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Cain TL, Derecka M, McKinney-Freeman S. The role of the haematopoietic stem cell niche in development and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00770-8. [PMID: 39256623 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Blood production depends on rare haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that ultimately take up residence in the bone marrow during development. HSPCs and HSCs are subject to extrinsic regulation by the bone marrow microenvironment, or niche. Studying the interactions between HSCs and their niche is critical for improving ex vivo culturing conditions and genetic manipulation of HSCs, which is pivotal for improving autologous HSC therapies and transplantations. Additionally, understanding how the complex molecular network in the bone marrow is altered during ageing is paramount for developing novel therapeutics for ageing-related haematopoietic disorders. HSCs are unique amongst stem and progenitor cell pools in that they engage with multiple physically distinct niches during their ontogeny. HSCs are specified from haemogenic endothelium in the aorta, migrate to the fetal liver and, ultimately, colonize their final niche in the bone marrow. Recent studies employing single-cell transcriptomics and microscopy have identified novel cellular interactions that govern HSC specification and engagement with their niches throughout ontogeny. New lineage-tracing models and microscopy tools have raised questions about the numbers of HSCs specified, as well as the functional consequences of HSCs interacting with each developmental niche. Advances have also been made in understanding how these niches are modified and perturbed during ageing, and the role of these altered interactions in haematopoietic diseases. In this Review, we discuss these new findings and highlight the questions that remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L Cain
- Department of Haematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marta Derecka
- Department of Haematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Iso E, Yamazaki T, Kobayashi N, Kadokura H, Tsuchiya T, Kato Y, Yokose S. Photobiomodulation Effect of Diode Laser on Differentiation of Osteoprogenitor Cells in Rat Bone Marrow. In Vivo 2024; 38:2214-2219. [PMID: 39187344 PMCID: PMC11363768 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Bone marrow cells contain nonhematopoietic cells with the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Mechanical stress influences osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, measurable as the abundance of alkaline phosphatase-positive (ALP+) colony-forming unit-fibroblasts (CFU-F); however, the effect of diode laser irradiation on osteoblast differentiation is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow, using the CFU-F assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells isolated from rat tibiae were cultured and irradiated with a diode laser (wavelength 808 nm) at a total energy of 0 J (control), 50 J, and 150 J. RESULTS On day 7 after irradiation, ALP+ CFU-F were most abundant in the 50 J group and the least abundant in the 150 J group. Mineralized nodule formation was observed after long-term culture (21 days). Compared with the control group, there were significantly more nodules in the 50 J group and significantly fewer nodules in the 150 J group. Osteocalcin mRNA expression was highest in the 50 J group, and there was no difference between the control and 150 J groups. CONCLUSION Irradiation with 50 J was effective in stimulating osteogenesis in bone marrow stem cells. These findings suggest that diode laser irradiation can induce osteogenesis in rat bone marrow cells in an energy-dependent manner, and appears suitable for application in bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Iso
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takahide Yamazaki
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Norika Kobayashi
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadokura
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takako Tsuchiya
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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3
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Česnik AB, Švajger U. The issue of heterogeneity of MSC-based advanced therapy medicinal products-a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1400347. [PMID: 39129786 PMCID: PMC11310176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) possess a remarkable potential for numerous clinical applications due to their unique properties including self-renewal, immunomodulation, paracrine actions and multilineage differentiation. However, the translation of MSC-based Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) into the clinic has frequently met with inconsistent outcomes. One of the suspected reasons for this issue is the inherent and extensive variability that exists among such ATMPs, which makes the interpretation of their clinical efficacy difficult to assess, as well as to compare the results of various studies. This variability stems from numerous reasons including differences in tissue sources, donor attributes, variances in manufacturing protocols, as well as modes of administration. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and others, each with its unique phenotypic and functional characteristics. While MSCs from different sources do share common features, they also exhibit distinct gene expression profiles and functional properites. Donor-specific factors such as age, sex, body mass index, and underlying health conditions can influence MSC phenotype, morphology, differentiation potential and function. Moreover, variations in preparation of MSC products introduces additional heterogeneity as a result of cell culture media composition, presence or absence of added growth factors, use of different serum supplements and culturing techniques. Once MSC products are formulated, storage protocols play a pivotal role in its efficacy. Factors that affect cell viability include cell concentration, delivery solution and importantly, post-thawing protocols where applicable. Ensuing, differences in administration protocols can critically affect the distribution and functionallity of administered cells. As MSC-based therapies continue to advance through numerous clinical trials, implication of strategies to reduce product heterogeneity is imperative. Central to addressing these challenges is the need for precise prediction of clinical responses, which require well-defined MSC populations and harmonized assessment of their specific functions. By addressing these issues by meaningful approaches, such as, e.g., MSC pooling, the field can overcome barriers to advance towards more consistent and effective MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bajc Česnik
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Slovenian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Department for Therapeutic Services, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Iqbal N, Ganguly P, Yildizbakan L, Raif EM, Jones E, Giannoudis PV, Jha A. Chitosan Scaffolds from Crustacean and Fungal Sources: A Comparative Study for Bone-Tissue-Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:720. [PMID: 39061802 PMCID: PMC11273506 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), a biopolymer, holds significant potential in bone regeneration due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability attributes. While crustacean-derived CS is conventionally used in research, there is growing interest in fungal-derived CS for its equally potent properties in bone regenerative applications. Here, we investigated the physicochemical and biological characteristics of fungal (MDC) and crustacean (ADC)-derived CS scaffolds embedded with different concentrations of tricalcium phosphate minerals (TCP), i.e., 0(wt)%: ADC/MDC-1, 10(wt)%: ADC/MDC-2, 20(wt)%: ADC/MDC-3 and 30(wt)%: ADC/MDC-4. ADC-1 and MDC-1 lyophilised scaffolds lacking TCP minerals presented the highest zeta potentials of 47.3 ± 1.2 mV and 55.1 ± 1.6 mV, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed prominent distinctions whereby MDC scaffolds exhibited striation-like structural microarchitecture in contrast to the porous morphology exhibited by ADC scaffold types. With regard to the 4-week scaffold mass reductions, MDC-1, MDC-2, MDC-3, and MDC-4 indicated declines of 55.98 ± 4.2%, 40.16 ± 3.6%, 27.05 ± 4.7%, and 19.16 ± 5.3%, respectively. Conversely, ADC-1, ADC-2, ADC-3, and ADC-4 presented mass reductions of 35.78 ± 5.1%, 25.19 ± 4.2%, 20.23 ± 6.3%, and 13.68 ± 5.4%, respectively. The biological performance of the scaffolds was assessed through in vitro bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BMMSCs) attachment via indirect and direct cytotoxicity studies, where all scaffold types presented no cytotoxic behaviours. MDC scaffolds indicated results comparable to ADC, where both CS types exhibited similar physiochemical properties. Our data suggest that MDC scaffolds could be a potent alternative to ADC-derived scaffolds for bone regeneration applications, particularly for 10(wt)% TCP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Lemiha Yildizbakan
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - El Mostafa Raif
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Animesh Jha
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Lawrence M, Goyal A, Pathak S, Ganguly P. Cellular Senescence and Inflammaging in the Bone: Pathways, Genetics, Anti-Aging Strategies and Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7411. [PMID: 39000517 PMCID: PMC11242738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with several age-related diseases (ARDs), with musculoskeletal conditions impacting millions of elderly people worldwide. With orthopedic conditions contributing towards considerable number of patients, a deeper understanding of bone aging is the need of the hour. One of the underlying factors of bone aging is cellular senescence and its associated senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP comprises of pro-inflammatory markers, cytokines and chemokines that arrest cell growth and development. The accumulation of SASP over several years leads to chronic low-grade inflammation with advancing age, also known as inflammaging. The pathways and molecular mechanisms focused on bone senescence and inflammaging are currently limited but are increasingly being explored. Most of the genes, pathways and mechanisms involved in senescence and inflammaging coincide with those associated with cancer and other ARDs like osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, exploring these pathways using techniques like sequencing, identifying these factors and combatting them with the most suitable approach are crucial for healthy aging and the early detection of ARDs. Several approaches can be used to aid regeneration and reduce senescence in the bone. These may be pharmacological, non-pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. With increasing evidence towards the intricate relationship between aging, senescence, inflammation and ARDs, these approaches may also be used as anti-aging strategies for the aging bone marrow (BM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Lawrence
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhishek Goyal
- RAS Life Science Solutions, Stresemannallee 61, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shelly Pathak
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, 5 Coles Lane, Oakington, Cambridge CB24 3BA, UK
