1
|
Tian Z, Zhao Z, Rausch MA, Behm C, Shokoohi-Tabrizi HA, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. In Vitro Investigation of Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Nanofibers in Modulating Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7508. [PMID: 38138649 PMCID: PMC10744501 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aesthetic constancy and functional stability of periodontium largely depend on the presence of healthy mucogingival tissue. Soft tissue management is crucial to the success of periodontal surgery. Recently, synthetic substitute materials have been proposed to be used for soft tissue augmentation, but the tissue compatibility of these materials needs to be further investigated. This study aims to assess the in vitro responses of human gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hG-MSCs) cultured on a Gelatin/Polycaprolactone prototype (GPP) and volume-stable collagen matrix (VSCM). hG-MSCs were cultured onto the GPP, VSCM, or plastic for 3, 7, and 14 days. The proliferation and/or viability were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and resazurin-based toxicity assay. Cell morphology and adhesion were evaluated by microscopy. The gene expression of collagen type I, alpha1 (COL1A1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), integrin beta-1 (ITG-β1), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was investigated by RT-qPCR. The levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β1, and IL-8 proteins in conditioned media were tested by ELISA. GPP improved both cell proliferation and viability compared to VSCM. The cells grown on GPP exhibited a distinct morphology and attachment performance. COL1A1, α-SMA, VEGF-A, FGF-2, and FAK were positively modulated in hG-MSCs on GPP at different investigation times. GPP increased the gene expression of TGF-β1 but had no effect on protein production. The level of ITG-β1 had no significant changes in cells seeded on GPP at 7 days. At 3 days, notable differences in VEGF-A, TGF-β1, and α-SMA expression levels were observed between cells seeded on GPP and those on VSCM. Meanwhile, GPP showed higher COL1A1 expression compared to VSCM after 14 days, whereas VSCM demonstrated a more significant upregulation in the production of IL-8. Taken together, our data suggest that GPP electrospun nanofibers have great potential as substitutes for soft tissue regeneration in successful periodontal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Tian
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (Z.T.); (Z.Z.); (M.A.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Zhongqi Zhao
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (Z.T.); (Z.Z.); (M.A.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (Z.T.); (Z.Z.); (M.A.R.); (C.B.)
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (Z.T.); (Z.Z.); (M.A.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hassan Ali Shokoohi-Tabrizi
- Core Facility Applied Physics, Laser and CAD/CAM Technology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (Z.T.); (Z.Z.); (M.A.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria;
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miłek O, Tur D, Ahčin L, Voitseshyna O, Behm C, Andrukhov O. Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stromal Cells Influences Their Immunosuppressive Potential toward Allogenic CD4 + T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16439. [PMID: 38003629 PMCID: PMC10671619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation ability of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) in vivo is limited; therefore, some studies considered strategies involving their pre-differentiation in vitro. However, it is not known how the differentiation of hPDL-MSCs influences their immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated how osteogenic differentiation of hPDL-MSCs affects their ability to suppress CD4+ T-lymphocyte proliferation. hPDL-MSCs were cultured for 21 days in osteogenic differentiation or standard culture media. Allogeneic CD4+ T lymphocytes were co-cultured with undifferentiated and differentiated cells in the presence or absence of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and their proliferation and apoptosis were measured. Additionally, the effects of these cytokines on the expression of immunomodulatory or pro-inflammatory factors were investigated. Our data show that osteogenic differentiation of hPDL-MSCs reduced their ability to suppress the proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the presence of IFN-γ and enhanced this ability in the presence of IL-1β. These changes were accompanied by a slightly decreased proportion of apoptotic CD4+ in the presence of IFN-γ. The osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by decreases and increases in the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in the presence of IFN-γ and IL-1β, respectively. The basal production of interleukin-8 by hPDL-MSCs was substantially increased upon osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, this study suggests that pre-differentiation strategies in vitro may impact the immunomodulatory properties of hPDL-MSCs and subsequently affect their therapeutic effectiveness in vivo. These findings provide important insights for the development of MSC-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Miłek
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.A.); (O.V.)
| | - Dino Tur
- Clinical Division of Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Lucia Ahčin
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.A.); (O.V.)
| | - Olha Voitseshyna
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.A.); (O.V.)
