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Shirzadi H, Shariatmadari F, Karimi‐Torshizi MA, Masoudi AA, Rahimi S, Saba F, Zaboli G, Hedayat‐Evrigh N. Diets containing phytobiotics, l-arginine, vitamin E and captopril modulate ascites syndrome-related genes expression in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1542. [PMID: 39049705 PMCID: PMC11269884 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our hypothesis centred on the potential to mitigate ascites outbreaks in birds exposed to cold stress by inhibiting pulmonary artery contraction through dietary intervention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural and synthetic medications on growth performance, ascites-related parameters and the expression of ascites-related genes in the lung tissue of broiler chickens under low ambient temperature. METHODS We randomly assigned 450 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks to six dietary treatments across five replicate pens, each containing 15 chicks. The treatments included a basal diet (control), and the basal diet was supplemented with hydroalcoholic extracts of sumac (HES, 200 mg/kg), Syrian mesquite (HEM, 200 mg/kg), l-arginine (40% above requirement), captopril (15 mg/kg) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg). RESULTS Diets containing HEM, l-arginine and vitamin E resulted in increased average daily gain on days 8-14 and 0-28, whereas HES showed a similar effect only during days 8-14 compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). Additionally, feed additives decreased packed cell volume, left and right ventricle volumes and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, chickens fed the control and l-arginine diets exhibited higher levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in lung tissue compared to those fed HES, HEM and captopril (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with HEM and l-arginine increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in lung tissue compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) expression, feed additives increased mRNA level in lung tissue, except for captopril (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the plant extracts may reduce the incidence of ascites syndrome not only through their antioxidant properties but also by modulating the expression of ACE, iNOS and Cu/Zn-SOD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Laboratory ScienceKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Gholamreza Zaboli
- Department of Ostrich, Special Domestic Animals InstituteResearch Institute of ZabolZabolIran
| | - Nemat Hedayat‐Evrigh
- Department of Animal SciencesCollege of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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Chen B, Dong X, Zhang J, Wang W, Song Y, Sun X, Zhao K, Sun Z. Effects of oxidative stress regulation in inflammation-associated gastric cancer progression treated using traditional Chinese medicines: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36157. [PMID: 37986311 PMCID: PMC10659735 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a global public health concern that poses a serious threat to human health owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the lack of specificity of symptoms, patients with GC tend to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods is particularly urgent. Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), a precancerous GC lesion, plays a key role in its occurrence and development. Oxidative stress has been identified as an important factor driving the development and progression of the pathological processes of CAG and GC. Therefore, regulating oxidative stress pathways can not only intervene in CAG development but also prevent the occurrence and metastasis of GC and improve the prognosis of GC patients. In this study, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science were used to search for a large number of relevant studies. The review results suggested that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and TCM prescriptions could target and improve inflammation, pathological status, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells, providing a potential new supplement for the treatment of CAG and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xitong Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. Curcumin potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of Tehranolide by modulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2541-2555. [PMID: 37452228 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that natural products, such as curcumin and artemisinin, possess anti-inflammatory effects, which can be beneficial for cancer treatment. Tehranolide, as a novel natural product, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-cancer effects. However, many properties of Tehranolide, like its anti-inflammatory activity and its combination with curcumin, have not been investigated yet. This investigation examined the anti-inflammatory activity of Tehranolide, either alone or in combination with curcumin, via modulating the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3, breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS ELISA-based methods were employed to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the NF-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells. The real-time PCR experiment and Griess test were performed to evaluate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and nitrite levels, respectively. The STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways were investigated by Western blotting analysis. Tehranolide's anti-cancer activity was also assessed in a mouse model of breast cancer using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling) assay. RESULTS Tehranolide diminished levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cancer cells. Additionally, it suppressed NF-κB DNA binding and STAT3 phosphorylation, reducing iNOS gene expression and nitrite production. Moreover, Western blotting showed that Tehranolide enhanced the inhibitory κB (IκBα) and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2)-associated X (BAX) expression, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 proteins. