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Boorgula SY, Yelamanchili S, Sistla SK, Saher L, Gujjarlapudi D, E. S, V. SD, Duvvur NR. An Experience in Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in COVID -19 Patients. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 28:e180-e187. [PMID: 38618586 PMCID: PMC11008951 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has cast a gloom spell on healthcare worldwide, infecting millions of people. Objective The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence and review the contributing comorbidities and the precipitating factors leading to the emergence of the fungal infections in COVID-19-affected patients. To assess the utility of different laboratory techniques for confirmation of fungal infections. To assess the strengths and limitations of the diagnostic methods. Methods We have studied 252 clinical samples obtained from 121 COVID-positive patients. Results Among the 121 patients clinically diagnosed with fungal infections, 88 had diabetes and were given steroids for treatment ( p -value = 0.001). Ninety-five patients (78.5%) had a positive laboratory diagnosis (either culture positive, potassium hydroxide [KOH]-positive or positive histopathology report). Fungal culture was positive in 75 (61.9%) patients and histopathology report was positive in 62 (51.2%). Histopathology was positive in 7 (5.8%) patients in whom culture and KOH were negative. Conclusion Aggressive treatment methods, administration of immune suppressants, and antibiotics, with an intention to salvage, have made patients susceptible to the benign fungus, causing it to evade the host immunity, thus leading to invasive infections. Applying different laboratory modalities would not only aid in providing fast and valuable information but also help in understanding the pathology which would assist the clinician in selecting the correct treatment for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lubna Saher
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Shalini E.
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sindhu Devi V.
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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González Ramírez M, Hoyos Muñoz JA, Moreno Gómez GA, Aguirre Flórez M, Gómez González JF. Relationship between steroid use and superinfections in SARS-CoV-2 patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2023; 13:2277000. [PMID: 38187166 PMCID: PMC10769522 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2023.2277000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The use of steroids has been proposed as a pharmacological approach to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection to improve outcomes. However, there are doubts about safety against the development of superinfections and their worse outcomes. Objective: To establish the relative frequency of superinfection associated with using steroids in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis using PRISMA standards in 5 databases (PubMed/Scopus/Cochrane/EMBASE/Google Scholar). The search was carried out between February 2020 and May 2023. The search terms were 'steroids' or 'superinfection' 'and' followed by 'SARS-CoV-2' or 'COVID-19'. Results: We found 77 studies, but only 10 with 3539 patients were included in the systematic review. All patients developed severe disease. The documented OR for superinfection through the meta-analysis was 1.437 (95% IC 0.869-2.378) with a p-value of 0.158 without showing a risk attributed to steroids and the development of superinfections. In the Funnel-plot analysis, no publication biases were found. Conclusion: No relationship was found between using steroids and superinfection in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa González Ramírez
- Medical Doctor; Specialist in critical medicine and intensive care. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Jaime Andrés Hoyos Muñoz
- Medical Doctor; Specialist in critical medicine and intensive care. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez
- Medical Doctor; Clinical Epidemiologist. Ph.D. in Public Health. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Mateo Aguirre Flórez
- Medical Doctor. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - José Fernando Gómez González
- Medical Doctor; Specialist in critical medicine and intensive care. Grupo de investigación en Medicina Crítica y Cuidado Intensivo (GIMCCI). Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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3
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Feng X, Xu H. SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health: A review of potential mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12578-12596. [PMID: 35894645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great problems to mankind, including economic recession and poor health. COVID-19 patients are frequently reported with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in clinical diagnosis. Maintaining intestinal health is the key guarantee to maintain the normal function of multiple organs, otherwise it will be a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this review was deeply understanded the potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health and put forward reasonable treatment strategies. Combined with the existing researches, we summarized the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health, including intestinal microbiome disruption, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal cytokine storm. These adverse intestinal events may affect other organs through the circulatory system or aggravate the course of the disease. Typically, intestinal disadvantage may promote the progression of SARS-CoV-2 through the gut-lung axis and increase the disease degree of COVID-19 patients. In view of the lack of specific drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the current review described new strategies of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and maintain intestinal health. To provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Khan F, Jeong GJ, Javaid A, Thuy Nguyen Pham D, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Surface adherence and vacuolar internalization of bacterial pathogens to the Candida spp. cells: Mechanism of persistence and propagation. J Adv Res 2023; 53:115-136. [PMID: 36572338 PMCID: PMC10658324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-existence of Candida albicans with the bacteria in the host tissues and organs displays interactions at competitive, antagonistic, and synergistic levels. Several pathogenic bacteria take advantage of such types of interaction for their survival and proliferation. The chemical interaction involves the signaling molecules produced by the bacteria or Candida spp., whereas the physical attachment occurs by involving the surface proteins of the bacteria and Candida. In addition, bacterial pathogens have emerged to internalize inside the C. albicans vacuole, which is one of the inherent properties of the endosymbiotic relationship between the bacteria and the eukaryotic host. AIM OF REVIEW The interaction occurring by the involvement of surface protein from diverse bacterial species with Candida species has been discussed in detail in this paper. An in silico molecular docking study was performed between the surface proteins of different bacterial species and Als3P of C. albicans to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the Als3P-dependent interaction. Furthermore, in order to understand the specificity of C. albicans interaction with Als3P, the evolutionary relatedness of several bacterial surface proteins has been investigated. Furthermore, the environmental factors that influence bacterial pathogen internalization into the Candida vacuole have been addressed. Moreover, the review presented future perspectives for disrupting the cross-kingdom interaction and eradicating the endosymbiotic bacterial pathogens. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW With the involvement of cross-kingdom interactions and endosymbiotic relationships, the bacterial pathogens escape from the environmental stresses and the antimicrobial activity of the host immune system. Thus, the study of interactions between Candida and bacterial pathogens is of high clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Aqib Javaid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, India