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.A.); (O.V.)
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (L.A.); (O.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Čolić M, Miljuš N, Đokić J, Bekić M, Krivokuća A, Tomić S, Radojević D, Radanović M, Eraković M, Ismaili B, Škrbić R. Pomegranate Peel Extract Differently Modulates Gene Expression in Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under Physiological and Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15407. [PMID: 37895087 PMCID: PMC10607867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate has shown a favorable effect on gingivitis/periodontitis, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to test the effect of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) under physiological and inflammatory conditions. GMSC lines from healthy (H) and periodontitis (P) gingiva (n = 3 of each) were established. The lines were treated with two non-toxic concentrations of PoPEX (low-10; high-40 µg/mL), with or without additional lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Twenty-four genes in GMSCs involved in different functions were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PoPEx (mostly at higher concentrations) inhibited the basal expression of IL-6, MCP-1, GRO-α, RANTES, IP-10, HIF-1α, SDF-1, and HGF but increased the expression of IL-8, TLR3, TGF-β, TGF-β/LAP ratio, IDO-1, and IGFB4 genes in H-GMSCs. PoPEx increased IL-6, RANTES, MMP3, and BMP2 but inhibited TLR2 and GRO-α gene expression in P-GMSCs. LPS upregulated genes for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue regeneration/repair (MMP3, IGFBP4, HGF), and immunomodulation (IP-10, RANTES, IDO-1, TLR3, COX-2), more strongly in P-GMSCs. PoPEx also potentiated most genes' expression in LPS-stimulated P-GMSCs, including upregulation of osteoblastic genes (RUNX2, BMP2, COL1A1, and OPG), simultaneously inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, the modulatory effects of PoPEx on gene expression in GMSCs are complex and dependent on applied concentrations, GMSC type, and LPS stimulation. Generally, the effect is more pronounced in inflammation-simulating conditions.
Collapse
Grants
- 451-03-68/2020-14/200019 Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia
- MFVMA/03/20-22 University of Defense in Belgrade, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- UIS/MFF: I.1.20-22 University of East Sarajevo, Medical Faculty Foča, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- N/A Medical Faculty Banja Luka, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nataša Miljuš
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Aleksandra Krivokuća
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Marina Radanović
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Mile Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11154 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bashkim Ismaili
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, International Balkan University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.M.); (A.K.); (R.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández A, Herrera D, Hoare A, Hernández M, Torres VA. Lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis promote angiogenesis via Toll-like-receptors 2 and 4 pathways in vitro. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1270-1283. [PMID: 37461231 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Angiogenesis contributes to the development of apical periodontitis, periodontitis, and other oral pathologies; however, it remains unclear how this process is triggered. The aim was to evaluate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced angiogenesis-related effects in vitro via TLR2 and TLR4. METHODOLOGY Porphyromonas endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406 and clinical isolate) was purified with TRIzol, whereas P. gingivalis LPS was obtained commercially. The effects of the different LPS (24 h) in endothelial cell migration were analysed by Transwell assays, following quantification in an optical microscope (40×). The effects of LPS on FAK Y397 phosphorylation were assessed by Western blotting. Angiogenesis in vitro was determined in an endothelial tube formation assay (14 h) in Matrigel in the absence or presence of either LPS. IL-6 and VEGF-A levels were determined in cell supernatants, following 24 h treatment with LPS, and measured in multiplex bead immunoassay. The involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 was assessed with blocking antibodies. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12® (StataCorp LP). RESULTS The results revealed that P. endodontalis LPS, but not P. gingivalis LPS, stimulated endothelial cell migration. Pre-treatment with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies prevented P. endodontalis LPS-induced cell migration. P. endodontalis LPS promoted FAK phosphorylation on Y397, as observed by an increased p-FAK/FAK ratio. Both P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406) induced endothelial tube formation in a TLR-2 and -4-dependent manner, as shown by using blocking antibodies, however, only TLR2 blocking decreased tube formation induced by P. endodontalis (clinical isolate). Moreover, all LPS induced IL-6 and VEGF-A synthesis in endothelial cells. TLR2 and TLR4 were required for IL-6 induction by P. endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406), while only TLR4 was involved in IL-6 secretion by the other LPS. Finally, VEGF-A synthesis did not require TLR signalling. CONCLUSION Porphyromonas endodontalis and P. gingivalis LPS induced angiogenesis via TLR2 and TLR4. Collectively, these data contribute to understanding the role of LPS from Porphyromonas spp. in angiogenesis and TLR involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Herrera