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay demonstrated that Tehranolide induced apoptosis in a breast cancer mouse model. Curcumin potentiated all the anti-inflammatory effects of Tehranolide. CONCLUSION This investigation indicated for the first time that Tehranolide, either alone or in combination with curcumin, exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in SKOV3 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Afshari H, Noori S, Nourbakhsh M, Daraei A, Azami Movahed M, Zarghi A. A novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative and its co-administration with curcumin exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the STAT3/NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 signaling pathway in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:27618. [PMID: 38505673 PMCID: PMC10945297 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with diverse pharmacological properties and curcumin, as a potential natural anti-inflammatory compound, are promising compounds for cancer treatment. This study aimed to synthesize a novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative, (MIA), and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity and effects on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways, and their target genes, alone and in combination with curcumin, in MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cell lines. Methods We evaluated the interaction between imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ligand, curcumin, and NF-κB p50 protein, using molecular docking studies. MTT assay was used to investigate the impacts of compounds on cell viability. To evaluate the NF-κB DNA binding activity and the level of inflammatory cytokines in response to the compounds, ELISA-based methods were performed. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were carried out to analyze the expression of genes and investigate NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. Results Molecular docking studies showed that MIA docked into the NF-κB p50 subunit, and curcumin augmented its binding. The MTT assay results indicated that MIA and its combination with curcumin reduced cell viability. According to the results of the ELISA-based methods, MIA lowered the levels of inflammatory cytokines and suppressed NF-κB activity. In addition, real-time PCR and Griess test results showed that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) genes, and nitrite production were reduced by MIA. Furthermore, the western blotting analysis demonstrated that MIA increased the expression of inhibitory κB (IκBα) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X proteins (BAX), and suppressed the STAT3 phosphorylation, and Bcl-2 expression. Our findings revealed that curcumin had a potentiating role and enhanced all the anti-inflammatory effects of MIA. Conclusion This study indicated that the anti-inflammatory activity of MIA is exerted by suppressing the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Daraei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Azami Movahed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kiran A, Altaf A, Sarwar M, Malik A, Maqbool T, Ali Q. Phytochemical profiling and cytotoxic potential of Arnebia nobilis root extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma using in-vitro and in-silico approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11376. [PMID: 37452082 PMCID: PMC10349071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance and other adverse effects in available anticancer options are challenging to explore natural sources. The current study was designed to decipher the Arnebia nobilis (A. nobilis) extracts for detecting phytochemicals, in-vitro evaluation of antioxidative and cytotoxic potentials, and in-silico prediction of potent anticancer compounds. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, and cardiac glycosides, in the ethanol (ANE) and n-hexane (ANH) extracts of A. nobilis. ANH extract exhibited a better antioxidant potential to scavenge DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals than ANE extract, which showed better potential only against H2O2 radicals. In 24 h treatment, ANH extract revealed higher cytotoxicity (IC50 value: 22.77 µg/mL) than ANH extract (IC50 value: 46.74 µg/mL) on cancer (HepG2) cells without intoxicating the normal (BHK) cells using MTT assay. A better apoptotic potential was observed in ANH extract (49.10%) compared to ANE extract (41.35%) on HepG2 cells using the annexin V/PI method. GCMS analysis of ANH extract identified 35 phytocompounds, from which only 14 bioactive compounds were selected for molecular docking based on druggability criteria and toxicity filters. Among the five top scorers, deoxyshikonin exhibited the best binding affinities of - 7.2, - 9.2, - 7.2 and - 9.2 kcal/mol against TNF-α, TGF-βR1, Bcl-2 and iNOS, respectively, followed by ethyl cholate and 2-Methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)hept-2-en-4-one along with their desirable ADMET properties. The phytochemicals of ANH extract could be used as a promising drug candidate for liver cancer after further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Kiran
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sarwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ayoub AJ, El-Achkar GA, Ghayad SE, Hariss L, Haidar RH, Antar LM, Mallah ZI, Badran B, Grée R, Hachem A, Hamade E, Habib A. Fluorinated Benzofuran and Dihydrobenzofuran as Anti-Inflammatory and Potential Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10399. [PMID: 37373544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzofuran and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds are heterocycles of high value in medicinal chemistry and drug synthesis. Targeting inflammation in cancer associated with chronic inflammation is a promising therapy. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of fluorinated benzofuran and dihydrobenzofuran derivatives in macrophages and in the air pouch model of inflammation, as well as their anticancer effects in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HCT116. Six of the nine compounds suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase 2 and decreased the secretion of the tested inflammatory mediators. Their IC50 values ranged from 1.2 to 9.04 µM for interleukin-6; from 1.5 to 19.3 µM for Chemokine (C-C) Ligand 2; from 2.4 to 5.2 µM for nitric oxide; and from 1.1 to 20.5 µM for prostaglandin E2. Three novel synthesized benzofuran compounds significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase activity. Most of these compounds showed anti-inflammatory effects in the zymosan-induced air pouch model. Because inflammation may lead to tumorigenesis, we tested the effects of these compounds on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT116. Two compounds with difluorine, bromine, and ester or carboxylic acid groups inhibited the proliferation by approximately 70%. Inhibition of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and concentration-dependent cleavage of PARP-1, as well as DNA fragmentation by approximately 80%, were described. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship suggested that the biological effects of benzofuran derivatives are enhanced in the presence of fluorine, bromine, hydroxyl, and/or carboxyl groups. In conclusion, the designed fluorinated benzofuran and dihydrobenzofuran derivatives are efficient anti-inflammatory agents, with a promising anticancer effect and a combinatory treatment in inflammation and tumorigenesis in cancer microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer J Ayoub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Ghewa A El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint George University of Beirut, Achrafieh, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon
| | - Sandra E Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences II, EDST, Lebanese University, Fanar 90656, Lebanon
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Layal Hariss
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences I, PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Razan H Haidar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Leen M Antar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa I Mallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - René Grée
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ali Hachem
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences I, PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1104, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Reddy TP, Glynn SA, Billiar TR, Wink DA, Chang JC. Targeting Nitric Oxide: Say NO to Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1855-1868. [PMID: 36520504 PMCID: PMC10183809 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing targeted therapies capable of reducing cancer metastasis, targeting chemoresistant and self-renewing cancer stem cells, and augmenting the efficacy of systemic chemo/radiotherapies is vital to minimize cancer-associated mortality. Targeting nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a protein within the tumor microenvironment, has gained interest as a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic capacity and augment the efficacy of chemo/radiotherapies in various solid malignancies. Our review highlights the influence of nitric oxide (NO) in tumor progression and cancer metastasis, as well as promising preclinical studies that evaluated NOS inhibitors as anticancer therapies. Lastly, we highlight the prospects and outstanding challenges of using NOS inhibitors in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini P. Reddy
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A. Wink
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Regulation of pleiotropic physiological roles of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110496. [PMID: 36252791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible, ubiquitous signaling molecule and a free radical that is naturally synthesized by our body. The pleiotropic effects of NO in biological systems are due to its reactivity with different molecules, such as molecular oxygen (O2), superoxide anion, DNA, lipids, and proteins. There are several contradictory findings in the literature pertaining to its role in oncology. NO is a Janus-faced molecule shown to have both tumor promoting and tumoricidal effects, which depend on its concentration, duration of exposure, and location. A high concentration is shown to have cytotoxic effects by triggering apoptosis, and at a low concentration, NO promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor progression. Upregulated NO synthesis has been implicated as a causal factor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer. This dichotomous effect makes it highly challenging to discover its true potential in cancer biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which NO acts in different cancers helps to develop NO based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. This review addresses the physiological role of this molecule, with a focus on its bimodal action in various types of cancers.
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Bazak J, Korytowski W, Girotti AW. Hyper-Aggressiveness of Bystander Cells in an Anti-Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Model: Role of Nitric Oxide Produced by Targeted Cells. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:15-25. [PMID: 37824384 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
When selected tumor cells in a large in vitro population are exposed to ionizing radiation, they can send pro-survival signals to non-exposed counterparts (bystander cells). If there is no physical contact between irradiated and bystander cells, the latter respond to mediators from targeted cells that diffuse through the medium. One such mediator is known to be nitric oxide (NO). It was recently discovered that non-ionizing anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) can also elicit pro-survival/expansion bystander effects in a variety of human cancer cells. A novel silicone ring-based approach was used for distinguishing photodynamically-targeted cells from non-targeted bystanders. A key finding was that NO from upregulated iNOS in surviving targeted cells diffused to the bystanders and caused iNOS/NO upregulation there, which in turn stimulated cell proliferation and migration. The intensity of these responses depended on the extent of iNOS/NO induction in targeted cells of different cancer lines. Moreover, the responses could be replicated using NO from the chemical donor DETA/NO. This review will focus on these and related findings, their negative implications for clinical PDT, and how these might be averted by using pharmacologic inhibitors of iNOS activity or transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bazak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226-3548, USA