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Ramli SR, Abdul Hadi FS, Nor Amdan NA, Kamaradin IH, Zabari N, Maniam S, Sulaiman NS, Ghazali S, Seman Z, Hashim R, Ahmad N. Secondary and Co-Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1547. [PMID: 37887248 PMCID: PMC10604684 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal secondary and co-infections are commonly identified with viral respiratory infections. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and factors associated with bacterial and fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 as well as antibiotics prescription patterns within the first and second waves of the outbreak in Malaysia. Clinical records of 3532 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals in Malaysia between 4 February and 4 August 2020 were analyzed. Co-morbidities, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complications were captured using the REDCap database. Culture and sensitivity test results were retrieved from the WHONET database. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify associated determinants. A total of 161 types of bacterial and fungal infections were found in 81 patients, i.e., 2.3%. The most common bacterial cultures were Gram-negative, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.9%). The most common fungal isolate was Candida albicans (41.2%). Augmentin, ceftriaxone, tazocin, meropenem, and azithromycin were the five most frequently prescribed antibiotics. The latter four were classified under the "Watch" category in the WHO AwaRe list. Our data showed that bacterial and fungal secondary and co-infections were frequently found in severely ill COVID-19 patients and were associated with a higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Roszilawati Ramli
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Fashihah Sherina Abdul Hadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Insyirah Husna Kamaradin
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Noraliza Zabari
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Saraswathiy Maniam
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suffia Sulaiman
- Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Sumarni Ghazali
- Special Resource Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Zamtira Seman
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
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Xie L, Chen L, Li X, Zhou J, Tian H, Zhao J, Li Z, Li Y. Analysis of Lung Microbiome in COVID-19 Patients during Time of Hospitalization. Pathogens 2023; 12:944. [PMID: 37513791 PMCID: PMC10386632 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the pathogenic agent of the rapidly spreading pneumonia called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily infects the respiratory and digestive tract. Several studies have indicated the alterations of the bacterial microbiome in the lower respiratory tract during viral infection. However, both bacterial and fungal microbiota in the lung of COVID-19 patients remained to be explored. METHODS In this study, we conducted nanopore sequencing analyses of the lower respiratory tract samples from 38 COVID-19 patients and 26 non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls. Both bacterial and fungal microbiome diversities and microbiota abundances in the lung were compared. RESULTS Our results revealed significant differences in lung microbiome between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls, which were strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical status. COVID-19 patients exhibited a notably higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida spp. Furthermore, the potential pathogens enriched in COVID-19 patients were positively correlated with inflammation indicators. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the differences in lung microbiome diversity and composition between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients. This may contribute to predicting co-pathogens and selecting optimal treatments for respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongpan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan 430071, China
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7
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Hatano H, Sumiya R, Misumi K, Miyazaki H, Ikeda T, Nagasaka S. Multilocular thymic cyst detected during COVID‑19 treatment in an HIV‑positive adult man: A case report and literature review. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:285. [PMID: 37206571 PMCID: PMC10189587 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) is a rare mediastinal tumor with multiloculated cyst-like structures in the anterior mediastinum. This tumfor is associated with inflammatory diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The present study reports a case of MTC detected during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment in an adult who was tested HIV positive. An anterior mediastinal tumor was incidentally detected on computed tomography in a 52-year-old man with a 20-year history of HIV infection on the 9th day of COVID-19. The patient was asymptomatic with no notable physical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 28-mm bilocular cyst. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic tumor resection was performed. Pathological examination showed that the cyst was lined with squamous or cuboidal epithelium, and the cystic lesion wall was mainly composed of thymic tissue with follicular hyperplasia. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with MTC. To date, only 15 MTC cases have been reported in patients with HIV, and the majority of cases showed HIV infection-related symptoms such as lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and parotid gland enlargement. The present case was atypical for an HIV-related MTC because it did not involve HIV infection-related symptoms, suggesting the possibility for an alternative etiology such as COVID-19. Further reports on MTC development in patients with COVID-19 are required to elucidate the relationship between MTC and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hatano
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sumiya
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Correspondence to: Dr Ryusuke Sumiya, Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kento Misumi
- Pathology Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideki Miyazaki
- Pathology Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagasaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
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Cut TG, Mavrea A, Cumpanas AA, Novacescu D, Oancea CI, Bratosin F, Marinescu AR, Laza R, Mocanu A, Pescariu AS, Manolescu D, Dumache R, Enache A, Hogea E, Lazureanu VE. A Retrospective Assessment of Sputum Samples and Antimicrobial Resistance in COVID-19 Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040620. [PMID: 37111506 PMCID: PMC10143659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on bacterial or fungal pathogens and their impact on the mortality rates of Western Romanian COVID-19 patients are scarce. As a result, the purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of bacterial and fungal co- and superinfections in Western Romanian adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in in-ward settings during the second half of the pandemic, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and clinical conditions. The unicentric retrospective observational study was conducted on 407 eligible patients. Expectorate sputum was selected as the sampling technique followed by routine microbiological investigations. A total of 31.5% of samples tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by 26.2% having co-infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae among patients admitted with COVID-19. The third most common Pathogenic bacteria identified in the sputum samples was Escherichia coli, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii in 9.3% of samples. Commensal human pathogens caused respiratory infections in 67 patients, the most prevalent being Streptococcus penumoniae, followed by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 53.4% of sputum samples tested positive for Candida spp., followed by 41.1% of samples with Aspergillus spp. growth. The three groups with positive microbial growth on sputum cultures had an equally proportional distribution of patients admitted to the ICU, with an average of 30%, compared with only 17.3% among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with negative sputum cultures (p = 0.003). More than 80% of all positive samples showed multidrug resistance. The high prevalence of bacterial and fungal co-infections and superinfections in COVID-19 patients mandates for strict and effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talida Georgiana Cut
