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Jiang Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Bi L, Wang L, Chen Q, Lin Y, Jin H, Xu X, Peng R, Chen Z. SNP alleviates mitochondrial homeostasis dysregulation-mediated developmental toxicity in diabetic zebrafish larvae. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117117. [PMID: 38996709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing annually, and the disease is uncurable due to its complex pathogenesis. Therefore, understanding diabetes pathogenesis and developing new treatments are crucial. This study showed that the NO donor SNP (8 µM) significantly alleviated high glucose-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae. High glucose levels caused hyperglycemia, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage from excessive ROS accumulation. This promoted mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and lipid peroxidation (LPO)-induced ferroptosis, along with immune inflammatory reactions that decreased mitochondrial function and altered intracellular grid morphology, causing imbalanced kinetics and autophagy. After SNP treatment, zebrafish larvae showed improved developmental toxicity and glucose utilization, reduced ROS accumulation, and increased antioxidant activity. The NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway, inhibited by high glucose, was significantly activated by SNP, improving mitochondrial homeostasis, increasing mitochondrial count, and enhancing mitochondrial function. It's worth noting that apoptosis, ferroptosis and immune inflammation were effectively alleviated. In summary, SNP improved high glucose-induced developmental toxicity by activating the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway to reduce toxic effects such as apoptosis, ferroptosis and inflammation resulting from mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liuliu Bi
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lv Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Lin
- General Practitioner, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Huanzhi Jin
- General Practitioner, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zheyan Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou No.3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, China.
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Acosta G AJ, Chitneni E, Manzanares Vidals CJ, Modumudi S, Hammad S, Verma A, Rajesh RY, Khaliq A, Adeyemi O, Majeed F, Gujar RV. A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes and Their Cardiovascular Effects. Cureus 2024; 16:e65707. [PMID: 39211720 PMCID: PMC11358602 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of inhibitors for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) has significantly improved type 2 diabetes management. Large-scale clinical studies have shown that both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA enhance cardiovascular health. Benefits include reduced cardiovascular disease risk, lower mortality, fewer heart failure hospitalizations (SGLT2 inhibitors), and stroke prevention (GLP-1 RA). Additionally, these drugs slow chronic kidney disease progression. This comprehensive treatment targets vascular events. Despite differences, both drug classes are crucial. GLP-1 RA mainly reduce stroke risk, while SGLT2 inhibitors alleviate heart failure. Our findings, based on a literature review, will address the renal and cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA in both diabetics and non-diabetics, highlighting their combined benefits for heart conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo J Acosta G
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Dr. Alfredo Van Grieken, Coro, VEN
| | - Eesha Chitneni
- Internal Medicine, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Sravani Modumudi
- Internal Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Sobia Hammad
- Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ashee Verma
- Internal Medicine, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Kota, IND
| | - Rahul Y Rajesh
- Internal Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, GEO
| | - Aimen Khaliq
- Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Farhat Majeed
- General Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, PAK
| | - Rucha V Gujar
- Internal Medicine, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, IND
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Wyse JM, Sullivan BA, Lopez P, Guda T, Rathbone CR, Wechsler ME. Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Microparticles for the Delivery of Model Drug Compounds for Applications in Vascular Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38934132 DOI: 10.1159/000539971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Localized delivery of angiogenesis-promoting factors such as small molecules, nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins to promote the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues remains a challenge in vascular tissue engineering. Current delivery methods such as direct administration of therapeutics can fail to maintain the necessary sustained release profile and often rely on supraphysiologic doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. By implementing a microparticle delivery system, localized delivery can be coupled with sustained and controlled release to mitigate the risks involved with the high dosages currently required from direct therapeutic administration. METHODS For this purpose, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were fabricated via anti-solvent microencapsulation and the loading, release, and delivery of model angiogenic molecules, specifically a small molecule, nucleic acid, and protein, were assessed in vitro using microvascular fragments (MVFs). RESULTS The microencapsulation approach utilized enabled rapid spherical particle formation and encapsulation of model drugs of different sizes, all in one