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Wilson BJ, Owston HE, Iqbal N, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Pandit H, Philipose Pampadykandathil L, Jones E, Ganguly P. In Vitro Osteogenesis Study of Shell Nacre Cement with Older and Young Donor Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:143. [PMID: 38391629 PMCID: PMC10886325 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone void-filling cements are one of the preferred materials for managing irregular bone voids, particularly in the geriatric population who undergo many orthopedic surgeries. However, bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) of older-age donors often exhibit reduced osteogenic capacity. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate candidate bone substitute materials with BM-MSCs from the geriatric population to determine the true osteogenic potential, thus simulating the clinical situation. With this concept, we investigated the osteogenic potential of shell nacre cement (SNC), a bone void-filling cement based on shell nacre powder and ladder-structured siloxane methacrylate, using older donor BM-MSCs (age > 55 years) and young donor BM-MSCs (age < 30 years). Direct and indirect cytotoxicity studies conducted with human BM-MSCs confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of SNC. The standard colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and population doubling (PD) time assays revealed a significant reduction in the proliferation potential (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05) in older donor BM-MSCs compared to young donor BM-MSCs. Correspondingly, older donor BM-MSCs contained higher proportions of senescent, β-galactosidase (SA-β gal)-positive cells (nearly 2-fold, p < 0.001). In contrast, the proliferation capacity of older donor BM-MSCs, measured as the area density of CellTrackerTM green positive cells, was similar to that of young donor BM-MSCs following a 7-day culture on SNC. Furthermore, after 14 days of osteoinduction on SNC, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that the amount of calcium and phosphorus deposited by young and older donor BM-MSCs on SNC was comparable. A similar trend was observed in the expression of the osteogenesis-related genes BMP2, RUNX2, ALP, COL1A1, OMD and SPARC. Overall, the results of this study indicated that SNC would be a promising candidate for managing bone voids in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jeyatha Wilson
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Heather Elizabeth Owston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, Leeds General Infirmary, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK
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Wang Y, Li HY, Guan SY, Yu SH, Zhou YC, Zheng LW, Zhang J. Different Sources of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comparison of Subchondral, Mandibular, and Tibia Bone-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1029-1041. [PMID: 37937557 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260686231023091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell properties vary considerably based on the source and tissue site of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mandibular condyle is a unique kind of craniofacial bone with a special structure and a relatively high remodeling rate. MSCs here may also be unique to address specific physical needs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential among MSCs derived from the tibia (TMSCs), mandibular ramus marrow (MMSCs), and condylar subchondral bone (SMSCs) of rats in vitro. METHODS Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by CCK-8, laser confocal, and cell scratch assays. Histochemical staining and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the multidirectional differentiation potential and DNA methylation and histone deacetylation levels. RESULTS The proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity of SMSCs were significantly higher than those of MMSCs and TMSCs. Moreover, SMSCs possessed significantly higher mineralization and osteogenic differentiation potential. Dnmt2, Dnmt3b, Hdac6, Hdac7, Hdac9, and Hdac10 may be instrumental in the osteogenesis of SMSCs. In addition, SMSCs are distinct from MMSCs and TMSCs with lower adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation potential. The multidirectional differentiation capacities of TMSCs were exactly the opposite of those of SMSCs, and the results of MMSCs were intermediate. CONCLUSION This research offers a new paradigm in which SMSCs could be a useful source of stem cells for further application in stem cell-based medical therapies due to their strong cell renewal and osteogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Chuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, China
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Turlo AJ, Hammond DE, Ramsbottom KA, Soul J, Gillen A, McDonald K, Peffers MJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome Is Affected by Tissue Source and Donor Age. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1047-1059. [PMID: 37591507 PMCID: PMC10631804 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Variation in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) function depending on their origin is problematic, as it may confound clinical outcomes of MSC therapy. Current evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefits of MSCs are attributed to secretion of biologically active factors (secretome). However, the effect of donor characteristics on the MSC secretome remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the influence of donor age, sex, and tissue source, on the protein profile of the equine MSC secretome. We used dynamic metabolic labeling with stable isotopes combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify secreted proteins in MSC conditioned media (CM). Seventy proteins were classified as classically secreted based on the rate of label incorporation into newly synthesized proteins released into the extracellular space. Next, we analyzed CM of bone marrow- (n = 14) and adipose-derived MSCs (n = 16) with label-free LC-MS/MS. Clustering analysis of 314 proteins detected across all samples identified tissue source as the main factor driving variability in MSC CM proteomes. Linear modelling applied to the subset of 70 secreted proteins identified tissue-related difference in the abundance of 23 proteins. There was an age-related decrease in the abundance of CTHRC1 and LOX, further validated with orthogonal techniques. Due to the lack of flow cytometry characterization of MSC surface markers, the analysis could not account for the potential effect of cell population heterogeneity. This study provides evidence that tissue source and donor age contribute to differences in the protein composition of MSC secretomes which may influence the effects of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Turlo
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dean E Hammond
- epartment of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kerry A Ramsbottom
- Computational Biology Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie Soul
- Computational Biology Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexandra Gillen
- Department of Veterinary Science, Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Vun J, Iqbal N, Jones E, Ganguly P. Anti-Aging Potential of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): Evidence from Osteoarthritis (OA) and Applications in Senescence and Inflammaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:987. [PMID: 37627872 PMCID: PMC10451843 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related changes impact the quality of life (QOL) in elderly with a decline in movement, cognitive abilities and increased vulnerability towards age-related diseases (ARDs). One of the key contributing factors is cellular senescence, which is triggered majorly by DNA damage response (DDR). Accumulated senescent cells (SCs) release senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which includes pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), lipids and chemokines that are detrimental to the surrounding tissues. Chronic low-grade inflammation in the elderly or inflammaging is also associated with cellular senescence and contributes to ARDs. The literature from the last decade has recorded the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to combat senescence and inflammation, alleviate pain as an analgesic, promote tissue regeneration and repair via angiogenesis-all of which are essential in anti-aging and tissue regeneration strategies. In the last few decades, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as an anti-aging treatment option for dermatological applications and with great interest in tissue regeneration for orthopaedic applications, especially in osteoarthritis (OA). In this exploration, we connect the intricate relationship between aging, ARDs, senescence and inflammation and delve into PRP's properties and potential benefits. We conduct a comparative review of the current literature on PRP treatment strategies, paying particular attention to the instances strongly linked to ARDs. Finally, upon careful consideration of this interconnected information in the context of aging, we suggest a prospective role for PRP in developing anti-aging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vun
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
- Leeds Orthopaedic & Trauma Sciences, Leeds General Infirmary, University of Leeds, Leeds LS97TF, UK
| | - Neelam Iqbal
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (J.V.); (E.J.)
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Huddleston HP, Tauro T, Credille K, Dandu N, Hevesi M, Chahla J, Forsythe B, Verma N, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. Patient Demographic Factors Are Not Associated With Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Concentration in Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2023; 5:e559-e567. [PMID: 37388861 PMCID: PMC10300544 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the capacity for concentration of a single processing machine for bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) production and investigate the effects of demographic factors on the number of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in BMAC. Methods Patients enrolled in our institution's randomized control trials involving BMAC who had complete BMAC flow cytometry data were included. Multipotent MSC phenotype, defined as cell-surface coexpression of specific-identifying antigens (≥95% positive) and the absence of hematopoietic lineage markers (≤2% positive), was determined for both patient bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and BMAC samples. The ratio of cells in BMA:BMAC samples was calculated and Spearman correlations (i.e., body mass index [BMI]) and Kruskall-Wallis (i.e., age: <40, 40-60, >60 years) or Mann-Whitney (i.e., sex) tests were used to determine the relationship of cell concentration to demographic factors. Results Eighty patients were included in analysis (49% male, mean age: 49.9 ± 12.2 years). Mean concentration of BMA and BMAC was 2,048.13 ± 2,004.14 MSCs/mL and 5,618.87 ± 7,568.54 MSC/mL, respectively, with a mean BMAC:BMA ratio of 4.35 ± 2.09. A significantly greater MSC concentration was observed in the BMAC samples when compared with BMA (P = .005). No patient demographic factors (age, sex, height, weight, BMI) were found to predict MSC concentration in the BMAC samples (P ≥ .01). Conclusions Demographic factors, including age, sex, and BMI do not impact the final concentration of MSCs in BMAC when using a single harvest technique (anterior iliac crest) and a single processing system. Clinical Relevance As the role of BMAC therapy expands in clinical application, it becomes increasingly important to understand the determinants of BMAC composition and how it is affected by different harvesting techniques, concentrating processes, and patient demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam B. Yanke
- Address correspondence to Adam Yanke, M.D., Ph.D., 1161 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612.