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identifications, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, Nr. 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Mavrea
- Department VII, Internal Medicine II, Discipline of Cardiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Department XV, Discipline of Urology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorin Novacescu
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, Nr. 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Iulian Oancea
- Department XIII, Discipline of Pneumology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases (CRIPMRD), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Raluca Marinescu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Laza
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mocanu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Silvius Pescariu
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei, Nr. 54, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
- Department VII, Internal Medicine II, Discipline of Cardiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Department XV, Discipline of Radiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Dumache
- Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identifications, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department VIII, Discipline of Forensic Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Enache
- Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identifications, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department VIII, Discipline of Forensic Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Hogea
- Department XIV, Discipline of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Voichita Elena Lazureanu
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Iwona GM, Anna P, Mateusz F, Michal K, Anna K, Paweł M, Estera JM, Dorota R, Agnieszka C, Barbara Ż, Jadwiga WM. Impact of tooth brushing on oral bacteriota and health care-associated infections among ventilated COVID-19 patients: an intervention study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 36890608 PMCID: PMC9992909 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 48% of ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) during hospitalization in an ICU. Dysbiotic oral microbiota can colonize the lower respiratory tract and lead to VAP. It is recommended to introduce oral care strategies in the ICU to prevent VAP. In this study, we observed the impact of an oral hygienic protocol with tooth brushing on cultivable oral bacteriota, the incidence of HAI and patient safety among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in an ICU setting. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 56 adult COVID-19 patients who qualified for mechanical ventilation. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the oral care procedure: standard and extended oral procedures with tooth brushing. Oral bacteriota samples were taken first within 36 h and after 7 days of intubation. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. bacterial health care-associated infection (HAI) cases were retrospectively analyzed by etiology. A PFGE study was performed for Klebsiella pneumoniae to check for clonal spreading of strains from oral bacteriota samples and HAI cases. RESULTS We observed significant dysbiosis and a decrease in cultivable oral bacteriota diversity, with a high frequency of potentially pathogenic species, including Acinetobacter baumannii and K. pneumoniae. The HAI incidence rate was high (55.2/1000 patient-days), most commonly of K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii etiologies, which correlated with the presence of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in the oral samples. Strains isolated from VAP cases were the same as oral isolates in 8 cases. The procedure with tooth brushing led to less frequent identification of A. baumannii in oral samples (55.6% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.001); however, it did not decrease the incidence of HAIs. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiotic oral bacteriota is an important source of respiratory pathogens. The introduction of tooth brushing in oral hygiene protocols in an ICU setting was effective in decreasing the extent of oral bacteriota dysbiosis; however, it did not reduce the risk of HAIs or mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION 1072.6120.333.2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorczyk-Maga Iwona
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Montelupich 4, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pałka Anna
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Fiema Mateusz
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kania Michal
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. św. Anny 12, 31-008, Kraków, Poland. .,Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kujawska Anna
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maga Paweł
- Chair of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jachowicz-Matczak Estera
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Romaniszyn Dorota
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Chmielarczyk Agnieszka
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Żółtowska Barbara
- Center for Innovative Therapy, Clinical Research Coordination Center, University Hospital, Ul. Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wójkowska-Mach Jadwiga
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Al‐Hashimi OTM, AL‐Ansari WIA, Abbas SA, Jumaa DS, Hammad SA, Hammoudi FA, Allawi AAD. The sensitivity and specificity of COVID-19 rapid anti-gene test in comparison to RT-PCR test as a gold standard test. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24844. [PMID: 36725342 PMCID: PMC9978065 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a modern infectious disease, first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The etiology is via severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in a pandemic manner. The study aimed to compare between RT-PCR and rapid anti-gene tests for COVID-19 with regard to sensitivity and specificity. METHODS This is a cohort hospital-based study done during the period of July to September 2020. Both rapid anti-gene test kit (SARS-CoV-2) and RT-qPCR were used for the detection of COVID-19 in suspected cases. RESULTS A total of 148 cases were tested using both the RT-qPCR and rapid test. Twenty-nine (19.6%) of these cases had positive results for RT-qPCR and 119 (80.4%) were negative, whereas 52 (35.1%) patients were positive to rapid anti-gene test and 96 (64.9%) of them negative. The sensitivity of the rapid test was 37.9%, the specificity was 65.5% and the accuracy was 64.44%. Rapid IgG test was positive in 47 (31.8) of cases. Although, rapid IgM test was positive in 18 (12.2%). The rapid IgG test was more sensitive than rapid IgM (Sensitivity 34.48% vs. 3.45%), but it was less specific than rapid IgM test (Specificity 68.91% vs. 85.71%). CONCLUSION We cannot consider rapid anti-gene test alone as a diagnostic method for COVID-19. We should also conduct RT-PCR test and other investigations like imaging CT scan of chest to confirm the diagnosis. The rapid IgG test is more sensitive than rapid IgM, but it was less specific.