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Makkar H, Lim CT, Tan KS, Sriram G. Modeling periodontal host-microbe interactions using vascularized gingival connective tissue equivalents. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045008. [PMID: 37473752 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gingival connective tissue and its vasculature play a crucial role in the host's immune response against the periodontal microbiome and serve as a bridge between the oral and systemic environments. However, there is a lack of representative models that mimic the complex features of vascularized gingival connective tissue and its interaction with the periodontal microbiome, hindering our understanding of periodontal health and disease. Towards this pursuit, we present the characterization of vascularized gingival connective tissue equivalents (CTEs) as a model to study the interactions between oral biofilm colonizers and gingival tissues in healthy and diseased states. Whole-mount immunolabeling and label-free confocal reflectance microscopy of human fibrin-based matrix embedded with gingival fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells demonstrated the generation of bi-cellular vascularized gingival CTEs. Next, we investigated the response of the vascularized gingival CTEs to early, intermediate, and late oral biofilm colonizers. Despite colonization, the early colonizers did not elicit any significant change in the production of the cytokines and chemokines by the CTEs representative of the commensal and homeostatic state. In contrast, intermediate and late colonizers representing a transition to a diseased state exhibited connective tissue and vascular invasion, and elicited a differential immune response accompanied by increased monocyte migration. The culture supernatants produced by the vascularized gingival CTEs in response to early and intermediate colonizers polarized macrophages towards an immunomodulatory M2-like phenotype which activates and protects the host, while the late colonizers polarized towards a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype. Lastly,in silicoanalysis showed a high strength of associations between the proteins and transcripts investigated with periodontitis and vascular diseases. In conclusion, the vascularized gingival CTEs provide a biomimeticin vitroplatform to study host-microbiome interactions and innate immune response in periodontal health and diseased states, which potentially paves the way toward the development and assessment of novel periodontal therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kendlbacher FL, Bloch S, Hager‐Mair FF, Bacher J, Janesch B, Thurnheer T, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Multispecies biofilm behavior and host interaction support the association of Tannerella serpentiformis with periodontal health. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:115-133. [PMID: 35964247 PMCID: PMC10947601 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified bacterium Tannerella serpentiformis is the closest phylogenetic relative of Tannerella forsythia, whose presence in oral biofilms is associated with periodontitis. Conversely, T. serpentiformis is considered health-associated. This discrepancy was investigated in a comparative study of the two Tannerella species. The biofilm behavior was analyzed upon their addition and of Porphyromonas gingivalis-each bacterium separately or in combinations-to an in vitro five-species oral model biofilm. Biofilm composition and architecture was analyzed quantitatively using real-time PCR and qualitatively by fluorescence in situ hybridization/confocal laser scanning microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of T. serpentiformis led to a decrease of the total cell number of biofilm bacteria, while P. gingivalis was growth-promoting. This effect was mitigated by T. serpentiformis when added to the biofilm together with P. gingivalis. Notably, T. serpentiformis outcompeted T. forsythia numbers when the two species were simultaneously added to the biofilm compared to biofilms containing T. forsythia alone. Tannerella serpentiformis appeared evenly distributed throughout the multispecies biofilm, while T. forsythia was surface-located. Adhesion and invasion assays revealed that T. serpentiformis was significantly less effective in invading human gingival epithelial cells than T. forsythia. Furthermore, compared to T. forsythia, a higher immunostimulatory potential of human gingival fibroblasts and macrophages was revealed for T. serpentiformis, based on mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory mediators interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor α, and production of the corresponding proteins. Collectively, these data support the potential of T. serpentiformis to interfere with biological processes relevant to the establishment of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian L. Kendlbacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Fiona F. Hager‐Mair
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Johanna Bacher
