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Montagnani Marelli M, Macchi C, Ruscica M, Sartori P, Moretti RM. Anticancer Activity of Delta-Tocotrienol in Human Hepatocarcinoma: Involvement of Autophagy Induction. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2654. [PMID: 39123382 PMCID: PMC11311296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer. Surgical resection, tumor ablation, and liver transplantation are curative treatments indicated for early-stage HCC. The management of intermediate and advanced stages of pathology is based on the use of systemic therapies which often show important side effects. Vitamin E-derivative tocotrienols (TTs) play antitumoral properties in different tumors. Here, we analyzed the activity of delta-TT (δ-TT) on HCC human cell lines. (2) We analyzed the ability of δ-TT to trigger apoptosis, to induce oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitophagy in HepG2 cell line. We evaluated the correlation between the activation of autophagy with the ability of δ-TT to induce cell death. (3) The data obtained demonstrate that δ-TT exerts an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect in HCC cells. Furthermore, δ-TT induces the release of mitochondrial ROS and causes a structural and functional alteration of the mitochondria compatible with a fission process. Finally, δ-TT triggers selective autophagy process removing dysfunctional mitochondria. Inhibition of autophagy reversed the cytotoxic action of δ-TT. (4) Our results demonstrate that δ-TT through the activation of autophagy could represent a potential new approach in the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases-Foundation, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.R.); (R.M.M.)
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Bel’skaya LV, Dyachenko EI. Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer: A Biochemical Map of Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4646-4687. [PMID: 38785550 PMCID: PMC11120394 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematizes information about the metabolic features of breast cancer directly related to oxidative stress. It has been shown those redox changes occur at all levels and affect many regulatory systems in the human body. The features of the biochemical processes occurring in breast cancer are described, ranging from nonspecific, at first glance, and strictly biochemical to hormone-induced reactions, genetic and epigenetic regulation, which allows for a broader and deeper understanding of the principles of oncogenesis, as well as maintaining the viability of cancer cells in the mammary gland. Specific pathways of the activation of oxidative stress have been studied as a response to the overproduction of stress hormones and estrogens, and specific ways to reduce its negative impact have been described. The diversity of participants that trigger redox reactions from different sides is considered more fully: glycolytic activity in breast cancer, and the nature of consumption of amino acids and metals. The role of metals in oxidative stress is discussed in detail. They can act as both co-factors and direct participants in oxidative stress, since they are either a trigger mechanism for lipid peroxidation or capable of activating signaling pathways that affect tumorigenesis. Special attention has been paid to the genetic and epigenetic regulation of breast tumors. A complex cascade of mechanisms of epigenetic regulation is explained, which made it possible to reconsider the existing opinion about the triggers and pathways for launching the oncological process, the survival of cancer cells and their ability to localize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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Zhang LL, Wang L, Zhang DN, Wu JT, Liu Y, Wang YP. Case report: Ureteric bud intestinal-type adenocarcinoma involving the cervix was misdiagnosed as a large cervical fibroid. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1374653. [PMID: 38681049 PMCID: PMC11045929 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1374653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumors of the ureteric bud are not common, and cervical involvement is even rarer. So far, there have been no such cases in the literature. Case summary A 50-year-old woman developed intermittent light bleeding in the past 7 months and lower abdominal pain in the past 2 months. The human papillomavirus 16 (HPV) DNA, P16 chemical staining, thinPrep cytology test (TCT), and cervical and cervical canal tissue biopsy were all negative. Pelvic color Doppler ultrasound exhibited incomplete mediastinal uterus and heterogeneous echo from the cervical canal to the posterior wall of the cervix. Pelvic contrast-enhanced CT showed left cervical mass, left retroperitoneal mass, absence of the left kidney, and mediastinal uterus. An increase in human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) (133.6 pmol/L) was detected, while other tumor markers were at normal levels. Based on these examination results, a diagnosis of "cervical fibroids, left retroperitoneal mass, incomplete mediastinal uterus, left kidney deficiency"[SIC] was conducted, and expanded hysterectomy, right adnexectomy, and left retroperitoneal mass resection were performed. Through intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis, postoperative pathological diagnosis combined with the re-evaluation of laboratory, and imaging and intraoperative examination results, the patient was diagnosed with ureteric bud intestinal-type adenocarcinoma involving the cervix. The patient has been tracked and followed up for approximately 11 months. She underwent six courses of chemotherapy. At present, the medication has been discontinued for 4 months, and there is no recurrence, metastasis, or deterioration of the tumor. Conclusion For large masses of the cervix, it is feasible for the operation to be performed, improving the prognosis. There were a few limitations. A preoperative aspiration biopsy of masses was not performed to differentiate benign from malignant. Preoperative urography was not performed to clarify the function of the malformed urinary system structure. Partial cystectomy should be performed simultaneously with the resection of the ureteric bud for intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. In this case, a partial cystectomy was not performed, which can only be compensated with postoperative chemotherapy. Moreover, this patient did not undergo genetic screening, and it is currently unclear whether there are any genetic mutations associated with ureteric bud intestinal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-li Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 964th Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan-ni Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 964th Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-tong Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 964th Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 964th Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-ping Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Kumar S, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Fluoride-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Approaches for Its Intervention. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:835-849. [PMID: 37300595 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is present everywhere in nature. The primary way that individuals are exposed to fluoride is by drinking water. It's interesting to note that while low fluoride levels are good for bone and tooth growth, prolonged fluoride exposure is bad for human health. Additionally, preclinical studies link oxidative stress, inflammation, and programmed cell death to fluoride toxicity. Moreover, mitochondria play a crucial role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, little is known about fluoride's impact on mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamics. These actions control the growth, composition, and organisation of mitochondria, and the purification of mitochondrial DNA helps to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of cytochrome c, which enables cells to survive the effects of fluoride poisoning. In this review, we discuss the different pathways involved in mitochondrial toxicity and dysfunction induced by fluoride. For therapeutic approaches, we discussed different phytochemical and pharmacological agents which reduce the toxicity of fluoride via maintained by imbalanced cellular processes, mitochondrial dynamics, and scavenging the ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, India.
