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Ganguly K, Luthfikasari R, Randhawa A, Dutta SD, Patil TV, Acharya R, Lim KT. Stimuli-Mediated Macrophage Switching, Unraveling the Dynamics at the Nanoplatforms-Macrophage Interface. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400581. [PMID: 38637323 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in immunotherapy and tissue regeneration owing to their remarkable plasticity and diverse functions. Recent bioengineering developments have focused on using external physical stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields, temperature, and compressive stress, among others, on micro/nanostructures to induce macrophage polarization, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. However, it is difficult to find a concise review of the interaction between physical stimuli, advanced micro/nanostructures, and macrophage polarization. This review examines the present research on physical stimuli-induced macrophage polarization on micro/nanoplatforms, emphasizing the synergistic role of fabricated structure and stimulation for advanced immunotherapy and tissue regeneration. A concise overview of the research advancements investigating the impact of physical stimuli, including electric fields, magnetic fields, compressive forces, fluid shear stress, photothermal stimuli, and multiple stimulations on the polarization of macrophages within complex engineered structures, is provided. The prospective implications of these strategies in regenerative medicine and immunotherapeutic approaches are highlighted. This review will aid in creating stimuli-responsive platforms for immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Abdullah M, Ali A, Usman M, Naz A, Qureshi JA, Bajaber MA, Zhang X. Post COVID-19 complications and follow up biomarkers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5705-5716. [PMID: 37881715 PMCID: PMC10597564 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people were infected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, which left a huge burden on the care of post COVID-19 survivors around the globe. The self-reported COVID-19 symptoms were experienced by an estimated 1.3 million people in the United Kingdom (2% of the population), and these symptoms persisted for about 4 weeks from the beginning of the infection. The symptoms most frequently reported were exhaustion, shortness of breath, muscular discomfort, joint pain, headache, cough, chest pain, cognitive impairment, memory loss, anxiety, sleep difficulties, diarrhea, and a decreased sense of smell and taste in post-COVID-19 affected people. The post COVID-19 complications were frequently related to the respiratory, cardiac, nervous, psychological and musculoskeletal systems. The lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, brain and other organs had been impaired by hypoxia and inflammation in post COVID-19 individuals. The upregulation of substance "P" (SP) and various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL3) has muddled respiratory, cardiac, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, endocrine, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, renal and genitourinary complications in post COVID-19 people. To prevent these complications from worsening, it was therefore important to study how these biomarkers were upregulated and block their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Pakistan
| | - Amjed Ali
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
| | - Anam Naz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Pakistan
| | - Javed Anver Qureshi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Pakistan
| | - Majed A Bajaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou China
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Chen L, Li X, Deng Y, Bi Y, Yan Z, Yang Y, Zhang X, Li H, Xie J, Feng R. IFITM2 Presents Antiviral Response through Enhancing Type I IFN Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040866. [PMID: 37112847 PMCID: PMC10141943 DOI: 10.3390/v15040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) helps cells fight viral infections by further inducing the expression of many downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Human interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITM) are one of these ISGs. The antiviral function of human IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 are well known. In this study, we report that IFITM can significantly inhibit EMCV infectivity in HEK293 cells. Overexpression of IFITM proteins could promote IFN-β production. Meanwhile, IFITMs facilitated type I IFN signaling pathway adaptor MDA5 expression. We detected the binding of IFITM2 to MDA5 in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. It was also found that the ability of IFITM2 to activate IFN-β was significantly inhibited after interfering with MDA5 expression, suggesting that MDA5 may play an important role in the activation of the IFN-β signaling pathway by IFITM2. Moreover, the N-terminal domain plays an active role in the antiviral activity and the activation of IFN-β by IFITM2. These findings suggest that IFITM2 plays a vital role in antiviral signaling transduction. In addition, a positive feed-forward loop between IFITM2 and type I IFN establishes a key role for IFITM2 in enforcing innate immune responses.
