes remains unclear. In this study, the expression levels of autophagic markers Beclin1 and LC3B were found to decrease while p62 increase in the tibial growth plate and costal primary chondrocytes from DDIT3/CHOP KO mice. In vitro, overexpressing DDIT3/CHOP induced autophagy in ATDC5 chondrocytes, displaying an elevated immunofluorescence signal of LC3B and elevated numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Analysis of the gain- and loss-of-function indicated that the protein level of Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3BII/I increased in DDIT3/CHOP overexpression cells, whereas decreased in DDIT3/CHOP knockdown cells. The decreased level of p62 and additional accumulation of LC3BII caused by chloroquine (CQ) further indicated that DDIT3/CHOP enhanced autophagic flux. Mechanistically, we found that DDIT3/CHOP binds directly to the promoter of SIRT1 to promote its expression by CHIP, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In addition, SIRT1 enhanced autophagic activity in ATDC5 cells, and inhibition or activation of SIRT1 partially reversed the effect of overexpressing or downregulating DDIT3/CHOP on autophagy. Furthermore, AKT signaling was found to be responsible for DDIT3/CHOP-regulated autophagy in ATDC5 cells. SIRT1 knockdown reversed the effect of DDIT3/CHOP overexpression on AKT signaling. In conclusion, our data clarifies that DDIT3/CHOP promotes autophagy in ATDC5 chondrocytes through the SIRT1-AKT pathway. These results were also confirmed in the primary chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofei Dong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Beining Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Dong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiayi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yanru Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China.
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45
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Yan J, Ni B, Sheng G, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Ma Y, Li H, Wu H, Tu C. Rhoifolin Ameliorates Osteoarthritis via Regulating Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661072. [PMID: 34122080 PMCID: PMC8194266 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related joint disease. Its development has been generally thought to be associated with inflammation and autophagy. Rhoifolin (ROF), a flavanone extracted from Rhus succedanea, has exhibited prominent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in several diseases. However the exact role of ROF in OA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects as well as the underlying mechanism of ROF on rat OA. Our results indicated that ROF could significantly alleviate the IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses, cartilage degradation, and autophagy downregulation in rat chondrocytes. Moreover, administration of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could reverse the anti-inflammatory and anti-cartilage degradation effects of ROF. Furthermore, P38/JNK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways were involved in the protective effects of ROF. In vivo, intra-articular injection of ROF could notably ameliorate the cartilage damage in rat OA model. In conclusion, our work elucidated that ROF ameliorated rat OA via regulating autophagy, indicating the potential role of ROF in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowei Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohong Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Traumatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongzhuang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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46
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Stimulation of α7-nAChRs coordinates autophagy and apoptosis signaling in experimental knee osteoarthritis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:448. [PMID: 33953172 PMCID: PMC8100296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease in the elderly population. Growing evidence indicates that a balance between autophagy and apoptosis in chondrocytes plays a key role in OA’s cartilage degradation. Thus, drugs targeting the balance between apoptosis and autophagy are potential therapeutic approaches for OA treatment. In previous studies, we found that the activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) alleviated monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced joint degradation and osteoarthritis pain. To explore the potential functions of α7-nAChRs in autophagy and apoptosis signaling in knee OA, we compared the expression of α7-nAChRs in human knee articular cartilage tissues from normal humans and OA patients. We found that knee joint cartilage tissues of OA patients showed decreased α7-nAChRs and an imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis. Next, we observed that α7-nAChRs deficiency did not affect cartilage degradation in OA development but reversed the beneficial effects of nicotine on mechanical allodynia, cartilage degradation, and an MIA-induced switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Unlike in vivo studies, we found that primary chondrocytes from α7-nAChRs knockout (KO) mice showed decreased LC3 levels under normal conditions and were more sensitive toward MIA-induced apoptosis. Finally, we found that α7-nAChRs deficiency increased the phosphorylation of mTOR after MIA treatment, which can also be observed in OA patients’ tissues. Thus, our findings not only confirmed that nicotine alleviated MIA-induced pain behavior and cartilage degradation via stimulating the α7-nAChRs/mTOR signal pathway but found the potential role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.