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11
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Hoque MN, Rahman MS, Sarkar MMH, Habib MA, Akter S, Banu TA, Goswami B, Jahan I, Hossain MA, Khan MS, Islam T. Transcriptome analysis reveals increased abundance and diversity of opportunistic fungal pathogens in nasopharyngeal tract of COVID-19 patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278134. [PMID: 36656835 PMCID: PMC9851516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces human nasopharyngeal commensal microbiomes (bacteria, archaea and commensal respiratory viruses) with inclusion of pathobionts. This study aimed to assess the possible changes in the abundance and diversity of resident mycobiome in the nasopharyngeal tract (NT) of humans due to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Twenty-two (n = 22) nasopharyngeal swab samples (including COVID-19 = 8, Recovered = 7, and Healthy = 7) were collected for RNA-sequencing followed by taxonomic profiling of mycobiome. Our analyses indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increased (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon test) the population and diversity of fungi in the NT with inclusion of a high proportion of opportunistic pathogens. We detected 863 fungal species including 533, 445, and 188 species in COVID-19, Recovered, and Healthy individuals, respectively that indicate a distinct mycobiome dysbiosis due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remarkably, 37% of the fungal species were exclusively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, where S. cerevisiae (88.62%) and Phaffia rhodozyma (10.30%) were two top abundant species. Likewise, Recovered humans NT samples were predominated by Aspergillus penicillioides (36.64%), A. keveii (23.36%), A. oryzae (10.05%) and A. pseudoglaucus (4.42%). Conversely, Nannochloropsis oceanica (47.93%), Saccharomyces pastorianus (34.42%), and S. cerevisiae (2.80%) were the top abundant fungal species in Healthy controls nasal swabs. Importantly, 16% commensal fungal species found in the Healthy controls were not detected in either COVID-19 patients or when they were cured from COVID-19 (Recovered). We also detected several altered metabolic pathways correlated with the dysbiosis of fungal mycobiota in COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes significant dysbiosis of mycobiome and related metabolic functions possibly play a determining role in the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These findings might be helpful for developing mycobiome-based diagnostics, and also devising appropriate therapeutic regimens including antifungal drugs for prevention and control of concurrent fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M. Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Ahashan Habib
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjina Akhtar Banu
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Barna Goswami
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iffat Jahan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Jashore Unive rsity of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - M. Salim Khan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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12
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Seitz T, Holbik J, Grieb A, Karolyi M, Hind J, Gibas G, Neuhold S, Zoufaly A, Wenisch C. The Role of Bacterial and Fungal Superinfection in Critical COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122785. [PMID: 36560789 PMCID: PMC9783059 DOI: 10.3390/v14122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The range of reported rates of bacterial and fungal superinfections in patients with a severe course of COVID-19 is wide, suggesting a lack of standardised reporting. METHODS The rates of bacterial and fungal superinfection were assessed using predefined criteria to differentiate between infection and contamination. RESULTS Overall, 117 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit due to severe COVID-19 were included. Overall, 55% of patients developed a superinfection and 13.6% developed a fungal superinfection (5.9% candidemia and 7.7% CAPA). The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 65.2%. If superinfection was detected, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer and the mortality was especially increased if candidemia was detected. An increased risk of superinfection was observed in patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus or chronic heart failure. The presence of immunomodulating therapy did not seem to have an impact on the frequency of superinfections. CONCLUSION Increased awareness of high superinfection rates, fungal infections in particular, in patients suffering from severe COVID-19 is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Seitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-6019172412; Fax: +43-1601912419
| | - Johannes Holbik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Grieb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Karolyi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Hind
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Gibas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Neuhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Kumar D, Pandit R, Sharma S, Raval J, Patel Z, Joshi M, Joshi CG. Nasopharyngeal microbiome of COVID-19 patients revealed a distinct bacterial profile in deceased and recovered individuals. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105829. [PMID: 36252893 PMCID: PMC9568276 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients remained the least explored subject of clinical manifestations that may also determine the disease severity. Nasopharyngeal microbial community structure within SARS-CoV-2 infected patients could reveal interesting microbiome dynamics that may influence the disease outcomes. Here, in this research study, we analyzed distinct nasopharyngeal microbiome profile in the deceased (n = 48) and recovered (n = 29) COVID-19 patients and compared it with control SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals (control) (n = 33). The nasal microbiome composition of the three groups varies significantly (PERMANOVA, p-value <0.001), where deceased patients showed higher species richness compared to the recovered and control groups. Pathogenic genera, including Corynebacterium (LDA score 5.51), Staphylococcus, Serratia, Klebsiella and their corresponding species were determined as biomarkers (p-value <0.05, LDA cutoff 4.0) in the deceased COVID-19 patients. Ochrobactrum (LDA score 5.79), and Burkholderia (LDA 5.29), were found in the recovered group which harbors ordinal bacteria (p-value <0.05, LDA-4.0) as biomarkers. Similarly, Pseudomonas (LDA score 6.19), and several healthy nasal cavity commensals including Veillonella, and Porphyromonas, were biomarkers for the control individuals. Healthy commensal bacteria may trigger the immune response and alter the viral infection susceptibility and thus, may play important role and possible recovery that needs to be further explored. This research finding provide vital information and have significant implications for understanding the microbial diversity of COVID-19 patients. However, additional studies are needed to address the microbiome-based therapeutics and diagnostics interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Ramesh Pandit
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Janvi Raval
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Zarna Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Madhvi Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, 6th Floor, MS Building, Gandhinagar, 382011, India.