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Emelianova AG, Petrova NV, Fremez C, Fontanié M, Tarasov SА, Epstein ОI. Therapeutic potential of highly diluted antibodies in antibiotic-resistant infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen J, Wang L, Huang J, Li X, Guan L, Wang Q, Yang M, Qin Q. Functional analysis of a novel MHC-Iα genotype in orange-spotted grouper: Effects on Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) replication and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:487-497. [PMID: 35077868 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-Ⅰ) molecule plays a key role in vertebrate immune response for its important functions in antigen presentation and immune regulation. MHC pathway is closely related to many diseases involving autoimmunity, antigen intrusion and inflammation. However, rare literatures about the effect of MHC-I on fish cells apoptosis were reported. In this study, a novel type of MHC-Ⅰα genotype from orange-spotted grouper (named EcMHC-ⅠA*01) were cloned and characterized. It shared a 77% identity to its Epinephelus coioides MHC-Iα homology that has been uploaded to NCBI (ACZ97571.1). Molecular characterization analysis showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 encodes a 357-amino-acid protein, containing a signal peptide,α1,α2,α3, Cytoplasmic (Cyt) and Transmembrane (TM) domains. Tissue expression pattern showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 was extensively distributed in twelve selected tissues, with higher expression in the gill, intestine and skin. The expression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 in grouper liver and spleen tissues were significantly induced by different stimuli (Zymosan A, LPS, Ploy I:C, RGNNV and SGIV). Comparing with the EcMHC-ⅠA*01 expression levels induced by Zymosan A, Ploy I:C and RGNNV, the effects induced by SGIV and LPS were more significant. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 localizes throughout the cytoplasm appeared both diffuse and focal intracellular expression pattern. Overexpression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 inhibited the CPE progression, the mRNA expression of the SGIV related genes (MCP, LITAF, ICP-18 and VP19) and the protein expression of MCP. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR result showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 overexpression upregulated the expression of interferon signaling molecules (IFN-γ, ISG56, MDA5 and MXI) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TRAF6). In addition, our results showed that overexpression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 promoted the apoptosis of normal fathead minnow (FHM) cells as well as the apoptosis of FHM cells induced by SGIV. However, there was no significant change in the activity of caspase 3 between control group and EcMHC-ⅠA*01 overexpression group, suggesting that EcMHC-ⅠA*01-induced apoptosis may not depend on the caspase 3 pathway. Taken together, these data in our study provide new insights into the role of MHC-I in antiviral immune response and apoptosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Chen
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianling Huang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lingfeng Guan
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Yang M, Chen J, Li X, Huang J, Wang Q, Wang S, Wei S, Qin Q. The transcription factor NFYC positively regulates expression of MHCIa in the red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104272. [PMID: 34600022 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian studies have shown that the nuclear transcription factor Y (NFYC) regulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by binding to CCAAT-box on promoters. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory mechanisms of NFYC in MHC pathway in fish. To explore the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of MHCIa in fish, we characterized NFYC and MHCIa of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) (named EaNFYC and EaMHCIa, respectively). The EaNFYC genome sequence is 13,796 bp and contains 1,065 bp open reading frame. It is composed of ten exons and nine introns and encode a 354 amino acid sequence. The putative EaNFYC protein sequence shared 67.2-99.4% identity to vertebrate NFYC and possesses a typically conserved domain (histone- or haem-associated protein 5 domain (HAP5)) at the N-terminus. Transcripts of both EaNFYC and EaMHCIa were ubiquitously expressed in all detect tissues, and higher mRNA levels were detected in immune-relevant tissues (middle-kidney). EaNFYC expression increased after treatment with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide, nervous necrosis virus, zymosan A, and Singapore grouper iridovirus. Analysis of subcellular localization indicated that EaNFYC was localized at the cell nucleus only. Furthermore, overexpression of EaNFYC significantly stimulated the expression of EaMHCIa, interferon signalling molecules and inflammatory cytokine. The region -878 bp to +82 bp of EaMHCIa promoter was identified to be the core promoter which EaNFYC take effect on. Additionally, point mutations and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that NFYC activate MHCIa expression by binding at the M1 and M2 binding sites that do not contain CCAAT-box. These results contribute to elucidating the function of fish NFYC on MHC transcriptional mechanisms, and provide the first evidence of positive regulation of MHCIa expression by NFYC in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jinpeng Chen
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianling Huang
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shina Wei
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- University JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
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7