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47
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Luo L, Jian X, Sun H, Qin J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen Z, Yang D, Li C, Zhao P, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhou Y. Cartilage endplate stem cells inhibit intervertebral disc degeneration by releasing exosomes to nucleus pulposus cells to activate Akt/autophagy. Stem Cells 2021; 39:467-481. [PMID: 33459443 PMCID: PMC8048856 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the cartilage endplate (CEP) induces intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) apoptosis is also an important exacerbating factor in IVDD, but the cascade mechanism in IVDD is not clear. We investigated the apoptosis of NPCs and IVDD when stimulated by normal cartilage endplate stem cell (CESC)-derived exosomes (N-Exos) and degenerated CESC-derived exosomes (D-Exos) in vitro and in vivo. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used to induce inflammation of CESCs. The bioinformatics differences between N-Exos and D-Exos were analyzed using mass spectrometry, heat map, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. NPC apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. The involvement of the AKT and autophagy signaling pathways was investigated using the signaling inhibitor LY294002. Magnetic resonance imaging, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of N-Exos in rats with IVDD. TBHP effectively induced inflammation and the degeneration of CEP in rat. N-Exos were more conducive to autophagy activation than D-Exos. The apoptotic rate of NPCs decreased obviously after treatment with N-Exos compared to D-Exos. N-Exos inhibited NPCs apoptosis and attenuated IVDD in rat via activation of the AKT and autophagy pathways. These results are the first findings to confirm that CEP delayed the progression of IVDD via exosomes. The therapeutic effects of N-Exos on NPC apoptosis inhibition and the slowing of IVDD progression were more effective than D-Exos due to activation of the PI3K/AKT/autophagy pathway, which explained the increase in the incidence of IVDD after inflammation of the CEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Jian
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSecond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and immunologySouthwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zigang Shen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyBiological Science Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyBiological Science Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
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48
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Wang B, Sun Y, Liu N, Liu H. LncRNA HOTAIR
modulates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation in osteoarthritis via regulating
miR
‐1277‐5p/
SGTB
axis. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:495-504. [PMID: 33721916 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Wang
- Pain Area of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yindi Sun
- Pain Area of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Na Liu
- Pain Area of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Huajian Liu
- Pain Area of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghui Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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49
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Control of the Autophagy Pathway in Osteoarthritis: Key Regulators, Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052700. [PMID: 33800062 PMCID: PMC7962119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in different degenerative diseases and it may control epigenetic modifications, metabolic processes, stem cells differentiation as well as apoptosis. Autophagy plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of cartilage, the tissue produced by chondrocytes; its impairment has been associated to cartilage dysfunctions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to their location in a reduced oxygen context, both differentiating and mature chondrocytes are at risk of premature apoptosis, which can be prevented by autophagy. AutophagomiRNAs, which regulate the autophagic process, have been found differentially expressed in OA. AutophagomiRNAs, as well as other regulatory molecules, may also be useful as therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of autophagy in OA, focusing mainly on the control of autophagomiRNAs in OA pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic applications.
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50
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Dai J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Chen D, Li X, Wang J, Sun Y. Glabridin inhibits osteoarthritis development by protecting chondrocytes against oxidative stress, apoptosis and promoting mTOR mediated autophagy. Life Sci 2021; 268:118992. [PMID: 33417956 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease that affects the elderly. Thus far, no pharmacological therapy approved by regulators has shown a convincing effect on OA. Glabridin, a small molecule, is a well-known and powerful natural antioxidant, which has a strong scavenging effect on free radicals. This study attempted to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of Glabridin on OA both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, Glabridin was found to increase the expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) related genes, Collagen II, Aggrecan (ACAN), SRY-box 9 (SOX9) and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). Moreover, Glabridin was observed to significantly reduce the level of oxidative stress in OA chondrocytes while effectively reducing the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Glabridin was also found to significantly increase the autophagy of human OA chondrocytes. During the in vivo study, intraarticular injection of Glabridin was observed to alleviate OA progression and protect chondrocytes against apoptosis following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Furthermore, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mediated autophagy was identified as one of the potential mediators of Glabridin activity. Overall, Glabridin protects articular cartilage from damage in rats with OA by protecting chondrocytes against oxidative stress, apoptosis and promoting mTOR mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Dai
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China; Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Deng Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Duoyun Chen
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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