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Rajan PK, Udoh UAS, Nakafuku Y, Pierre SV, Sanabria J. Normalization of the ATP1A1 Signalosome Rescinds Epigenetic Modifications and Induces Cell Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2023; 12:2367. [PMID: 37830582 PMCID: PMC10572209 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-related HCC, cellular redox imbalance from metabolic disturbances leads to dysregulation of the α1-subunit of the Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A1) signalosome. We have recently reported that the normalization of this pathway exhibited tumor suppressor activity in MASH-HCC. We hypothesized that dysregulated signaling from the ATP1A1, mediated by cellular metabolic stress, promotes aberrant epigenetic modifications including abnormal post-translational histone modifications and dysfunctional autophagic activity, leading to HCC development and progression. Increased H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) were observed in human HCC cell lines, HCC-xenograft and MASH-HCC mouse models, and epigenetic changes were associated with decreased cell autophagy in HCC cell lines. Inhibition of the pro-autophagic transcription factor FoxO1 was associated with elevated protein carbonylation and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). In contrast, normalization of the ATP1A1 signaling significantly decreased H3K9ac and H3K9me3, in vitro and in vivo, with concomitant nuclear localization of FoxO1, heightening cell autophagy and cancer-cell apoptotic activities in treated HCC cell lines. Our results showed the critical role of the ATP1A1 signalosome in HCC development and progression through epigenetic modifications and impaired cell autophagy activity, highlighting the importance of the ATP1A1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Rajan
- Department of Surgery, Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (P.K.R.); (U.-A.S.U.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Utibe-Abasi S. Udoh
- Department of Surgery, Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (P.K.R.); (U.-A.S.U.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Yuto Nakafuku
- Department of Surgery, Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (P.K.R.); (U.-A.S.U.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Sandrine V. Pierre
- Department of Surgery, Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (P.K.R.); (U.-A.S.U.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
| | - Juan Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (P.K.R.); (U.-A.S.U.); (Y.N.); (S.V.P.)
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolomic Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44100, USA
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Liu L, Hou Q, Chen B, Lai X, Wang H, Liu H, Wu L, Liu S, Luo K, Liu J. Identification of molecular subgroups and establishment of risk model based on the response to oxidative stress to predict overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:333. [PMID: 37689745 PMCID: PMC10492289 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is associated with the occurrence and development of lung cancer. However, the specific association between lung cancer and oxidative stress is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the progression and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS The gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information were collected from GEO and TCGA databases. Differentially expressed oxidative stress-related genes (OSRGs) were identified between normal and tumor samples. Consensus clustering was applied to identify oxidative stress-related molecular subgroups. Functional enrichment analysis, GSEA, and GSVA were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. xCell was used to assess the immune status of the subgroups. A risk model was developed by the LASSO algorithm and validated using TCGA-LUAD, GSE13213, and GSE30219 datasets. RESULTS A total of 40 differentially expressed OSRGs and two oxidative stress-associated subgroups were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle-, inflammation- and oxidative stress-related pathways varied significantly in the two subgroups. Furthermore, a risk model was developed and validated based on the OSRGs, and findings indicated that the risk model exhibits good prediction and diagnosis values for LUAD patients. CONCLUSION The risk model based on the oxidative stress could act as an effective prognostic tool for LUAD patients. Our findings provided novel genetic biomarkers for prognosis prediction and personalized clinical treatment for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhuang Liu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Baorong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiyi Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Liusheng Wu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Kelin Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao W, Zhuang P, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhong M, Lun Y. "Double-edged sword" effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor development and carcinogenesis. Physiol Res 2023; 72:301-307. [PMID: 37449744 PMCID: PMC10669002 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small reactive molecules produced by cellular metabolism and regulate various physiological and pathological functions. Many studies have shown that ROS plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibition of tumor cells. Different concentrations of ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect on the occurrence and development of tumors. A certain concentration of ROS can activate growth-promoting signals, enhance the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, and cause damage to biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, ROS can enhance the body's antitumor signal at higher levels by initiating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. This review analyzes ROS's unique bidirectional regulation mechanism on tumor cells, focusing on the key signaling pathways and regulatory factors that ROS affect the occurrence and development of tumors and providing ideas for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of ROS action and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, China.
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Rafat S, Hakami MA, Hazazi A, Alsaiari AA, Rashid S, Hasan MR, Aloliqi AA, Eisa AA, Dar MI, Khan MF, Dev K. Inhibition of Autophagy and the Cytoprotective Role of Smac Mimetic against ROS-Induced Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Relapse and Chemoresistance Cases in Breast Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5752-5764. [PMID: 37504279 PMCID: PMC10378261 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With more than a million deaths each year, breast cancer is the top cause of death in women. Around 70% of breast cancers are hormonally responsive. Although several therapeutic options exist, cancer resistance and recurrence render them inefficient and insufficient. The major key reason behind this is the failure in the regulation of the cell death mechanism. In addition, ROS was also found to play a major role in this problem. The therapeutic benefits of Smac mimetic compound (SMC) BV6 on MCF7 were examined in the current study. Treatment with BV6 reduces viability and induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells. BV6 suppresses autophagy and has demonstrated a defensive role in cancer cells against oxidative stress caused by H2O2. Overall, the present investigation shows that SMC has therapeutic and cytoprotective potential against oxidative stress in cancer cells. These Smac mimetic compounds may be used as anti-cancer drugs as well as antioxidants alone or in conjunction with other commonly used antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rafat
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raghibul Hasan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Aloliqi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abdulaziz Eisa
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Faisal Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Huang TY, Yang CK, Chen MY, Yadav VK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Cherng YG. Furanocoumarin Notopterol: Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis through Suppression of Cancer Stemness Signaling and Induction of Oxidative Stress-Associated Cell Death. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112447. [PMID: 37299411 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Cumulative evidence suggests critical roles for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in chronic liver diseases. However, the role of ER stress in HCC pathogenesis, aggressiveness and therapy response remains unclear and understudied. OBJECTIVES Against this background, the present study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and feasibility of notopterol (NOT), a furanocoumarin and principal component of Notopterygium incisum, in the modulation of ER stress and cancer stemness, and the subsequent effect on liver oncogenicity. METHODS An array of biomolecular methods including Western blot, drug cytotoxicity, cell motility, immunofluorescence, colony and tumorsphere formation, flow-cytometric mitochondrial function, GSH/GSSG ratio, and tumor xenograft ex vivo assays were used in the study. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrated that NOT significantly suppresses the viability, migration, and invasion capacity of the human HCC HepJ5 and Mahlavu cell lines by disrupting ATF4 expression, inhibiting JAK2 activation, and downregulating the GPX1 and SOD1 expression in vitro. NOT also markedly suppressed the expression of vimentin (VIM), snail, b-catenin, and N-cadherin in the HCC cells, dose-dependently. Treatment with NOT significantly attenuated cancer stem cells (CSCs)-like phenotypes, namely colony and tumorsphere formation, with the concomitant downregulation of stemness markers OCT4, SOX2, CD133, and upregulated PARP-1 cleavage, dose-dependently. We also demonstrated that NOT anticancer activity was strongly associated with increased cellular reactive oxidative stress (ROS) but, conversely, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and function in the HepJ5 and Mahlavu cells in vitro. Our tumor xenograft studies showed that compared with sorafenib, NOT elicited greater tumor growth suppression without adverse changes in mice body weights. Compared with the untreated control and sorafenib-treated mice, NOT-treated mice exhibited markedly greater apoptosis ex vivo, and this was associated with the co-suppression of stemness and drug-resistance markers OCT4, SOX2, ALDH1, and the upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress factors PERK and CHOP. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that NOT exhibits strong anticancer activity via the suppression of cancer stemness, enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased oxidative stress thus projecting NOT as a potentially effective therapeutic agent against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Yang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
- Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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Huang T, Zhang K, Wang J, He K, Zhou X, Nie S. Quercetin Alleviates Acrylamide-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7427-7439. [PMID: 37134181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) generated in carbohydrate-rich foods during thermal processing has been demonstrated to exhibit hepatotoxicity. As one of the most consumed flavonoids with diet, quercetin (QCT) possesses the ability to protect against ACR-induced toxicity, albeit its mechanism is unclear. Herein, we discovered that QCT alleviated ACR-induced elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), AST, and ALT in mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that QCT reversed the ferroptosis signaling pathway upregulated by ACR. Subsequently, experiments indicated that QCT inhibited ACR-induced ferroptosis through the reduction of oxidative stress. With autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, we further confirmed that QCT suppressed ACR-induced ferroptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress-driven autophagy. Additionally, QCT specifically reacted with autophagic cargo receptor NCOA4, blocked the degradation of iron storage protein FTH1, and eventually downregulated the intracellular iron levels and the consequent ferroptosis. Collectively, our results presented a unique approach to alleviate ACR-induced liver injury by targeting ferroptosis with QCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kaihong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Si Z, Yang G, Wang X, Yu Z, Pang Q, Zhang S, Qian L, Ruan Y, Huang J, Yu L. An unconventional cancer-promoting function of methamphetamine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201660. [PMID: 36669783 PMCID: PMC9873983 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past decade, the prevalence and mortality of methamphetamine (METH) use have doubled, suggesting that METH use could be the next substance use crisis worldwide. Ingested METH is transformed into other products in the liver, a major metabolic organ. Studies have revealed that METH causes deleterious inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and extensive DNA damage. These pathological damages are driving factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the potential role of METH in HCC and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we found a higher HCC incidence in METH abusers. METH promoted cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in two human-derived HCC cells. Consistently, METH uptake promoted HCC progression in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, METH exposure induced ROS production, which activated the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Clearance of ROS by NAC suppressed METH-induced activation of Ras/ERK1/2 pathways, leading to arrest of HCC xenograft formation in nude mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to substantiate that METH promotes HCC progression and inhibition of ROS may reverse this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - GuanJun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Xidi Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Yu
- Department of Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qian Pang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | | | - Liyin Qian
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yuer Ruan
- Department of Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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12
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Han F, Cao D, Zhu X, Shen L, Wu J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Xu L, Cheng X, Zhang Y. Construction and validation of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma: Inflammatory ferroptosis and mitochondrial metabolism indicate a poor prognosis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:972434. [PMID: 36686830 PMCID: PMC9850107 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of innovations have been discovered for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or commonly called HCC) therapy, Ferroptosis and mitochondrial metabolism are essential mechanisms of cell death. These pathways may act as functional molecular biomarkers that could have important clinical significance for determining individual differences and the prognosis of HCC. The aim of this study was to construct a stable and reliable comprehensive model of genetic features and clinical factors associated with HCC prognosis. Methods In this study, we used RNA-sequencing (fragments per kilobase of exon model per million reads mapped value) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to establish a prognostic model. We enrolled 104 patients for further validation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses (KEGG) analysis were used for the functional study of differentially expressed genes. Pan-cancer analysis was performed to evaluate the function of the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). Thirteen genes were identified by univariate and least absolute contraction and selection operation (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. The prognostic model was visualized using a nomogram. Results We found that eight genes, namely EZH2, GRPEL2, PIGU, PPM1G, SF3B4, TUBG1, TXNRD1 and NDRG1, were hub genes for HCC and differentially expressed in most types of cancer. EZH2, GRPEL2 and NDRG1 may indicate a poor prognosis of HCC as verified by tissue samples. Furthermore, a gene set variation analysis algorithm was created to analyze the relationship between these eight genes and oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and FeS-containing proteins, and it showed that ferroptosis might affect inflammatory-related pathways in HCC. Conclusion EZH2, GRPEL2, NDRG1, and the clinical factor of tumor size, were included in a nomogram for visualizing a prognostic model of HCC. This nomogram based on a functional study and verification by clinical samples, shows a reliable performance of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, Shaoxing Peoples’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianqiang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clincal Dept. Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youyao Xu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clincal Dept. Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linwei Xu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clincal Dept. Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Yuhua Zhang,
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13
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Kocpinar EF, Baltaci NG, Akkemik E, Budak H. Depletion of Tip60/Kat5 affects the hepatic antioxidant system in mice. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:103-117. [PMID: 36377816 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tat-interactive protein 60 kDa (TIP60, also known as lysine acetyltransferase 5 [KAT5]) is a member of the MYST protein family with histone acetyltransferase activity. Recent studies have reported that TIP60 has multiple functions in many signal transduction mechanisms, especially p53-mediated apoptosis. Although the activation of apoptosis signaling pathways requires the presence of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a certain level, an imbalance between the production and consumption of ROS in cells results in oxidative stress (OS). In this study, we investigated for the first time how the absence of the Tip60 gene in the liver affects gene expression, enzyme activity, and protein expression of the hepatic antioxidant members localized in the cytoplasm, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). First, we successfully generated liver-specific Tip60 knockout mice (mutants) using Cre/LoxP recombination. The reduced glutathione level and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, a marker of OS, increased significantly in the Tip60 mutant liver. Gene expression, activity, and protein expression of the enzymatic antioxidant system, including SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, and GST were investigated in mutants and control groups. Despite a significant correlation between the gene, enzyme activity, and protein content for CAT and GR, this was not true for SOD and GPx. The overall results suggest that TIP60 acts on the hepatic antioxidant system both at the gene and protein levels, but the actual effect of the deletion of Tip60 is observed at the protein level, especially for SOD and GPx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.,Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Muş Alparslan University, Mus, Türkiye
| | - Nurdan Gonul Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Akkemik
- Department of Engineering, Food Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.,Department of Genes and Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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Wang G, Chen X, Shao Y, Xu B. PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy Participates in H 2O 2-Induced Abnormal Proliferation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1271-1282. [PMID: 36993991 PMCID: PMC10042253 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s398690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in H2O2-induced abnormal proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Methods Firstly, we isolated fibroblast like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) from RA patients. H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and NAC (a ROS inhibitor) or FCCP (a mitochondrial autophagy activator) treatment inhibited ROS level or activate mitochondrial autophagy in RA-FLS. MitoSOX Red, JC-1 kit, DCFH-DA kit and CCK8 kit were used to evaluate mitochondrial redox status, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS level and cell activity, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression. The rat model of Freund's complete adjuvant arthritis (AA) was established and treated with NAC and FCCP, respectively. The pathological changes of synovium and the percentage of apoptotic cells in synovium were detected by H&E and TUNEL staining, respectively. Results We have successfully isolated synovial cells from RA patients. Using 5μM H2O2 to stimulate RA-FLS could induce mitochondrial abnormalities of RA-FLS and inhibit RA-FLS autophagy. FCCP could reverse the effect of H2O2 on RA-FLS cell proliferation and apoptosis. NAC could reverse the effect of H2O2 on PINK1/Parkin. Overexpression of PINK1 or Parkin reversed the effect of H2O2 on RA-FLS mitochondrial autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. The in vivo experiment results showed that both NAC and FCCP could prevent the pathogenesis of RA, reduce RA-FLS cell viability and increase RA-FLS cell apoptosis. Conclusion The PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy participates in H2O2-induced abnormal proliferation of RA-FLS, and targeting of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy may be the key mechanism in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bin Xu, Email
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15
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Fan G, Li F, Wang P, Jin X, Liu R. Natural-Product-Mediated Autophagy in the Treatment of Various Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315109. [PMID: 36499429 PMCID: PMC9739742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis, and autophagic malfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of substantial liver diseases. As a popular source of drug discovery, natural products have been used for centuries to effectively prevent the progression of various liver diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that autophagy regulation is a critical mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of these natural products. In this review, relevant studies are retrieved from scientific databases published between 2011 and 2022, and a novel scoring system was established to critically evaluate the completeness and scientific significance of the reviewed literature. We observed that numerous natural products were suggested to regulate autophagic flux. Depending on the therapeutic or pathogenic role autophagy plays in different liver diseases, autophagy-regulative natural products exhibit different therapeutic effects. According to our novel scoring system, in a considerable amount of the involved studies, convincing and reasonable evidence to elucidate the regulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of natural-product-mediated autophagy regulation was missing and needed further illustration. We highlight that autophagy-regulative natural products are valuable drug candidates with promising prospects for the treatment of liver diseases and deserve more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuejing Jin
- Center for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-15632374331 (X.J.); +86-10-53912122 (R.L.)
