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Hosen S, Ikeda-Yorifuji I, Yamashita T. Asporin and CD109, expressed in the injured neonatal spinal cord, attenuate axonal re-growth in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2024; 833:137832. [PMID: 38796094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration is restricted in adults and causes irreversible motor dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI). In contrast, neonates have prominent regenerative potential and can restore their neural function. Although the distinct cellular responses in neonates have been studied, how they contribute to neural recovery remains unclear. To assess whether the secreted molecules in neonatal SCI can enhance neural regeneration, we re-analyzed the previously performed single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) and focused on Asporin and Cd109, the highly expressed genes in the injured neonatal spinal cord. In the present study, we showed that both these molecules were expressed in the injured spinal cords of adults and neonates. We treated the cortical neurons with recombinant Asporin or CD109 to observe their direct effects on neurons in vitro. We demonstrated that these molecules enhance neurite outgrowth in neurons. However, these molecules did not enhance re-growth of severed axons. Our results suggest that Asporin and CD109 influence neurites at the lesion site, rather than promoting axon regeneration, to restore neural function in neonates after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Hosen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iyo Ikeda-Yorifuji
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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2
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Medzikovic L, Aryan L, Ruffenach G, Li M, Savalli N, Sun W, Sarji S, Hong J, Sharma S, Olcese R, Fishbein G, Eghbali M. Myocardial fibrosis and calcification are attenuated by microRNA-129-5p targeting Asporin and Sox9 in cardiac fibroblasts. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168655. [PMID: 37154157 PMCID: PMC10243800 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis and calcification associate with adverse outcomes in nonischemic heart failure. Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) transition into myofibroblasts (MF) and osteogenic fibroblasts (OF) to promote myocardial fibrosis and calcification. However, common upstream mechanisms regulating both CF-to-MF transition and CF-to-OF transition remain unknown. microRNAs are promising targets to modulate CF plasticity. Our bioinformatics revealed downregulation of miR-129-5p and upregulation of its targets small leucine-rich proteoglycan Asporin (ASPN) and transcription factor SOX9 as common in mouse and human heart failure (HF). We experimentally confirmed decreased miR-129-5p and enhanced SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF in human hearts with myocardial fibrosis and calcification. miR-129-5p repressed both CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in primary CF, as did knockdown of SOX9 and ASPN. Sox9 and Aspn are direct targets of miR-129-5p that inhibit downstream β-catenin expression. Chronic Angiotensin II infusion downregulated miR-129-5p in CF in WT and TCF21-lineage CF reporter mice, and it was restored by miR-129-5p mimic. Importantly, miR-129-5p mimic not only attenuated progression of myocardial fibrosis, calcification marker expression, and SOX9 and ASPN expression in CF but also restored diastolic and systolic function. Together, we demonstrate miR-129-5p/ASPN and miR-129-5p/SOX9 as potentially novel dysregulated axes in CF-to-MF and CF-to-OF transition in myocardial fibrosis and calcification and the therapeutic relevance of miR-129-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laila Aryan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | | | - Min Li
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | | | - Wasila Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Shervin Sarji
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Jason Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine
| | - Salil Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
- Department of Physiology, and
| | - Gregory Fishbein
- Department of Physiology, and
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dutta P, Sengupta A, Chakraborty S. Epigenetics: a new warrior against cardiovascular calcification, a forerunner in modern lifestyle diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62093-62110. [PMID: 34601672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arterial and aortic valve calcifications are the most prevalent pathophysiological conditions among all the reported cases of cardiovascular calcifications. It increases with several risk factors like age, hypertension, external stimuli, mechanical forces, lipid deposition, malfunction of genes and signaling pathways, enhancement of naturally occurring calcium inhibitors, and many others. Modern-day lifestyle is affected by numerous environmental factors and harmful toxins that impair our health rather than providing benefits. Applying the combinatorial approach or targeting the exact mechanism could be a new strategy for drug designing or attenuating the severity of calcification. Most of the non-communicable diseases are life-threatening; thus, altering the phenotype and not the genotype may reveal the gateway for fighting with upcoming hurdles. Overall, this review summarizes the reason behind the generation of arterial and aortic valve calcification and its related signaling pathways and also the detrimental effects of calcification. In addition, the individual process of epigenetics and how the implementation of this process becomes a novel approach for diminishing the harmful effect of calcification are discussed. Noteworthy, as epigenetics is linked with genetics and environmental factors necessitates further clinical trials for complete and in-depth understanding and application of this strategy in a more specific and prudent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parna Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Baker building, 2nd floor, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life science & Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Baker building, 2nd floor, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