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryDivision of Clinical Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyCenter of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal ResearchUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnologyUniversität für Bodenkultur WienViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Behm C, Blufstein A, Gahn J, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 generates immunomodulatory plasticity in human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells that is inflammatory context-dependent. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100041. [PMID: 36761739 PMCID: PMC9902380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) exhibit a tight bi-directional interaction with CD4+ T lymphocytes. The hPDL-MSCs' immunomodulatory abilities are drastically enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines via boosting the expression of various immunomediators. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), the major metabolite of vitamin D3 in the blood, affects both hPDL-MSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes, but its influence on their interaction is unknown. Methods Therefore, primary hPDL-MSCs were stimulated in vitro with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α a or interleukin (IL)-1β in the absence and presence of 25(OH)D3 followed by an indirect co-culture with phytohemagglutinin-activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. The CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, viability, and cytokine secretion were analyzed. Additionally, the expression of various immunomediators in hPDL-MSCs was investigated, and their implication was verified by using pharmacological inhibitors. Results 25(OH)D3 significantly counteracted the suppressive effects of IL-1β-treated hPDL-MSCs on CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, whereas no effects were observed in the presence of TNF-α. Additionally, 25(OH)D3 significantly increased the percentage of viable CD4+ T lymphocytes via TNF-α- or IL-1β-treated hPDL-MSCs. It also caused a significant decrease in interferon-γ, IL-17A, and transforming growth factor-β productions, which were triggered by TNF-α-treated hPDL-MSCs. 25(OH)D3 significantly decreased the production of various immunomediators in hPDL-MSCs. Inhibition of two of them, prostaglandin E2 and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, partially abolished some of the hPDL-MSCs-mediated effects of 25(OH)D3 on CD4+ T lymphocytes. Conclusion These data indicate that 25(OH)D3 influences the immunomodulatory activities of hPDL-MSCs. This modulatory potential seems to have high plasticity depending on the local cytokine conditions and may be involved in regulating periodontal tissue inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Competence Center Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Competence Center Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nemec M, Behm C, Maierhofer V, Gau J, Kolba A, Jonke E, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Effect of Titanium and Zirconia Nanoparticles on Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710022. [PMID: 36077419 PMCID: PMC9456558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano- and microparticles are currently being discussed as potential risk factors for peri-implant disease. In the present study, we compared the responses of human gingival mesenchymal stromal cells (hG-MSCs) on titanium and zirconia nanoparticles (<100 nm) in the absence and presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The primary hG-MSCs were treated with titanium and zirconia nanoparticles in concentrations up to 2.000 µg/mL for 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h. Additionally, the cells were treated with different nanoparticles (25−100 µg/mL) in the presence of P. gingivalis LPS for 24 h. The cell proliferation and viability assay and live−dead and focal adhesion stainings were performed, and the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured. The cell proliferation and viability were inhibited by the titanium (>1000 µg/mL) but not the zirconia nanoparticles, which was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis. Both types of nanoparticles (>25 µg/mL) induced the significant expression of IL-8 in gingival MSCs, and a slightly higher effect was observed for titanium nanoparticles. Both nanoparticles substantially enhanced the P. gingivalis LPS-induced IL-8 production; a higher effect was observed for zirconia nanoparticles. The production of inflammatory mediators by hG-MSCs is affected by the nanoparticles. This effect depends on the nanoparticle material and the presence of inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nemec
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Maierhofer
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Gau
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Kolba
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40070-2620
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pritchard AB, Fabian Z, Lawrence CL, Morton G, Crean S, Alder JE. An Investigation into the Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity, Permeability, and Disruption of Scaffolding Proteins in a Human in vitro Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:343-364. [PMID: 35034897 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the key pathogens and virulence factors associated with gum disease such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) on the central nervous system is of great interest with respect to development of neuropathologies and hence therapeutics and preventative strategies. Chronic infections and associated inflammation are known to weaken the first line of defense for the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). OBJECTIVE The focus of this study is to utilize an established human in vitro BBB model to evaluate the effects of P. gingivalis virulence factors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on a primary-derived human model representing the neurovascular unit of the BBB. METHODS Changes to the integrity of the BBB after application of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs were