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Cayuela L, Peiró Villalba C, Flox-Benítez G, Cayuela A. Divergent trends in gastric cancer incidence by sex and age in Spain (1990-2019). REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024. [PMID: 39324626 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10443/2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate trends in gastric cancer (GC) incidence in Spain from 1990 to 2019, analysing variations by sex and age. METHOD GC incidence data from the Global Burden of Disease database and population data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics were used to calculate age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) with the European population as the reference. Temporal trends by sex and age groups were analyzed using joinpoint regression. RESULTS While the total number of cases rose slightly, ASIR showed a consistent annual decrease of 1.8% for both men and women. Both sexes experienced this increase in total cases (women: 4,023 to 4,359; men: 6,243 to 6,591). Men consistently had a higher GC burden compared to women (approximately 2.2:1 ratio). Younger adults (<35 years) of both sexes saw significant decreases in ASIR. However, the joinpoint analysis revealed a recent increase in young men (25-34 years) during the period 2014-2019. Adults aged 35-64 showed a decrease in ASIR for both sexes, with a slightly steeper decline in men. Adults over 65 had a similar decrease in ASIR for both sexes, but the joinpoint analysis suggests different patterns within this age group. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a decline in overall age-adjusted GC incidence in Spain. However, the recent rise observed in young men warrants further investigation to understand potential risk factors in this specific population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cayuela
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa
| | | | | | - Aurelio Cayuela
- Public Health, Prevention and Health Promotion, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, España
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Li M, Gao N, Wang SL, Guo YF, Liu Z. Hotspots and trends of risk factors in gastric cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2200-2218. [PMID: 38764808 PMCID: PMC11099465 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific symptoms of gastric cancer (GC) causes great challenges in its early diagnosis. Thus it is essential to identify the risk factors for early diagnosis and treatment of GC and to improve the survival rates. AIM To assist physicians in identifying changes in the output of publications and research hotspots related to risk factors for GC, constructing a list of key risk factors, and providing a reference for early identification of patients at high risk for GC. METHODS Research articles on risk factors for GC were searched in the Web of Science core collection, and relevant information was extracted after screening. The literature was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019, CiteSpace V, and VOSviewer 1.6.18. RESULTS A total of 2514 papers from 72 countries and 2507 research institutions were retrieved. China (n = 1061), National Cancer Center (n = 138), and Shoichiro Tsugane (n = 36) were the most productive country, institution, or author, respectively. The research hotspots in the study of risk factors for GC are summarized in four areas, namely: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, single nucleotide polymorphism, bio-diagnostic markers, and GC risk prediction models. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that H. pylori infection is the most significant risk factor for GC; single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most dominant genetic factor for GC; bio-diagnostic markers are the most promising diagnostic modality for GC. GC risk prediction models are the latest current research hotspot. We conclude that the most important risk factors for the development of GC are H. pylori infection, SNP, smoking, diet, and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Feng Guo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Xing Y, Hosaka H, Moki F, Tomaru S, Itoi Y, Sato K, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka H, Kuribayashi S, Takeuchi Y, Nagai K, Uraoka T. Gender Differences in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2524. [PMID: 38731053 PMCID: PMC11084512 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) epidemiology and outcomes vary by gender. Methods: We reviewed 18,436 GC patients from 2008 to 2018 and looked for gender differences in clinical characteristics and survival. Results: The gender proportion was 71% male and 29% female. Males had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher proportion of differentiated GC (66.3%) and a lower proportion of undifferentiated GC (26.3%). Diagnosis through medical check-ups was more common in males (30.0% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.001). Clinical staging revealed 54.6% of males and 52.9% of females had localized disease without lymph node metastasis (LNM), while distant metastasis occurred in 17.4% of males and 16.9% of females (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated females had a significantly higher overall survival (p = 0.0018). The survival advantage for females was evident in the early stages, with a significant difference in localized disease without LNM (p < 0.001) and localized disease with LNM (p = 0.0026, log-rank test) but not in the advanced stages. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significantly reduced mortality risk in females (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant gender differences exist with regard to pathological type, presentation, clinical stage, and overall survival. These findings suggest gender-specific strategies for screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroko Hosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Fumitaka Moki
- Gunma Health Foundation, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Registry, 16-1 Horinoshita-machi, Maebashi 371-0005, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Shota Tomaru
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuki Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Keigo Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hirohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kazue Nagai
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi 371-8510, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Syowa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (Y.X.); (H.H.); (S.T.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (Y.H.); (H.T.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