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Guo Y, Ning B, Zhang Q, Ma J, Zhao L, Lu Q, Zhang D. Identification of Hub Diagnostic Biomarkers and Candidate Therapeutic Drugs in Heart Failure. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:623-635. [PMID: 35058712 PMCID: PMC8765546 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s349235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the potential regulatory mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic drugs for heart failure (HF). Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HF and non-failing donors were screened from the GSE57345, GSE5406, and GSE3586 datasets. Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Metascape were used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses respectively. The GSE57345 dataset was used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The intersecting hub genes from the DEGs and WGCNA were identified and verified with the GSE5406 and GSE3586 datasets. The diagnostic value of the hub genes was calculated through receiver operating characteristic analysis and net reclassification index (NRI). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to filter out the signaling pathways associated with the hub genes. SYBYL 2.1 was used for molecular docking of hub targets and potential HF drugs obtained from the connection map. Results Functional annotation of the DEGs showed enrichment of negative regulation of angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and heart development. PTN, LUM, ISLR, and ASPN were identified as the hub genes of HF. GSEA showed that the key genes were related to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Sirolimus, LY-294002, and wortmannin have been confirmed as potential drugs for HF. Conclusion We identified new hub genes and candidate therapeutic drugs for HF, which are potential diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobin Ning
- Department of Medicine, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - QiQin Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
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Proteoglycans and Diseases of Soft Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:127-138. [PMID: 34807417 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of protein cores to which at least one glycosaminoglycan chain is attached. They play important roles in the physiology and biomechanical function of tendons, ligaments, cardiovascular system, and other systems through their involvement in regulation of assembly and maintenance of extracellular matrix, and through their participation in cell proliferation together with growth factors. They can be divided into two main groups, small and large proteoglycans. The small proteoglycans are also known as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) which are encoded by 18 genes and are further subclassified into Classes I-V. Several members of Class I and II, such as decorin and biglycan from Class I, and Class II fibromodulin and lumican, are known to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. Decorin limits the diameter of collagen fibrils during fibrillogenesis. The function of biglycan in fibrillogenesis is similar to that of decorin. Though biomechanical function of tendon is compromised in decorin-deficient mice, decorin can substitute for lack of biglycan in biglycan-deficient mice. New data also indicate an important role for biglycan in disorders of the cardiovascular system, including aortic valve stenosis and aortic dissection. Two members of the Class II of SLRPs, fibromodulin and lumican bind to the same site within the collagen molecule and can substitute for each other in fibromodulin- or lumican-deficient mice.Aggrecan and versican are the major representatives of the large proteoglycans. Though they are mainly found in the cartilage where they provide resilience and toughness, they are present also in tensile portions of tendons and, in slightly different biochemical form in fibrocartilage. Degradation by aggrecanase is responsible for the appearance of different forms of aggrecan and versican in different parts of the tendon where these cleaved forms play different roles. In addition, they are important components of the ventricularis of cardiac valves. Mutations in the gene for versican or in the gene for elastin (which binds to versican ) lead to severe disruptions of normal developmental of the heart at least in mice.
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Büttner P, Feistner L, Lurz P, Thiele H, Hutcheson JD, Schlotter F. Dissecting Calcific Aortic Valve Disease-The Role, Etiology, and Drivers of Valvular Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660797. [PMID: 34041283 PMCID: PMC8143377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder that ultimately causes gradual narrowing of the left ventricular outflow orifice with ensuing devastating hemodynamic effects on the heart. Calcific mineral accumulation is the hallmark pathology defining this process; however, fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that leads to extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue and distortion of the valvular microarchitecture similarly has major biomechanical and functional consequences for heart valve function. Significant advances have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that govern these active, cell-mediated processes, yet the interplay between fibrosis and calcification and the individual contribution to progressive extracellular matrix stiffening require further clarification. Specifically, we discuss (1) the valvular biomechanics and layered ECM composition, (2) patterns in the cellular contribution, temporal onset, and risk factors for valvular fibrosis, (3) imaging valvular fibrosis, (4) biomechanical implications of valvular fibrosis, and (5) molecular mechanisms promoting fibrotic tissue remodeling and the possibility of reverse remodeling. This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular drivers of fibrogenesis and the pathophysiological role of fibrosis in CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Feistner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua D. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Zhang K, Wu M, Qin X, Wen P, Wu Y, Zhuang J. Asporin is a Potential Promising Biomarker for Common Heart Failure. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:303-315. [PMID: 33605799 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of various diseases, especially ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to investigate the common molecular mechanism of ICM and DCM. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ICM or DCM samples compared with control were identified in GSE1869, GSE5406, GSE57338, GSE79962, GSE116250, and GSE46224 datasets. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein network analysis of the coregulated DEGs in at least four datasets were performed using the online tools of DAVID, the Metascape database, and the STRING database. Hub genes of HF were identified and validated by western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry in our tissue microarray (TMA). Seventy-four coregulated ICM and 126 coregulated DCM relevant DEGs were identified. Moreover, 59 common genes between ICM and DCM relevant DEGs were obtained, which were mainly involved in cardiac fibrosis and several signal pathways, such as Wnt signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, and HIF-1A signal pathway. Among the six hub genes with top degrees, asporin (ASPN) had a relatively higher correlation with LVEF. Finally, TMA and WB results revealed that the ASPN protein was significantly increased in ICM and DCM left ventricular samples. The present study revealed some common molecular mechanisms of HF with different causes. Furthermore, ASPN may be a potential promising biomarker for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyu Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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