investigated and correlated with transport of LPS. Additionally, the effect of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs on human brain microvascular endothelial cells in monolayer was evaluated using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The integrity of the BBB model was weakened by application of P. gingivalis LPS and OMVs, as measured by a decrease in electrical resistance and a recovery deficit was seen in comparison to the controls. Application of P. gingivalis OMVs to a monoculture of human brain microvascular endothelial cells showed disruption of the tight junction zona occludens protein (ZO-1) compared to controls. CONCLUSION These findings show that the integrity of tight junctions of the human BBB could be weakened by association with P. gingivalis virulence factors LPS and OMVs containing proteolytic enzymes (gingipains).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barlach Pritchard
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Zsolt Fabian
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Clare L Lawrence
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Glyn Morton
- School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - StJohn Crean
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Jane E Alder
- Brain and Behaviour Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Braun ML, Tomek MB, Grünwald-Gruber C, Nguyen PQ, Bloch S, Potempa JS, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Shut-Down of Type IX Protein Secretion Alters the Host Immune Response to Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835509. [PMID: 35223555 PMCID: PMC8869499 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis target distinct virulence factors bearing a structurally conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) to the type IX protein secretion system (T9SS). The T9SS comprises an outer membrane translocation complex which works in concert with a signal peptidase for CTD cleavage. Among prominent T9SS cargo linked to periodontal diseases are the TfsA and TfsB components of T. forsythia’s cell surface (S-) layer, the bacterium’s BspA surface antigen and a set of cysteine proteinases (gingipains) from P. gingivalis. To assess the overall role of the bacterial T9SS in the host response, human macrophages and human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with T. forsythia and P. gingivalis wild-type bacteria and T9SS signal peptidase-deficient mutants defective in protein secretion, respectively. The immunostimulatory potential of these bacteria was compared by analyzing the mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α by qPCR and by measuring the production of the corresponding proteins by ELISA. Shot-gun proteomics analysis of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis outer membrane preparations confirmed that several CTD-bearing virulence factors which interact with the human immune system were depleted from the signal peptidase mutants, supportive of effective T9SS shut-down. Three and, more profoundly, 16 hours post stimulation, the T. forsythia T9SS mutant induced significantly less production of cytokines and the chemokine in human cells compared to the corresponding parent strain, while the opposite was observed for the P. gingivalis T9SS mutant. Our data indicate that T9SS shut-down translates into an altered inflammatory response in periodontal pathogens. Thus, the T9SS as a potential novel target for periodontal therapy needs further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L. Braun
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus B. Tomek
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phuong Q. Nguyen
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan S. Potempa
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease Group, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Christina Schäffer, ; Oleh Andrukhov,
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Christina Schäffer, ; Oleh Andrukhov,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andrukhov O. Toll-Like Receptors and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:648901. [PMID: 35048000 PMCID: PMC8757738 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.648901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for clinical application in and beyond dentistry. These cells possess multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. Due to their localization in the oral cavity, these cells could sometimes be exposed to different bacteria and viruses. Dental MSCs express various Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and therefore, they can recognize different microorganisms. The engagement of TLRs in dental MSCs by various ligands might change their properties and function. The differentiation capacity of dental MSCs might be either inhibited or enhanced by TLRs ligands depending on their nature and concentrations. Activation of TLR signaling in dental MSCs induces the production of proinflammatory mediators. Additionally, TLR ligands alter the immunomodulatory ability of dental MSCs, but this aspect is still poorly explored. Understanding the role of TLR signaling in dental MSCs physiology is essential to assess their role in oral homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Makkar H, Atkuru S, Tang YL, Sethi T, Lim CT, Tan KS, Sriram G. Differential immune responses of 3D gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents to microbial colonization. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221111650. [PMID: 35923175 PMCID: PMC9340411 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are functionally distinct cell
types within the dento-gingival unit that participate in host immune response.