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (R.L.); Tel.: +86-15632374331 (X.J.); +86-10-53912122 (R.L.)
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16
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Prieux-Klotz C, Chédotal H, Zoumpoulaki M, Chouzenoux S, Chêne C, Lopez-Sanchez A, Thomas M, Ranjan Sahoo P, Policar C, Batteux F, Bertrand HC, Nicco C, Coriat R. A New Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Improves Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy and Global Tolerance in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12938. [PMID: 36361753 PMCID: PMC9658974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by every aerobic cell during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) are antioxidant proteins that convert superoxide anions (O2•-) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dioxygen. Using the differential in the level of oxidative stress between normal and cancer cells, SOD mimetics can show an antitumoral effect and prevent oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. New Pt(IV) conjugate prodrugs (OxPt-x-Mn1C1A (x = 1, 1-OH, 2)), combining oxaliplatin and a Mn SOD mimic (MnSODm Mn1C1A) with a covalent link, were designed. Their stability in buffer and in the presence of sodium ascorbate was studied. In vitro, their antitumoral activity was assessed by the viability and ROS production of tumor cell lines (CT16, HCT 116, KC) and fibroblasts (primary culture and NIH 3T3). In vivo, a murine model of colorectal cancer was created with subcutaneous injection of CT26 cells in Balb/c mice. Tumor size and volume were measured weekly in four groups: vehicle, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin associated with MnSODm Mn1C1A and the bis-conjugate OxPt-2-Mn1C1A. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) was assessed using a Von Frey test reflecting chronic hypoalgesia. Tolerance to treatment was assessed with a clinical score including four items: weight loss, weariness, alopecia, and diarrhea. In vitro, Mn1C1A associated with oxaliplatin and Pt(IV) conjugates treatment induced significantly higher production of H2O2 in all cell lines and showed a significant improvement of the antitumoral efficacy compared to oxaliplatin alone. In vivo, the association of Mn1C1A to oxaliplatin did not decrease its antitumoral activity, while OxPt-2-Mn1C1A had lower antitumoral activity than oxaliplatin alone. Mn1C1A associated with oxaliplatin significantly decreased OIPN and also improved global clinical tolerance of oxaliplatin. A neuroprotective effect was observed, associated with a significantly improved tolerance to oxaliplatin without impairing its antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prieux-Klotz
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Percy Military Hospital, Gastroenterology, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Henri Chédotal
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martha Zoumpoulaki
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Chêne
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alvaro Lopez-Sanchez
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Thomas
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Priya Ranjan Sahoo
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Coriat
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U 1016 CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Gastroenterology, Cochin Hospital AP-HP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
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Integrative Analysis Reveals the Potential Role and Prognostic Value of GOLM1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8284500. [PMID: 36211823 PMCID: PMC9535134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8284500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vascular invasion. How GOLM1 may be involved in angiogenesis in HCC remains unclear. We explored how GOLM1 promotes angiogenesis in HCC and potential prognostic value. Expression levels of GOLM1 in HCC patients and healthy controls were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC patients and controls were compared. GOLM1 was knocked out in the HCC cell line, and RNA sequencing and DEG expression analysis were performed compared with control cells. Based on TCGA data and cell line RNA sequencing data, DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1 were identified. Subsequently, enrichment analysis was performed to explore the functions and pathways of the DEGs affected by a high expression of GOLM1. A relevant network analysis was built. Cox regression, genomic variance analysis scores, minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and random forest regression models were applied to determine the best prognostic model and validated using the GSE54236 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We determined the effect of GOLM1 expression on immune cell infiltration in liver cancer. GOLM1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with controls, and its level correlated with tumor purity and prognosis. 400 DEGs affected by highly expressed GOLM1 were identified in TCGA and cell line RNA sequencing data. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs may be related to biological processes of oxidative stress and angiogenesis and involved in the VEGF signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. We predicted a comprehensive regulatory network in which GOLM1 activated VEGF signaling to promote HCC angiogenesis. GOLM1 may interact with E2F1 and IGF2BP3 to promote angiogenesis. GOLM1 overexpression was associated with greater immune cell infiltration. A random forest regression model was the best prognostic model. Our study reveals a potential molecular mechanism of GOLM1 in promoting HCC. We developed two prognostic models based on DEG associated with GOLM1 overexpression to help stratify HCC prognosis and improve individualized treatment.