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Arosa FA, Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Cardoso EM. Open MHC Class I Conformers: A Look through the Looking Glass. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189738. [PMID: 34575902 PMCID: PMC8470049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies carried out during the last few decades have consistently shown that cell surface MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are endowed with functions unrelated with antigen presentation. These include cis–trans-interactions with inhibitory and activating KIR and LILR, and cis-interactions with receptors for hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. The mounting body of evidence indicates that these non-immunological MHC-I functions impact clinical and biomedical settings, including autoimmune responses, tumor escape, transplantation, and neuronal development. Notably, most of these functions appear to rely on the presence in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells of heavy chains not associated with β2m and the peptide at the plasma membrane; these are known as open MHC-I conformers. Nowadays, open conformers are viewed as functional cis-trans structures capable of establishing physical associations with themselves, with other surface receptors, and being shed into the extracellular milieu. We review past and recent developments, strengthening the view that open conformers are multifunctional structures capable of fine-tuning cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health School, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, 6300-749 Guarda, Portugal
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Reynolds D, Huesemann M, Edmundson S, Sims A, Hurst B, Cady S, Beirne N, Freeman J, Berger A, Gao S. Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis. ALGAL RES 2021; 57:102331. [PMID: 34026476 PMCID: PMC8128986 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are abiotic obligate parasites utilizing complex mechanisms to hijack cellular machinery and reproduce, causing multiple harmful effects in the process. Viruses represent a growing global health concern; at the time of writing, COVID-19 has killed at least two million people around the world and devastated global economies. Lingering concern regarding the virus' prevalence yet hampers return to normalcy. While catastrophic in and of itself, COVID-19 further heralds in a new era of human-disease interaction characterized by the emergence of novel viruses from natural sources with heretofore unseen frequency. Due to deforestation, population growth, and climate change, we are encountering more viruses that can infect larger groups of people with greater ease and increasingly severe outcomes. The devastation of COVID-19 and forecasts of future human/disease interactions call for a creative reconsideration of global response to infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accessible, cost-effective antiviral (AV) drugs that can be mass-produced and widely distributed to large populations. Development of AV drugs should be informed by a thorough understanding of viral structure and function as well as human biology. To maximize efficacy, minimize cost, and reduce development of drug-resistance, these drugs would ideally operate through a varied set of mechanisms at multiple stages throughout the course of infection. Due to their abundance and diversity, natural compounds are ideal for such comprehensive therapeutic interventions. Promising sources of such drugs are found throughout nature; especially remarkable are the algae, a polyphyletic grouping of phototrophs that produce diverse bioactive compounds. While not much literature has been published on the subject, studies have shown that these compounds exert antiviral effects at different stages of viral pathogenesis. In this review, we follow the course of viral infection in the human body and evaluate the AV effects of algae-derived compounds at each stage. Specifically, we examine the AV activities of algae-derived compounds at the entry of viruses into the body, transport through the body via the lymph and blood, infection of target cells, and immune response. We discuss what is known about algae-derived compounds that may interfere with the infection pathways of SARS-CoV-2; and review which algae are promising sources for AV agents or AV precursors that, with further investigation, may yield life-saving drugs due to their diversity of mechanisms and exceptional pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Reynolds
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Michael Huesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Scott Edmundson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Amy Sims
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sherry Cady
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Beirne
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Freeman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Adam Berger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
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Ahmadi A, Moradi S. In silico analysis suggests the RNAi-enhancing antibiotic enoxacin as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10271. [PMID: 33986351 PMCID: PMC8119475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has currently become the biggest challenge in the world. There is still no specific medicine for COVID-19, which leaves a critical gap for the identification of new drug candidates for the disease. Recent studies have reported that the small-molecule enoxacin exerts an antiviral activity by enhancing the RNAi pathway. The aim of this study is to analyze if enoxacin can exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. We exploit multiple computational tools and databases to examine (i) whether the RNAi mechanism, as the target pathway of enoxacin, could act on the SARS-CoV-2 genome, and (ii) microRNAs induced by enoxacin might directly silence viral components as well as the host cell proteins mediating the viral entry and replication. We find that the RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 might be a suitable substrate for DICER activity. We also highlight several enoxacin-enhanced microRNAs which could target SARS-CoV-2 components, pro-inflammatory cytokines, host cell components facilitating viral replication, and transcription factors enriched in lung stem cells, thereby promoting their differentiation and lung regeneration. Finally, our analyses identify several enoxacin-targeted regulatory modules that were critically associated with exacerbation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our analysis suggests that enoxacin could be a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment through enhancing the RNAi pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169,, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Fouladseresht H, Doroudchi M, Rokhtabnak N, Abdolrahimzadehfard H, Roudgari A, Sabetian G, Paydar S. Predictive monitoring and therapeutic immune biomarkers in the management of clinical complications of COVID-19. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 58:32-48. [PMID: 33199179 PMCID: PMC7544568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), appears with a wide spectrum of mild-to-critical clinical complications. Many clinical and experimental findings suggest the role of inflammatory mechanisms in the immunopathology of COVID-19. Hence, cellular and molecular mediators of the immune system can be potential targets for predicting, monitoring, and treating the progressive complications of COVID-19. In this review, we assess the latest cellular and molecular data on the immunopathology of COVID-19 according to the pathological evidence (e.g., mucus and surfactants), dysregulations of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and chemokines), and impairments of innate and acquired immune system functions (e.g., mononuclear cells, neutrophils and antibodies). Furthermore, we determine the significance of immune biomarkers for predicting, monitoring, and treating the progressive complications of COVID-19. We also discuss the clinical importance of recent immune biomarkers in COVID-19, and at the end of each section, recent clinical trials in immune biomarkers for COVID-19 are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fouladseresht
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Rokhtabnak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdolrahimzadehfard
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Roudgari
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Golnar Sabetian
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Paydar
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Mulpuru V, Mishra N. Immunoinformatic based identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from the Indian isolate of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4516. [PMID: 33633155 PMCID: PMC7907102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has turned into a pandemic with about thirty million confirmed cases worldwide as of September 2020. Being an airborne infection, it can be catastrophic to populous countries like India. This study sets to identify potential cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 Indian isolate which can act as an effective vaccine epitope candidate for the majority of the Indian population. The immunogenicity and the foreignness of the epitopes towards the human body have to be studied to further confirm their candidacy. The top-scoring epitopes were subjected to molecular docking studies to study their interactions with the corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. The CTL epitopes were observed to bind at the peptide-binding groove of the corresponding HLA system, indicating their potency as an epitope candidate. The candidacy was further analyzed using sequence conservation studies and molecular dynamics simulation. The identified epitopes can be subjected to further studies for the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswajit Mulpuru
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211012, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied Science, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211012, India.
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Muntjewerff EM, Meesters LD, van den Bogaart G, Revelo NH. Reverse Signaling by MHC-I Molecules in Immune and Non-Immune Cell Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:605958. [PMID: 33384693 PMCID: PMC7770133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are well-known for their role in antigen (cross-) presentation, thereby functioning as key players in the communication between immune cells, for example dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, or immune cells and their targets, such as T cells and virus-infected or tumor cells. However, much less appreciated is the fact that MHC molecules can also act as signaling receptors. In this process, here referred to as reverse MHC class I (MHC-I) signaling, ligation of MHC molecules can lead to signal-transduction and cell regulatory effects in the antigen presenting cell. In the case of MHC-I, reverse signaling can have several outcomes, including apoptosis, migration, induced or reduced proliferation and cytotoxicity towards target cells. Here, we provide an overview of studies showing the signaling pathways and cell outcomes upon MHC-I stimulation in various immune and non-immune cells. Signaling molecules like RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were common signaling molecules activated upon MHC-I ligation in multiple cell types. For endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the in vivo relevance of reverse MHC-I signaling has been established, namely in the context of adverse effects after tissue transplantation. For other cell types, the role of reverse MHC-I signaling is less clear, since aspects like the in vivo relevance, natural MHC-I ligands and the extended downstream pathways are not fully known.The existing evidence, however, suggests that reverse MHC-I signaling is involved in the regulation of the defense against bacterial and viral infections and against malignancies. Thereby, reverse MHC-I signaling is a potential target for therapies against viral and bacterial infections, cancer immunotherapies and management of organ transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luca D Meesters
