1
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Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Braband KL, Tantawy E, Rampoldi F, Kao YS, Boukhallouk F, Velasquez LN, Mamareli P, Silva L, Damasceno LEA, Weidenthaler-Barth B, Berod L, Almeida L, Sparwasser T. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Translation Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation by Targeting Vγ4+ γδ T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:844-854.e2. [PMID: 37832844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation in response to immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion in the dermis. γδ T cells expressing the Vγ4 TCR chain are among the highest contributors of IL-17A, which is a major cytokine that drives a psoriasis flare, making Vγ4+ γδ T cells a suitable target to restrict psoriasis progression. In this study, we demonstrate that mitochondrial translation inhibition within Vγ4+ γδ T cells effectively reduced erythema, scaling, and skin thickening in a murine model of psoriatic disease. The antibiotic linezolid, which blocks mitochondrial translation, inhibited the production of mitochondrial-encoded protein cytochrome c oxidase in Vγ4+ γδ T cells and systemically reduced the frequencies of IL-17A+ Vγ4+ γδ T cells, effectively resolving IL-17A-dependent inflammation. Inhibiting mitochondrial translation could be a novel metabolic approach to interrupt IL-17A signaling in Vγ4+ T cells and reduce psoriasis-like skin pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin L Braband
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eshraq Tantawy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu-San Kao
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lis Noelia Velasquez
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luana Silva
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beate Weidenthaler-Barth
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luís Almeida
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes University Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Turnbull C, Bones J, Stanley M, Medhavy A, Wang H, Lorenzo AMD, Cappello J, Shanmuganandam S, Pandey A, Seneviratne S, Brown GJ, Meng X, Fulcher D, Burgio G, Man SM, de Lucas Collantes C, Gasior M, López Granados E, Martin P, Jiang SH, Cook MC, Ellyard JI, Athanasopoulos V, Corry B, Canete PF, Vinuesa CG. DECTIN-1: A modifier protein in CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9566. [PMID: 38055819 PMCID: PMC10699772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant loss-of-function (LoF) variants in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) cause immune dysregulation with autoimmunity, immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation (IDAIL). Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are characteristic of IDAIL caused by CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency (CTLA-4h), pointing to a role for genetic modifiers. Here, we describe an IDAIL proband carrying a maternally inherited pathogenic CTLA4 variant and a paternally inherited rare LoF missense variant in CLEC7A, which encodes for the β-glucan pattern recognition receptor DECTIN-1. The CLEC7A variant led to a loss of DECTIN-1 dimerization and surface expression. Notably, DECTIN-1 stimulation promoted human and mouse regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation from naïve αβ and γδ T cells, even in the absence of transforming growth factor-β. Consistent with DECTIN-1's Treg-boosting ability, partial DECTIN-1 deficiency exacerbated the Treg defect conferred by CTL4-4h. DECTIN-1/CLEC7A emerges as a modifier gene in CTLA-4h, increasing expressivity of CTLA4 variants and acting in functional epistasis with CTLA-4 to maintain immune homeostasis and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Turnbull
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Josiah Bones
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Maurice Stanley
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Arti Medhavy
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ayla May D. Lorenzo
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jean Cappello
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Somasundhari Shanmuganandam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Abhimanu Pandey
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sandali Seneviratne
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Grant J Brown
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xiangpeng Meng
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David Fulcher
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Mercedes Gasior
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López Granados
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group, La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Rad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon H. Jiang
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Cook
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia I. Ellyard
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vicki Athanasopoulos
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pablo F. Canete
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carola G. Vinuesa
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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3
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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4
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Role of wound microbiome, strategies of microbiota delivery system and clinical management. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114671. [PMID: 36538989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Delayed wound healing is one of the most global public health threats affecting nearly 100 million people each year, particularly the chronic wounds. Many confounding factors such as aging, diabetic disease, medication, peripheral neuropathy, immunocompromises or arterial and venous insufficiency hyperglycaemia are considered to inhibit wound healing. Therapeutic approaches for slow wound healing include anti-infection, debridement and the use of various wound dressings. However, the current clinical outcomes are still unsatisfied. In this review, we discuss the role of skin and wound commensal microbiota in the different healing stages, including inflammation, cell proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodelling phase, followed by multiple immune cell responses to commensal microbiota. Current clinical management in treating surgical wounds and chronic wounds was also reviewed together with potential controlled delivery systems which may be utilized in the future for the topical administration of probiotics and microbiomes. This review aims to introduce advances, novel strategies, and pioneer ideas in regulating the wound microbiome and the design of controlled delivery systems.