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Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb A, Panahi M, Jami S, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Heidari Z. Survivin as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of the progression of precancerous lesions to gastric cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2024; 39:52-58. [PMID: 38055975 DOI: 10.1177/03936155231217268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common cancer developed in a carcinogenesis process from precancerous lesions including chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Survivin, an inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein, is associated with the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression patterns of survivin and its relationship with early diagnosis of gastric cancer in Iranian patients. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, immunoexpression of survivin was investigated on sections obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 38 chronic gastritis, 32 intestinal metaplasia, 20 dysplasia, 28 gastric adenocarcinoma, and 22 controls. RESULTS Survivin immunoexpression in chronic gastritis was higher than controls, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, survivin immunoexpression had a steady significant increase from control and chronic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia to gastric adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of survivin immunohistochemical test for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 87.5%, 74.4%, and 0.85, respectively. Males had a significantly higher survivin expression than females (P < 0.001). Also, survivin expression was significantly higher in older patients than in younger ones (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It seems that the steady increase in survivin expression from different precancerous lesions to gastric adenocarcinoma suggests that survivin can be used as a potential biomarker for the prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Panahi
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jami
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Oh MJ, Han K, Kim B, Lim JH, Kim B, Kim SG, Cho SJ. Risk of gastric cancer in relation with serum cholesterol profiles: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36260. [PMID: 38050195 PMCID: PMC10695609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for gastric cancer. However, the relationship between serum lipids and gastric cancer risk has not been fully established. We investigated the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and gastric cancer risk using a nationwide population cohort. Adults who received health care screening in 2009 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were enrolled. Gastric cancer risk in relation to quartiles of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were compared according to sex, using adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 9690,168 subjects enrolled, 92,403 gastric cancer cases were diagnosed. Higher HDL-C levels were associated with lower gastric cancer risk in the total population, men, and women (aHR [for the highest quartile] = 0.98 [0.96-0.99, P < .0001], aHR = 0.98 [0.96-1.004, P = .0004], and aHR = 0.91 [0.88-0.94, P < .0001], respectively). HDL-C showed consistent trends regardless of age or statin use. Higher LDL-C levels were also associated with lower gastric cancer risk in the total population (aHR = 0.92 [0.91-0.94], P < .0001) and men (aHR = 0.94 [0.91-0.96], P < .0001), but not in women (P = .4073). A subgroup analysis of LDL-C showed significant interactions with age and statin use (Pinteraction < .0001 and Pinteraction = .0497, respectively). The risk of gastric cancer was higher in subjects with elevated LDL-C levels in the younger group (age < 55, HR [for the highest quartile] = 1.02 [0.99-1.04] in the total population; HR = 1.03 [1.003-1.06] in men), the risk was lower in subjects with elevated LDL-C in the elderly (age ≥ 55, HR = 0.93 [0.91-0.95] in the total population; HR = 0.94 [0.92-0.96] in men). Elevated TC was associated with lower gastric cancer risk in the total population (aHR = 0.95 [0.94-0.97], P < .0001), but not in each sex separately (P = .3922 in men; P = .1046 in women). Overall, higher HDL-C levels may play a protective role in gastric cancer pathogenesis. The association between LDL-C/TC and gastric cancer seems to vary according to sex, age, and statin use. Especially in young males under age 55, high LDL-C and TC levels were associated with higher risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bongseong Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lehnen N, Hallek M. [Sex-specific differences of special tumor diseases]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:717-726. [PMID: 37458764 PMCID: PMC10366284 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous data show that sex and gender have gained increasing importance in precision medicine as relevant modulators of specific oncological and hematological diseases. The purpose of this article is to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on sex differences in the incidence and outcome of specific malignancies and to further elucidate possible underlying causes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Evaluation and discussion of basic research studies, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. RESULTS There are significant sex-specific differences in the incidence, response rates, and mortality for a variety of oncological diseases. For the most part, men have poorer outcomes, whereas women have higher treatment-associated toxicities and distinct presentations at younger ages. Hormonal, immunological, and pharmacological causes are suspected. CONCLUSION Advanced patient-individualized treatment in oncology and hematology will be measured in the future by the implementation of the existing relevant sex differences in the clinical practice and further investigations on underlying mechanisms in studies in order to guarantee and to optimize the best possible treatment for oncological patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lehnen
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Michael Hallek
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
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Azizi N, Zangiabadian M, Seifi G, Davari A, Yekekhani E, Safavi-Naini SAA, Berger NA, Nasiri MJ, Sohrabi MR. Gastric Cancer Risk in Association with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2778. [PMID: 37345115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in abnormal body mass index (BMI) groups. A systematic search was carried out on Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus from January 2000 to January 2023. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was assessed using a random-effect model. Thirteen studies with total of 14,020,031 participants were included in this systematic review. The pooled RR of GC was 1.124 (95% CI, 0.968-1.304, I2: 89.08%) in underweight class, 1.155 (95% CI, 1.051-1.270, I2: 95.18%) in overweight class, and in 1.218 (95% CI, 1.070-1.386, I2: 97.65%) obesity class. There is no difference between cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer, while non-Asian race and female gender have higher risk of cancer, as Meta-regression of obesity and overweight classes showed. These findings suggest that there is a positive association between excess body weight and the risk of GC, with a higher impact in women than men and in non-Asian than Asian populations. Since abnormal weight is tied to various diseases, including GC, healthcare experts, and policymakers should continue interventions aiming to achieve a normal BMI range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Azizi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Golnoosh Seifi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Afshan Davari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Elham Yekekhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Ahmad Safavi-Naini
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
- Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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