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Mitra S, Mitra M, Nandi P, Saha M, Nandi DK. Yogistic efficacy on cardiopulmonary capacities, endurance efficiencies and musculoskeletal potentialities in female college students. Work 2024:WOR230200. [PMID: 38640183 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise participation among female students is significantly compromised throughout the academic periods of college or university due to scholastic demands and also by less parental and community encouragements. Thus, physical inactivity in female college students leads to less musculoskeletal efficiency and work performance. OBJECTIVE Customized yogic module may be considered to enhance both aerobic and anaerobic power, pulmonary capacity and musculoskeletal efficiency for the improvement of systemic body functions among female college students. METHODS A randomized, controlled parallel study design (n = 60; age = 20.16±2.05 years), on sedentary female college students practicing customized yogic module (n = 30) for 5 days / week for 3 months (60 min daily in the morning) to observe anthropometric, physiological, cardiopulmonary and muscular endurance indices. RESULTS After yogic practice, a significant reduction in body fat (p < 0.05) (%), heart rate (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), double product (p‹0.01) and rate pressure product (p < 0.05) were estimated. Significant improvement (p < 0.001) in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec was also observed. Evaluation of hand grip strength, maximal oxygen consumption and physical work capacity showed significant increase (p < 0.01) after yogic intervention. CONCLUSIONS A three-month customized yogic training improved resting physiological activities, cardiopulmonary functions, musculoskeletal strength and endurance fitness due to focused breathing, mindfulness meditation and by stretching-strengthening patterns for achieving recreational physical activity among female college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Purna Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Mantu Saha
- Work Physiology & Yoga Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Department of Human Physiology & Department of BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Chand S, Dikkatwar MS, Varghese TP, Singh R, Sah SK, Sutar AS, Biswas J, Shandily S. Potential therapies for obesity management: Exploring novel frontiers. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102382. [PMID: 38184131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Humans are becoming less active in the current age of technological advancement, which leads to poor health. Many factors, including unregulated diet, lack of exercise, environmental pollution and genetic factors are contributing to an increase in overweight. Obesity is a chronic condition that disturbs the physical health of a person, resulting in various other complications including cardiac, respiratory, and psychosocial issues. According to WHO, the current trend of obesity has shown a sharp increase in recent years. Methods ranging from as simple as regulating the diet to as complex as surgery are available. There are many approved drugs to treat the obesity majority of them works as suppressing the appetite and making the patient satisfy. Some of other agents works by insulinotropic activity. However, these agents need to be taken for longer period of time thus are associated with significant adverse drug reactions. Thus, the motive of this study is to understand obesity and the various methods available to manage it using the recent pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Manoj S Dikkatwar
- DY Patil University School of Pharmacy, DY Patil (Deemed to be University), Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400706, India.
| | - Treesa P Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre (Yenepoya deemed to be University), Naringana, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rohit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Abhijeet S Sutar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Jeetu Biswas
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India.
| | - Shrishti Shandily
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida 201313, India.