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5
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Polakova A, Hudemann C, Wiemers F, Kadys A, Gremke N, Lang M, Zwiorek L, Pfützner W, Hertl M, Möbs C, Zimmer CL. Isolation of Lymphocytes from Human Skin and Murine Tissues: A Rapid and Epitope-Preserving Approach. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 3:100155. [PMID: 36866120 PMCID: PMC9974185 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells have been shown to play an important role in skin health and disease. However, owing to limited access to human skin samples and time-consuming, technically demanding protocols, the characterization of tissue-derived cells remains challenging. For this reason, blood-derived leukocytes are frequently used as a surrogate specimen, although they do not necessarily reflect local immune responses in the skin. Therefore, we aimed to establish a rapid protocol to isolate a sufficient number of viable immune cells from 4-mm skin biopsies that can be directly used for a deeper characterization such as comprehensive phenotyping and functional studies of T cells. In this optimized protocol, only two enzymes, type IV collagenase and DNase I, were used to achieve both the highest possible cellular yield and marker preservation of leukocytes stained for multicolor flow cytometry. We further report that the optimized protocol may be used in the same manner for murine skin and mucosa. In summary, this study allows a rapid acquisition of lymphocytes from human or mouse skin suitable for comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations, for disease surveillance, and for identification of potential therapeutic targets or other downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Polakova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Wiemers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arturas Kadys
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Gremke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Lang
- Center for Human Genetics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Zwiorek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christine L. Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Correspondence: Christine L. Zimmer, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg 35043, Germany.
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6
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Koren E, Feldman A, Yusupova M, Kadosh A, Sedov E, Ankawa R, Yosefzon Y, Nasser W, Gerstberger S, Kimel LB, Priselac N, Brown S, Sharma S, Gorenc T, Shalom-Feuerstein R, Steller H, Shemesh T, Fuchs Y. Thy1 marks a distinct population of slow-cycling stem cells in the mouse epidermis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4628. [PMID: 35941116 PMCID: PMC9360001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of distinct stem cells that maintain the interfollicular epidermis is highly debated. Here, we report a population of keratinocytes, marked by Thy1, in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis. We find that epidermal cells expressing differential levels of Thy1 display distinct transcriptional signatures. Thy1+ keratinocytes do not express T cell markers, express a unique transcriptional profile, cycle significantly slower than basal epidermal progenitors and display significant expansion potential in vitro. Multicolor lineage tracing analyses and mathematical modeling reveal that Thy1+ basal keratinocytes do not compete neutrally alike interfollicular progenitors and contribute long-term to both epidermal replenishment and wound repair. Importantly, ablation of Thy1+ cells strongly impairs these processes, thus indicating the non-redundant function of Thy1+ stem cells in the epidermis. Collectively, these results reveal a distinct stem cell population that plays a critical role in epidermal homeostasis and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avihay Kadosh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Liam B Kimel
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Priselac
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samara Brown
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Sam Sharma
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Travis Gorenc
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Tom Shemesh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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7
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The Trinity of Skin: Skin Homeostasis as a Neuro–Endocrine–Immune Organ. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050725. [PMID: 35629392 PMCID: PMC9144330 DOI: 10.3390/life12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, skin was thought to be no more than the barrier of our body. However, in the last few decades, studies into the idea of skin as an independent functional organ have gradually deepened our understanding of skin and its functions. In this review, we gathered evidence that presented skin as a “trinity” of neuro–endocrine–immune function. From a neuro perspective, skin communicates through nerves and receptors, releasing neurotrophins and neuropeptides; from an endocrine perspective, skin is able to receive and secrete most hormones and has the cutaneous equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; from an immune perspective, skin is protected not only by its physical barrier, but also immune cells and molecules, which can also cause inflammation. Together as an organ, skin works bidirectionally by operating peripheral neuro–endocrine–immune function and being regulated by the central nervous system, endocrine system and immune system at the same time, maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, to further explain the “trinity” of cutaneous neuro–endocrine–immune function and how it works in disease pathophysiology, a disease model of rosacea is presented.