method. The addition of a fibrin scaffold, required for the culture of the MVFs, reduced the initial burst of model drugs observed in release profiles from PLGA alone. Lastly, in vitro studies using MVFs demonstrated that higher concentrations of microparticles led to greater co-localization of the model therapeutic (miRNA) with MVFs, which is vital for targeted delivery methods. It was also found that the biodistribution of miRNA using the delivered microparticle system was enhanced compared to direct administration. CONCLUSION Overall, PLGA microparticles, formulated and loaded with model therapeutic compounds in one step, resulted in improved biodistribution in a model of the vasculature leading to a future in translational revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn M Wyse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas at San Antonio - University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan A Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas at San Antonio - University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Priscilla Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Si PEH, Parker S, Abdelhafiz D, Summerbell A, Muzulu S, Abdelhafiz AH. Cardiovascular risk reduction in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a comprehensive narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111662. [PMID: 38599285 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic targets are controversial in older people with type 2 diabetes due to functional heterogeneity and morbidity burden. Tight blood pressure and metabolic control appears beneficial in fit individuals who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and have fewer comorbidities. The benefits of low blood pressure and tight metabolic control is attenuated with the development of comorbidities, especially frailty. Guidelines consider frail older people as one category and recommend relaxed targets. However, sarcopenic obese frail individuals may benefit from tight targets and intensification of therapy due to their unfavourable metabolic profile, accelerated diabetes trajectory and high cardiovascular risk. In addition, the early use of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be beneficial in this frailty phenotype due to their cardio-renal protection, which is independent of glycaemic control, provided they are able to engage in resistance exercise training to avoid loss of muscle mass. In the anorexic malnourished frail individual, early use of insulin, due to its weight gain and anabolic properties, is appropriate. In this phenotype, targets should be relaxed with deintensification of therapy due to significant weight loss, decelerated diabetes trajectory and increased risk of medication side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pann Ei Hnynn Si
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - S Parker
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, BS8 1QU
| | - D Abdelhafiz
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - A Summerbell
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2 UD, UK
| | - S Muzulu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Rotherham General Hospital, UK
| | - Ahmed H Abdelhafiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham S60 2 UD, UK.
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Sun M, Chen WM, Wu SY, Zhang J. Adapted diabetes complications severity index predicts dementia risk in ageing type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae079. [PMID: 38524154 PMCID: PMC10959489 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the link between the adapted diabetes complication severity index at the time of type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis and diabetes-induced dementia risk in elderly patients. Elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (age ≥ 60) were matched using propensity score matching. Cox regression was used to determine dementia hazard ratios; Kaplan-Meier method to assess cumulative incidence. The cohort included 256 214 elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Adapted diabetes complication severity index ≥ 1 showed higher dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-1.34), increasing by 1.17-fold per adapted diabetes complication severity index point. Dementia risk rose progressively across adapted diabetes complication severity index scores (P < 0.0001). Higher adapted diabetes complication severity index scores at the time of type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis elevated dementia risk in elderly patients. Adapted diabetes complication severity index ≥ 1 is linked to increased dementia risk. Adapted diabetes complication severity index evaluation at the time of type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis could predict risk, aiding early interventions. Effective diabetes management is crucial for reducing dementia risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wan-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 242, Taiwan
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 242, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 242, Taiwan
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 242, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, 265, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, 265, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, 265, Taiwan
- Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Management, College of Management, Fo Guang University, Yilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Porel R, Shyama S, Ahmad S, Kumar N, Ahmad S, Biswas R, Ojha VS. Can glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) be used as a predictor of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-hypertensive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre in Eastern India. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081269. [PMID: 38508641 PMCID: PMC10952981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to establish the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in non-hypertensive patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and determine the cut-off value of HbA1c for detecting LVDD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This study was conducted in General Medicine Department in collaboration with the Cardiology Department at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna. PARTICIPANTS The study population comprised patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM within the past 3 months, aged between 18 years and 80 years, who were not hypertensive and without any systemic diseases and who presented to the General Medicine Department. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The presence of LVDD was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Among the total of 60 participants, it was observed that age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.169, 95% CI: 1.066 to 1.283) and HbA1c (AOR: 2.625, 95% CI: 1.264 to 5.450) were found to be independent predictors for the presence of LVDD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a cut-off value of HbA1c at 9.5% (80 mmol/mol) for detecting LVDD, with a specificity of 96.43%, a sensitivity of 37.5% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.62%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that age and HbA1c levels are independent predictors of LVDD in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM without hypertension. A cut-off value of 9.5% for HbA1c was identified with a high specificity and PPV for predicting LVDD in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. This underscores the importance of conducting echocardiography in patients with newly diagnosed asymptomatic type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 9.5% or more to assess LVDD, allowing for prompt interventions if necessary and to decelerate the progression towards heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Porel
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shyama Shyama
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shaheen Ahmad
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ratnadeep Biswas
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Vishnu Shankar Ojha
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Rashid SA. Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Comparison between Diabetes and Nondiabetes Subjects, and Correlation with Serum Vitamin D. Radiol Res Pract 2024; 2024:7178920. [PMID: 38523880 PMCID: PMC10959580 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7178920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of adults (nondiabetes and type 2 diabetes) of various ages, sexes, and body mass index (BMI). CIMT for each side was measured at three segments using high-resolution ultrasound, and the mean of both sides was determined. Comparison was made between each group, and the association of CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, serum vitamin D status, smoking, and physical activity status was studied. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was utilized to ascertain the relationship between CIMT and the study variables. Results A significant difference was observed between the CIMT of the diabetes and nondiabetes group, average CIMT was 0.82 ± 0.23 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.24 mm for the nondiabetes and diabetes group, respectively, with P value <0.005. No significant correlation was observed between serum vitamin D level and CIMT neither in the study group as a whole nor in either subgroup; however, a significant association was observed between CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, smoking, and physical activity status. Conclusion Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for CIMT evaluation. Diabetes has a 5.4-fold higher risk of having high CIMT. Serum vitamin D level showed no significant influence on CIMT. Smoking, BMI, and physical activity are among the modifiable risk factors with significant influence on CIMT.
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Hsu L, Li L, Poon LY. Analysis of risk factors of infection in diabetic foot patients. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14411. [PMID: 37731215 PMCID: PMC10788463 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the risk factors for infection in 150 diabetic foot patients admitted to the Xiamen University Hospital between October 2020 and October 2022. Patients were categorised as infected (n = 80) or uninfected (n = 70) cohorts. The diabetic foot was evaluated using the American Diabetic Foot Grading system, whereas ulcers were categorised using Wagner's method. Analysed were patient-specific information, clinical data and risk factors including neuropathy, arterial disease and foot deformities. Our findings revealed no statistically significant differences between infected and uninfected cohorts concerning age, body mass index, gender, duration of diabetes or ankle-brachial index values (p > 0.05). However, infected group had a higher proportion of smokers and reduced socio-economic status (p < 0.05). Wagner grades indicated a greater severity in the infected group, with grade 3, grade 4 and grade 5 differing significantly (p < 0.05). Comparative analysis of ulcer characteristics revealed no statistically significant differences in ulcer surface area and depth, but the infected group had a higher prevalence of osteomyelitis and a greater number of ulcers (p > 0.05). Blood vessel complications, retinopathy, the presence of three or more ulcers, osteomyelitis and diabetic nephropathy were substantially more prevalent in the infected group, as determined by univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Subsequent multivariate logistic analysis revealed that patients with blood vessel complications, retinopathy, osteomyelitis, diabetic nephropathy and three or more ulcers were at increased risk for infection (p < 0.05). In addition, lifestyle factors, such as smoking, sedentary behaviour, inadequate foot hygiene, obesity and poor glycaemic control, were also associated with higher infection rates. A multivariate analysis of foot wound factors revealed that deeper, longer and recurrent lesions increased the likelihood of infection. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium from the infected group's bacterial culture, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The study enhanced our comprehension of the multifactorial risk factors associated with infections in diabetic foot patients, highlighting the need for thorough clinical evaluation, lifestyle modification and vigilant infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hsu