Their microenvironment influences the behavior and immune response to microbial
challenge. We developed three-dimensional gingival and periodontal connective
tissue equivalents (CTEs) using human fibrin-based matrix. The CTEs were
characterized, and the heterogeneity in their innate immune response was
investigated. The CTEs demonstrated no to minimal response to planktonic
Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus
oralis, while their biofilms elicited a moderate increase in IL-6
and IL-8 production. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum
provoked a substantial increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, the
gingival CTEs secreted significantly higher IL-6, while periodontal counterparts
produced higher IL-8. In conclusion, the gingival and periodontal CTEs exhibited
differential responses to various bacterial challenges. This gives insights into
the contribution of tissue topography and fibroblast heterogeneity in rendering
protective and specific immune responses toward early biofilm colonizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ling Tang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanya Sethi
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang X, An N, Ouyang X. STAT1/SOCS1/3 Are Involved in the Inflammation-Regulating Effect of GAS6/AXL in Periodontal Ligament Cells Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9577695. [PMID: 34734092 PMCID: PMC8560282 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9577695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves chronic inflammation of the tissues around the teeth caused by plaque and the corresponding immune response. Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) are known to be involved in inflammatory diseases, while signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are related to inflammatory processes. Moreover, miRNA34a directly targets AXL to regulate the AXL expression. However, the specific roles of GAS6 and AXL in periodontitis remain unclear. This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of AXL on the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). The effects of different concentrations of P. gingivalis LPS on the expression of GAS6/AXL in hPDLCs were observed. Additionally, the effect of LPS on AXL was investigated by transfection of the miRNA34a inhibitor. AXL was knocked down or overexpressed to observe the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 8 and IL-6. The results showed that the expression levels of GAS6 and AXL decreased after P. gingivalis LPS infection. Transfection of a miR-34a inhibitor to hPDLCs demonstrated a role of miR-34a in the downregulation of AXL expression induced by LPS. Moreover, AXL knockdown or overexpression influencing the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 was investigated under LPS stimulation. AXL knockdown decreased the expression of STAT1 and SOCS1/3. Overall, these results demonstrate that AXL inhibits the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in hPDLCs and that STAT1 and SOCS1/3 are involved in the regulation of inflammation by GAS6/AXL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuekui Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Banavar SR, Rawal SY, Pulikkotil SJ, Daood U, Paterson IC, Davamani FA, Kajiya M, Kurihara H, Khoo SP, Tan EL. 3D Clumps/Extracellular Matrix Complexes of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Ameliorate the Attenuating Effects of LPS on Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential. J Pers Med 2021; 11:528. [PMID: 34207600 PMCID: PMC8227185 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) of MSCs have been frequently studied. OBJECTIVE to compare the effects of LPS on periodontal-ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) in monolayer and 3D culture. METHODS The PDLSCs were colorimetrically assessed for proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) after LPS treatment. The 3D cells were manually prepared by scratching and allowing them to clump up. The clumps (C-MSCs) were treated with LPS and assessed for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and OP. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze calcium salts, DNA, and proline/hydroxyproline. Multiplexed ELISA was performed to assess LPS induced local inflammation. RESULTS The proliferation of PDLSCs decreased with LPS. On Day 28, LPS-treated cells showed a reduction in their OP. C-MSCs with LPS did not show a decrease in ATP production. Principal bands identified in Raman analysis were the P-O bond at 960 cm-1 of the mineral component, 785 cm-1, and 855 cm-1 showing qualitative changes in OP, proliferation, and proline/hydroxyproline content, respectively. ELISA confirmed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 but with the absence of TNF-α and IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that C-MSCs are more resistant to the effects of LPS than cells in monolayer cell culture. Though LPS stimulation of C-MSCs creates an early pro-inflammatory milieu by secreting IL-6 and IL-8, PDLSCs possess inactivated TNF promoter and an ineffective caspase-1 activating process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Swati Yeshwant Rawal
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (S.J.P.); (U.D.)