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Koncz Á, Csala B, Körmendi J, Horváth Á, Dömötör Z, Selmeci C, Bogdán ÁS, Köteles F, Boros S. Effects of a complex yoga-based intervention on physical characteristics. Biol Futur 2024; 75:73-84. [PMID: 38195792 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Empirical studies on yoga have shown that regular practice can have a beneficial effect on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases; also, it can decrease body weight, body fat and increase muscle mass. Positive effects on balance and flexibility were also reported. This study evaluated the impact of a 3-month complex yoga-based program, including physical exercises, education, and social support, with a quasi-randomized design in a middle-aged community sample. The intervention group consisted of 46 participants while the passive control group was 29 participants. The intervention group showed a significant increase in core muscle strength and hamstring flexibility and a decrease in body fat. No significant changes were found concerning risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, body weight, muscle mass, balancing ability, and dietary habits. A 3-month yoga intervention cannot substantially impact the cardiovascular system and body weight control in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Koncz
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Prielle Kornélia U. 47-49, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Barbara Csala
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Prielle Kornélia U. 47-49, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - János Körmendi
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Prielle Kornélia U. 47-49, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Horváth
- Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dömötör
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Prielle Kornélia U. 47-49, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csongor Selmeci
- Magyar Jóga Társaság/Hungarian Yoga Society, Veszprém, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Köteles
- Ádám György Psychophysiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Boros
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Prielle Kornélia U. 47-49, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Lazarev A, Nath S, Nguyen CQ, Demian AM, Bertasi RAO, Bertasi TGO, Pujalte GGA. Sports and Weight Control in Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e53731. [PMID: 38455821 PMCID: PMC10919905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a global concern with distressing comorbid conditions, including mood disturbance, cardiovascular changes, endocrine imbalance, liver disease, sleep apnea, and orthopedic conditions. The primary treatment of this condition includes physical activity. Participating in organized sports has been shown to reduce weight and the complications of pediatric obesity more effectively than individual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii Lazarev
- Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sahil Nath
- Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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Balkrishna A, Rana M, Mishra S, Srivastava D, Bhardwaj R, Singh S, Rajput SK, Arya V. Incredible Combination of Lifestyle Modification and Herbal Remedies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Management. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:3705508. [PMID: 37383339 PMCID: PMC10299884 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3705508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A relatively frequent endocrine-metabolic illness called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by polycystic ovaries, persistent anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, which cause symptoms such as irregular menstruation, infertility, and hirsutism. PCOS is linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and increased amounts of androgens, or male hormones. The sedentary lifestyle, dietary fluctuations, inactivity, and stress are other contributing variables. According to estimates from India in 2021, around 22.5% of women, or one in five Indian women, suffer from PCOS. Evidence-based medical care for PCOS places a strong focus on a multidisciplinary approach, as standard pharmacological treatment frequently targets a single symptom, may be contraindicated, has adverse effects, and is ineffective in certain circumstances. However, long-term treatments have drawbacks and are likely to be ineffective, making complementary and alternative therapies a worthwhile choice. Yoga science is a thorough treatment plan for a healthy body and mind that may eradicate PCOS's primary causes, stress and obesity. Some common herbal remedies, including Foeniculum vulgare, Tinospora cordifolia, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Areca catechu, and Lepidium meyenii, have been highly regarded sources that have the benefits of lowering PCOS as well as having hypoglycemic and antiobesity effects. In light of existing literature, women with PCOS experienced symptomatic relief, improvement in hormonal balance, and the quality of life by utilizing yoga practices as well as herbal remedies. In conclusion, combining lifestyle modifications with herbal remedies can be used in the management of PCOS as a holistic approach. Therefore, this review opens a new window for researchers all across the world to validate such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maneesha Rana
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Herbal Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalini Mishra
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Herbal Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepika Srivastava
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Herbal Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohit Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Herbal Research Institute, Haridwar 249405, Uttarakhand, India
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Psychophysiological Adaptations to Yoga Practice in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040107. [PMID: 36412601 PMCID: PMC9680480 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been documented as a foundational approach for weight management and obesity, improving several cardiometabolic and mental health indices. However, it is not clear whether yoga practice can induce beneficial improvements in anthropometric and body composition parameters, performance, metabolic health, and well-being among overweight/obese people. The aim of this topical review was to catalog training studies examining the psychophysiological responses to yoga interventions in order to detect which outcomes have been investigated, the research methods applied, and the conclusions. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 22 published articles involving 1178 (56% female) overweight/obese participants. This brief review on yoga-induced adaptations demonstrates that this widely used meditative movement activity can meaningfully improve the vast majority of the selected markers. These beneficial alterations are focused mostly on various anthropometric and body composition variables, cardiovascular disease risk factors, physical fitness parameters, quality of life, and stress in previously inactive overweight/obese individuals. Instead, yoga-based physical exercise interventions investigating anxiety, depression, mood state, exercise enjoyment, affect valence, and adherence were limited. Further research should focus on the yoga intervention configuration and potential mechanisms behind favorable changes in various psychophysiological indices through large-scale, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials implementing long-term interventions in overweight/obese individuals.