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Suppressive Effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis Ethanolic Extract on Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Promoting Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070826. [PMID: 35890125 PMCID: PMC9351687 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Siegesbeckia orientalis (SO) has a suppressive effect on the growth and migration of endometrial and cervical cancer cells. The present study examined the effect of SO ethanolic extract (SOE) on the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and examined the effects of SOE on non-cancerous cells using HaCaT keratinocytes as a model. The SOE effectively inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 (IC50 = 282.4 μg/mL) and HepG2 (IC50 = 344.3 μg/mL) hepatoma cells, whereas it has less cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells (IC50 = 892.4 μg/mL). The SOE treatment increased the generation of ROS in HCC, but decreased the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. In contrast, it reduced intracellular ROS formation and upregulated the expression of the related antioxidant enzymes in the H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells. The SOE intervention also down-regulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the migration-related proteins including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and β-catenin in the HCC, suggesting that SOE could promote HCC apoptosis and inhibit HCC migration. On the contrary, it reduced apoptosis and promoted the migration of the keratinocytes. Additionally, the SOE treatment significantly up-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in Hepa1-6 and HepG2 cells. Conversely, it significantly decreased the expression of these cytokines in the H2O2-induced HaCaT cells. These findings indicated that SOE treatment can delay the progression of HCC by increasing oxidative stress, promoting inflammatory response, inducing cancer cell apoptosis and inhibiting their migration. It also has protective effects from pro-oxidant H2O2 in non-cancerous cells. Therefore, SOE may provide a potential treatment for liver cancer.
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Rafat S, Dar MI, Sunita K, Khan S, Verma AK, Ahmad F, Dev K. Therapeutic potential and protective effect against induced ROS and autophagy inhibition of AT101 compound in human breast cancer cell line MCF7. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aziz SGG, Pourheydar B, Chodari L, Hamidifar F. Effect of exercise and curcumin on cardiomyocyte molecular mediators associated with oxidative stress and autophagy in aged male rats. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104380. [PMID: 35597271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aging can origin changes in the heart that may increase risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to characterize autophagy alterations and related molecular mediators in the heart tissue in the aging alone or in combination with exercise and curcumin treatment. METHODS Seven young and twenty-eight elderly male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups, namely: young control, age, exercise, curcumin, and curcumin+exercise. Aged rats in exercise group run on treadmill (17 m/min) and in the curcumin group received curcumin (50 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 8 weeks for 2 months. At the end, heart samples were collected and used for determination of autophagy by immunostaining for LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II), apoptosis by TUNEL assay, Malondialdehyde (MDA) level by enzymatic assay and determination of mediators' molecules by ELISA for NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p-NF-Ƙb) protein levels and Sequestosome-1 (P62). Also, histological changes such as fibrosis evaluated by Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS Our results showed that autophagy, SIRT-1 level were significantly decreased and MDA, NOX4, p-NF-Ƙb and P62 levels were significantly increased in heart of aged group compared to young group. Also, significant increased apoptosis and fibrosis levels in the heart of aged rats were observed compared with young rats, whereas, these undesirable changes were improved by exercise and curcumin. Also, combination therapy of aged rats with curcumin and exercise showed more significant prominent effect on molecular mediators and histological changes in the heart compared with monotherapy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that stress oxidative increase and autophagy decrease in the heart tissue of aged rats. The age induced the mentioned changes in the heart may in part be associated with down-expression of SIRT-1 and overexpression of NOX4 proteins. It was also showed that these age induced effects can be alleviated by treatment with exercise and curcumin. Since NF-Ƙb increased in both the age and treatment groups, it seems the age heart increased NF-Ƙb to be due to a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Farhad Hamidifar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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21
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Autophagy Ameliorates Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Platelet Storage Lesions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1898844. [PMID: 36046681 PMCID: PMC9423982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1898844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelet transfusion is a life-saving therapy to prevent bleeding; however, the availability of platelets for transfusion is limited by the markedly short shelf life owing to the development of platelet storage lesions (PSLs). The mechanism of PSLs remains obscure. Dissection of the intracellular biological changes in stored platelets may help to reduce PSLs and improve platelet transfusion efficiency. In the present study, we explore the changes of stored platelets at room temperature under constant agitation. We found that platelets during storage showed an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation accompanied with receptor shedding, apoptosis, and diminished platelet aggregation. ROS scavenger reduced platelet shedding but also impaired platelet aggregation. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that sequesters protein aggregates and damaged organelles into lysosomes for degradation and platelets’ own intact autophagic system. We revealed that there exist a stable autophagic flux in platelets at the early stage of storage, and the autophagic flux in platelets perished after long-term storage. Treatment stored platelets with rapamycin, which stimulates autophagy in eukaryotic cells, markedly ameliorated PSLs, and improved platelet aggregation in response to extracellular stimuli.
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Xu Q, Chen X, Yu T, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Wang H, Huang W, Huang T, Liang F. Downregulation of VAP-1 in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis via NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reduces neutrophil infiltration. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:332-341. [PMID: 35174543 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is believed to play a role in inflammation. Studies have suggested that VAP-1-mediated activation of inflammation is dependent on NF-κB, leading to secretion of the interleukin(IL)-8; however, no reports have addressed the association between VAP-1 and NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the role of VAP-1 in OSCC and further explore whether VAP-1 is involved in the regulation of neutrophil infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Immunochemistry staining was used to observe VAP-1 expression. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to measure cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. OSCC xenograft mouse models were used for in vivo verification of the VAP-1 function. The expression of NF-κB and IL-8 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. ELISA for IL-8 was also conducted. The relationship between VAP-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS VAP-1 was overexpressed in human OSCC tissues. Downregulation of VAP-1 suppressed OSCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, downregulation of VAP-1 inhibited NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in vitro and in vivo. VAP-1 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration in human OSCC tissues. Moreover, blocking VAP-1 decreased neutrophil infiltration by reducing IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS VAP-1 downregulation in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reducing neutrophil infiltration in the TME, suggesting that VAP-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qinchao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wanqian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tianjing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Feixin Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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23
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Gautam G, Parveen B, Umar Khan M, Sharma I, Kumar Sharma A, Parveen R, Ahmad S. A systematic review on nephron protective AYUSH drugs as constituents of NEERI-KFT (A traditional Indian polyherbal formulation) for the management of chronic kidney disease. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6441-6453. [PMID: 34764761 PMCID: PMC8568826 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major health problem characterized by kidney dysfunction with progressive segmental glomerulosclerosis to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to lack of scientific data and comprehensive reports, the current systematic review provides an inclusive understanding and prospective associated with phytopharmacology of NEERI-KFT in CKD. The data was collected from more than five databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Springer, ACS publication etc using keywords like CKD/Kidney disease, epidemiology/prevalence, modern therapies for CKD management, NEERI-KFT and its role in kidney disease. The study was performed based on scientific reports screened by experts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pre-clinical and clinical findings suggested that NEERI-KFT has promising effects as nephroprotective and considered safe and well effective in primary care of kidney against disease. Phytopharmacological evaluation of NEERI-KFT suggest that it exhibit substantial potential against oxidative and inflammatory stress induced apoptosis by exerting antioxidants, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Hence, it can be enlighten that NEERI-KFT have potential herbs which exerts significant antioxidants, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in the patients associated with renal dysfunction or CKD thus improving altered renal architecture and renal physiology. Clinically, it is concluded that NEERI-KFT works kidney malfunction and cease ESRD progression or even reduce the number of dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gautam