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14
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Abstract
RATIONALE Cryptococcus neoformans (C neoformans) infection typically occurs in immunocompromised patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or those taking immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids, or chemotherapy. Recently, there have been an increasing number of reports of cryptococcosis as opportunistic infections in COVID-19 patients, all of which have been related to immunocompromising conditions, underlying medical diseases, immune suppression drugs, or corticosteroids. Here, we report the first case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient with a history of COVID-19 who had no history of underlying diseases or immune modulation drugs. PATIENT CONCERNS A previously healthy 46-year-old man presented with tiny lung nodules. He had quit smoking 6 years prior. He had no significant medical history except for COVID-19 3 months prior, and had not received corticosteroids or cytokine blockers when he had COVID-19. He had been coughing since he recovered from COVID-19. DIAGNOSIS Bronchoalveolar lavage cultures showed the growth of C neoformans. A CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung lesion was performed. Histopathology of the biopsy specimen showed granulomas with encapsulated yeast. There was no growth of C neoformans in the CSF or blood. He was diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis. INTERVENTION Antifungal drug (fluconazole) was administered for 6 months in the outside clinic. OUTCOMES The lung lesions disappeared after 6 months medication. LESSONS This case may illustrate the risk of pulmonary cryptococcosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompetent patient. Opportunistic infections can occur even after recovery from COVID-19 for several reasons. First, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes immune dysregulation including lymphocytopenia. Second, T lymphocytes play a principal role against Cryptococcus. Third, these changes in the immune system due to COVID-19 may last for several weeks. Thus, we suggest careful consideration of lung lesions in patients with a history of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee Unversity Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hye Sook Choi, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee Unversity Medical Center, 23 Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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15
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Nourmohammadi H, Dehkordi AH, Adibi A, Amin Hashemipour SM, Abdan M, Fakhri M, Abdan Z, Sarokhani D. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:9342680. [PMID: 35910542 PMCID: PMC9334089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9342680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Determining the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors makes the control of virus circulation possible in healthy people and helps implement strategies to reduce virus transmission. The purpose of the study was to examine the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors using systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar search engine were searched using standard keywords up to 2022-04-26. The variance of each study was calculated according to the binomial distribution. Studies were combined according to the sample size and variance. Q Cochrane test and I2 index were used to examine the heterogeneity of the studies. Data analysis was performed in STATA 14 software, and the significance level of the tests was P < 0.05. Results In the 28 papers examined with 227894 samples, the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors was 10% (95% CI: 9%, 11%), estimated 5% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among men and 6% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among women. This rate in different blood groups was as follows: A 12% (95% CI: 10%-14%), B 12% (95% CI: 10%-15%), AB 9% (95% CI: 7%-12%), and O 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%). The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors in North America 10%, Europe 7%, Asia 23%, South America 5%, and Africa was 4%; Moreover, the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 18%-29%) and IgM 29% (95% CI: 9%-49%). Conclusion The highest prevalence of COVID-19 serum in women blood donors was among blood group O and Asia. The seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies was high too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Adibi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Abdan
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Wu S, Liu W, Zhang M, Wang K, Liu J, Hu Y, She Q, Li M, Shen S, Chen B, Wu J. Preventive measures significantly reduced the risk of nosocomial infection in elderly inpatients during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:562. [PMID: 35978917 PMCID: PMC9366284 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Hu
- Department of Business Analytics, Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Quan She
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shaoran Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Li P, Guan Y, Zhou S, Wang E, Sun P, Fei G, Zeng D, Wang R. Mortality and risk factors for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221110858. [PMID: 35775141 PMCID: PMC10358525 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The present study systematically reviewed the clinical features and risk factors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) who also acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). More specifically, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and risk factors for death among this population were explored. Method: A literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, for articles involving patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and undergoing MHD published between January 1, 2020, and March 13, 2022, was performed. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the weighted mean prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) or weighted means and 95% CI. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Results: Twenty-two studies including 13,191 patients with COVID-19 undergoing MHD were selected. The most common symptoms included fever (53% [95% CI 41%-65%]) and cough (54% [95% CI 48%-60%]); however, 17% (95% CI 11%-22%) of the cases were asymptomatic. In subgroup analysis, the proportion of male patients (65% [95% CI 58%-71%]), and patients with coronary artery disease (30% [95% CI 17%-44%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9% [95% CI 4%-15%]) was greater in the non-survivor group compared with the survivor group. Furthermore, patients undergoing MHD, who were also positive for COVID-19, exhibited a high mortality rate (24% [95% CI 19%-28%]). Conclusions: MHD patients with COVID-19 may initially present as asymptomatic or with mild symptoms; nevertheless, in this study, these patients exhibited a higher risk for death compared with COVID-19 patients not undergoing MHD. Moreover, male sex and underlying cardiovascular and respiratory diseases increased the mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Li
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youhong Guan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei third clinical college of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, China
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the First Affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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18
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Shin H, Lee S, Widyasari K, Yi J, Bae E, Kim S. Performance evaluation of STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag home test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 during early symptom onset. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24410. [PMID: 35441745 PMCID: PMC9110955 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance and control of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak through gold standard detection, that is, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), become a great obstacle, especially in overwhelming outbreaks. In this study, we aimed to analyze the performance of rapid antigen home test (RAHT) as an alternative detection method compared with RT-PCR. METHODS In total, 79 COVID-19-positive and 217 COVID-19-negative patients confirmed by RT-PCR were enrolled in this study. A duration from symptom onset to COVID-19 confirmation of <5 days was considered a recruiting criterion for COVID-19-positive cases. A nasal cavity specimen was collected for the RAHT, and a nasopharyngeal swab specimen was collected for RT-PCR. RESULTS Sensitivity of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Home Test (SD Biosensor, Korea), compared with RT-PCR, was 94.94% (75/79) (95% [confidence interval] CI, 87.54%-98.60%), and specificity was 100%. Sensitivity was significantly higher in symptomatic patients (98.00%) than in asymptomatic (89.66%) patients (p-value = 0.03). There was no difference in sensitivity according to the duration of symptom onset to confirmation (100% for 0-2 days and 96.97% for 3-5 days, respectively) (p-value = 1.00). The RAHT detected all 51 COVID-19 patients whose Ct values were ≤25 (100%), whereas sensitivity was 73.33% (11/15) among patients with Ct values >25 (p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSION The RAHT showed an excellent sensitivity for COVID-19-confirmed cases, especially for those with symptoms. There was a decrease in sensitivity when the Ct value is over 25, indicating that RAHT screening may be useful during the early phase of symptom onset, when the viral numbers are higher and it is more transmissible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoshim Shin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGyeongsang National University HospitalJinjuKorea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGyeongsang National University Changwon HospitalChangwonKorea