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Mondal P, Ishigami I, Yeh SR, Wijeratne GB. The Role of Heme Peroxo Oxidants in the Rational Mechanistic Modeling of Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization of Key Intermediates and Elucidation of the Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211521. [PMID: 36169890 PMCID: PMC9675724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mediates the two-step O2 -dependent oxidative degradation of arginine, and has been linked to a medley of disease situations in humans. Nonetheless, its exact mechanism of action still remains unclear. This work presents the first NOS model system where biologically proposed heme superoxo and peroxo intermediates are assessed as active oxidants against oxime substrates. Markedly, heme peroxo intermediates engaged in a bioinspired oxime oxidation reaction pathway, converting oximes to ketones and nitroxyl anions (NO- ). Detailed thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic interrogations all evince a rate-limiting step primarily driven by the nucleophilicity of the heme peroxo moiety. Coherent with other findings, 18 O and 15 N isotope substitution experiments herein suffice compelling evidence toward a detailed mechanism, which draw close parallels to one of the enzymatic proposals. Intriguingly, recent enzymatic studies also lend credence to these findings, and several relevant reaction intermediates have been observed during NOS turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Izumi Ishigami
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Syun-Ru Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Schiff Base Metal–Ligand Complexes with Copper and Nickel Centres for Electrochemical In Vitro Sensing of Nitric Oxide in an Aqueous Solution. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the smallest signalling molecule known in the human body, keeps blood vessels dilated, controls blood pressure, and has numerous other health regulatory effects. The use of Schiff base complexes incorporated onto electrodes to make electrochemical sensors has been explored as an effective method for the determination and quantification of nitric oxide in aqueous solutions. Schiff base ligands were complexed with Cu and Ni metal centres using the microwave synthesis method to produce metal–ligand complexes with enhanced capabilites for NO detection. The electrical current generated at the anode is directly proportional to NO concentrations in the solution through its oxidation to HNO3. Various characterisation techniques were implemented to verify the integrity of each step of metal–ligand synthesis as well as the final product produced, using FT-IR, UV-VIS, and TGA. The as-synthesised Schiff base complexes were electrodeposited on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and electrochemically evaluated in a 0.1 M PBS. Furthermore, metal complexes were screened for their in vitro activity towards NO detection in an aqueous solution (PBS). The results show that the investigated sensors (SPCE/Ni-BPND and SPCE/Cu-BPND) respond positively toward NO detection. It was, therefore, identified that the two sensors also do not differ significantly in terms of precision, sensitivity, and lowest detection limit. The sensor strategies demonstrate the NO limits of detection of 0.22 µM and 0.09 µM, and they also demonstrate sensitivity values of 16.3 µA/µM and 13.1 µA/µM for SPCE/Cu-BPND and SPCE/Ni-BPND sensors, respectively.
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12
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Zergoun AA, Draleau KS, Chettibi F, Touil-Boukoffa C, Djennaoui D, Merghoub T, Bourouba M. Plasma secretome analyses identify IL-8 and nitrites as predictors of poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cytokine 2022; 153:155852. [PMID: 35278812 PMCID: PMC9375845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Predicting tumor recurrence and death in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains to date challenging. We here analyzed the plasmatic secretomes of NPC untreated and relapsing patients, and explored possible correlations with the clinical and pathological features and survival characteristics of the corresponding patient cohorts, with the aim of identifying novel prognostic biomarkers. This study included 27 controls, 45 untreated NPC and 11 relapsed patients. A set of 14 plasma cytokines were analyzed using Millipore multiplex assay. Nitrites were assessed by Griess method. A comparative analysis of each groups' secretome showed upregulation of IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 in untreated patients, and of IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10 in relapsing patients. Nitrites significantly correlated with IL-8 during relapse. Secretomes' network analyses revealed prevalence of high correlations between IL8/IL-17A and IFN-γ/IL12p70 in the control group, between TNF-α/IL-8/IL-6, TNF-α/VEGF/IFN-γ and IL-10/MCP-1 in the untreated group, and between IL-8/IL-6/IL-10, TNF-α/IL-8/IL-6, IL12-p70/VEGF/IL-10/IFN-γ, IL-6/IL-10/IFN-γ and IL-8/IP-10 in the relapse group. IL-12p70, IP-10 and MCP-1 levels respectively associated with gender, age and node metastasis respectively. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis showed that patients presenting High IL-8/Low NO immunological scores presented a combined 80% probability of relapse/death after 53 months (combined log-rank test p = 0.0034; individual p = 0.012 and p = 0.016). Multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that IL-8 (HR = 7.451; 95% CI [2.398-23.152]; p = 0.001) and treatment type (HR = 0.232; 95% CI 0.072-0.749; p = 0.015) were independent prognostic factors. C&RT decision tree analysis showed that High IL-8/Low NO immunological scores predicted treatment failure in 50% cases starting the 36th month of follow-up (AUC = 1) for all of the studied cases and in 57% cases for patients receiving chemotherapy alone (AUC = 1). Altogether, our results showed that NPC development is accompanied with cytokines deregulation to form specific interaction networks at time of diagnosis and relapse, and demonstrate that High IL-8/Low NO signature may constitute a predictor of poor prognosis which may be useful to improve risk stratification and therapy failure management.