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8
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Berzosa M, Nemeskalova A, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Salvador-Bescós M, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF, Gamazo C, Irache JM. Immune Response after Skin Delivery of a Recombinant Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020239. [PMID: 35213971 PMCID: PMC8875158 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections have been identified as a major cause of acute diarrhoea in children in developing countries, associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Additionally, ETEC remains the most common cause of acute diarrhea of international travellers to endemic areas. The heat-labile toxin (LT) is a major virulence factor of ETEC, with a significant correlation between the presence of antibodies against LT and protection in infected patients. In the present work, we constructed a recombinant LTB unit (rLTB) and studied the capacity of this toxoid incorporated in microneedles (rLTB-MN) to induce a specific immune response in mice. MN were prepared from aqueous blends of the polymer Gantrez AN® [poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)], which is not cytotoxic and has been shown to possess immunoadjuvant properties. The mechanical and dissolution properties of rLTB-MNs were evaluated in an in vitro Parafilm M® model and in mice and pig skin ex vivo models. The needle insertion ranged between 378 µm and 504 µm in Parafilm layers, and MNs fully dissolved within 15 min of application inside porcine skin. Moreover, female and male BALB/c mice were immunized through ear skin with one single dose of 5 μg·rLTB in MNs, eliciting significant fecal anti-LT IgA antibodies, higher in female than in male mice. Moreover, we observed an enhanced production of IL-17A by spleen cells in the immunized female mice, indicating a mucosal non-inflammatory and neutralizing mediated response. Further experiments will now be required to validate the protective capacity of this new rLTB-MN formulation against this deadly non-vaccine-preventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melibea Berzosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.N.); (A.Z.-R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Alzbeta Nemeskalova
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.N.); (A.Z.-R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.N.); (A.Z.-R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Miriam Salvador-Bescós
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.N.); (A.Z.-R.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (E.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (E.L.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Health, IDISNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.); (A.N.); (A.Z.-R.); (M.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (J.M.I.)
| | - Juan M. Irache
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (J.M.I.)
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9
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Novak N, Tordesillas L, Cabanillas B. Diversity of T cells in the skin: Novel insights. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:185-198. [PMID: 34607528 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1985116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
T cells populate the skin to provide an effective immunosurveillance against external insults and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Most cutaneous T cells are αβ T cells, however, γδ T cells also exist although in much lower frequency. Different subsets of αβ T cells can be found in the skin, such as short-lived effector T cells, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, and tissue-resident memory T cells. Their differential biology, function, and location provide an ample spectrum of immune responses in the skin. Foxp3+ memory regulatory T cells have a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in the skin and their dysregulation has been linked with different skin pathologies. The skin also contains populations of non-classical T cells, such as γδ T cells, NK T cells, and MR1-restricted T cells. Their role in skin homeostasis and response to pathogens has been well established in the past years, however, there is also growing evidence of their role in mediating allergic skin inflammation and promoting sensitization to allergens. In this review, we provide an updated overview on the different subsets of T cells that populate the skin with a specific focus on their role in allergic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Spinal cord injury in mice impacts central and peripheral pathology in a severity-dependent manner. Pain 2021; 163:1172-1185. [PMID: 34490852 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain is a common medical complication experienced by those living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and leads to worsened quality of life. The pathophysiology of SCI pain is poorly understood, hampering the development of safe and efficacious therapeutics. We therefore sought to develop a clinically relevant model of SCI with a strong pain phenotype and characterize the central and peripheral pathology after injury. A contusion (50 kdyn) injury, with and without sustained compression (60 seconds) of the spinal cord, was carried out on female C57BL/6J mice. Mice with compression of the spinal cord exhibited significantly greater heat and mechanical hypersensitivity starting at 7 days post-injury, concomitant with reduced locomotor function, compared to those without compression. Immunohistochemical analysis of spinal cord tissue revealed significantly less myelin sparing and increased macrophage activation in mice with compression compared to those without. As measured by flow cytometry, immune cell infiltration and activation were significantly greater in the spinal cord (phagocytic myeloid cells and microglia) and dorsal root ganglia (Ly6C+ monocytes) following compression injury. We also decided to investigate the gastrointestinal microbiome, as it has been shown to be altered in SCI patients and has recently been shown to play a role in immune system maturation and pain. We found increased dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiome in an injury severity-dependent manner. The use of this contusion-compression model of SCI may help advance the preclinical assessment of acute and chronic SCI pain and lead to a better understanding of mechanisms contributing to this pain.