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Jang Y, Kim TJ, Moon J, Yang TW, Kim KT, Park BS, Lim JA, Jun JS, Lee ST, Jung KH, Park KI, Jung KY, Chu K, Lee SK. HLAs associated with perampanel-induced psychiatric adverse effects in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13667. [PMID: 32788606 PMCID: PMC7423598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perampanel (PER) is a new-generation antiepileptic drug that has an occasional but significant shortcoming, psychiatric adverse effects (PAEs). Recently, antiepileptic drug-related adverse reactions, such as skin rash and even PAEs, have been discovered to be correlated with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. Thus, we aimed to analyze specific HLA alleles as risk factors for PER-PAEs. We prospectively enrolled 17 patients with epilepsy who were prescribed PER between May 2016 and Jul 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital and developed PAEs while taking PER. Their HLA types were analyzed compared to those of 19 patients in the PAE-tolerant group and the general Korean population. In silico docking was performed with two different computational programs, AutoDock Vina and SwissDock, to theoretically evaluate the binding affinity of PER in the grooves of the specific HLA alleles. The HLA-DQB1*06:01, DRB1*08:03, and B*54:01 alleles were significantly associated with the patients who developed PER-PAEs compared with the general Korean population (odds ratio [OR] 3.94, p = 0.008, OR 9.24, p = 0.037, and OR 3.25, p = 0.041, respectively). As a haplotype, the combination of the three alleles was significantly more frequent in the PER-PAE group than in both the PER-tolerant group and the general Korean population. DQB1*06:01 and B*54:01 also demonstrated higher docking scores with PER than other alleles. This is the first study to analyze the association of PER-PAEs with specific HLA genotypes. Our results suggest that an HLA-associated genetic predisposition and a possible immunological mechanism are involved in the occurrence of PER-PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhyuk Jang
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Yang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Keun Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Park
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lim
- Department of Neurology, Chamjoeun Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Jun
- Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Keun-Hwa Jung
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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Jiang Z, Weng P, Xu X, Li M, Li Y, Lv Y, Chang K, Wang S, Lin G, Hu C. IRF9 promotes apoptosis and innate immunity by inhibiting SIRT1-p53 axis in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:220-228. [PMID: 32439513 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, SIRT1 is widely involved in apoptosis and cellular inflammation via multiple pathways such as p53, NF-кB and STAT. More and more studies have shown that p53 is the first non-histone deacetylation target of SIRT1. SIRT1-p53 axis thus plays an important role in mammalian cells. IRF9 is an important member of interferon regulator factor family and performs an important role in innate immunity against foreign virus invasion. More importantly, human IRF9 can suppress the SIRT1-p53 axis. However, the functions and relationship between IRF9 and SIRT1-p53 axis are rarely studied in fish. To this end, we made a preliminary research on the functions of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IRF9, SIRT1 and p53 in apoptosis and innate immunity. Firstly, we cloned and identified the ORF of SIRT1 (named CiSIRT1, MN125614) from C. idella and demonstrated that CiIRF9 promoted apoptosis, while CiSIRT1 inhibited apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL experiments. Next, we found the interaction between CiSIRT1 and Cip53 in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, the colocalization analysis also showed CiSIRT1 and Cip53 were mainly distributed in nucleus. Thirdly, we got a conclusion that CiIRF9 can repress the expression of CiSIRT1, implying that CiIRF9 regulates CiSIRT1-p53 axis. Finally, CiSIRT1 mRNA level was significantly up-regulated and the expression reached the highest level at 24 h post poly (I:C) stimulation in CIK cells. So, CiSIRT1 may exert an important function in innate immunity. Furthermore, we found CiSIRT1 down-regulated the expression of CiIFN1. In summary, CiIRF9 promotes apoptosis and innate immunity by inhibiting SIRT1-p53 axis. These findings will provide a new theoretical basis for the research on teleost innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyin Jiang
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Panwei Weng
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yinping Li
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yangfeng Lv
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Dastan F, Nadji SA, Saffaei A, Marjani M, Moniri A, Jamaati H, Hashemian SM, Baghaei P, Abedini A, Varahram M, Yousefian S, Tabarsi P. Subcutaneous administration of interferon beta-1a for COVID-19: A non-controlled prospective trial. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106688. [PMID: 32544867 PMCID: PMC7275997 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, a new coronavirus spreads rapidly throughout the countries and resulted in a worldwide epidemic. Interferons have direct antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Antiviral effects may include inhibition of viral replication, protein synthesis, virus maturation, or virus release from infected cells. Previous studies have shown that some coronaviruses are susceptible to interferons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of IFN-β-1a administration in COVID-19. Methods In this prospective non-controlled trial, 20 patients included. They received IFN-β-1a at a dose of 44 µg subcutaneously every other day up to 10 days. All patients received conventional therapy including Hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, virological clearance, and imaging findings recorded during the study. Results The mean age of the patients was 58.55 ± 13.43 years. Fever resolved in all patients during first seven days. Although other symptoms decreased gradually. Virological clearance results showed a significant decrease within 10 days. Imaging studies showed significant recovery after 14-day period in all patients. The mean time of hospitalization was 16.8 ± 3.4 days. There were no deaths or significant adverse drug reactions in the 14-day period. Conclusions Our findings support the use of IFN-β-1a in combination with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir in the management of COVID-19. Clinical trial registration number: IRCT20151227025726N12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Dastan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center, National Institutes of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saffaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Moniri
- Virology Research Center, National Institutes of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed MohammadReza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Baghaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Yousefian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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