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13
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Ogata FT, Simões Sato AY, Coppo L, Arai RJ, Stern AI, Pequeno Monteiro H. Thiol-Based Antioxidants and the Epithelial/Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1037-1050. [PMID: 34541904 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) is commonly associated with tumor metastasis. Oxidative and nitrosative stress is maintained in cancer cells and is involved in the EMT. Cancer cells are endowed with high levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, which counteract the effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thiol-based antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) and glutathione/glutaredoxin (GSH/Grx) are continually active in cancer cells, while the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), the negative regulator of the Trx/TrxR system, is downregulated. Recent Advances: Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems play a major role in maintaining EMT signaling and cancer cell progression. Critical Issues: Enhanced stress conditions stimulated in cancer cells inhibit EMT signaling. The elevated expression levels of the Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems in these cells provide the antioxidant protection necessary to guarantee the occurrence of the EMT. Future Directions: Elevation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide concentrations in cancer cells has been viewed as a promising strategy for elimination of these cells. The development of inhibitors of GSH synthesis and of the Trx/TrxR system together with genetic-based strategies to enhance Txnip levels may provide the necessary means to achieve this goal. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1037-1050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Toshio Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Yuri Simões Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Jun Arai
- Department of Oncology and Radiology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnold Ira Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Liu N, Shi F, Yang L, Liao W, Cao Y. Oncogenic viral infection and amino acid metabolism in cancer progression: Molecular insights and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Cheshomi H, Bahrami AR, Rafatpanah H, Matin MM. The effects of ellagic acid and other pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) derivatives on human gastric cancer AGS cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211064534. [PMID: 35179410 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211064534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy, as the standard treatments, can be suitable therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer, side effects and drug resistance are two main treatment obstacles. It has been discovered that pomegranate and its natural derivatives, especially ellagic acid (EA), offer significant anti-cancer effects while causing trivial side effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the anti-cancer effects of EA on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) as well as in immunocompromised mice bearing human gastric tumors, for the first time. HPLC was used for determining EA in samples. MTT assay, apoptosis and scratch assay, gelatin zymography, and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the anti-cancer properties of different concentrations of pomegranate fruit juice, pomegranate peel extract, and EA. Furthermore, the effects of these compounds were investigated on immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice carrying human gastric cancer tumors. EA could inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. It also had significant effects on reducing both expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Further, it was demonstrated that with alterations in the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation including P53, BAX, APAF1, BCL2, iNOS, NF-κB, IL-8, and TNF-α, EA treatment led to increased cancer cell death and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, its use in mice bearing gastric tumors resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume without any obvious side effects. Ellagic acid exhibited anti-cancer effects on gastric adenocarcinoma, and can be considered as a safe anti-cancer agent for further preclinical studies on this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Cheshomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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El Bakary NM, Alsharkawy AZ, Shouaib ZA, Barakat EMS. Immune Stimulating Outcome of Chrysin and γ-Irradiation via Apoptotic Activation Against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Bearing Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096668. [PMID: 35543434 PMCID: PMC9102206 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in innovative methods of cancer immunotherapy has prompted research into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of natural and synthetic substances. The goal of this study was to assess chrysin immune-stimulating and pro-apoptotic effects on tumor growth and cell susceptibility to ionizing radiation in order to improve cancer therapy. Chrysin (20 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to mice bearing 1 cm3 solid tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for 21 consecutive days. Mice were whole body exposed to 1 Gy of gamma radiation (2 fractionated dose 0.5 Gy each). Treatment with chrysin dramatically reduces tumor proliferation in EAC mice; furthermore, IFN-γ activity is significantly reduced when compared to EAC mice. When compared to EAC mice, the expression of TNF-α, free radicals, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were considerably reduced, along with improvements in apoptotic regulators (caspase-3 activity). Moreover, the histopathological investigation confirms the improvement exerted by chrysin even in the EAC mice group or the EAC + R group. What is more, exposure to gamma radiation sustained the modulatory effect of chrysin on tumor when compared with EAC + Ch mice. Hence, chrysin might represent a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the radiation response of solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen M El Bakary
- National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Oleuropein-Rich Leaf Extract as a Broad Inhibitor of Tumour and Macrophage iNOS in an Apc Mutant Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101577. [PMID: 34679712 PMCID: PMC8533120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein, the major compound found in olive leaves, has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of oleuropein-rich leaf extracts (ORLE) in already-developed colon tumours arising in Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) mutated PIRC rats (F344/NTac-Apcam1137). Here, we were able to investigate in parallel the anti-cancer effect of ORLE, both in vivo and in vitro, and its anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages, representing a critical and abundant population in most solid tumour microenvironment. We found that in vivo ORLE treatment promoted apoptosis and attenuated iNOS activity both in colon tumours as in peritoneal macrophages of PIRC rats. We this confirmed in vitro using primary RAW264.7 cells: ORLE reduced iNOS activity in parallel with COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β. These findings suggest that ORLE possess a strong anti-inflammatory activity, which could be crucial for dampening the pro-tumourigenic activity elicited by a chronic inflammatory state generated by either tumour cells or tumour-associated macrophages.