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Dental Academy, 1-6-2 Higashiyanagi, Kudamatsu City 744-0017, Japan;
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Impact of Implant Surface Material and Microscale Roughness on the Initial Attachment and Proliferation of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050356. [PMID: 33922217 PMCID: PMC8145850 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for zirconia (Zr) based implant systems, it is important to understand the impact of Zr and titanium (Ti) implants and particularly their topography on soft tissue healing. As human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) are the predominant cells in peri-implant soft tissue, we focused on examining the effect of implant material and surface roughness on hGFs' initial attachment, growth and the expression of proteins involved in the focal adhesion. hGFs isolated from eight healthy donors were cultured on the following surfaces: smooth titanium machined surface (TiM), smooth zirconia machined surface (ZrM), moderately rough titanium surface (SLA), or moderately rough zirconia surface (ZLA) for up to 14 days. The initial attachment of hGFs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by cell counting kit 8. Focal adhesion and cytoskeleton were visualized by a focal adhesion staining kit. The gene expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and integrin subunits ITG-β1, ITG-β4, ITG-α4, ITG-α5, ITG-α6, was evaluated by qPCR. Cell proliferation/viability was slightly decreased by moderately rough surfaces, whereas no effect of surface material was observed. Cell morphology was strikingly different between differently treated surfaces: on machined surfaces, cells had elongated morphology and were attached along the grooves, whereas on moderately rough surfaces, cells were randomly attached. Surface roughness had a more pronounced effect on the gene expression compared to the surface material. The expression of FAK, α-SMA, ITG-β4, ITG-α5, and ITG-α6 was enhanced by moderately rough surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the behavior of primary hGFs is primarily affected by surface structure, whereas no apparent advantage of Zr over Ti could be observed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Behm C, Nemec M, Blufstein A, Schubert M, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. Interleukin-1β Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under In Vitro Simulated Static Orthodontic Forces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031027. [PMID: 33498591 PMCID: PMC7864333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) responds to applied orthodontic forces by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, in which human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) are largely involved by producing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their local inhibitors (TIMPs). Apart from orthodontic forces, the synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs is influenced by the aseptic inflammation occurring during orthodontic treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β is one of the most abundant inflammatory mediators in this process and crucially affects the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the presence of cyclic low-magnitude orthodontic tensile forces. In this study we aimed to investigate, for the first time, how IL-1β induced expression of MMPs, TIMPs and how IL-1β in hPDL-MSCs was changed after applying in vitro low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains in a static application mode. Hence, primary hPDL-MSCs were stimulated with IL-1β in combination with static tensile strains (STS) with 6% elongation. After 6- and 24 h, MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and IL-1β expression levels were measured. STS alone had no influence on the basal expression of investigated target genes, whereas IL-1β caused increased expression of these genes. In combination, they increased the gene and protein expression of MMP-1 and the gene expression of MMP-2 after 24 h. After 6 h, STS reduced IL-1β-induced MMP-1 synthesis and MMP-2 gene expression. IL-1β-induced TIMP-1 gene expression was decreased by STS after 6- and 24-h. At both time points, the IL-1β-induced gene expression of IL-1β was increased. Additionally, this study showed that fetal bovine serum (FBS) caused an overall suppression of IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Further, it caused lower or opposite effects of STS on IL-1β-induced expression. These observations suggest that low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains may favor a more inflammatory and destructive response of hPDL-MSCs when using a static application form and that this response is highly influenced by the presence of FBS in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Nemec
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria Schubert
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ascorbic Acid: A New Player of Epigenetic Regulation in LPS- gingivalis Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6679708. [PMID: 33542783 PMCID: PMC7840256 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is usually sustained from microorganism of oral cavity, like Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Periodontal disease is an infectious disease that afflicts a large number of people. Researches are investigating on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) response to inflammatory events in combination with antioxidant substances. In particular, ascorbic acid (AA) increased cell proliferation, upregulated the cells pluripotency marker expression, provide a protection from inflammation, and induced the regeneration of periodontal ligament tissue. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effects of AA in primary culture of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) exposed to P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-G). The effect of AA on hPDLSCs exposed to LPS-G was determined through the cell proliferation assay. The molecules involved in the inflammatory pathway and epigenetic regulation have been identified using immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. miR-210 level was quantified by qRT-PCR, and the ROS generation was finally studied. Cells co-treated with LPS-G and AA showed a restoration in terms of cell proliferation. The expression of NFκB, MyD88, and p300 was upregulated in LPS-G exposed cells, while the expression was attenuated in the co-treatment with AA. DNMT1 expression is attenuated in the cells exposed to the inflammatory stimulus. The level of miR-210 was reduced in stimulated cells, while the expression was evident in the hPDLSCs co-treated with LPS-G and AA. In conclusion, the AA could enhance a protective effect in in vitro periodontitis model, downregulating the inflammatory pathway and ROS generation and modulating the miR-210 level.