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Chatree K, Sriboonaied P, Phetkong C, Wattananit W, Chanchao C, Charoenpanich A. Distinctions in bone matrix nanostructure, composition, and formation between osteoblast-like cells, MG-63, and human mesenchymal stem cells, UE7T-13. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15556. [PMID: 37153435 PMCID: PMC10160763 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast-like cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are frequently employed as osteoprogenitor cell models for evaluating novel biomaterials in bone healing and tissue engineering. In this study, the characterization of UE7T-13 hMSCs and MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells was examined. Both cells can undergo osteogenesis and produce calcium extracellular matrix; however, calcium nodules produced by MG-63 lacked a central mass and appeared flatter than UE7T-13. The absence of growing calcium nodules in MG-63 was discovered by SEM-EDX to be associated with the formation of alternating layers of cells and calcium extracellular matrix. The nanostructure and composition analysis showed that UE7T-13 had a finer nanostructure of calcium nodules with a higher calcium/phosphate ratio than MG-63. Both cells expressed high intrinsic levels of collagen type I alpha 1 chain, while only UE7T-13 expressed high levels of alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated (ALPL). High ALP activity in UE7T-13 was not further enhanced by osteogenic induction, but in MG-63, low intrinsic ALP activity was greatly induced by osteogenic induction. These findings highlight the differences between the two immortal osteoprogenitor cell lines, along with some technical notes that should be considered while selecting and interpreting the pertinent in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Chatree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Patsawee Sriboonaied
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chinnatam Phetkong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Witoon Wattananit
- Scientific and Technological Equipment Centre, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisri Charoenpanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Muthu S, Jeyaraman M, Narula A, Ravi VR, Gandi A, Khanna M, Maffulli N, Gupta A. Factors Influencing the Yield of Progenitor Cells in Bone Marrow Aspiration Concentrate—A Retrospective Analysis of 58 Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030738. [PMID: 36979718 PMCID: PMC10045818 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the role of subjective factors (age, sex, and comorbidities) and procedure-specific factors (aspiration volume) in influencing the yield of progenitor cells in bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) harvested from the iliac crest. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 58 patients (male:female = 31:27; mean age: 52.56 ± 18.14 years) who underwent BMAC therapy between January 2020 and June 2021. The factors analyzed include individual factors such as age, sex, and comorbid conditions, and procedural factors such as aspirate volume. The mononuclear cell (MNC) count and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay were used to assess the yield of progenitors in the aspirate. Pearson’s correlation test was performed for the age, aspirate volume, and outcome parameters, such as MNC and CFU. We used the chi-square test to analyze the role of sex and comorbidities on cellular yield. The mean volume of aspirate used for BMAC therapy was 66.65 (±17.82) mL. The mean MNC count of the BMAC was 19.94 (±16.34) × 106 cells, which formed 11 (±12) CFUs. Evidence of statistically significant positive associations was noted between the CFUs developed from the BMAC and the MNC count within them (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). The sex of the individual did not play any significant role in MNC count (p = 0.092) or CFUs formed (p = 0.448). The age of the individual showed evidence of a statistically significant negative association with the MNC count (r = −0.681, p < 0.001) and CFUs (r = −0.693, p < 0.001), as did the aspiration volume with the MNC count (r = −0.740, p < 0.001) and CFUs (r = −0.629, p < 0.001). We also noted a significant reduction in the MNC count (p = 0.002) and CFUs formed (p = 0.004) when the patients presented comorbidities. Individual factors such as age, comorbid conditions, and procedure factors such as aspirate volume significantly affected the yield of progenitor cells in the BMAC. The sex of the individual did not influence the yield of progenitor cells in BMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600056, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Mother Cell Regenerative Centre (MCRC), Tiruchirappalli 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
| | - Aditya Narula
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aakaar Bone Care, Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V. R. Ravi
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Mother Cell Regenerative Centre (MCRC), Tiruchirappalli 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avinash Gandi
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Mother Cell Regenerative Centre (MCRC), Tiruchirappalli 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Hospital “Clinica Ortopedica” Department, Hospital of Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute (STORI Inc.), Laredo, TX 78045, USA
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Regenerative Orthopaedics, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (A.G.)
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Haeusner S, Jauković A, Kupczyk E, Herrmann M. Review: cellularity in bone marrow autografts for bone and fracture healing. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C517-C531. [PMID: 36622067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00482.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of autografts, as primary cell and tissue source, is the current gold standard approach to treat critical size bone defects and nonunion defects. The unique mixture of the autografts, containing bony compartments and bone marrow (BM), delivers promising results. Although BM mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) still represent a major target for various healing approaches in current preclinical research and respective clinical trials, their occurrence in the human BM is typically low. In vitro expansion of this cell type is regulatory challenging as well as time and cost intensive. Compared with marginal percentages of resident BM-MSCs in BM, BM mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) contained in BM aspirates, concentrates, and bone autografts represent a readily available abundant cell source, applicable within hours during surgical procedures without the need for time-consuming and regulatory challenging cell expansion. This benefit is one reason why autografting has become a clinical standard procedure. However, the exact anatomy and cellularity of BM-MNCs in humans, which is strongly correlated to their unique mode of action and wide application range remains to be elucidated. The aim of this review was to present an overview of the current knowledge on these specific cell types found in human BM, emphasize the contribution of BM-MNCs in bone healing, highlight donor site dependence, and discuss limitations in the current isolation and subsequent characterization procedures. Hereby, the most recent and relevant examples of human BM-MNC cell characterization, flow cytometric analyses, and findings are summarized, with a strong focus on bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haeusner
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Jauković
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - E Kupczyk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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15
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Marson RF, Regner AP, da Silva Meirelles L. Mesenchymal "stem" cells, or facilitators for the development of regenerative macrophages? Pericytes at the interface of wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1148121. [PMID: 36936686 PMCID: PMC10017474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1148121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured mesenchymal stromal cells are among the most used cells in clinical trials. Currently, their potential benefits include provision of mature cell types through differentiation, and secretion of various types of paracrine signaling molecules. Even though research on these cells has spanned some decades now, surprisingly, their therapeutic potential has not been fully translated into clinical practice yet, which calls for further understanding of their intrinsic nature and modes of action. In this review, after discussing pieces of evidence that suggest that some perivascular cells may exhibit mesenchymal stem cell characteristics in vivo, we examine the possibility that subpopulations of perivascular and/or adventitial cells activated after tissue injury behave as MSCs and contribute to the resolution of tissue injury by providing cues for the development of regenerative macrophages at injured sites. Under this perspective, an important contribution of cultured MSCs (or their acellular products, such as extracellular vesicles) used in cell therapies would be to instigate the development of M2-like macrophages that support the tissue repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Fava Marson
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health—PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pereira Regner
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health—PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health—PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles, ,
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16
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Alberti G, Russo E, Corrao S, Anzalone R, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2822. [PMID: 36359342 PMCID: PMC9687875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of parental cells were maintained by isolated EV populations. This review analyzes the recent development in the field of cell-free therapies, focusing on several adult tissues as a source of MSC-derived EVs and the available clinical data from in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Ganguly P, Fiz N, Beitia M, Owston HE, Delgado D, Jones E, Sánchez M. Effect of Combined Intraosseous and Intraarticular Infiltrations of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Subchondral Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133891. [PMID: 35807175 PMCID: PMC9267269 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts its patients and is closely associated with advancing age and senescence. Treatment with autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a novel approach that is increasingly being researched for its effects. Subchondral bone mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key progenitors that form bone and cartilage lineages that are affected in OA. This study investigated the changes in subchondral bone MSCs before and after combined intraosseous (IO) and intraarticular (IA) PRP infiltration. Patient bone marrow aspirates were collected from 12 patients (four male, eight female) aged 40–86 years old (median 59.5). MSCs were expanded in standard media containing human serum to passage 1 and analysed for their colony-forming potential, senescence status, and gene expression. Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) at baseline and 6 months post second infiltration were used to assess the clinical outcomes; seven patients were considered responders and five non-responders. The number of colony-forming MSCs did not increase in the post treatment group, however, they demonstrated significantly higher colony areas (14.5% higher compared to Pre) indicative of enhanced proliferative capacity, especially in older donors (28.2% higher). Senescence assays also suggest that older patients and responders had a higher resistance to senescent cell accumulation. Responder and non-responder MSCs tended to differ in the expression of genes associated with bone formation and cartilage turnover including osteoblast markers, matrix metalloproteinases, and their inhibitors. Taken together, our data show that in hip OA patients, combined IO and IA PRP infiltrations enhanced subchondral MSC proliferative and stress-resistance capacities, particularly in older patients. Future investigation of the potential anti-ageing effect of PRP infiltrations and the use of next-generation sequencing would contribute towards better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with OA in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Nicolás Fiz
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Maider Beitia
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Heather E. Owston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK; (P.G.); (H.E.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.B.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (E.J.); (M.S.)
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Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Vernot JP. Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050716. [PMID: 35629139 PMCID: PMC9147878 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow aging is associated with multiple cellular dysfunctions, including perturbed haematopoiesis, the propensity to haematological transformation, and the maintenance of leukaemia. It has been shown that instructive signals from different leukemic cells are delivered to stromal cells to remodel the bone marrow into a supportive leukemic niche. In particular, cellular senescence, a physiological program with both beneficial and deleterious effects on the health of the organisms, may be responsible for the increased incidence of haematological malignancies in the elderly and for the survival of diverse leukemic cells. Here, we will review the connection between BM aging and cellular senescence and the role that these processes play in leukaemia progression. Specifically, we discuss the role of mesenchymal stem cells as a central component of the supportive niche. Due to the specificity of the genetic defects present in leukaemia, one would think that bone marrow alterations would also have particular changes, making it difficult to envisage a shared therapeutic use. We have tried to summarize the coincident features present in BM stromal cells during aging and senescence and in two different leukaemias, acute myeloid leukaemia, with high frequency in the elderly, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, mainly a childhood disease. We propose that mesenchymal stem cells are similarly affected in these different leukaemias, and that the changes that we observed in terms of cellular function, redox balance, genetics and epigenetics, soluble factor repertoire and stemness are equivalent to those occurring during BM aging and cellular senescence. These coincident features may be used to explore strategies useful to treat various haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Kandarakov O, Belyavsky A, Semenova E. Bone Marrow Niches of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084462. [PMID: 35457280 PMCID: PMC9032554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system is remarkably efficient in meeting an organism’s vital needs, yet is highly sensitive and exquisitely regulated. Much of the organismal control over hematopoiesis comes from the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by specific microenvironments called niches in bone marrow (BM), where HSCs reside. The experimental studies of the last two decades using the most sophisticated and advanced techniques have provided important data on the identity of the niche cells controlling HSCs functions and some mechanisms underlying niche-HSC interactions. In this review we discuss various aspects of organization and functioning of the HSC cell niche in bone marrow. In particular, we review the anatomy of BM niches, various cell types composing the niche, niches for more differentiated cells, metabolism of HSCs in relation to the niche, niche aging, leukemic transformation of the niche, and the current state of HSC niche modeling in vitro.