- School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Le Li
- Department of The First Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Heald A, Qin R, Williams R, Warner-Levy J, Narayanan RP, Fernandez I, Peng Y, Gibson JM, McCay K, Anderson SG, Ollier W. A Longitudinal Clinical Trajectory Analysis Examining the Accumulation of Co-morbidity in People with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Compared with Non-T2D Individuals. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:1903-1913. [PMID: 37707702 PMCID: PMC10570249 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is commonly associated with an increasing complexity of multimorbidity. While some progress has been made in identifying genetic and non-genetic risk factors for T2D, understanding the longitudinal clinical history of individuals before/after T2D diagnosis may provide additional insights. METHODS In this study, we utilised longitudinal data from the DARE (Diabetes Alliance for Research in England) study to examine the trajectory of clinical conditions in individuals with and without T2D. Data from 1932 individuals (T2D n = 1196 vs. matched non-T2D controls n = 736) were extracted and subjected to trajectory analysis over a period of up to 50 years (25 years pre-diagnosis/25 years post-diagnosis). We also analysed the cumulative proportion of people with diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) in their general practice (GP) record with an analysis of lower respiratory tract infection (RTI) as a comparator group. RESULTS The mean age of diagnosis of T2D was 52.6 (95% confidence interval 52.0-53.4) years. In the years leading up to T2D diagnosis, individuals who eventually received a T2D diagnosis consistently exhibited a considerable increase in several clinical phenotypes. Additionally, immediately prior to T2D diagnosis, a significantly greater prevalence of hypertension (35%)/RTI (34%)/heart conditions (17%)/eye, nose, throat infection (19%) and asthma (12%) were observed. The corresponding trajectory of each of these conditions was much less dramatic in the matched controls. Post-T2D diagnosis, proportions of T2D individuals exhibiting hypertension/chronic kidney disease/retinopathy/infections climbed rapidly before plateauing. At the last follow-up by quintile of disadvantage, the proportion (%) of people with diagnosed CAD was 6.4% for quintile 1 (least disadvantaged) and 11% for quintile 5 (F = 3.4, p = 0.01 for the difference between quintiles). CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the onset/natural progression of T2D, suggesting an early phase of inflammation-related disease activity before any clinical diagnosis of T2D is made. Measures that reduce social inequality have the potential in the longer term to reduce the social gradient in health outcomes reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Heald
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rui Qin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration Greater Manchester, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Warner-Levy
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | | | - Israel Fernandez
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yonghong Peng
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin McCay
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - William Ollier
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Dürig J, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Transition metals in angiogenesis - A narrative review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100757. [PMID: 37593220 PMCID: PMC10430620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a narrative review of the literature regarding the influence of transition metals on angiogenesis, excluding lanthanides and actinides. To our knowledge there are not any reviews up to date offering such a summary, which inclined us to write this paper. Angiogenesis describes the process of blood vessel formation, which is an essential requirement for human growth and development. When the complex interplay between pro- and antiangiogenic mediators falls out of balance, angiogenesis can quickly become harmful. As it is so fundamental, both its inhibition and enhancement take part in various diseases, making it a target for therapeutic treatments. Current methods come with limitations, therefore, novel agents are constantly being researched, with metal agents offering promising results. Various transition metals have already been investigated in-depth, with studies indicating both pro- and antiangiogenic properties, respectively. The transition metals are being applied in various formulations, such as nanoparticles, complexes, or scaffold materials. Albeit the increasing attention this field is receiving, there remain many unanswered questions, mostly regarding the molecular mechanisms behind the observed effects. Notably, approximately half of all the transition metals have not yet been investigated regarding potential angiogenic effects. Considering the promising results which have already been established, it should be of great interest to begin investigating the remaining elements whilst also further analyzing the established effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dürig