| | - Kristin Widyasari
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGyeongsang National University Changwon HospitalChangwonKorea
| | - Jongyoun Yi
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePusan National University School of MedicineBusanKorea
| | - Eunsin Bae
- Seegene Institute of Clinical ResearchSeegene Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory MedicineGyeongsang National University Changwon HospitalChangwonKorea
- Gyeongsang National University College of MedicineInstitute of Health SciencesJinjuKorea
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19
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Keskin AU, Ciragil P, Topkaya AE. Clinical Accuracy of Instrument-Read SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Ag-IRRDTs). Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9489067. [PMID: 35586835 PMCID: PMC9110244 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9489067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021282476) aims to collect and analyse current evidence on real-world performance based on clinical accuracy of instrument-read rapid antigen diagnostic tests (Ag-IRRDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 identification. We used PRISMA Checklist and searched databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and FIND) for publications evaluating the accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-IRRDTs as of 30 September 2021, and included 40 independent clinical studies resulting in 48 Ag-IRRDT datasets with 137,770 samples. Across all datasets, pooled Ag-IRRDT sensitivity was 67.1% (95% CI: 65.9%-68.3%) and specificity was 99.4% with a tight CI. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-IRRDTs did not demonstrate a significant superiority over SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests which do not require a reader instrument, even in the case where surveillance and screening datasets were excluded from the analysis. Nevertheless, they provide connectivity advantages and remove operator interface (in results-reading) issues. The lower sensitivity of certain brands of Ag-IRRDTs can be overcome in high prevalence areas with high frequency of testing. New SARS-CoV-2 variants are major concern for current and future diagnostic performance of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Umit Keskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ciragil
- Department of Microbiology, Yeditepe University Kozyatagi Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aynur Eren Topkaya
- Department of Microbiology, Yeditepe University Kosuyolu Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Yang JR, Kuo CY, Huang HY, Yu IL, Hsieh CT, Chen BS, Liu MT. Evaluation of conventional and point-of-care real-time RT-PCR tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 through a pooled testing strategy. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24491. [PMID: 35535393 PMCID: PMC9169176 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid identification and isolation of individuals infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are fundamental countermeasures for the efficient control of the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has affected millions of people around the world. Real‐time RT‐PCR is one of the most commonly applied reference methods for virus detection, and the use of pooled testing has been proposed as an effective way to increase the throughput of routine diagnostic tests. However, the clinical applicability of different types of real‐time RT‐PCR tests in a given group size remains inconclusive due to inconsistent regional disease prevalence and test demands. Methods In this study, the performance of one dual‐target conventional and two point‐of‐care real‐time RT‐PCR tests in a 5‐specimen pooled testing strategy for the detection of SARS‐COV‐2 was evaluated. Results We demonstrated the proof of concept that all of these real‐time RT‐PCR tests could feasibly detect SARS‐CoV‐2 from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens that contain viral RNA loads in the range of 3.48 × 105 to 3.42 × 102 copies/ml through pooled testing in a group size of 5 with overall positive percent agreement (pooling vs. individual testing) ranging from 100% to 93.75%. Furthermore, the two POC real‐time RT‐PCR tests exhibited comparable sensitivity to that of the dual‐target conventional one when clinical specimens were tested individually. Conclusion Our findings support the feasibility of using real‐time RT‐PCR tests developed as a variety of platforms in routine laboratory detection of suspected COVID‐19 cases through a pooled testing strategy that is beneficial to increasing the daily diagnostic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rong Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yi Kuo
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yi Huang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Yu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tsun Hsieh
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Shan Chen
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Liu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Critically ill patients with COVID-19 show lung fungal dysbiosis with reduced microbial diversity in Candida spp colonized patients. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:233-240. [PMID: 35150910 PMCID: PMC8828296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified interest in how the infection affects the lung microbiome of critically ill patients and how it contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to characterize the lower respiratory tract mycobiome of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in comparison to patients without COVID-19. Methods We performed an internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) profiling with the Illumina MiSeq platform on 26 respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 as well as from 26 patients with non–COVID-19 pneumonia. Results Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to be colonized with Candida spp. ARDS was associated with lung dysbiosis characterized by a shift to Candida species colonization and a decrease of fungal diversity. We also observed higher bacterial phylogenetic distance among taxa in colonized patients with COVID-19. In patients with COVID-19 not colonized with Candida spp., ITS2 amplicon sequencing revealed an increase of Ascomycota unassigned spp. and 1 Aspergillus spp.–positive specimen. In addition, we found that corticosteroid therapy was frequently associated with positive Galactomannan cell wall component of Aspergillus spp. among patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Our study underpins that ARDS in patients with COVID-19 is associated with lung dysbiosis and that an increased density of Ascomycota unassigned spp. is present in patients not colonized with Candida spp.
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22
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Tiganova IG, Meerovich GA, Zulufova ID, Akhlyustina EV, Ovchinnikov RS, Solovyev AI, Romanishkin ID, Kozlikina EI, Nekhoroshev AV, Glechik DA, Parshin AV, Parshin VD, Romanova YM, Loschenov VB. On the possibility of photodynamic inactivation of tracheobronchial tree pathogenic microbiota using methylene blue (in vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Amin MA, Islam MT, Khan II, Khan ZH, Qadri F, Khan AI. COVID-19 and dengue infection in Bangladesh: A case of coinfection where hemoptysis as first presentation. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05252. [PMID: 35079386 PMCID: PMC8777161 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangladesh recently faced large outbreaks of both COVID-19 and dengue. We present a case of COVID-19 and dengue coinfection in a patient who presented with hemoptysis. Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 and dengue fever are both public health issues in Bangladesh and other dengue-endemic nations and that they can coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md Taufiqul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
- School of Medical ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ishtiakul Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Zahid Hasan Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
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24
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Feng Z. A pregnant woman with COVID-19 gives birth to premature triplets: A case report and literature review. MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:6. [PMID: 36700154 PMCID: PMC9829195 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, no case report has been published to date concerning the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment plan for pregnant women with triplets, as well as on the possibility of a vertical transmission to triplets delivered prematurely by a pregnant woman with COVID-19. The present study thus describes such as case. A 29-year-old local resident, a woman with COVID-19, who was pregnant with triplets, had not moved from her residence for the past 6 months. The main symptoms mentioned by the patient on the day of admission were the following: The patient was in the 28th week of pregnancy, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid positive test 13 h prior to admission. Additionally, the patient had a high fever and dyspnea after admission. The patient was treated with convalescent plasma from patients with COVID-19 and methylprednisolone, at the same time her anemia, anxiety and insomnia were treated. Subsequently, the patient's condition improved, and normal body temperature was restored. Cesarean section was performed due to severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and due to the fetuses being located in three chorionic and amniotic cavities, and due to the fact that each of the three infants was in a different position (cephalic, breech and transverse position). Following delivery, total bile acid values and liver function improved gradually, and the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was negative consecutively for two tests, and the woman was then discharged from the hospital. Each premature infant born by caesarean section was individually transported to a neonatal intensive care unit for isolation treatment, with the neonatal escorts and transport teams wearing secondary protective clothing. All three premature infants were transitioned gradually from parenteral intravenous nutrition to full oral feeding. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test results were negative for all infants. 2019-nCoV IgM test results were negative and IgG were positive for all infants. The pregnant woman and the three premature infants were successfully treated and discharged after they felt no discomfort and were negative consecutively for two 2019-nCoV nucleic acid tests. The three premature infants were monitored for growth and development until December, 2021, and eye, lung, heart, brain, liver, kidney, intestine and other organ functions were normal. The present study reports on the treatment and delivery outcomes of a woman with COVID-19, who was pregnant with triplets. The present case report demonstrated that although the pregnant woman with triplets was suffering from COVID-19, all three premature infants delivered by cesarean section did not present with intrauterine vertical infection, and abnormal growth and development were not observed. The convalescent plasma of patients with COVID-19 and methylprednisolone were effective for the treatment of a continuously high fever, and the timely treatment of complications is helpful for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neonatology, Ruili Chinese Medicine and Dai Medical Hospital, Ruili, Yunnan 678600, P.R. China
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Nasopharyngeal Microbiota as an early severity biomarker in COVID-19 hospitalised patients: a retrospective cohort study in a Mediterranean area. J Infect 2021; 84:329-336. [PMID: 34963638 PMCID: PMC8709923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the diversity and taxonomic composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota, to determine its association with COVID-19 clinical outcome. To study the microbiota, we utilized 16S rRNA sequencing of 177 samples that came from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Raw sequences were processed by QIIME2. The associations between microbiota, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and all-cause mortality were analysed by multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidity. The microbiota α diversity indexes were lower in patients with a fatal outcome, whereas the β diversity analysis showed a significant clustering in these patients. After multivariate adjustment, the presence of Selenomonas spp., Filifactor spp., Actinobacillus spp., or Chroococcidiopsis spp., was associated with a reduction of more than 90% of IMV. Higher diversity and the presence of certain genera in the nasopharyngeal microbiota seem to be early biomarkers of a favourable clinical evolution in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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26
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Zandi M, Farahani A, Zakeri A, Akhavan Rezayat S, Mohammadi R, Das U, Dimmock JR, Afzali S, Nakhaei MA, Doroudi A, Erfani Y, Soltani S. Clinical Symptoms and Types of Samples Are Critical Factors for the Molecular Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5528786. [PMID: 34545287 PMCID: PMC8449726 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5528786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, a novel coronavirus found in 2019 known as SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various parameters including clinical manifestations and molecular evaluation can affect the accuracy of diagnosis. This review aims to discuss the various clinical symptoms and molecular evaluation results in COVID-19 patients, to point out the importance of onset symptoms, type, and timing of the sampling, besides the methods that are used for detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A systematic literature review of current articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. RESULTS Of the 12946 patients evaluated in this investigation, 7643 were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive by molecular techniques, particularly the RT-PCR/qPCR combined technique (qRT-PCR). In most of the studies, all of the enrolled cases had 100% positive results for molecular evaluation. Among the COVID-19 patients who were identified as such by positive PCR results, most of them showed fever or cough as the primary clinical signs. Less common symptoms observed in clinically confirmed cases were hemoptysis, bloody sputum, mental disorders, and nasal congestion. The most common clinical samples for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were obtained from throat, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs, while tears and conjunctival secretions seem to be the least common clinical samples for COVID-19 diagnosis among studies. Also, different conserved SARS-CoV-2 gene sequences could be targeted for qRT-PCR detection. The suggested molecular assay being used by most laboratories for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION There is a worldwide concern on the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of well-managed global control. Hence, it is crucial to update the molecular diagnostics protocols for handling the situation. This is possible by understanding the available advances in assays for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Good sampling procedure and using samples with enough viral loads, also considering the onset symptoms, may reduce the qRT-PCR false-negative results in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Selection of the most efficient primer-probe for target genes and samples containing enough viral loads to search for the existence of SARS-CoV-2 helps detecting the virus on time using qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Armin Zakeri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Akhavan Rezayat
- Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohammadi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Shervin Afzali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadvala Ashtar Nakhaei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doroudi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Malekifar P, Pakzad R, Shahbahrami R, Zandi M, Jafarpour A, Rezayat SA, Akbarpour S, Shabestari AN, Pakzad I, Hesari E, Farahani A, Soltani S. Viral Coinfection among COVID-19 Patient Groups: An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5313832. [PMID: 34485513 PMCID: PMC8416381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5313832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coinfections have a potential role in increased morbidity and mortality rates during pandemics. Our investigation is aimed at evaluating the viral coinfection prevalence in COVID-19 patients. METHODS We systematically searched scientific databases, including Medline, Scopus, WOS, and Embase, from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020. Preprint servers such as medRxiv were also scanned to find other related preprint papers. All types of studies evaluating the viral coinfection prevalence in COVID-19 patients were considered. We applied the random effects model to pool all of the related studies. RESULTS Thirty-three studies including 10484 patients were identified. The viral coinfection estimated pooled prevalence was 12.58%; 95% CI: 7.31 to 18.96). Blood viruses (pooled prevalence: 12.48%; 95% CI: 8.57 to 16.93) had the most frequent viral coinfection, and respiratory viruses (pooled prevalence: 4.32%; 95% CI: 2.78 to 6.15) had less frequent viral coinfection. The herpesvirus pooled prevalence was 11.71% (95% CI: 3.02 to 24.80). Also, the maximum and minimum of viral coinfection pooled prevalence were in AMRO and EMRO with 15.63% (95% CI: 3.78 to 33.31) and 7.05% (95% CI: 3.84 to 11.07), respectively. CONCLUSION The lowest rate of coinfection belonged to respiratory viruses. Blood-borne viruses had the highest coinfection rate. Our results provide important data about the prevalence of blood-borne viruses among COVID-19 patients which can be critical when it comes to their treatment procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Malekifar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ramin Shahbahrami
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Gerash Amir-al-Momenin Medical and Educational Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Sara Akhavan Rezayat
- Department of Management & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elahe Hesari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Overview on the Prevalence of Fungal Infections, Immune Response, and Microbiome Role in COVID-19 Patients. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090720. [PMID: 34575758 PMCID: PMC8466761 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19, such as individuals in intensive care units (ICU), are exceptionally susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections. The most prevalent fungal infections are aspergillosis and candidemia. Nonetheless, other fungal species (for instance, Histoplasma spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Cryptococcus spp.) have recently been increasingly linked to opportunistic fungal diseases in COVID-19 patients. These fungal co-infections are described with rising incidence, severe illness, and death that is associated with host immune response. Awareness of the high risks of the occurrence of fungal co-infections is crucial to downgrade any arrear in diagnosis and treatment to support the prevention of severe illness and death directly related to these infections. This review analyses the fungal infections, treatments, outcome, and immune response, considering the possible role of the microbiome in these patients. The search was performed in Medline (PubMed), using the words "fungal infections COVID-19", between 2020-2021.