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20
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Selle M, Koch JD, Ongsiek A, Ulbrich L, Ye W, Jiang Z, Krettek C, Neunaber C, Noack S. Influence of age on stem cells depends on the sex of the bone marrow donor. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1594-1605. [PMID: 35088539 PMCID: PMC8899192 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is often accompanied by an increase in bone marrow fat together with reduced bone volume and diseases of the bone such as osteoporosis. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of forming bone, cartilage and fat tissue, studying these cells is of great importance to understand the underlying mechanisms behind age‐related bone diseases. However, inter‐donor variation has been found when handling MSCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of donor age and sex by comparing in vitro characteristics of human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (hBMSCs) from a large donor cohort (n = 175). For this, hBMSCs were analysed for CFU‐F capacity, proliferation, differentiation capacity and surface antigen expression under standardized culture conditions. The results demonstrated a significantly reduced CFU‐F number for hBMSCs of female compared to male donors. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the proliferation rate, adipogenic differentiation potential and cell surface expression of SSEA‐4, CD146 and CD274 of hBMSCs with an increase in donor age. Interestingly, all these findings were exclusive to hBMSCs from female donors. Further research should focus on postmenopausal‐related effects on hBMSCs, as the results imply a functional loss and immunophenotypic change of hBMSCs particularly in aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Selle
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alina Ongsiek
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Linnea Ulbrich
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Weikang Ye
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhida Jiang
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Noack
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Evaluation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Functions on a Biomorphic Rattan-Wood-Derived Scaffold: A Comparison between Cultured and Uncultured MSCs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 9:bioengineering9010001. [PMID: 35049710 PMCID: PMC8773042 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of large bone defects requires the use of biocompatible osteoconductive scaffolds. These scaffolds are often loaded with the patient’s own bone marrow (BM) cells to facilitate osteoinductivity and biological potency. Scaffolds that are naturally sourced and fabricated through biomorphic transitions of rattan wood (B-HA scaffolds) offer a unique advantage of higher mechanical strength and bioactivity. In this study, we investigated the ability of a biomorphic B-HA scaffold (B-HA) to support the attachment, survival and gene expression profile of human uncultured BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs, n = 6) and culture expanded MSCs (cMSCs, n = 7) in comparison to a sintered, porous HA scaffold (S-HA). B-HA scaffolds supported BMSC attachment (average 98%) and their survival up to 4 weeks in culture. Flow cytometry confirmed the phenotype of cMSCs on the scaffolds. Gene expression indicated clear segregation between cMSCs and BMSCs with MSC osteogenesis- and adipogenesis-related genes including RUNX2, PPARγ, ALP and FABP4 being higher expressed in BMSCs. These data indicated a unique transcriptional signature of BMSCs that was distinct from that of cMSCs regardless of the type of scaffold or time in culture. There was no statistical difference in the expression of osteogenic genes in BMSCs or cMSCs in B-HA compared to S-HA. VEGF release from cMSCs co-cultured with human endothelial cells (n = 4) on B-HA scaffolds suggested significantly higher supernatant concentration with endothelial cells on day 14. This indicated a potential mechanism for providing vasculature to the repair area when such scaffolds are used for treating large bone defects.
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Laiva AL, O’Brien FJ, Keogh MB. Anti-Aging β-Klotho Gene-Activated Scaffold Promotes Rejuvenative Wound Healing Response in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111168. [PMID: 34832950 PMCID: PMC8619173 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires a tight orchestration of complex cellular events. Disruption in the cell-signaling events can severely impair healing. The application of biomaterial scaffolds has shown healing potential; however, the potential is insufficient for optimal wound maturation. This study explored the functional impact of a collagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffold functionalized with nanoparticles carrying an anti-aging gene β-Klotho on human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for rejuvenative healing applications. We studied the response in the ADSCs in three phases: (1) transcriptional activities of pluripotency factors (Oct-4, Nanog and Sox-2), proliferation marker (Ki-67), wound healing regulators (TGF-β3 and TGF-β1); (2) paracrine bioactivity of the secretome generated by the ADSCs; and (3) regeneration of basement membrane (fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV proteins) and expression of scar-associated proteins (α-SMA and elastin proteins) towards maturation. Overall, we found that the β-Klotho gene-activated scaffold offers controlled activation of ADSCs' regenerative abilities. On day 3, the ADSCs on the gene-activated scaffold showed enhanced (2.5-fold) activation of transcription factor Oct-4 that was regulated transiently. This response was accompanied by a 3.6-fold increase in the expression of the anti-fibrotic gene TGF-β3. Through paracrine signaling, the ADSCs-laden gene-activated scaffold also controlled human endothelial angiogenesis and pro-fibrotic response in dermal fibroblasts. Towards maturation, the ADSCs-laden gene-activated scaffold further showed an enhanced regeneration of the basement membrane through increases in laminin (2.1-fold) and collagen IV (8.8-fold) deposition. The ADSCs also expressed 2-fold lower amounts of the scar-associated α-SMA protein with improved qualitative elastin matrix deposition. Collectively, we determined that the β-Klotho gene-activated scaffold possesses tremendous potential for wound healing and could advance stem cell-based therapy for rejuvenative healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashang L. Laiva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group-Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain;
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael B. Keogh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group-Bahrain, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya, Manama P.O. Box 15503, Bahrain;
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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Barilani M, Lovejoy C, Piras R, Abramov AY, Lazzari L, Angelova PR. Age-related changes in the energy of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1753-1767. [PMID: 34791648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that leads to a higher risk for the most devastating diseases. There are a number of theories of human aging proposed, and many of them are directly or indirectly linked to mitochondria. Here, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from young and older donors to study age-related changes in mitochondrial metabolism. We have found that aging in MSCs is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower NADH levels in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA content is higher in aged MSCs, but the overall mitochondrial mass is decreased due to increased rates of mitophagy. Despite the higher level of ATP in aged cells, a higher rate of ATP consumption renders them more vulnerable to energy deprivation compared to younger cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in aged MSCs activate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria which is compensated by a higher level of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione. Thus, energy metabolism and redox state are the drivers for the aging of MSCs/mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barilani
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Christopher Lovejoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roberta Piras
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Aging, Bone Marrow and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212225. [PMID: 34830107 PMCID: PMC8620539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of bone marrow (BM) remains a very imperative and alluring subject, with an ever-increasing interest among fellow scientists. A considerable amount of progress has been made in this field with the established ‘hallmarks of aging’ and continued efforts to investigate the age-related changes observed within the BM. Inflammaging is considered as a low-grade state of inflammation associated with aging, and whilst the possible mechanisms by which aging occurs are now largely understood, the processes leading to the underlying changes within aged BM remain elusive. The ability to identify these changes and detect such alterations at the genetic level are key to broadening the knowledgebase of aging BM. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an important molecular-level application presenting the ability to not only determine genomic base changes but provide transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq), as well as a high-throughput analysis of DNA–protein interactions (ChIP-seq). Utilising NGS to explore the genetic alterations occurring over the aging process within alterative cell types facilitates the comprehension of the molecular and cellular changes influencing the dynamics of aging BM. Thus, this review prospects the current landscape of BM aging and explores how NGS technology is currently being applied within this ever-expanding field of research.