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18
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Navasardyan I, Bonavida B. Regulation of T Cells in Cancer by Nitric Oxide. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102655. [PMID: 34685635 PMCID: PMC8534057 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T cell-mediated immune response is primarily involved in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer and its underlying mechanisms are complex. The anti-tumor T cell response is regulated by various T cell subsets and other cells and tissues in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various mechanisms are involved in the regulation of these various effector cells. One mechanism is the iNOS/.NO that has been reported to be intimately involved in the regulation and differentiation of the various cells that regulate the anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Both endogenous and exogenous .NO are implicated in this regulation. Importantly, the exposure of T cells to .NO had different effects on the immune response, depending on the .NO concentration and time of exposure. For instance, iNOS in T cells regulates activation-induced cell death and inhibits Treg induction. Effector CD8 T cells exposed to .NO result in the upregulation of death receptors and enhance their anti-tumor cytotoxic activity. .NO-Tregs suppress CD4 Th17 cells and their differentiation. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expressing iNOS inhibit T cell functions via .NO and inhibit anti-tumor CD8 T cells. Therefore, both .NO donors and .NO inhibitors are potential therapeutics tailored to specific target cells that regulate the T cell effector anti-tumor response.
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19
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NF-κB in Gastric Cancer Development and Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080870. [PMID: 34440074 PMCID: PMC8389569 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide and, thus, a major health problem. A variety of environmental factors including physical and chemical noxae, as well as pathogen infections could contribute to the development of gastric cancer. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its dysregulation has a major impact on gastric carcinogenesis due to the regulation of cytokines/chemokines, growth factors, anti-apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, and metalloproteinases. Changes in NF-κB signaling are directed by genetic alterations in the transcription factors themselves, but also in NF-κB signaling molecules. NF-κB actively participates in the crosstalk of the cells in the tumor micromilieu with divergent effects on the heterogeneous tumor cell and immune cell populations. Thus, the benefits/consequences of therapeutic targeting of NF-κB have to be carefully evaluated. In this review, we address recent knowledge about the mechanisms and consequences of NF-κB dysregulation in gastric cancer development and therapy.
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20
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Bassal H, Hijazi A, Farhan H, Trabolsi C, Ahmad BS, Khalil A, Maresca M, El Omar F. Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Biological Extracts of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Using Two Extraction Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:4435. [PMID: 34361588 PMCID: PMC8347811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus has long been used in traditional medicine and cuisine. In this study, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus extracts were isolated by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction and were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The obtained results show that both extracts (maceration and ultrasound) were rich in bioactive molecules and exerted substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The P. tetragonolobus extracts' treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages resulted in a significant downregulation of the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β mRNA. In addition, the P. tetragonolobus extracts' treatment attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. Our observations indicate that there is no significant difference between the two studied extracts of P. tetragonolobus in terms of biological properties (specifically, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Regardless of the extraction method, P. tetragonolobus could be used for treating diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Bassal
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Hussein Farhan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10070, Iraq;
| | - Christine Trabolsi
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Bouchra Sayed Ahmad
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Alia Khalil
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
| | - Marc Maresca
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille University, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Fawaz El Omar
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon; (H.B.); (C.T.); (B.S.A.); (A.K.); (F.E.O.)