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Dalpati N, Jena S, Jain S, Sarangi PP. Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100420. [PMID: 35072120 PMCID: PMC8767968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has negatively impacted the global healthcare and economic systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an emotional and psychological pandemic among people of all ages irrespective of economic status and physical wellbeing. As a consequence of prolonged lockdowns, one of the most severely affected age groups globally is the young adults' group, especially students. Uncertainties in the academic calendar, restricted outdoor activities, and unusual daily routines during lockdowns led to higher incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression among students worldwide. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on the effect of lockdowns on students and discuss possible positive impacts of yoga and meditation on various psychological, emotional, and immunological parameters, which can significantly influence the general wellbeing and academic performance of students. Perspectives shared in the review will also bring awareness on how yoga and meditation could boost students' performance and assist them in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing during stressful conditions such as future epidemics and pandemics with novel infections. This information could help create better educational curriculums and healthy routines for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dalpati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Institute Wellness Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Pan X, Chen S, Chen X, Ren Q, Yue L, Niu S, Li Z, Zhu R, Chen X, Jia Z, Zhen R, Ban J. UTP14A, DKC1, DDX10, PinX1, and ESF1 Modulate Cardiac Angiogenesis Leading to Obesity-Induced Cardiac Injury. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2923291. [PMID: 35734237 PMCID: PMC9208995 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2923291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed at exploring the key genes and the possible mechanism of heart damage caused by obesity. METHODS We analyzed the GSE98226 dataset. Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in heart tissues of obese and normal mice. Then, we analyzed DEGs using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Thirdly, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and key modules and searched hub genes. Finally, we observed the pathological changes associated with obesity through histopathology. RESULTS A total of 763 DEGs were discovered, including 629 upregulated and 134 downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to the regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, nucleic acid binding, and metal ion binding. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in long-term depression, gap junction, and sphingolipid signaling pathways. Finally, we identified UTP14A, DKC1, DDX10, PinX1, and ESF1 as the hub genes. Histopathologic analysis showed that obesity increased the number of collagen fibers and decreased the number of microvessels and proliferation of the endothelium and increased endothelial cell damage which further leads to dysfunction of cardiac microcirculation. CONCLUSION UTP14A, DKC1, DDX10, PinX1, and ESF1 have been identified as hub genes in obesity-induced pathological changes in the heart and may be involved in obesity-induced cardiac injury by affecting cardiac microcirculatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Mewada A, Keswani J, Sharma H, Tewani GR, Nair PMK. Ashtanga Yoga Ethics-Based Yoga Versus General Yoga on Anthropometric Indices, Trigunas, and Quality of Life in Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial. Int J Yoga 2022; 15:130-136. [PMID: 36329770 PMCID: PMC9623890 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_63_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The philosophical tenets of yoga such as Ashtanga yoga (AY) and Trigunas are seldom considered while designing yoga programs for chronic diseases. This randomized control trial explored the impact of AY principle-based yoga on the anthropometric indices, personality traits, and quality of life (QoL) in abdominal obesity (AO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two participants with AO were randomized (n = 31 in each arm) into an AY arm or general yoga (GY) arm. For 12 weeks, both the AY and the GY received the same yoga protocol; however, the AY received an additional AY-based orientation session fortnightly. Changes in waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, Vedic Personality Inventory for gunas, and World Health Organization QoL-BREF were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS By the end of 12 weeks, the AY arm significantly differed from the GY arm in HC (P = 0.05) and BMI scores (P = 0.03). The AY arm has shown a significant increase in the sattva guna (P < 0.001) and reduction in the rajas (P < 0.001) and tamas gunas (P = 0.03). There was a significant improvement in the physical and social QoL domain, whereas the other variables examined remained insignificant. The increase in sattva guna was negatively correlated with waist circumference (P = -0.489) and BMI (r = -0.553). CONCLUSION Exposing participants to progressive AY philosophy can change the personality traits which are further associated with melioration in the determiners of AO. Future yoga programs for chronic disorders may consider including AY philosophy for substantive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Mewada
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Keswani
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanshu Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gulab Rai Tewani
- Department of Yoga and Naturopathy, Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep M. K. Nair
- Department of Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pradeep M. K. Nair, Department of Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Sant Hirdaram Nagar, Bhopal - 462 020, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
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