- University of Zürich, Faculty of Medicine, Pestalozzistrasse 3, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- University Hospital of Zürich, Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Euprazia LA, Rajeswari A, Thyagharajan KK, Shanker NR. Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Measurement Using Human Face Skin Region. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:9931010. [PMID: 37794995 PMCID: PMC10547572 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9931010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Analyse the diabetes mellitus (DM) of a person through the facial skin region using vision diabetology. Diabetes mellitus is caused by persistent high blood glucose levels and related complications, which show variation in facial skin regions due to reduced blood flow in the facial arteries. Materials and Method. In this study, 200 facial images of diabetes patients with skin conditions such as Bell's palsy, rubeosis faciei, scleroderma, and vitiligo were collected from existing face videos. Moreover, face images are collected from diabetic persons in India. Viola Jones' face-detecting algorithm extracts face skin regions from a diabetic person's face image in video frames. The affected skin area on the diabetic person's face is detected using HSV colour model segmentation. The proposed multiwavelet transform convolutional neural network (MWTCNN) extracts the features for diabetic measurement from up- and downfacial scaled images of diabetic persons. Results The existing deep learning models are compared with the proposed MWTCNN model, which provides the highest accuracy of 98.3%. Conclusion The facial skin region-based diabetic measurement avoids pricking of the serum and is used for continuous glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Aneesh Euprazia
- Computer Science and Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - A. Rajeswari
- Computer Science and Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - K. K. Thyagharajan
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, R.M.D Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - N. R. Shanker
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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12
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Li Y, Gu S, Li X, Huang Q. To identify biomarkers associated with the transfer of diabetes combined with cancer in human genes using bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35080. [PMID: 37713834 PMCID: PMC10508432 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly, particularly in China, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The goal of this study was to find meaningful biomarkers of metastasis in patients with diabetes and cancer using bioinformatic analysis in order to predict gene expression and prognostic importance for survival. We used the Differentially Expressed Gene, Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery, and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses databases, as well as several bioinformatics tools, to explore the key genes in diabetes. Based on the above database, we ended up with 10 hub genes (FOS, ATF3, JUN, EGR1, FOSB, JUNB, BTG2, EGR2, ZFP36, and NR4A2). A discussion of the 10 critical genes, with extensive literature mentioned to validate the association between the 10 key genes and patients with diabetes and cancer, to demonstrate the importance of gene expression and survival prognosis. This study identifies several biomarkers associated with diabetes and cancer development and metastasis that may provide novel therapeutic targets for diabetes combined with cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Shinong Gu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, P.R. China
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13
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Obradovic M, Zafirovic S, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Isenovic ER. Autophagy and diabetes. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023:576-588. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature findings on autophagy’s beneficial and detrimental roles in diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes-related comorbidities were reviewed. The effects of oral hypoglycaemic medicines and autophagy in DM. Autophagy plays an important function in cellular homeostasis by promoting cell survival or initiating cell death in physiological settings was also assessed. Although autophagy protects insulin-target tissues, organelle failure caused by autophagy malfunction influences DM and other metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress enhance autophagy levels, making it easier to regulate stress-induced intracellular changes. Evidence suggests that autophagy-caused cell death can occur when autophagy is overstimulated and constitutively activated, which might prevent or develop DM. Even though the precise role of autophagy in DM complications is uncertain, deregulation of the autophagic machinery is strongly linked to beta cell destruction and the aetiology of DM. Thus, improving autophagy dysfunction is a possible therapeutic objective in treating DM and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Rasheed L, Rehman W, Rahim F, Ali Z, Alanazi AS, Hussain R, Khan I, Alanazi MM, Naseer M, Abdellattif MH, Hussain R, Khan S, Taha M, Ali Shah SA. Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Indoline-2,3-dione-Based Benzene Sulfonamide Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15660-15672. [PMID: 37151487 PMCID: PMC10157847 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is also known as a critical and noisy disease. Hyperglycemia, that is, increased blood glucose level is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes, and over a period of time can cause serious effects on health such as blood vessel damage and nervous system damage. However, many attempts have been made to find suitable and beneficial solutions to overcome diabetes. Considering this fact, we synthesized a novel series of indoline-2,3-dione-based benzene sulfonamide derivatives and evaluated them against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. Out of the synthesized sixteen compounds (1-16), only three compounds showed better results; the IC50 value was in the range of 12.70 ± 0.20 to 0.90 ± 0.10 μM for α-glucosidase against acarbose 11.50 ± 0.30 μM and 14.90 ± 0.20 to 1.10 ± 0.10 μM for α-amylase against acarbose 12.20 ± 0.30 μM. Among the series, only three compounds showed better inhibitory potential such as analogues 11 (0.90 ± 0.10 μM for α-glucosidase and 1.10 ± 0.10 μM for α-amylase), 1 (1.10 ± 0.10 μM for α-glucosidase and 1.30 ± 0.10 μM for α-amylase), and 6 (1.20 ± 0.10 μM for α-glucosidase and 1.60 ± 0.10 μM for α-amylase). Molecular modeling was performed to determine the binding affinity of active interacting residues against these enzymes, and it was found that benzenesulfonohydrazide derivatives can be indexed as suitable inhibitors for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Rasheed
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
- . Phone: 0092-333-5779831
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseer
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Division
of Science and Technology, University of
Education Lahore, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations
(IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Atta-ur-Rahman
Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
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15
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Ali Jassim MM. Immunological profile of diabetic foot ulcers: update review. MUTHANNA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.52113/1/1/2023-38-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent consequence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcers frequently do not heal and necessitate lower limb amputation. According to estimates, DFU accounts for 50% to 70% of all lower limb amputations, and 50% of patients with DFU have peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is occasionally brought on by atherosclerosis. Deformity of foot, peripheral artery disease (PAD), loss protective sensation (LOPS), and a history of foot ulcers. Global prevalence for DFUs varies by region. One of the frequent complications of diabetes in poor nations, such as Iraq, is diabetic foot; approximately two-thirds of the patients with diabetes have Diabetic Foot disorder (DFD) in Iraq and this health issue had significant negative social and economic effects. The Saudi Arabia and Bahrain have the highest prevalence rates of DFU; the reported yearly incidence of diabetic foot ulcers ranges from "2.1% to 7.4%". There are three types of diabetic foot ulcers: neuropathic, neuroischaemic, and ischemic. An infected DFU often contains three to five different types of bacteria, including gram-positive aerobes, such as "Staphylococcus sp.", gram-positive anaerobes, gram negative aerobes, gram negative anaerobes, and fungi (Candida spp.). Numerous studies have demonstrated that effective management of DFU can significantly decrease, postpone, or even completely avoid consequences like infection, gangrene, amputation, and death.
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16
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Wu Z, Li X, Wen Q, Tao B, Qiu B, Zhang Q, Wang J. Serum LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the risk of carotid plaques: a longitudinal study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:501. [PMID: 36434516 PMCID: PMC9700971 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia contributes to an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. However, the association between the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and carotid plaque formation has not been well documented. This study aims to assess the role of LDL-C/HDL-C in the risk of carotid plaque formation in a Chinese population. METHODS We followed 2,191 participants who attended the annual routine health examination. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were applied to evaluate the association between the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and carotid plaques. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS Among 2,191 participants, 388 had incident carotid plaques detected, with a median follow-up time of 1.05 years. Compared with subjects younger than 45 years, those aged 45 to 59 years (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.55-2.58) and over 60 years (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.47-4.58) had an increased risk of carotid plaque formation. Males (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-1.56), diabetes (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-2.01) and a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38) were significantly linked with the occurrence of carotid plaques. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio promoted carotid plaque events (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50). The RCS analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association. The association was stronger among females (P-interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION A high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio could accelerate the occurrence of carotid plaques. Older men with diabetes and dyslipidemia are the critical target population. Women may be more likely to benefit from lipid-lowering interventions and thus avoid carotid plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchao Wu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Health Management, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Bilin Tao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Health Management, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, China