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Dregalla RC, Herrera JA, Donner EJ. Red blood cells and their releasates compromise bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell survival in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:547. [PMID: 34674751 PMCID: PMC8529765 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) in the treatment of inflammatory orthopedic conditions has become a common practice. The therapeutic effect of BMA/BMC is thought to revolve primarily around the mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population residing within the nucleated cell fraction. MSCs have the unique ability to respond to site of injury via the secretion of immunomodulating factors, resolving inflammation in diseased joints. Recently, the importance of hematocrit (HCT) in BMC has been debated, as the potential impact on MSC function is unknown. In the present study, we investigate MSC health over a short time-course following exposure to a range of HCT and red blood cell releasate (RBCrel) conditions. METHODS Bone marrow-derived human MSCs in early passage were grown under conditions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% HCT and RBCrel conditions for 3 days. At each day, the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic MSCs was determined via flow cytometry. Relative viable MSC counts in each condition was determined to account for dynamic changes in overall MSC densities over the time-course. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA comparing test conditions to the control followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Significant reductions in viable MSCs concurrent with an increase in necrotic MSCs in high HCT and RBCrel conditions was observed within 24 h. At each successive timepoint, the percent and relative number of viable MSCs were reduced, becoming significant in multiple HCT and RBCrel conditions by Day 3. Necrosis appears to be the initial mode of MSC death following exposure to HCT and RBCrel, followed by apoptosis in surviving MSC fractions. CONCLUSION Various levels of HCT and RBCrel severely compromise MSC health within 3 days and HCT should be controlled in the preparation of BMC products. Further, HCT of BMCs should be routinely recorded and tracked with patient outcomes along with routine metrics (e.g. nucleated cell counts, fibroblast-colony forming units). Differences in HCT may account for the inconsistencies in the efficacy of BMC reported when treating orthopedic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Christopher Dregalla
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA. .,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.
| | - Jessica Ann Herrera
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
| | - Edward Jeffery Donner
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,4795 Larimer Parkway, Colorado Spine Institute, PLLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
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Mantripragada VP, Boehm C, Bova W, Briskin I, Piuzzi NS, Muschler GF. Patient Age and Cell Concentration Influence Prevalence and Concentration of Progenitors in Bone Marrow Aspirates: An Analysis of 436 Patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:1628-1636. [PMID: 33844657 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) resident in native tissues serve as biological building blocks in tissue repair and remodeling processes. Methods for analysis and reporting on CTP quantity and quality are essential for defining optimal cell sources and donor characteristics and the impact of cell processing methods for cell therapy applications. The present study examines the influence of donor characteristics and cell concentration (nucleated cells/mL) on CTP prevalence (CTPs/million nucleated cells) and CTP concentration (CTPs/mL) in bone marrow aspirates (BMAs). METHODS Iliac crest bone marrow was aspirated from 436 patients during elective total knee or hip arthroplasty. Bone marrow-derived nucleated cells were plated at a density of 1.19 × 105 cells/cm2. Colony-forming unit analysis was performed on day 6. RESULTS Large variation was seen between donors. Age (p < 0.05) and cell concentration (p < 0.001) significantly influenced CTP prevalence and CTP concentration. For every 1-year increase in age, the odds of having at least an average CTP prevalence and CTP concentration decreased by 1.5% and 1.6%, respectively. For every 1 million cells/mL increase in cell concentration, the odds of having at least an average CTP prevalence and CTP concentration increased by 2.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of osteoporosis did not influence CTP prevalence or CTP concentration. CONCLUSIONS BMA-derived CTPs were obtained from all patient groups. CTP prevalence and CTP concentration decreased with age. Cell concentration decreased with age and positively correlated with total CTP prevalence and CTP concentration. The mean CTP concentration in patients >60 years of age was a third of the CTP concentration in patients <30 years of age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Proper BMA techniques are necessary to obtain a high-quality yield and composition of cells and CTPs. The reduced CTP concentration and CTP prevalence in the elderly may be mitigated by the use of cell processing methods that increase CTP concentration and CTP prevalence (e.g., by removing red blood cells, serum, and non-CTPs or by increasing aspirate volumes). Cell concentration in the BMA can be measured at the point of care and is an appropriate initial assessment of the quality of BMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute (V.P.M., C.B., W.B., and G.F.M), Department of Health Science (I.B.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (N.S.P. and G.F.M.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1341:143-175. [PMID: 33748933 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying aging, as a physiological process that can cause various pathological phenotypes, has attracted lots of attention due to its increasing burden and prevalence. Therefore, understanding its mechanism to find novel therapeutic alternatives for age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases is essential. Stem cell senescence plays an important role in aging. In the context of the underlying pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and genetic alterations, and other mechanisms have been studied and as a consequence, several rejuvenation strategies targeting these mechanisms like pharmaceutical interventions, genetic modification, and cellular reprogramming have been proposed. On the other hand, since stem cells have great potential for disease modeling, they have been useful for representing aging and its associated disorders. Accordingly, the main mechanisms of senescence in stem cells and promising ways of rejuvenation, along with some examples of stem cell models for aging are introduced and discussed. This review aims to prepare a comprehensive summary of the findings by focusing on the most recent ones to shine a light on this area of research.
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28
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Labedz-Maslowska A, Szkaradek A, Mierzwinski T, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma E. Processing and Ex Vivo Expansion of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for the Development of an Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product for use in Humans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081908. [PMID: 34440677 PMCID: PMC8392403 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) represents a commonly used source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) whose proregenerative potential has been widely investigated in multiple clinical trials worldwide. However, the standardization of the manufacturing process of MSC-based cell therapy medicinal products in compliance with the requirements of the local authorities is obligatory and will allow us to obtain the necessary permits for product administration according to its intended use. Within the research phase (RD), we optimized the protocols used for the processing and ex vivo expansion of AT-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for the development of an Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) for use in humans. Critical process parameters (including, e.g., the concentration of enzyme used for AT digestion, cell culture conditions) were identified and examined to ensure the high quality of the final product containing AT-MSCs. We confirmed the identity of isolated AT-MSCs as MSCs and their trilineage differentiation potential according to the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) recommendations. Based on the conducted experiments, in-process quality control (QC) parameters and acceptance criteria were defined for the manufacturing of hospital exemption ATMP (HE-ATMP). Finally, we conducted a validation of the manufacturing process in a GMP facility. In the current study, we presented a process approach leading to the optimization of processing and the ex vivo expansion of AT-MSCs for the development of ATMP for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Labedz-Maslowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.L.-M.); (A.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Szkaradek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.L.-M.); (A.S.); (Z.M.)
- Cell & Tissue Culture Laboratory, Jagiellonian Center of Innovation in Krakow, 30-384 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Mierzwinski
- Cell & Tissue Culture Laboratory, Jagiellonian Center of Innovation in Krakow, 30-384 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.L.-M.); (A.S.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.L.-M.); (A.S.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-664-6180
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29
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Meza-León B, Gratzinger D, Aguilar-Navarro AG, Juárez-Aguilar FG, Rebel VI, Torlakovic E, Purton LE, Dorantes-Acosta EM, Escobar-Sánchez A, Dick JE, Flores-Figueroa E. Human, mouse, and dog bone marrow show similar mesenchymal stromal cells within a distinctive microenvironment. Exp Hematol 2021; 100:41-51. [PMID: 34228982 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a key part of the hematopoietic niche. Mouse and human BMSCs are recognized by different markers (LepR and NGFR/CD271, respectively). However, there has not been a detailed in situ comparison of both populations within the hematopoietic microenvironment. Moreover, dog BMSCs have not been characterized in situ by any of those markers. We conducted a systematic histopathological comparison of mouse, human, and dog BMSCs within their bone marrow architecture and microenvironment. Human and dog CD271+ BMSCs had a morphology, frequency, and distribution within trabecular bone marrow similar to those of mouse LepR+ BMSCs. However, mouse bone marrow had higher cellularity and megakaryocyte content. In conclusion, highly comparable bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell distribution among the three species establishes the validity of using mouse and dog as a surrogate experimental model of hematopoietic stem cell-BMSC interactions. However, the distinct differences in adipocyte and megakaryocyte microenvironment content of mouse bone marrow and how they might influence hematopoietic stem cell interactions as compared with humans require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Meza-León
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alicia G Aguilar-Navarro
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Fany G Juárez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Vivienne I Rebel
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Emina Torlakovic
- Saskatchewan Health Authority (SHA), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa M Dorantes-Acosta
- Biobanco de Investigación en Células Leucémicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | | | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugenia Flores-Figueroa