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ikshit Sharma
- AIMIL Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, Saini Majra, Ropar Nalagarh Rd, Tehsil Nalagarh, Solan District, H.P 174101, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- AIMIL Pharmaceuticals (India) Ltd, Saini Majra, Ropar Nalagarh Rd, Tehsil Nalagarh, Solan District, H.P 174101, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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24
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Castelli S, De Falco P, Ciccarone F, Desideri E, Ciriolo MR. Lipid Catabolism and ROS in Cancer: A Bidirectional Liaison. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215484. [PMID: 34771647 PMCID: PMC8583096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer cell metabolism was mainly considered to rely on glycolysis, with the concomitant impairment of mitochondrial metabolism, it has recently been demonstrated that several tumor types are sustained by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In this context, endogenous fatty acids (FAs) deriving from lipolysis or lipophagy are oxidised into the mitochondrion, and are used as a source of energy through OXPHOS. Because the electron transport chain is the main source of ROS, cancer cells relying on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) need to be equipped with antioxidant systems that maintain the ROS levels under the death threshold. In those conditions, ROS can act as second messengers, favouring proliferation and survival. Herein, we highlight the different responses that tumor cells adopt when lipid catabolism is augmented, taking into account the different ROS fates. Many papers have demonstrated that the pro- or anti-tumoral roles of endogenous FA usage are hugely dependent on the tumor type, and on the capacity of cancer cells to maintain redox homeostasis. In light of this, clinical studies have taken advantage of the boosting of lipid catabolism to increase the efficacy of tumor therapy, whereas, in other contexts, antioxidant compounds are useful to reduce the pro-survival effects of ROS deriving from FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Pamela De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (P.D.F.); (E.D.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via Della Pisana 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Synthetic Tryptanthrin Derivatives Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via Akt and MAPKs in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111527. [PMID: 34829756 PMCID: PMC8615277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trytanthrin, found in Ban-Lan-Gen, is a natural product containing an indoloquinazoline moiety and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. Chronic inflammation and hepatitis B are known to be associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, a series of tryptanthrin derivatives were synthesized to generate potent anti-tumor agents against HCC. This effort yielded two compounds, A1 and A6, that exhibited multi-fold higher cytotoxicity in HCC cells than the parent compound. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that A1 and A6 caused S-phase arrest and downregulated the expression of cyclin A1, B1, CDK2, and p-CDC2. In addition to inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis, A1 and A6 exhibited similar regulation of the phosphorylation or expression of multiple signaling targets, including Akt, NF-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. The anti-tumor activities of A1 and A6 were also attributable to the generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by an increase in p-p53 levels. Therefore, A1 and A6 have potential clinical applications since they target diverse aspects of cancer cell growth in HCC.
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26
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Bian J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Qin H, Yang W, Cui R, Sheng J. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713721. [PMID: 34589426 PMCID: PMC8473831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by modifying processes including but not limited to redox homeostasis, metabolism, and the cell death pathway. These processes depend on the health status of the mitochondria. Quality control processes in mitochondria can repair or eliminate “unhealthy mitochondria” at the molecular, organelle, or cellular level and form an efficient integrated network that plays an important role in HCC tumorigenesis, patient survival, and tumor progression. Here, we review the influence of mitochondria on the biological behavior of HCC. Based on this information, we further highlight the need for determining the role and mechanism of interaction between different levels of mitochondrial quality control in regulating HCC occurrence and progression as well as resistance development. This information may lead to the development of precision medicine approaches against targets involved in various mitochondrial quality control-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinda Bian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Zaccaria A, Antinori P, Licker V, Kövari E, Lobrinus JA, Burkhard PR. Multiomic Analyses of Dopaminergic Neurons Isolated from Human Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Descriptive and Exploratory Study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2805-2818. [PMID: 34528139 PMCID: PMC9561004 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) selectively and progressively degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Until now, molecular analyses of DA in PD have been limited to genomic or transcriptomic approaches, whereas, to the best of our knowledge, no proteomic or combined multiomic study examining the protein profile of these neurons is currently available. In this exploratory study, we used laser capture microdissection to extract regions from DA in 10 human SNpc obtained at autopsy in PD patients and control subjects. Extracted RNA and proteins were identified by RNA sequencing and nanoliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively, and the differential expression between PD and control group was assessed. Qualitative analyses confirmed that the microdissection protocol preserves the integrity of our samples and offers access to specific molecular pathways. This multiomic analysis highlighted differential expression of 52 genes and 33 proteins, including molecules of interest already known to be dysregulated in PD, such as LRP2, PNMT, CXCR4, MAOA and CBLN1 genes, or the Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 protein. On the other hand, despite the same samples were used for both analyses, correlation between RNA and protein expression was low, as exemplified by the CST3 gene encoding for the cystatin C protein. This is the first exploratory study analyzing both gene and protein expression of laser-dissected neuronal parts from SNpc in PD. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD024748 and via GEO with identifier GSE 169755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affif Zaccaria
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Antinori
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Licker
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre R Burkhard
- Neuroproteomics Group, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sharma N, Biswas S, Al-Dayan N, Alhegaili AS, Sarwat M. Antioxidant Role of Kaempferol in Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1419. [PMID: 34573051 PMCID: PMC8470426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are noxious to cells because their increased level interacts with the body's defense mechanism. These species also cause mutations and uncontrolled cell division, resulting in oxidative stress (OS). Prolonged oxidative stress is responsible for incorrect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing a stressful condition, ER stress. These cellular stresses (oxidative stress and ER stress) are well-recognized biological factors that play a prominent role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a critical global health problem and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The application of anti-oxidants from herbal sources significantly reduces oxidative stress. Kaempferol (KP) is a naturally occurring, aglycone dietary flavonoid that is present in various plants (Crocus sativus, Coccinia grandis, Euphorbia pekinensis, varieties of Aloe vera, etc.) It is capable of interacting with pleiotropic proteins of the human body. Efforts are in progress to develop KP as a potential candidate to prevent HCC with no adverse effects. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of KP for treating HCC, targeting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Noura Al-Dayan
- Medical Laboratory Department, Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-D.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Alaa Saud Alhegaili
- Medical Laboratory Department, Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-D.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Maryam Sarwat
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India;
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Interplay of autophagy and cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3695-3717. [PMID: 33893928 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. The most common type of liver cancers is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is the cellular digestion of harmful components by sequestering the waste products into autophagosomes followed by lysosomal degradation for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The impairment of autophagy is highly associated with the development and progression of HCC although autophagy may be involved in tumour-suppressing cellular events. In regards to its protecting role, autophagy also shelters the cells from anoikis- a programmed cell death in anchorage-dependent cells detached from the surrounding extracellular matrix which facilitates metastasis in HCC. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) have the ability for self-renewal and differentiation and are associated with the development and progression of HCC by regulating stemness, resistance and angiogenesis. Interestingly, autophagy is also known to regulate normal stem cells by promoting cellular survival and differentiation and maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the basal autophagic mechanisms and double-faceted roles of autophagy as both tumour suppressor and tumour promoter in HCC, as well as its association with and contribution to self-renewal and differentiation of LCSCs.