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21
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Maiuthed A, Prakhongcheep O, Chanvorachote P. Microarray-based Analysis of Genes, Transcription Factors, and Epigenetic Modifications in Lung Cancer Exposed to Nitric Oxide. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:401-415. [PMID: 32576585 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important biological mediator that exerts several human physiological functions. As its nature is an aqueous soluble gas that can diffuse through cells and tissues, NO can affect cell signaling, the phenotype of cancer and modify surrounding cells. The variety of effects of NO on cancer cell biology has convinced researchers to determine the defined mechanisms of these effects and how to control this mediator for a better understanding as well as for therapeutic gain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used bioinformatics and pharmacological experiments to elucidate the potential regulation and underlying mechanisms of NO in non-small a lung cancer cell model. RESULTS Using microarrays, we identified a total of 151 NO-regulated genes (80 up-regulated genes, 71 down-regulated genes) with a strong statistically significant difference compared to untreated controls. Among these, the genes activated by a factor of more than five times were: DCBLD2, MGC24975, RAB40AL, PER3, RCN1, MRPL51, PTTG1, KLF5, NFIX. On the other hand, the expression of RBMS2, PDP2, RBAK, ORMDL2, GRPEL2, ZNF514, MTHFD2, POLR2D, RCBTB1, JOSD1, RPS27, GPR4 genes were significantly decreased by a factor of more than five times. Bioinformatics further revealed that NO exposure of lung cancer cells resulted in a change in transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications (histone modification and miRNA). Interestingly, NO treatment was shown to potentiate cancer stem cell-related genes and transcription factors Oct4, Klf4, and Myc. CONCLUSION Through this comprehensive approach, the present study illustrated the scheme of how NO affects molecular events in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ornjira Prakhongcheep
- Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Mintz J, Vedenko A, Rosete O, Shah K, Goldstein G, Hare JM, Ramasamy R, Arora H. Current Advances of Nitric Oxide in Cancer and Anticancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:94. [PMID: 33513777 PMCID: PMC7912608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, ubiquitous signaling molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. There are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding the bimodal effects of NO in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has important consequences for treatment. Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that both pro- and antitumorigenic effects of NO depend on multiple aspects, including, but not limited to, tissue of generation, the level of production, the oxidative/reductive (redox) environment in which this radical is generated, the presence or absence of NO transduction elements, and the tumor microenvironment. Generally, there are four major categories of NO-based anticancer therapies: NO donors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-i), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activators, and immunomodulators. Of these, NO donors are well studied, well characterized, and also the most promising. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on the role of NO as an anticancer therapy and dysregulated molecular interactions during the evolution of cancer, highlighting the strategies that may aid in the targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mintz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasia Vedenko
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Omar Rosete
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Khushi Shah
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Gabriella Goldstein
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.V.); (J.M.H.)
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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23
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iNOS Expression by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, PD-L1 and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113276. [PMID: 33167430 PMCID: PMC7694334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) in the progression of human malignancies is obscure. We studied the expression patterns of iNOS in non-small-cell lung cancer. iNOS was expressed by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. None of these patterns, however, are related to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iNOS+TILs) occurred in 48% of cases. This was related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and better overall survival. Expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. An important role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology has been brought forward, supporting iNOS+TILs as putative immune response markers. Abstract Background: Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) promotes the generation of NO in tissues. Its role in tumor progression and immune response is unclear. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression patterns of iNOS were studied in a series of 98 tissue samples of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in parallel with the expression of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism markers, PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: iNOS is expressed by cancer cells in 19/98 (19.4%), while extensive expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in 8/98 (8.2%) cases. None of these patterns relate to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing TILs (iNOS+TILs) occurs in 47/98 (48%) cases. This is related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), high PD-L1 expression and a better overall survival (p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. Conclusions: Extensive expression of iNOS by TILs occurs in approximately 50% of NSCLCs, and this is significantly related to an improved overall survival. This brings forward the role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology, supporting iNOS+TILs as a putative marker of immune response. The value of this biomarker as a predictive and treatment-guiding tool for tumor immunotherapy demands further investigation.