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Dzobo K. Recent Trends in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Learning from History and Advancing Clinical Applications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:342-357. [PMID: 34115524 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early cell biology reports demonstrated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in bone marrow, with both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Over the years, various investigations have purified and characterized mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from different human tissues as cells with multilineage differentiation potential under the appropriate conditions. Due to their appealing characteristics and versatile potentials, MSCs are leveraged in many applications in medicine such as oncology, bioprinting, and as recent as therapeutics discovery and innovation for COVID-19. To date, studies indicate that MSCs have varied differentiation capabilities into different cell types, and demonstrate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Different microenvironments or niche for MSCs and their resulting heterogeneity may influence attendant cellular behavior and differentiation capacity. The potential clinical applications of MSCs and exosomes derived from these cells have led to an avalanche of research reports on their properties and hundreds of clinical trials being undertaken. There is ample reason to think, as discussed in this expert review that the future looks bright and promising for MSC research, with many clinical trials under way to ascertain their clinical utility. This review provides a synthesis of the latest advances and trends in MSC research to allow for broad and critically informed use of MSCs. Early observations of the presence of these cells in the bone marrow and their remarkable differentiation capabilities and immunomodulation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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El-Jawhari JJ, Ganguly P, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Autologous Therapy for Osteonecrosis: Effects of Age and Underlying Causes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:69. [PMID: 34067727 PMCID: PMC8156020 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a reliable source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been successfully used for treating osteonecrosis. Considering the functional advantages of BM-MSCs as bone and cartilage reparatory cells and supporting angiogenesis, several donor-related factors are also essential to consider when autologous BM-MSCs are used for such regenerative therapies. Aging is one of several factors contributing to the donor-related variability and found to be associated with a reduction of BM-MSC numbers. However, even within the same age group, other factors affecting MSC quantity and function remain incompletely understood. For patients with osteonecrosis, several underlying factors have been linked to the decrease of the proliferation of BM-MSCs as well as the impairment of their differentiation, migration, angiogenesis-support and immunoregulatory functions. This review discusses the quality and quantity of BM-MSCs in relation to the etiological conditions of osteonecrosis such as sickle cell disease, Gaucher disease, alcohol, corticosteroids, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, diabetes, chronic renal disease and chemotherapy. A clear understanding of the regenerative potential of BM-MSCs is essential to optimize the cellular therapy of osteonecrosis and other bone damage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopedic, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Apatzidou DA, Bakopoulou AA, Kouzi-Koliakou K, Karagiannis V, Konstantinidis A. A tissue-engineered biocomplex for periodontal reconstruction. A proof-of-principle randomized clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1111-1125. [PMID: 33899259 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the safety/efficacy of a tissue-engineered biocomplex in periodontal reconstruction. METHODS Twenty-seven intrabony defects were block-randomized across three treatment groups: Group-A (NA = 9) received autologous clinical-grade alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (a-BMMSCs), seeded into collagen scaffolds, enriched with autologous fibrin/platelet lysate (aFPL). In Group-B (NB = 10), the collagen scaffold/aFPL devoid of a-BMMSCs filled the osseous defect. Group-C (NC = 8) received Minimal Access Flap surgery retaining the soft tissue wall of defects identically with Groups-A/-B. Subjects were clinically/radiographically assessed before anaesthesia (baseline) and repeatedly over 12 months. RESULTS Quality controls were satisfied before biocomplex transplantation. There were no adverse healing events. All approaches led to significant clinical improvements (p < .001) with no inter-group differences. At 12 months, the estimated marginal means for all groups were as follows: 3.0 (95% CI: 1.9-4.1) mm for attachment gain; 3.7 (2.7-4.8) mm for probing pocket depth reduction; 0.7 (0.2-1.3) mm increase in recession. An overall greater mean reduction in the radiographic Cemento-Enamel Junction to Bottom Defect (CEJ-BD) distance was found for Groups-A/-C over Group-B (p < .023). CONCLUSION Radiographic evidence of bone fill was less pronounced in Group-B, although clinical improvements were similar across groups. All approaches aimed to trigger the innate healing potential of tissues. Cell-based therapy is justified for periodontal reconstruction and remains promising in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae A Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina A Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Karagiannis
- School of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AUTh, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Konstantinidis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yin M, Zhang Y, Yu H, Li X. Role of Hyperglycemia in the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665412. [PMID: 33968939 PMCID: PMC8099107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have laid a sound foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, the clinical efficiency of MSC treatments varies depending on certain cell characteristics. Among these, the roles of cell aging or senescence cannot be excluded. Despite their stemness, evidence of senescence in MSCs has recently gained attention. Many factors may contribute to the senescence of MSCs, including MSC origin (biological niche), donor conditions (age, obesity, diseases, or unknown factors), and culture conditions in vitro. With the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the effects of hyperglycemia on the senescence of MSCs should be evaluated to improve the application of autologous MSCs. This review aims to present the available data on the senescence of MSCs, its relationship with hyperglycemia, and the strategies to suppress the senescence of MSCs in a hyperglycemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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El-Jawhari JJ, El-Sherbiny Y, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; From a Leading Role in Pathogenesis to Potential Therapeutic Saviors? Front Immunol 2021; 12:643170. [PMID: 33732263 PMCID: PMC7959804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the autoimmune rheumatological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex with the involvement of several immune cell populations spanning both innate and adaptive immunity including different T-lymphocyte subsets and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Despite therapeutic advances in RA and SLE, some patients have persistent and stubbornly refractory disease. Herein, we discuss stromal cells' dual role, including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) also used to be known as mesenchymal stem cells as potential protagonists in RA and SLE pathology and as potential therapeutic vehicles. Joint MSCs from different niches may exhibit prominent pro-inflammatory effects in experimental RA models directly contributing to cartilage damage. These stromal cells may also be key regulators of the immune system in SLE. Despite these pro-inflammatory roles, MSCs may be immunomodulatory and have potential therapeutic value to modulate immune responses favorably in these autoimmune conditions. In this review, the complex role and interactions between MSCs and the haematopoietically derived immune cells in RA and SLE are discussed. The harnessing of MSC immunomodulatory effects by contact-dependent and independent mechanisms, including MSC secretome and extracellular vesicles, is discussed in relation to RA and SLE considering the stromal immune microenvironment in the diseased joints. Data from translational studies employing MSC infusion therapy against inflammation in other settings are contextualized relative to the rheumatological setting. Although safety and proof of concept studies exist in RA and SLE supporting experimental and laboratory data, robust phase 3 clinical trial data in therapy-resistant RA and SLE is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sherbiny
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Russell T, Watad A, Bridgewood C, Rowe H, Khan A, Rao A, Loughenbury P, Millner P, Dunsmuir R, Cuthbert R, Altaie A, Jones E, McGonagle D. IL-17A and TNF Modulate Normal Human Spinal Entheseal Bone and Soft Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis, and Stromal Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020341. [PMID: 33562025 PMCID: PMC7915379 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The spondylarthritides (SpA) are intimately linked to new bone formation and IL-17A and TNF pathways. We investigated spinal soft tissue and bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) responses to IL-17A and TNF, including their osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and stromal supportive function and ability to support lymphocyte recruitment. Methods: Normal spinal peri-entheseal bone (PEB) and entheseal soft tissue (EST) were characterized for MSCs by immunophenotypic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation criteria. Functional and gene transcriptomic analysis was carried out on undifferentiated, adipo- differentiated, and osteo-differentiated MSCs. The enthesis C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20-C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CCL20-CCR6) axis was investigated at transcript and protein levels to ascertain whether entheseal MSCs influence local immune cell populations. Results: Cultured MSCs from both PEB and EST displayed a tri-lineage differentiation ability. EST MSCs exhibited 4.9-fold greater adipogenesis (p < 0.001) and a 3-fold lower osteogenic capacity (p < 0.05). IL-17A induced greater osteogenesis in PEB MSCs compared to EST MSCs. IL-17A suppressed adipogenic differentiation, with a significant decrease in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effector C (CIDEC), and Perilipin-1 (PLIN1). IL-17A significantly increased the CCL20 transcript (p < 0.01) and protein expression (p < 0.001) in MSCs supporting a role in type 17 lymphocyte recruitment. Conclusions: Normal spinal enthesis harbors resident MSCs with different in vitro functionalities in bone and soft tissue, especially in response to IL-17A, which enhanced osteogenesis and CCL20 production and reduced adipogenesis compared to unstimulated MSCs. This MSC-stromal-enthesis immune system may be a hitherto unappreciated mechanism of “fine tuning” tissue repair responses at the enthesis in health and could be relevant for SpA understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Russell
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine “B”, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Hannah Rowe
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Almas Khan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Abhay Rao
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Peter Loughenbury
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Peter Millner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Dunsmuir
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK; (A.K.); (A.R.); (P.L.); (P.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Ala Altaie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK; (T.R.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (H.R.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)-113-392-4747
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Abstract
Significance: Senescence is a cellular state induced by internal or external stimuli, which result in cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal functionality as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent cells accumulate in tissues in physiological and pathological conditions such as development, tissue repair, aging, and cancer. Recent Advances: Growing evidences indicate that senescent cells in vivo are a heterogeneous cell population due to different cell-autonomous activated pathways and distinct microenvironmental contexts. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss the different contexts where senescence assumes a key role with beneficial or harmful outcomes. The heterogeneous nature of senescence pushes toward resolution of the specific molecular profile and secretome to typify senescent cells in physiological and pathological contexts. Future Directions: Future research will enable exploring the heterogeneity of the senescent population to precisely map the progression of cells through senescent trajectories and study the impact of the therapeutic advantage of senolytic drugs for translational strategies toward supporting the health span. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 294-307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Latella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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Metformin-Induced MicroRNA-34a-3p Downregulation Alleviates Senescence in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Targeting CAB39 through the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6616240. [PMID: 33505470 PMCID: PMC7806386 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6616240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are ideal seed cells for the regeneration of dental tissues. However, DPSC senescence restricts its clinical applications. Metformin (Met), a common prescription drug for type 2 diabetes, is thought to influence the aging process. This study is aimed at determining the effects of metformin on DPSC senescence. Young and aging DPSCs were isolated from freshly extracted human teeth. Flow cytometry confirmed that DPSCs expressed characteristic surface antigen markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that a concentration of 100 μM metformin produced the highest increase in the proliferation of DPSCs. Metformin inhibited senescence in DPSCs as evidenced by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and the expression levels of senescence-associated proteins. Additionally, metformin significantly suppressed microRNA-34a-3p (miR-34a-3p) expression, elevated calcium-binding protein 39 (CAB39) expression, and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CAB39 is a direct target for miR-34a-3p. Furthermore, transfection of miR-34a-3p mimics promoted the senescence of DPSCs, while metformin treatment or Lenti-CAB39 transfection inhibited cellular senescence. In conclusion, these results indicated that metformin could alleviate the senescence of DPSCs by downregulating miR-34a-3p and upregulating CAB39 through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This study elucidates on the inhibitory effect of metformin on DPSC senescence and its potential as a therapeutic target for senescence treatment.