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Xinmailong Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in H9c2 Cells via HO-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5896931. [PMID: 33854694 PMCID: PMC8019640 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5896931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by its cardiotoxicity, which is closely associated with oxidative stress. Xinmailong (XML) is a bioactive peptide extracted from American cockroaches, which has been mainly applied to treat chronic heart failure in China. Our previous study showed that XML attenuates DOX-induced oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of XML in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in all cell types, has been found to take antioxidant effects in many cardiovascular diseases, and its expression is protectively upregulated under DOX treatment. Lysosome and autophagy are closely involved in oxidative stress as well. It is still unknown whether XML could attenuate doxorubicin-induced lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells via HO-1. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the involvement of HO-1-mediated lysosomal function and autophagy flux in DOX-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cells. Our results showed that XML treatment markedly increased cell proliferation and SOD activity, improved lysosomal function, and ameliorated autophagy flux block in DOX-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, XML significantly increased HO-1 expression following DOX treatment. Importantly, HO-1-specific inhibitor (Znpp) or HO-1 siRNA could significantly attenuate the protective effects of XML against DOX-induced cell injury, oxidative stress, lysosomal dysfunction, and autophagy flux block. These results suggest that XML protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through HO-1-mediated recovery of lysosomal function and autophagy flux and decreases oxidative stress, providing a novel mechanism responsible for the protection of XML against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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ROS-dependent HIF1α activation under forced lipid catabolism entails glycolysis and mitophagy as mediators of higher proliferation rate in cervical cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:94. [PMID: 33706793 PMCID: PMC7948341 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background In the last decades, the concept of metabolic rewiring as a cancer hallmark has been expanded beyond the “Warburg effect” and the importance of other metabolic routes, including lipid metabolism, has emerged. In cancer, lipids are not only a source of energy but are also required for the formation of membranes building blocks, signaling and post-translational modification of proteins. Since lipid metabolism contributes to the malignancy of cancer cells, it is an attractive target for therapeutic strategies. Methods Over-expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) was used to boost lipid catabolism in cervical cancer cells. The cervical cancer cell line HeLa was employed as the primary experimental model for all subsequent studies. The lipolytic activity of ATGL was mimicked by caproate, a short-chain fatty acid that is efficiently oxidized in mitochondria. Results Here, we provide evidence of the association between boosted lipid catabolism and the increased proliferation and migration capability of cervical cancer cells. These pro-tumoral effects were ascribed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) triggered by the increased mitochondrial fatty acids (FAs) oxidation. HIF1α activation increases glycolytic flux and lactate production, promoting cell proliferation. At the same time, HIF1α increases protein and mRNA levels of its known target BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), which in turn activates mitophagy as a pro-survival process, as demonstrated by the induction of apoptosis upon inhibition of mitophagy. These effects were mimicked by the short-chain fatty acid caproate, confirming that forcing lipid catabolism results in HIF1α induction. Conclusions Boosting lipid catabolism by ATGL over-expression has a pro-tumor role in cervical cancer cells, dependent on ROS production and HIF1α induction. Together with the bioinformatics evidence of the correlation of ATGL activity with the aggressiveness of cervical cancer cells, our data suggest that ATGL could be a promising prognostic marker for cervical cancer and highlight the need of further investigations on the role of this lipase in cancer cells. This evidence could be exploited to develop new personalized therapy, based on the functionality of the antioxidant equipment of cancer cells, considering that ROS content could affect ATGL role. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01887-w.
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Ciccarone F, De Falco P, Ciriolo MR. Aconitase 2 sensitizes MCF-7 cells to cisplatin eliciting p53-mediated apoptosis in a ROS-dependent manner. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114202. [PMID: 32818504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aconitase 2 (ACO2) belongs to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which represents a key metabolic hub for cellular metabolism that is frequently altered in cancer for satisfying bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements of proliferating cells. The promotion of ACO2 activity in breast cancer cell lines was shown to slow down proliferation imposing a switch from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative metabolism. The alteration of metabolic pathways in cancer also impinges on the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic interventions. In this work, we evidence that the presence of ACO2 sensitizes cells to the treatment with the genotoxic agents cisplatin (CDDP) and doxorubicin activating the apoptotic cell death mechanism. This response was driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following both ACO2 overexpression and CDDP exposure that permit the stabilization/activation of p53 in nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, our results highlight that in ACO2 overexpressing cells the promotion of mitochondrial metabolism accounts for increased ROS production that was buffered by p53 mitochondrial recruitment and autophagy induction. However, these systems are not able to counteract the CDDP-mediated oxidative stress that becomes the Achilles heel for increasing susceptibility to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
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Mossenta M, Busato D, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role and Possible Implications in Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1668. [PMID: 32585931 PMCID: PMC7352479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism is redirected to glycolysis to enhance the production of metabolic compounds employed by cancer cells to produce proteins, lipids, and nucleotides in order to maintain a high proliferative rate. This mechanism drives towards uncontrolled growth and causes a further increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to cell death. HCC overcomes the problem generated by ROS increase by increasing the antioxidant machinery, in which key mechanisms involve glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α). These mechanisms could represent optimal targets for innovative therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a key role in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Various metabolic machineries modulate the activity of immune cells in the TME. The deregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells could impair antitumor response. Lactic acid-lactate, derived from the anaerobic glycolytic rate of tumor cells, as well as adenosine, derived from the catabolism of ATP, have an immunosuppressive activity. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME via targeted therapies could enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the metabolic pathways mainly involved in the HCC pathogenesis and progression. The potential targets for HCC treatment involved in these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
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Sobhanimonfared F, Bamdad T, Roohvand F. Cross talk between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and HCV replication. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1889-1898. [PMID: 32448963 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption exacerbates the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and aggravates disease consequences in alcohol-abusing patients. Although the exact reasons by which alcohol consumption affects several cellular pathways in liver cells are not clear, they might be partially attributed to the ability of alcohol to further suppress the innate immunity, modulation of autophagy and also its relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. To evaluate these issues, Huh7 cells harboring HCV replicon and Cytochrome p450 (CYP2E1) plasmid were exposed to ethanol and mRNA expression of Beclin-1, interferon-stimulated gene15 (ISG15) genes and HCV NS5B for two different times were relatively quantitated. ROS was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that alcohol treatment in a short time caused an increase in HCV NS5B and Beclin-1 mRNA and decreased ISG 15 mRNA. Long-lasting alcohol treatment increased ROS production in Huh-7 cells and HCV replication was reduced. In conclusion, acute alcohol treatment might contribute to increase HCV replication by interference in innate immunity and induction of autophagy. Chronic alcohol treatment caused oxidative stress, which disrupts autophagy and thereby increased the rate of Huh7 cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sobhanimonfared
- Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taravat Bamdad
- Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Bailly C. Molecular and cellular basis of the anticancer activity of the prenylated flavonoid icaritin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109124. [PMID: 32437694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prenylated flavonoid icaritin (ICT) is currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trial for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), based on a solid array of preclinical and clinical data. The antitumor activity originates from the capacity of the drug to modulate several signaling effectors in cancer cells, mainly the estrogen receptor splice variant ERα36, the transcription factors STAT3 and NFκB, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Recent studies have implicated additional components, including different microRNAs, the generation of reactive oxygen species and the targeting of sphingosine kinase-1. ICT also engages the RAGE-HMGB1 signaling route and modulates the apoptosis/autophagy crosstalk to promote its anticancer activity. In addition, ICT exerts profound changes on the tumor microenvironment to favor an immune-response. Collectively, these multiple biochemical and cellular characteristics confer to ICT a robust activity profile which can be exploited to treat HCC, as well as other cancers, including glioblastoma and onco-hematological diseases such as chronic myeloid leukemia. This review provides an update of the pharmacological properties of ICT and its metabolic characteristics. It also addresses the design of derivatives, including both natural products and synthetic molecules, such as SNG1153 also in clinical trial. The prenylated flavonoid ICT deserves attention as a multifunctional natural product potentially useful to improve the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang H, Yu J, Zu X, Xie Z, Yang X, Hu J, Tan F, Li Q, Lei X. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in autophagy-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:1-8. [PMID: 32109431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, is the most important pathogenic events in the development and progression of liver diseases. Deregulation of Nrf2 is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as oxidative stress, impaired autophagy is accompanied by the Nrf2 activation that leads to the detrimental effects favoring the proliferation and survival of HCC. Elucidating its role and potential mechanism is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective clinical application. Nrf2 is participated in HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through autophagy pathways. These includes the negatively regulated-Nrf2 by Keap1 that participates in HCC tumorigenesis via regulating ROS production, in which autophagy may contribute to oxidant metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells. Post-transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nrf2, can be positively or negatively induced by multiple transcription factors. Nrf2 exhibits chemoresistance through its binding sites in the promoter region of the target genes. Nrf2 may be a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics, prognostics and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Huifang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Fang Tan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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Geng N, Jin Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Bai H. AKR1B10 Inhibitor Epalrestat Facilitates Sorafenib-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1246-1256. [PMID: 32547320 PMCID: PMC7294918 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the standard systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and improving its therapeutic effects is crucial for addressing cancer aggression. We previously reported that epalrestat, an aldo-keto reductase 1B10 inhibitor, enhanced sorafenib's inhibitory effects on HCC xenograft in nude mice. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of epalrestat's anti-tumour enhancing effects on sorafenib. HepG2 cells were treated with sorafenib, epalrestat, and their combination. Cell proliferation was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. AKR1B10 supernate concentration and enzyme activity were detected by ELISA assay and the decrease of optical density of NADPH at 340 nm. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed with flow cytometry. Western blots clarified the molecular mechanism underlying effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. The anti-tumour mechanism was then validated in vivo through TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining of HCC xenograft sections. Epalrestat combined with sorafenib inhibited HepG2 cellular proliferation in vitro, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1, and promoted apoptosis and autophagy. Treatment with a specific mTOR activator MHY-1485 increased mTOR phosphorylation, while suppressing apoptosis and autophagy. Consistent with in vitro results, data from the HCC-xenograft nude mouse model also indicated that combined treatment inhibited the mTOR pathway and promoted apoptosis and autophagy. In conclusion, epalrestat heightens sorafenib's anti-cancer effects via blocking the mTOR pathway, thus inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shixuan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Ciccarone F, Di Leo L, Lazzarino G, Maulucci G, Di Giacinto F, Tavazzi B, Ciriolo MR. Aconitase 2 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells promoting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ROS/FoxO1-mediated autophagic response. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:182-193. [PMID: 31819175 PMCID: PMC7051954 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) due to mutations in specific enzymes or defective aerobic metabolism is associated with tumour growth. Aconitase 2 (ACO2) participates in the TCA cycle by converting citrate to isocitrate, but no evident demonstrations of its involvement in cancer metabolism have been provided so far. Methods Biochemical assays coupled with molecular biology, in silico, and cellular tools were applied to circumstantiate the impact of ACO2 in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 metabolism. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of NADH was used to corroborate the changes in bioenergetics. Results We showed that ACO2 levels are decreased in breast cancer cell lines and human tumour biopsies. We generated ACO2- overexpressing MCF-7 cells and employed comparative analyses to identify metabolic adaptations. We found that increased ACO2 expression impairs cell proliferation and commits cells to redirect pyruvate to mitochondria, which weakens Warburg-like bioenergetic features. We also demonstrated that the enhancement of oxidative metabolism was supported by mitochondrial biogenesis and FoxO1-mediated autophagy/mitophagy that sustains the increased ROS burst. Conclusions This work identifies ACO2 as a relevant gene in cancer metabolic rewiring of MCF-7 cells, promoting a different utilisation of pyruvate and revealing the potential metabolic vulnerability of ACO2-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Di Leo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Physics, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy. .,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, Rome, 00163, Italy.
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Varol A, Thakral F, Yerer MB, Sak K, Varol M, Jain A, Khan MA, Sethi G. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer Progression: Molecular Mechanisms and Recent Advancements. Biomolecules 2019; 9:735. [PMID: 31766246 PMCID: PMC6920770 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Punjab, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Ayşegül Varol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir TR26470, Turkey;
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India;
| | - Mukerrem Betul Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey;
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey;
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151001, India;
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Targeting Glutathione Metabolism: Partner in Crime in Anticancer Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081926. [PMID: 31426306 PMCID: PMC6724225 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the predominant low-molecular-weight antioxidant with a ubiquitous distribution inside the cell. The steady-state level of cellular GSH is dependent on the balance between synthesis, hydrolysis, recycling of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) as well as cellular extrusion of reduced, oxidized, or conjugated-forms. The augmented oxidative stress typical of cancer cells is accompanied by an increase of glutathione levels that confers them growth advantage and resistance to a number of chemotherapeutic agents. Targeting glutathione metabolism has been widely investigated for cancer treatment although GSH depletion as single therapeutic strategy has resulted largely ineffective if compared with combinatorial approaches. In this review, we circumstantiate the role of glutathione in tumour development and progression focusing on how interfering with different steps of glutathione metabolism can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. A dedicated section on synthetic lethal interactions with GSH modulators will highlight the promising option of harnessing glutathione metabolism for patient-directed therapy in cancer.
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