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Cuevas-Gonzalez MV, Garcia-Perez Á, Gonzalez-Aragon Pineda ÁE, Espinosa-Cristobal LF, Donohue-Cornejo A, Tovar-Carrillo KL, Saucedo-Acuña RA, Cuevas-Gonzalez JC. Stem Cells as a Model of Study of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9915927. [PMID: 34458372 PMCID: PMC8390136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9915927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the latest pandemic of the 21st century; it is responsible for the development of COVID-19. Within the multiple study models for both the biology and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the use of stem cells has been proposed because of their ability to increase the immune response and to repair tissue. Therefore, the objective of this review is to evaluate the role of stem cells against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in order to identify their potential as a study model and as a possible therapeutic source against tissue damage caused by this virus. Therefore, the following research question was established: What is the role of stem cells in the study of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of COVID-19? MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was carried out in the electronic databases of PUBMED, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The following keywords were used: "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," and "STEM CELL," plus independent search strategies with the Boolean operators "OR" and "AND." The identified reports were those whose main objective was the study of stem cells in relation to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. For the development of this study, the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: studies whose main objective was the study of stem cells in relation to SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 and clinical case studies, case reports, clinical trials, pilot studies, in vitro, or in vivo studies. For assessment of the risk of bias for in vitro studies, the SciRAP tool was used. The data collected for each type of study, clinical or in vitro, were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS V.22 program. RESULTS Of the total of studies included (n = 39), 22 corresponded to in vitro investigations and 17 to human studies (clinical cases (n = 9), case series (n = 2), pilot clinical trials (n = 5), clinical trials (n = 1)). In vitro studies that induced pluripotent stem cells were the most used (n = 12), and in clinical studies, the umbilical stem cells derived were the most reported (n = 11). The mean age of the study subjects was 58.3 years. After the application of stem cell therapy, the follow-up period was 8 days minimum and 90 days maximum. Discussion. The mechanism by which the virus enters the cell is through protein "S," located on the surface of the membrane, by recognizing the ACE2 receptor located on the target cell. The evidence that the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in stem cells indicates that stem cells from bone marrow and amniotic fluid have very little expression. This shows that stem cell has a low risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION The use of stem cells is a highly relevant therapeutic option. It has been shown in both in vitro studies and clinical trials that it counteracts the excessive secretion of cytokines. There are even more studies that focus on long-term follow-up; thus, the potential for major side effects can be analyzed more clearly. Finally, the ethical use of stem cells from fetal or infant origin needs to be regulated. The study was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021229038). The limitations of the study were because of the methodology employed, the sample was not very large, and the follow-up period of the clinical studies was relatively short.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Garcia-Perez
- Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Alicia Saucedo-Acuña
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Isolate from Heilongjiang, China. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9434944. [PMID: 34257749 PMCID: PMC8253634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9434944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infection is still controversial. Herein, a novel PCV3 isolate (PCV3-China/DB-1/2017) with the molecular characterization of 24A and 27K in the Cap protein was used to inoculate three-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets. The nine PCV3 DB-1 inoculated piglets exhibited no obvious clinical symptoms or macroscopic lesions. PCV3 displayed a broad histotropism, including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, lymph nodes, and tonsil, and the lungs and lymph nodes contained a higher quantity of viral genomes compared to that of the other organs. From 7 days after PCV3 DB-1 inoculation, the piglets showed obvious IgG antibody responses against PCV3 rCap-VLPs. The cumulative results demonstrated that PCV3 trend to low pathogenicity.
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Soltani S, Zandi M. miR-200c-3p upregulation and ACE2 downregulation via bacterial LPS and LTA as interesting aspects for COVID-19 treatment and immunity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5809-5810. [PMID: 33939073 PMCID: PMC8091633 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dietl B, Henares D, Boix-Palop L, Muñoz-Almagro C, Garau J, Calbo E. Related Factors to Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasive Infection and Clinical Manifestations: The Potential Role of Nasopharyngeal Microbiome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:650271. [PMID: 33996857 PMCID: PMC8117960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.650271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as pneumonia, are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae might colonize the upper respiratory tract and is the main aetiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In the last decades, several factors related to the host, the microorganism and the antibiotic therapy have been investigated to identify risk factors associated with the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Nevertheless, these factors themselves do not explain the risk of developing disease or its severity. Recently, some studies have focused on the importance of nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome and its relation to respiratory health. This review presents existing evidence of the potential role of NP microbiome in the development of IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dietl
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Boix-Palop
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garau
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Rotger, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Esther Calbo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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