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38
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Chia WK, Cheah FC, Abdul Aziz NH, Kampan NC, Shuib S, Khong TY, Tan GC, Wong YP. A Review of Placenta and Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cells and the Immunomodulatory Basis of Their Therapeutic Potential in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:615508. [PMID: 33791258 PMCID: PMC8006350 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.615508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating lung disorder of preterm infants as a result of an aberrant reparative response following exposures to various antenatal and postnatal insults. Despite sophisticated medical treatment in this modern era, the incidence of BPD remains unabated. The current strategies to prevent and treat BPD have met with limited success. The emergence of stem cell therapy may be a potential breakthrough in mitigating this complex chronic lung disorder. Over the last two decades, the human placenta and umbilical cord have gained increasing attention as a highly potential source of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells (PDSCs) and umbilical cord-derived stem cells (UCDSCs) display several advantages such as immune tolerance and are generally devoid of ethical constraints, in addition to their stemness qualities. They possess the characteristics of both embryonic and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Recently, there are many preclinical studies investigating the use of these cells as therapeutic agents in neonatal disease models for clinical applications. In this review, we describe the preclinical and clinical studies using PDSCs and UCDSCs as treatment in animal models of BPD. The source of these stem cells, routes of administration, and effects on immunomodulation, inflammation and regeneration in the injured lung are also discussed. Lastly, a brief description summarized the completed and ongoing clinical trials using PDSCs and UCDSCs as therapeutic agents in preventing or treating BPD. Due to the complexity of BPD, the development of a safe and efficient therapeutic agent remains a major challenge to both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Chia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Haslinda Abdul Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salwati Shuib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yee Khong
- Department of Pathology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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39
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Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Hematopoiesis Disturbances and Potential Role in the Development of Hematologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010068. [PMID: 33383723 PMCID: PMC7794884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As for many other cancers, the risk of developing hematologic malignancies increases considerably as people age. In recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the influence of the aging microenvironment on hematopoiesis and tumor progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a major player in intercellular communication inside the bone marrow microenvironment involved in hematopoiesis support. With aging, their functions may be altered, leading to hematopoiesis disturbances which can lead to hematologic cancers. A good understanding of the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell aging and the consequences on hematopoiesis and tumor progression is therefore necessary for a better comprehension of hematologic malignancies and for the development of therapeutic approaches. Abstract Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions. The present review presents the main features of MSC senescence in bone marrow and their implications in hematologic cancer progression.
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40
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Zannetti A, Benga G, Brunetti A, Napolitano F, Avallone L, Pelagalli A. Role of Aquaporins in the Physiological Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122678. [PMID: 33322145 PMCID: PMC7763964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane water channel proteins that control osmotically-driven water transport across cell membranes. Recent studies have focused on the assessment of fluid flux regulation in relation to the biological processes that maintain mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) physiology. In particular, AQPs seem to regulate MSC proliferation through rapid regulation of the cell volume. Furthermore, several reports have shown that AQPs play a crucial role in modulating MSC attachment to the extracellular matrix, their spread, and migration. Shedding light on how AQPs are able to regulate MSC physiological functions can increase our knowledge of their biological behaviours and improve their application in regenerative and reparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Via T. De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Gheorghe Benga
- Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca Branch, Strada Republicii 9, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Via T. De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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41
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Jones WG, El-Jawhari JJ, Brockett CL, Koria L, Ktistakis I, Jones E. Multipotential stromal cells in the talus and distal tibia in ankle osteoarthritis - Presence, potency and relationships to subchondral bone changes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:259-271. [PMID: 33305883 PMCID: PMC7810934 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) has an early onset and is post‐traumatic. Surgical interventions have low patient satisfaction and relatively poor clinical outcome, whereas joint‐preserving treatments, which rely on endogenous multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), result in suboptimal repair. This study investigates MSC presence and potency in OA‐affected talocrural osteochondral tissue. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) changes for the loading region trabecular volume and subchondral bone plate (SBP) thickness in OA compared with healthy tissue were investigated using microcomputed tomography. CD271‐positive MSC topography was related to bone and cartilage damage in OA tissue, and in vitro MSC potency was compared with control healthy iliac crest (IC) MSCs. A 1.3‐ to 2.5‐fold SBP thickening was found in both OA talus and tibia, whereas BV/TV changes were depth‐dependent. MSCs were abundant in OA talus and tibia, with similar colony characteristics. Tibial and talar MSCs were tripotential, but talar MSCs had 10‐fold lower adipogenesis and twofold higher chondrogenesis than IC MSCs (P = .01 for both). Cartilage damage in both OA tibia and talus correlated with SBP thickening and CD271+ MSCs was 1.4‐ to twofold more concentrated near the SBP. This work shows multipotential MSCs are present in OA talocrural subchondral bone, with their topography suggesting ongoing involvement in SBP thickening. Potentially, biomechanical stimulation could augment the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs for joint‐preserving treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatoid and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatoid and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.,Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - C L Brockett
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lekha Koria
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Elena Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatoid and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Quantification and Comprehensive Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow Samples from Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Osteonecrosis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8841191. [PMID: 33299424 PMCID: PMC7710439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8841191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of osteonecrosis in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients is increasing. However, convenient BM-MSC quantification and functional property assays are critical factors for cell-based therapies yet to be optimized. This study was designed to quantify the MSC population in bone marrow (BM) samples from SCD patients with osteonecrosis (SCD group) and patients with osteoarticular complications not related to SCD (NS group), using flow cytometry for CD271+CD45-/low cell phenotype and CFU-F assay. We also compared expanded BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation, migration, and cytokine secretion potential between these groups. The mean total cell number, CFU-F count, and CD271+CD45-/low cells in BM mononuclear concentrate were significantly higher in SCD than in NS patients. A significant correlation between CD271+CD45-/low cell number and CFU-F counts was found in SCD (r = 0.7483; p = 0.0070) and NS (r = 0.7167; p = 0.0370) BM concentrates. An age-related quantitative reduction of CFU-F counts and CD271+CD45-/low cell number was noted. Furthermore, no significant differences in the morphology, replicative capacity, expression of surface markers, multidifferentiation potential, and secretion of cytokines were found in expanded BM-MSCs from SCD and NS groups after in vitro culturing. Collectively, this work provides important data for the suitable measurement and expansion of BM-MSC in support to advanced cell-based therapies for SCD patients with osteonecrosis.