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11
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Chen C, Meng Z, Ren H, Zhao N, Shang R, He W, Hao J. The molecular mechanisms supporting the homeostasis and activation of dendritic epidermal T cell and its role in promoting wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab009. [PMID: 34212060 PMCID: PMC8240510 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and the first barrier against invasion. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are a subset of γδ T cells and an important component of the epidermal immune microenvironment. DETCs are involved in skin wound healing, malignancy and autoimmune diseases. DETCs secrete insulin-like growth factor-1 and keratinocyte growth factor for skin homeostasis and re-epithelization and release inflammatory factors to adjust the inflammatory microenvironment of wound healing. Therefore, an understanding of their development, activation and correlative signalling pathways is indispensable for the regulation of DETCs to accelerate wound healing. Our review focuses on the above-mentioned molecular mechanisms to provide a general research framework to regulate and control the function of DETCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruoyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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12
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Laumet G, Ma J, Robison AJ, Kumari S, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A. T Cells as an Emerging Target for Chronic Pain Therapy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:216. [PMID: 31572125 PMCID: PMC6749081 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is critically involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. However, T cells, one of the main regulators of the immune response, have only recently become a focus of investigations on chronic pain pathophysiology. Emerging clinical data suggest that patients with chronic pain have a different phenotypic profile of circulating T cells compared to controls. At the preclinical level, findings on the function of T cells are mixed and differ between nerve injury, chemotherapy, and inflammatory models of persistent pain. Depending on the type of injury, the subset of T cells and the sex of the animal, T cells may contribute to the onset and/or the resolution of pain, underlining T cells as a major player in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Specific T cell subsets release mediators such as cytokines and endogenous opioid peptides that can promote, suppress, or even resolve pain. Inhibiting the pain-promoting functions of T cells and/or enhancing the beneficial effects of pro-resolution T cells may offer new disease-modifying strategies for the treatment of chronic pain, a critical need in view of the current opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Susmita Kumari
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Petrović J, Silva JR, Bannerman CA, Segal JP, Marshall AS, Haird CM, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. γδ T Cells Modulate Myeloid Cell Recruitment but Not Pain During Peripheral Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:473. [PMID: 30936874 PMCID: PMC6431614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immune cells, which are recruited to the site of injury/disease, secrete various inflammatory mediators that are critical to nociception and pain. The role of tissue-resident immune cells, however, remains poorly characterized. One of the first cells to be activated in peripheral tissues following injury are γδT cells, which serve important roles in infection, disease, and wound healing. Using a mouse line lacking these cells, we sought to identify their contribution to inflammatory pain. Three distinct models of peripheral inflammatory pain were used: intraplantar injection of formalin (spontaneous inflammatory pain), incisional wound (acute inflammatory pain), and intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (chronic inflammatory pain). Our results show that absence of γδT cells does not alter baseline sensitivity, nor does it result in changes to mechanical or thermal hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Myeloid cell recruitment did show differential changes between models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. These results were consistent in both male and female mice, suggesting that there are no sex differences in these outcomes. This comprehensive characterization suggests that γδT cells do not contribute to basal sensitivity or the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrović
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Raymondi Silva
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney A. Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Julia P. Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Abigail S. Marshall
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cortney M. Haird
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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