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17
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Anton IC, Mititelu-Tartau L, Popa EG, Poroch M, Poroch V, Pelin AM, Pavel LL, Drochioi IC, Botnariu GE. Zinc Chloride Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Improving the Functional and Structural Organic Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1620. [PMID: 36363577 PMCID: PMC9695737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease affecting the whole metabolic balance of the body and resulting in multiple organ complications: cardiovascular, neuronal, renal, etc. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of zinc chloride (Zn) on certain blood parameters suggestive for assessing the metabolic disturbances, the liver and kidney function, the oxidative stress and the immune defense capacity in experimental-induced DM with streptozotocin (STZ) and cholesterol in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were assigned to three groups, as follows: Group 1 (Control): buffer citrate solution 0.1 mL/100 g body; Group 2 (STZ): 20 mg/kg body STZ and fat diet (10 g cholesterol/100 g diet); Group 3 (STZ+Zn): 20 mg/kg body STZ + 5 mg/kg body Zn chloride and the same fat diet. DM was induced by administering STZ in a single take daily, for three consecutive days, Zn and citrate buffer were administered orally for a month. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University 'Grigore T Popa' Iasi, in agreement with the International Regulations about the handling of laboratory animals. Results: The use of STZ in rats fed with cholesterol was correlated with important weight gain, hyperglycemia, the intensification of the transaminases activity and the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and in malondialdehyde. Conclusions: The treatment with Zn resulted in weight loss and a decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. Supplementation with Zn notably reduced oxidative stress, preserved the pancreatic architecture and restored the liver and kidney function and structure in STZ-induced DM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Claudia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eliza Gratiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Poroch
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vladimir Poroch
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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18
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Cosmo E, Midena G, Frizziero L, Bruno M, Cecere M, Midena E. Corneal Confocal Microscopy as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5130. [PMID: 36079060 PMCID: PMC9457345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DPN), particularly chronic sensorimotor DPN, represents one of the most frequent complications of diabetes, affecting 50% of diabetic patients and causing an enormous financial burden. Whilst diagnostic methods exist to detect and monitor this condition, they have significant limitations, mainly due to their high subjectivity, invasiveness, and non-repeatability. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is an in vivo, non-invasive, and reproducible diagnostic technique for the study of all corneal layers including the sub-basal nerve plexus, which represents part of the peripheral nervous system. We reviewed the current literature on the use of CCM as an instrument in the assessment of diabetic patients, particularly focusing on its role in the study of sub-basal nerve plexus alterations as a marker of DPN. CCM has been demonstrated to be a valid in vivo tool to detect early sub-basal nerve plexus damage in adult and pediatric diabetic patients, correlating with the severity of DPN. Despite its great potential, CCM has still limited application in daily clinical practice, and more efforts still need to be made to allow the dissemination of this technique among doctors taking care of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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19
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Bhamidipati T, Kumar M, Verma SS, Mohanty SK, Kacar S, Reese D, Martinez MM, Kamocka MM, Dunn KW, Sen CK, Singh K. Epigenetic basis of diabetic vasculopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989844. [PMID: 36568089 PMCID: PMC9780391 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes peripheral vascular disease because of which several blood-borne factors, including vital nutrients fail to reach the affected tissue. Tissue epigenome is sensitive to chronic hyperglycemia and is known to cause pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications. These vascular complications of T2DM may perpetuate the onset of organ dysfunction. The burden of diabetes is primarily because of a wide range of complications of which nonhealing diabetic ulcers represent a major component. Thus, it is imperative that current research help recognize more effective methods for the diagnosis and management of early vascular injuries. This review addresses the significance of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in the evolution of macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theja Bhamidipati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jefferson-Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manishekhar Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sumit S. Verma
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sujit K. Mohanty
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Diamond Reese
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michelle M. Martinez
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Malgorzata M. Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanhaiya Singh, ; Chandan K. Sen,
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanhaiya Singh, ; Chandan K. Sen,
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