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Sun X, Song Z, Tang Z, Yu J, Fan X, Yang Y, Yuan S, Chen Q. Effects of different post-harvest processing methods on changes in the active ingredients of licorice based on LC-MS and plant metabolomics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024. [PMID: 38989561 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Licorice, the dried roots and rhizomes of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., holds a prominent status in various formulations within the realm of Chinese medicinal practices. The traditional processing methods of licorice hinder quality assurance, thus prompting Chinese medicine researchers to focus on the fresh processing methods to enhancing processing efficiency and quality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the differential compounds of licorice between traditional and fresh processing methods and provide a scientific basis for the fresh processing of licorice and for further research on the processing mechanism. METHODOLOGY A methodology integrating ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to characterize the differential compounds present in licorice between traditional processing and fresh processing. RESULTS The results derived from principal component analysis and heat map analyses underscored significant differences in the content of bioactive compounds between the two processing methods. By applying conditions of VIP > 1.5 and p < 0.05, a total of 38 differential compounds were identified through t tests, and the transformation mechanisms of select compounds were illustrated. CONCLUSION The adoption of fresh processing techniques not only improved processing efficiency but also significantly enhanced the preservation of bioactive compounds within licorice. This research has established a rapid and efficient analytical method for the identification of differential compounds present in differently processed licorice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Sun
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingao Yu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiuhe Fan
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Shuhui Yuan
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Badibostan H, Eizadi-Mood N, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Protective effects of natural compounds against paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity: the role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:611-624. [PMID: 36682065 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2163985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic herbicide to humans. Once absorbed, it accumulates in the lungs. PQ has been well documented that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main mechanism of its toxicity. Oxidative damage of PQ in lungs is represented as generation of cytotoxic and fibrotic mediators, interruption of epithelial and endothelial barriers, and inflammatory cell infiltration. No effective treatment for PQ toxicity is currently available. Several studies have shown that natural compounds (NCs) have the potential to alleviate PQ-induced pulmonary toxicity, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. NCs function as protective agents through stimulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathways. Elevation of Nrf2 levels leads to the expression of its downstream enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and HO-1. The hypothesized role of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway as the protective mechanism of NCs against PQ-induced pulmonary toxicity is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Badibostan
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhou H, Yang T, Lu Z, He X, Quan J, Liu S, Chen Y, Wu K, Cao H, Liu J, Yu L. Liquiritin exhibits anti-acute lung injury activities through suppressing the JNK/Nur77/c-Jun pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:35. [PMID: 37013552 PMCID: PMC10068703 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), a well-known traditional medicine, is traditionally used for the treatment of respiratory disorders, such as cough, sore throat, asthma and bronchitis. We aim to investigate the effects of liquiritin (LQ), the main bioactive compound in licorice against acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the potential mechanism. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and zebrafish. Intratracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg of LPS was used for induction an ALI mice model. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were tested using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of JNK/Nur77/c-Jun related proteins. Protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by BCA protein assay. The effect of JNK on Nur77 transcriptional activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay, while electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to examine the c-Jun DNA binding activity. RESULTS LQ has significant anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish and RAW264.7 cells. LQ inhibited the expression levels of p-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), p-Nur77 (Ser351) and p-c-Jun (Ser63), while elevated the Nur77 expression level. Inhibition of JNK by a specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA enhanced the regulatory effect of LQ on Nur77/c-Jun, while JNK agonist abrogated LQ-mediated effects. Moreover, Nur77-luciferase reporter activity was suppressed after JNK overexpression. The effects of LQ on the expression level of c-Jun and the binding activity of c-Jun with DNA were attenuated after Nur77 siRNA treatment. LQ significantly ameliorated LPS-induced ALI with the reduction of lung water content and BALF protein content, the downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lung BALF and the suppression of JNK/Nur77/c-Jun signaling, which can be reversed by a specific JNK agonist. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that LQ exerts significant protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro via suppressing the activation of JNK, and consequently inhibiting the Nur77/c-Jun signaling pathway. Our study suggests that LQ may be a potential therapeutic candidate for ALI and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangjia Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Quan
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangtai Wu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Luan R, Ding D, Yang J. The protective effect of natural medicines against excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in acute lung injury by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039022. [PMID: 36467050 PMCID: PMC9709415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common critical disease of the respiratory system that progresses into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with high mortality, mainly related to pulmonary oxidative stress imbalance and severe inflammation. However, there are no clear and effective treatment strategies at present. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) is a transcription factor that interacts with multiple signaling pathways and regulates the activity of multiple oxidases (NOX, NOS, XO, CYP) related to inflammation and apoptosis, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles in ALI. Recently, several studies have reported that the active ingredients of natural medicines show protective effects on ALI via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In addition, they are cheap, naturally available, and possess minimal toxicity, thereby having good clinical research and application value. Herein, we summarized various studies on the protective effects of natural pharmaceutical components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polysaccharides on ALI through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and demonstrated existing gaps as well as future perspectives.