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Zhang L, Mack R, Breslin P, Zhang J. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging in hematopoietic stem cells and their niches. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 33228751 PMCID: PMC7686726 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging drives the genetic and epigenetic changes that result in a decline in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functioning. Such changes lead to aging-related hematopoietic/immune impairments and hematopoietic disorders. Understanding how such changes are initiated and how they progress will help in the development of medications that could improve the quality life for the elderly and to treat and possibly prevent aging-related hematopoietic diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in research into HSC aging and discuss the role of HSC-intrinsic events, as well as those that relate to the aging bone marrow niche microenvironment in the overall processes of HSC aging. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which HSC aging is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Department of Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Altaie A, Mastbergen S, Baboolal T, Welting T, Lafeber F, Pandit H, McGonagle D, Jones E. Gene Expression Signatures of Synovial Fluid Multipotent Stromal Cells in Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis and Following Knee Joint Distraction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579751. [PMID: 33178674 PMCID: PMC7591809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. Although joint replacement remains the standard of care for knee OA patients, knee joint distraction (KJD), which works by temporarily off-loading the joint for 6–8 weeks, is becoming a novel joint-sparing alternative for younger OA sufferers. The biological mechanisms behind KJD structural improvements remain poorly understood but likely involve joint-resident regenerative cells including multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). In this study, we hypothesized that KJD leads to beneficial cartilage-anabolic and anti-catabolic changes in joint-resident MSCs and investigated gene expression profiles of synovial fluid (SF) MSCs following KJD as compared with baseline. To obtain further insights into the effects of local biomechanics on MSCs present in late OA joints, SF MSC gene expression was studied in a separate OA arthroplasty cohort and compared with subchondral bone (SB) MSCs from medial (more loaded) and lateral (less loaded) femoral condyles from the same joints. In OA arthroplasty cohort (n = 12 patients), SF MSCs expressed lower levels of ossification- and hypotrophy-related genes [bone sialoprotein (IBSP), parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)] than did SB MSCs. Interestingly, SF MSCs expressed 5- to 50-fold higher levels of transcripts for classical extracellular matrix turnover molecules matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), all (p < 0.05) potentially indicating greater cartilage remodeling ability of OA SF MSCs, compared with SB MSCs. In KJD cohort (n = 9 patients), joint off-loading resulted in sustained, significant increase in SF MSC colonies’ sizes and densities and a notable transcript upregulation of key cartilage core protein aggrecan (ACAN) (weeks 3 and 6), as well as reduction in pro-inflammatory C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression (weeks 3 and 6). Additionally, early KJD changes (week 3) were marked by significant increases in MSC chondrogenic commitment markers gremlin 1 (GREM1) and growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). In combination, our results reveal distinct transcriptomes on joint-resident MSCs from different biomechanical environments and show that 6-week joint off-loading leads to transcriptional changes in SF MSCs that may be beneficial for cartilage regeneration. Biomechanical factors should be certainly considered in the development of novel MSC-based therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences department, CIBER-BBN, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)-Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ala Altaie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mastbergen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Floris Lafeber
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Rannou A, Toumaniantz G, Larcher T, Leroux I, Ledevin M, Hivonnait A, Babarit C, Fleurisson R, Dubreil L, Ménoret S, Anegon I, Charpentier F, Rouger K, Guével L. Human MuStem Cell Grafting into Infarcted Rat Heart Attenuates Adverse Tissue Remodeling and Preserves Cardiac Function. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:446-463. [PMID: 32695846 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Whereas transplantation of several cell types into the infarcted heart has produced promising preclinical results, clinical studies using analogous human cells have shown limited structural and functional benefits. In dogs and humans, we have described a type of muscle-derived stem cells termed MuStem cells that efficiently promoted repair of injured skeletal muscle. Enhanced survival rate, long-term engraftment, and participation in muscle fiber formation were reported, leading to persistent tissue remodeling and clinical benefits. With the consideration of these features that are restricted or absent in cells tested so far for myocardial infarction, we wanted to investigate the capacity of human MuStem cells to repair infarcted hearts. Their local administration in immunodeficient rats 1 week after induced infarction resulted in reduced fibrosis and increased angiogenesis 3 weeks post-transplantation. Importantly, foci of human fibers were detected in the infarct site. Treated rats also showed attenuated left-ventricle dilation and preservation of contractile function. Interestingly, no spontaneous arrhythmias were observed. Our findings support the potential of MuStem cells, which have already been proposed as therapeutic candidates for dystrophic patients, to treat myocardial infarction and position them as an attractive tool for muscle-regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rannou
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France.,l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Hivonnait
- l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Candice Babarit
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Romain Fleurisson
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- UMR 1064/Core Facility TRIP/Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- UMR 1064/Core Facility TRIP/Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France.,l'Institut du Thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Guével
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), 44307 Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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46
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Cryopreserved bone marrow aspirate concentrate as a cell source for the colony-forming unit fibroblast assay. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:486-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Thirlwell KL, Colligan D, Mountford JC, Samuel K, Bailey L, Cuesta-Gomez N, Hewit KD, Kelly CJ, West CC, McGowan NWA, Casey JJ, Graham GJ, Turner ML, Forbes S, Campbell JDM. Pancreas-derived mesenchymal stromal cells share immune response-modulating and angiogenic potential with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and can be grown to therapeutic scale under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:762-771. [PMID: 32828673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues are under investigation as cellular therapeutics in a wide range of diseases. It is appreciated that the basic biological functions of MSCs vary depending on tissue source. However, in-depth comparative analyses between MSCs isolated from different tissue sources under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions are lacking. Human clinical-grade low-purity islet (LPI) fractions are generated as a byproduct of islet isolation for transplantation. MSC isolates were derived from LPI fractions with the aim of performing a systematic, standardized comparative analysis of these cells with clinically relevant bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM MSCs). METHODS MSC isolates were derived from LPI fractions and expanded in platelet lysate-supplemented medium or in commercially available xenogeneic-free medium. Doubling rate, phenotype, differentiation potential, gene expression, protein production and immunomodulatory capacity of LPIs were compared with those of BM MSCs. RESULTS MSCs can be readily derived in vitro from non-transplanted fractions resulting from islet cell processing (i.e., LPI MSCs). LPI MSCs grow stably in serum-free or platelet lysate-supplemented media and demonstrate in vitro self-renewal, as measured by colony-forming unit assay. LPI MSCs express patterns of chemokines and pro-regenerative factors similar to those of BM MSCs and, importantly, are equally able to attract immune cells in vitro and in vivo and suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. Additionally, LPI MSCs can be expanded to therapeutically relevant doses at low passage under GMP conditions. CONCLUSIONS LPI MSCs represent an alternative source of GMP MSCs with functions comparable to BM MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L Thirlwell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Colligan
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kay Samuel
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Bailey
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kay D Hewit
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Neil W A McGowan
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Casey
- Transplant Unit, National Islet Transplant Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc L Turner
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shareen Forbes
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Transplant Unit, National Islet Transplant Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John D M Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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48
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Ganguly P, Burska AN, Davis CL, El-Jawhari JJ, Giannoudis PV, Jones EA. Intrinsic Type 1 Interferon (IFN1) Profile of Uncultured Human Bone Marrow CD45 lowCD271 + Multipotential Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs): The Impact of Donor Age, Culture Expansion and IFNα and IFNβ Stimulation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070214. [PMID: 32679782 PMCID: PMC7399891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal aging is associated with reduced proliferative potential of bone marrow (BM) multipotential stromal cells (MSCs). Recent data suggest the involvement of type 1 interferon (IFN1) signalling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence. Considering that BM-HSCs and BM-MSCs share the same BM niche, we investigated IFN1 expression profile in human BM-MSCs in relation to donor age, culture-expansion and IFN1 (α and β) stimulation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to purify uncultured BM-MSCs from younger (19-41, n = 6) and older (59-89, n = 6) donors based on the CD45lowCD271+ phenotype, and hematopoietic-lineage cells (BM-HLCs, CD45+CD271-) were used as controls. Gene expression was analysed using integrated circuits arrays in sorted fractions as well as cultured/stimulated BM-MSCs and Y201/Y202 immortalised cell lines. IFN1 stimulation led to BM-MSC growth arrest and upregulation of many IFN1-stimulated genes (ISGs), with IFNβ demonstrating stronger effects. Uncultured MSCs were characterised by a moderate-level ISG expression similar to Y201 cells. Age-related changes in ISG expression were negligible in BM-MSCs compared to BM-HLCs, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BM-MSCs did not significantly correlate with donor age. Antiaging genes Klotho and SIRT6 correlated with more ISGs in BM-MSCs than in BM-HLCs. In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), BM-MSCs expressed considerably lower levels of several ISGs, indicating that their IFN1 signature is affected in a pathological condition. In summary, BM-MSCs possess homeostatic IFN1 gene expression signature in health, which is sensitive to in vitro culture and external IFN1 stimulation. IFN signalling may facilitate in vivo BM-MSC responses to DNA damage and combating senescence and aberrant immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Agata N. Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Charlotte L.M. Davis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Jehan J. El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NF, UK;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Elena A. Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (P.G.); (A.N.B.); (C.L.M.D.); (P.V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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49
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Robert AW, Marcon BH, Dallagiovanna B, Shigunov P. Adipogenesis, Osteogenesis, and Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: A Comparative Transcriptome Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561. [PMID: 32733882 PMCID: PMC7362937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are complex and highly regulated processes. Over the years, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in the MSC commitment to the osteogenic, adipogenic and/or chondrogenic phenotypes. High-throughput methodologies have been used to investigate the gene expression profile during differentiation. Association of data analysis of mRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, obtained at different time points over these processes, are important to depict the complexity of differentiation. This review will discuss the results that were highlighted in transcriptome analyses of MSC undergoing adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. The focus is to shed light on key molecules, main signaling pathways and biological processes related to different time points of adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny W Robert
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna H Marcon
- Instituto Carlos Chagas - Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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50
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The osteogenic commitment of CD271+CD56+ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in osteoarthritic femoral head bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11145. [PMID: 32636407 PMCID: PMC7341749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder, is characterised by progressive structural changes in both the cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. In late disease stages, subchondral bone sclerosis has been linked to heightened osteogenic commitment of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This study utilised cell sorting and immunohistochemistry to identify a phenotypically-distinct, osteogenically-committed BMSC subset in human OA trabecular bone. Femoral head trabecular bone tissue digests were sorted into CD45-CD271+CD56+CD146-, CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146+ and CD45-CD271+CD56-CD146-(termed double-negative, DN) subsets, and CD45+CD271-hematopoietic-lineage cells served as control. Compared to the CD146+ subset, the CD56+ subset possessed a lower-level expression of adipocyte-associated genes and significantly over 100-fold higher-level expression of many osteoblast-related genes including osteopontin and osteocalcin, whilst the DN subset presented a transcriptionally ‘intermediate’ BMSC population. All subsets were tri-potential following culture-expansion and were present in control non-OA trabecular bone. However, while in non-OA bone CD56+ cells only localised on the bone surface, in OA bone they were additionally present in the areas of new bone formation rich in osteoblasts and newly-embedded osteocytes. In summary, this study reveals a distinct osteogenically-committed CD271+CD56+ BMSC subset and implicates it in subchondral bone sclerosis in hip OA. CD271+CD56+ subset may represent a future therapeutic target for OA and other bone-associated pathologies.
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