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24
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Sanhueza C, Bennett JC, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Contreras P, Lobos-González L, Campos A, Wehinger S, Lladser Á, Kiessling R, Leyton L, Quest AF. Caveolin-1-Mediated Tumor Suppression Is Linked to Reduced HIF1α S-Nitrosylation and Transcriptional Activity in Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092349. [PMID: 32825247 PMCID: PMC7565942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a well-established nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, whose function as a tumor suppressor is favored by, but not entirely dependent on, the presence of E-cadherin. Tumors are frequently hypoxic and the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) promotes tumor growth. HIF1α is regulated by several post-translational modifications, including S-nitrosylation. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms underlying tumor suppression by CAV1 in cancer cells lacking E-cadherin in hypoxia. Our main findings are that CAV1 reduced HIF activity and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor expression in vitro and in vivo. This effect was neither due to reduced HIF1α protein stability or reduced nuclear translocation. Instead, HIF1α S-nitrosylation observed in hypoxia was diminished by the presence of CAV1, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity in cells to the same extent as observed upon CAV1 expression. Additionally, arginase inhibition by (S)-(2-Boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC) partially rescued cells from the CAV1-mediated suppression of HIF1α transcriptional activity. In vivo, CAV1-mediated tumor suppression was dependent on NOS activity. In summary, CAV1-dependent tumor suppression in the absence of E-cadherin is linked to reduced HIF1α transcriptional activity via diminished NOS-mediated HIF1α S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanhueza
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago 7500921, Chile
| | - Jimena Castillo Bennett
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Álvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Immunoncology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián; Santiago 7780272, Chile;
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Andrew F.G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.S.); (J.C.B.); (P.C.); (A.C.); (S.W.); (L.L.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380000, Chile; (M.V.-V.); (L.L.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29786832
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The Double-Faced Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Solid Tumors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050374. [PMID: 32365852 PMCID: PMC7278755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed redox homeostasis represents a hallmark of cancer phenotypes, affecting cellular metabolism and redox signaling. Since reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, they may play a double-faced role in cancer, entailing protumorigenic and tumor-suppressing effects in early and later stages, respectively. In addition, ROS and RNS impact the activity and communication of all tumor constituents, mediating their reprogramming from anti- to protumorigenic phenotypes, and vice versa. An important role in this dichotomic action is played by the variable amounts of O2 in the tumor microenvironment, which dictates the ultimate outcome of the influence of ROS/RNS on carcinogenesis. Moreover, ROS/RNS levels remarkably influence the cancer response to therapy. The relevance of ROS/RNS signaling in solid tumors is witnessed by the emergence of novel targeted treatments of solid tumors with compounds that target ROS/RNS action and production, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which might contribute to the complexity of redox regulation in cancer. Prospectively, the dual role of ROS/RNS in the different stages of tumorigenesis through different impact on oxidation and nitrosylation may also allow development of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Sun HJ, Lee WT, Leng B, Wu ZY, Yang Y, Bian JS. Nitroxyl as a Potential Theranostic in the Cancer Arena. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:331-349. [PMID: 31617376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: As one-electron reduced molecule of nitric oxide (NO), nitroxyl (HNO) has gained enormous attention because of its novel physiological or pharmacological properties, ranging from cardiovascular protective actions to antitumoricidal effects. Recent Advances: HNO is emerging as a new entity with therapeutic advantages over its redox sibling, NO. The interests in the chemical, pharmacological, and biological characteristics of HNO have broadened our current understanding of its role in physiology and pathophysiology. Critical Issues: In particular, the experimental evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of HNO in tumor pharmacology, such as neuroblastoma, gastrointestinal tumor, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. Indeed, HNO donors have been demonstrated to attenuate tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Future Directions: In this review, the generation and detection of HNO are outlined, and the roles of HNO in cancer progression are further discussed. We anticipate that the completion of this review might give novel insights into the roles of HNO in cancer pharmacology and open up a novel field of cancer therapy based on HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Thye Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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Small molecule inhibitors and stimulators of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cancer cells from natural origin (phytochemicals, marine compounds, antibiotics). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113792. [PMID: 31926145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of isoforms, which generate nitric oxide (NO). NO is one of the smallest molecules in nature and acts mainly as a potent vasodilator. It participates in various biological processes ranging from physiological to pathological conditions. Inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2) is a calcium-independent and inducible isoform. Despite high iNOS expression in many tumors, the role of iNOS is still unclear and complex with both enhancing and prohibiting actions in tumorigenesis. Nature presents a broad variety of natural stimulators and inhibitors, which may either promote or inhibit iNOS response. In the present review, we give an overview of iNOS-modulating agents with a special focus on both natural and synthetic molecules and their effects in related biological processes. The role of iNOS in physiological and pathological conditions is also discussed.
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Basile MS, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Longo A, Russo A, Fallico M, Bonfiglio V, Nicoletti F, Avitabile T, Reibaldi M. Immunobiology of Uveal Melanoma: State of the Art and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1145. [PMID: 31750244 PMCID: PMC6848265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal Melanoma (UM) represents the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Although it originates from melanocytes as cutaneous melanoma, it shows significant clinical and biological differences with the latter, including high resistance to immune therapy. Indeed, UM can evade immune surveillance via multiple mechanisms, such as the expression of inhibitory checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1, CD47, CD200) and the production of IDO-1 and soluble FasL, among others. More in-depth understanding of these mechanisms will suggest potential targets for the design of novel and more effective management strategies for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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