Collapse
|
18
|
An N, Holl J, Wang X, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Potential Suppressive Effect of Nicotine on the Inflammatory Response in Oral Epithelial Cells: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020483. [PMID: 33435295 PMCID: PMC7826768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for oral mucosal and periodontal diseases. Nicotine is an important component of cigarette smoke. This study aims to investigate the impact of nicotine on the viability and inflammatory mediator production of an oral epithelial cell line in the presence of various inflammatory stimuli. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells were challenged with nicotine (10−8–10−2 M) for 24 h in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10−7 M) for 24 h. The cell proliferation/viability was determined by MTT assay. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and β-defensin was assayed by qPCR. The production of IL-8 protein and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Proliferation/viability of HSC-2 cells was unaffected by nicotine at concentrations up to 10−3 M and inhibited at 10−2 M. Nicotine had no significant effect on the basal expression of IL-8, ICAM-1, and β-defensin. At the same time, it significantly diminished P. gingivalis LPS or the TNF-α-induced expression levels of these factors. Within the limitations of this study, the first evidence was provided in vitro that nicotine probably exerts a suppressive effect on the production of inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides in human oral epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Jasmin Holl
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Xuekui Wang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (N.A.); (X.W.)
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40070-2620
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.H.); (M.A.R.); (X.R.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Behm C, Blufstein A, Gahn J, Kubin B, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Continuing Effect of Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptor Agonists on Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-1 in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem/Stromal Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122696. [PMID: 33339125 PMCID: PMC7765527 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising and innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Their regenerative potential is partly based upon their immunomodulatory activities. One of the most investigated immunomediators in MSCs, such as in periodontal ligament-derived MSCs (hPDLSCs), is indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) which is upregulated by inflammatory stimuli, like cytokines. However, there are no data concerning continuing IDO-1 expression in hPDLSCs after the removal of inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines and toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist-2 and TLR-3. Hence, primary hPDLSCs were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, TLR-2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or TLR-3 agonist Poly I/C. IDO-1 gene and protein expression and its enzymatic activity were measured up to five days after removing any stimuli. IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced IDO-1 expression and enzymatic activity decreased in a time-dependent manner after cessation of stimulation. IFN-γ caused a long-lasting effect on IDO-1 up to five days after removing IFN-γ. Both, TLR-2 and TLR-3 agonists induced a significant increase in IDO-1 gene expression, but only TLR-3 agonist induced significantly higher IDO-1 protein expression and enzymatic activity in conditioned media (CM). IDO-1 activity of Poly I/C- and Pam3CSK4-treated hPDLSCs was higher at one day after removal of stimuli than immediately after stimulation and declined to basal levels after five days. Among all tested stimuli, only IFN-γ was able to induce long-lasting IDO-1 expression and activity in hPDLSCs. The high plasticity of IDO-1 expression and its enzymatic activity in hPDLSCs due to the variable cytokine and virulence factor milieu and the temporal-dependent responsiveness of hPDLSCs may cause a highly dynamic potential of hPDLSCs to modulate immune responses in periodontal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kubin
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|