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Wang Y, Ning Y, He T, Chen Y, Han W, Yang Y, Zhang CX. Explore the Potential Ingredients for Detoxification of Honey-Fired Licorice (ZGC) Based on the Metabolic Profile by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Front Chem 2022; 10:924685. [PMID: 35910719 PMCID: PMC9335949 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.924685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice is well known for its ability to reduce the toxicity of the whole prescription in traditional Chinese medicine theory. However, honey-fired licorice (ZGC for short), which is made of licorice after being stir-fried with honey water, is more commonly used for clinical practice. The metabolism in vivo and detoxification-related compounds of ZGC have not been fully elucidated. In this work, the chemical constituents in ZGC and its metabolic profile in rats were both identified by high ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The network pharmacology was applied to predict the potential detoxifying ingredients of ZGC. As a result, a total of 115 chemical compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in ZGC aqueous extract, and 232 xenobiotics (70 prototypes and 162 metabolites) were identified in serum, heart, liver, kidneys, feces, and urine. Furthermore, 41 compounds absorbed in serum, heart, liver, and kidneys were employed for exploring the detoxification of ZGC by network pharmacology. Ultimately, 13 compounds (five prototypes including P5, P24, P30, P41 and P44, and 8 phase Ⅰ metabolites including M23, M47, M53, M93, M100, M106, M118, and M134) and nine targets were anticipated to be potential mediums regulating detoxification actions. The network pharmacology analysis had shown that the ZGC could detoxify mainly through regulating the related targets of cytochrome P450 and glutathione. In summary, this study would help reveal potential active ingredients in vivo for detoxification of ZGC and provided practical evidence for explaining the theory of traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Center, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting He
- Ningxia Hui Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yingtong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinping Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cui-Xian Zhang,
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Meng Y, Li X, Wang X, Zhang L, Guan J. Network pharmacological prediction and molecular docking analysis of the combination of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the treatment of functional constipation and its verification. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:120-132. [PMID: 35451570 PMCID: PMC9043712 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to reveal the mechanism of functional constipation in the treatment of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMK) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PLP). Methods The main active ingredients of AMK and PLP were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) platform. A database of functional constipation targets was established by GeneCard and OMIM. An “ingredient‐target” network map was constructed with Cytoscape software (version 3.7.1), and molecular docking analysis was performed on the components and genes with the highest scores. The rats in the normal group were given saline, and those in the other groups were given 10 mg/kg diphenoxylate once a day for 14 days. The serum and intestinal tissue levels of adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), and adenylyl cyclase (AC) of the rats and aquaporin (AQP)1, AQP3, and AQP8 were measured. Results AMK and PLP had a significant role in the regulation of targets in the treatment of functional constipation. After treatment with AMK, PLP, or mosapride, the serum and intestinal tissue levels of AC, cAMP, and PKA were significantly downregulated. Groups receiving AMK and PLP or mosapride exhibited a reduction in the level of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP8 to varying degrees. Conclusion Molecular docking analysis revealed that AMK and PLP had a significant role in the regulation of targets in the treatment of functional constipation. Studies have confirmed that AMK and PLP can also affect AC, cAMP, and PKA. AC, cAMP, and PKA in model rats were significantly downregulated. AQP expression is closely related to AC, cAMP, and PKA. AMK and PLP can reduce the expression of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP9 in the colon of constipated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Shan Q, Tian G, Han X, Hui H, Yamamoto M, Hao M, Wang J, Wang K, Sang X, Qin L, Chen G, Cao G. Toxicity of Tetradium ruticarpum: Subacute Toxicity Assessment and Metabolomic Identification of Relevant Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803855. [PMID: 35295336 PMCID: PMC8918793 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetradium ruticarpum (TR) is widely used in Asia to treat gastrointestinal disorders and pain. Stir-frying with licorice aqueous extract is a traditional processing procedure of TR formed in a long-term practice and performed before clinical application, and believed to reduce TR’s toxicity. However, its toxicity and possible toxicity attenuation approach are yet to be well investigated. Subacute toxicity and metabolomics studies were conducted to help understand the toxicity of TR. The subacute toxicity assessment indicated that 3 fold of the recommended therapeutic dose of TR did not show obvious subacute toxicity in rats. Although an extremely high dose (i.e., 60 fold of the recommended dose) may cause toxicity in rats, it reversed to normal after 2 weeks of recovery. Hepatocellular injury was the major toxic phenotype of TR-induced liver damage, indicating as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver index increasing, with histopathologic findings as local hepatocyte necrosis, focal inflammatory cell infiltration, slightly bile duct hyperplasia, and partial hepatocyte vacuolation. Moreover, we evaluated the impact of processing in toxicity. TR processed with licorice could effectively reduce drug-induced toxicity, which is a valuable step in TR pretreatment before clinical application. Metabolomics profiling revealed that primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were mainly involved in profiling the toxicity metabolic regulatory network. The processing procedure could back-regulate these three pathways, and may be in an Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) dependent manner to alleviate the metabolic perturbations induced by TR. 7α-hydroxycholesterol, calcitriol, and taurocholic acid were screened and validated as the toxicity biomarkers of TR for potential clinical translation. Overall, the extensive subacute toxicity evaluation and metabolomic analysis would not only expand knowledge of the toxicity mechanisms of TR, but also provide scientific insight of traditional processing theory, and support clinical rational use of TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Hui
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mai Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- The Public Platform of Medical Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
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Ji P, Li H, Jin Y, Peng Y, Zhao L, Wang X. C. elegans as an in vivo model system for the phenotypic drug discovery for treating paraquat poisoning. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12866. [PMID: 35178301 PMCID: PMC8815376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is an effective and widely used herbicide and causes numerous fatalities by accidental or voluntary ingestion. However, neither the final cytotoxic mechanism nor effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been discovered. Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), which does not rely on the molecular mechanism of the diseases, is having a renaissance in recent years owing to its potential to address the incompletely understood complexity of diseases. Herein, the C. elegans PDD model was established to pave the way for the future phenotypic discovery of potential agents for treating PQ poisoning. METHODS C. elegans were treated with PQ-containing solid medium followed by statistical analysis of worm survival, pharyngeal pumping, and movement ability. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was used to test the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial morphology, and worm survival rate. Additionally, we used the classic mice model of PQ intoxication to evaluate the validity of the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the effect of CoQ10 as a potential antidote for PQ poisoning. RESULTS In the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, 5 mg/mL PQ increased the levels of ROS, MDA content, mitochondrial fragments, which significantly shortened the lifespan, while CoQ10 alleviated these phenotypes. In the mice model of PQ poisoning, CoQ10 increased the chance of survival in PQ poisoned mice while reducing ROS, MDA content in lung tissue and inhibiting PQ-induced lung edema. Moreover, CoQ10 alleviated the lung morphopathological changes induced by PQ. CONCLUSION Here we established a C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, whose validity was confirmed by the classic mice model of PQ intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Yushan Jin
- Department of Immunology and Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhu Z, Chen T, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9523071. [PMID: 35082907 PMCID: PMC8786487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9523071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the most frequently prescribed natural medicine in China and has been used for more than 2,000 years. The flavonoids of licorice have garnered considerable attention in recent decades due to their structural diversity and myriad pharmacological effects, especially as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation and cancer. Although many articles have been published to summarize different pharmacological activities of licorice in recent years, the systematic summary for flavonoid components is not comprehensive. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the pharmacological and mechanistic data from recent researches on licorice flavonoids and their bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhang QH, Huang HZ, Qiu M, Wu ZF, Xin ZC, Cai XF, Shang Q, Lin JZ, Zhang DK, Han L. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms of Licorice in Potential Therapy of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719758. [PMID: 34899289 PMCID: PMC8661450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global challenge, and although vaccines have been developed, it is expected that mild to moderate patients will control their symptoms, especially in developing countries. Licorice, not only a food additive, but also a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, detoxification, antibacterial, antitussive, and immunomodulatory effects, especially in respiratory diseases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizin diamine and glycyrrhizin extract have been widely studied and used in COVID-19 clinical trials. Therefore, it is a very interesting topic to explore the material basis, pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of licorice in adjuvant treatment of COVID-19. In this paper, the material basis of licorice for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is deeply analyzed, and there are significant differences among different components in different pharmacological mechanisms. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators by blocking the binding of ACE 2 to virus spike protein, and exert antiviral and antibacterial effects. Immune cells are stimulated by multiple targets and pathways to interfere with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Liquiritin can prevent and cure COVID-19 by simulating type I interferon. It is suggested that licorice can exert its therapeutic advantage through multi-components and multi-targets. To sum up, licorice has the potential to adjuvant prevent and treat COVID-19. It not only plays a significant role in anti-inflammation and anti-ACE-2, but also significantly improves the clinical symptoms of fever, dry cough and shortness of breath, suggesting that licorice is expected to be a candidate drug for adjuvant treatment of patients with early / mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhan-Chang Xin
- Gansu Qilian Mountain Pharmaceutical Limited Liability Company, Jiuquan, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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12
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Mechanism of Yifei Decoction Combined with MitoQ on Inhibition of TGF β1/NOX4 and PDGF/ROCK Signal Pathway in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6615615. [PMID: 34135982 PMCID: PMC8177988 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Rho-related coiled helix forming protein kinase (Rho-ROCK) and another important fibrogenic factor-PDGF play a critical role in collagen deposition in rat lung tissue. Yifei decoction (YFT), a Chinese herbal decoction, has been used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in clinical practice and has produced positive outcomes; however, convincing evidence is currently lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of YFT combined with MitoQ in rats with IPF and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods Rat IPF model was established by endotracheal injection of 5 mg/kg BleomycinA5 into the specific pathogen-free SD rats. MitoQ (6.5 μmol/kg once daily), YFT (10 ml/kg once daily), and MitoQ + YFT (6.5 μmol/kg + 10 ml/kg once daily) were used to treat the rat model for 4 weeks, respectively. The normal rats without IPF were used as the controls. After 4 weeks of drug treatment, lung histopathology was assessed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of fibronectin and collagen IV in lung tissue. The expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, GSH-Px, SOD, MDA, and hydroxyproline was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of TGFβ1, NOX4, PDGFR-β, and ROCK1 were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results After 4 weeks of drug treatment, comparison of the MitoQ + YFT group with the IPF group showed that lung injury scores, W/D, lung tissue hydroxyproline, fibronectin, collagen IV content, and IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05), as well as the expression of TGFβ1, NOX4, PDGFR-β, and ROCK1, but the activity of GSH-Px and SOD was higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion MitoQ combined with YFT can improve lung injury in rats with pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting TGFβ1/NOX4 and PDGF/ROCK signaling pathways. It may provide a new method for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Wang Q, Xiao L. Isochlorogenic acid A attenuates acute lung injury induced by LPS via Nf-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7018-7026. [PMID: 31814905 PMCID: PMC6895519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is still no effective drug with small side effects for acute lung injury. Monomer of herb is promising for anti-inflammation therapy. In this study, we first investigated the possible effects of isochlorogenic acid A in acute lung injury induced by LPS. The effects of oxidant stress, pulmonary edema and inflammation factors induced by LPS were inhibited by isochlorogenic acid A. Levels of lung active markers and inflammation factors induced by LPS were reversed by isochlorogenic acid A. Isochlorogenic acid A inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by LPS. The protein expressions of Nf-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway induced by LPS were inhibited by isochlorogenic acid A. In summary, isochlorogenic acid A reversed the effects induced by LPS in acute lung injury and is a promising monomer for therapy of acute lung injury, providing references for future research on therapy of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pediatric, Foshan Women and Children HospitalFoshan 528000, Guangdong, China
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