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Yang Q, Dong L, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jin H, Yang H, Liu X, Zhao Y. Analytical and Diagnostic Performance of a Dual-Target Blood Detection Test for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e70017. [PMID: 39324668 PMCID: PMC11425738 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance approaches with high sensitivity and specificity for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still urgently needed. Previous studies have shown that methylation of GNB4 and Riplet can effectively diagnose HCC. AIMS This study plan to analyze the performance of a blood test for detecting HCC using GNB4 and Riplet methylation. METHODS AND RESULTS This study mainly investigated the analytical performance of the dual-target HCC blood test (DT-HBT), including cut-off value, limit of detection (LOD), precision, analytical specificity, and coincidence rate. In addition, the detection performance for HCC was validated in 1030 clinical plasma samples (214 HCC and 816 non-HCC). Plasma samples from 25 HCC patients after hepatectomy were collected to assess the feasibility of the kit for postoperative recurrence monitoring. All analytical performance of the DT-HBT met prespecified requirements. The LOD for GNB4, Riplet, and β-actin was 1% methylation/100 copies/μL with cut-offs of 43, 43, and 35, respectively. The DT-HBT showed excellent precision, within 5% CV. It had a specificity of 91.5% for detecting other cancers, and 100% for breast, lung, and bladder cancer. No cross-reactions were observed with 9 potential interfering substances. The DT-HBT achieved a 100% coincidence rate in detecting reference and clinical samples. The clinical performance study found that the kit showed a sensitivity of 81.7% for stage I HCC, and an overall sensitivity and specificity of 87.4% and 92.3%, respectively. The detection sensitivity for postoperative recurrent patients was 95.8%, with a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION The analytical performance of the DT-HBT met prespecified criteria. It provided HCC patients with a reliable and high-performing new blood test for the HCC diagnosis and surveillance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05685524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Yang
- Department of TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lanlan Dong
- Academic DepartmentWuhan Ammunition Life‐Tech Company, Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - Lianglu Zhang
- Academic DepartmentWuhan Ammunition Life‐Tech Company, Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Academic DepartmentWuhan Ammunition Life‐Tech Company, Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Academic DepartmentWuhan Ammunition Life‐Tech Company, Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - Yue Huang
- Academic DepartmentWuhan Ammunition Life‐Tech Company, Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - Huifang Jin
- Department of TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Liver Disease, the Second Hospital of NanjingAffiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- Department of TransfusionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Ponomaryova AA, Rykova EY, Solovyova AI, Tarasova AS, Kostromitsky DN, Dobrodeev AY, Afanasiev SA, Cherdyntseva NV. Dynamic Changes in Circulating Methylated Markers in Response to Antitumor Therapy of Rectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:1190-1198. [PMID: 38829580 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer (RC) occupies a leading position in the structure of oncological morbidity and mortality. Aberrant methylation of tumor-suppressor genes and hypomethylation of retrotransposons were shown to be detectable in cell-free DNA, circulating in the blood (cfDNA) of cancer patients, indicating the possibility to use them as diagnostic and prognosis markers. PURPOSE Evaluation of the changes in the methylation level of LINE-1 elements and SEPTIN9 and IKZF1 genes in the cell-surface-bound cfDNA (csb-cfDNA) from the blood of RC patients after antitumor therapy at a long-term follow-up. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from RC patients (n = 25) before treatment, after preoperative chemotherapy (3 courses according to the XELOX scheme), 10-15 days after surgery, and every 3 months during 12 months of dynamic observation. The methylation level of LINE-1, SEPTIN9, and IKZF1 in the csb-cfDNA was evaluated by quantitative methyl-specific PCR. RESULTS The LINE-1 methylation level in the csb-cfDNA increased 1.6 times in RC patients after chemotherapy and 3 times after tumor resection versus methylation level before therapy. The SEPTIN9 gene methylation level in the csb-cfDNA decreased by 1.7 times in RC patients after chemotherapy and by 2.3 times after tumor resection compared with the values before the treatment. The IKZF1 gene methylation level decreased by 2 times in RC patients after combined therapy. Notably, all patients with relapses (n = 5) showed an increase in methylation level for the SEPTIN9 and IKZF1 genes and a decrease of methylation level for the LINE-1 elements by 2 times or more in comparison with the level 10-15 days after surgery. There were no changes in the circulating SEPTIN9, IKZF1, and LINE-1 methylation levels during the 12-month follow-up period after the combined therapy of RC patients (n = 20) without relapses. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SEPTIN9, IKZF1, and LINE-1 methylation levels in the csb-cfDNA are potential markers of the effectiveness of antitumor therapy and early detection of relapse in RC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Ponomaryova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Elena Yu Rykova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Engineering Problems of Ecology, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630087, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia I Solovyova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medico-Biological Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Tarasova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Kostromitsky
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Dobrodeev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A Afanasiev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Cherdyntseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009, Tomsk, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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Yu M, Yang C, Wang S, Shi Y, Wang J, Meng C, Xue L, Chen Z. Plasma Methylated SEPT9 as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:2254-2261. [PMID: 37608077 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of plasma methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in predicting liver metastasis (LM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The clinicopathological information of 115 consecutive CRC patients were collected. The differences of clinical characteristics and several biomarkers between CRC patients with LM and those with non-liver metastasis (NM) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for predicting LM in CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers in indicating the presence of LM in CRC. Compared with the CRC without LM, the levels of plasma mSEPT9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were significantly increased in CRC with LM. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma mSEPT9 was an independent risk factor for predicting LM in CRC. ROC curves showed that mSEPT9 and CEA could efficiently distinguish LM from NM in CRC. The area under the curve (AUC) of mSEPT9 was 0.850, which was slightly higher than that of CEA (0.842). The optimal cut-off value of mSEPT9 was 35.09 with a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 73.33%, both similar with that of CEA (sensitivity 87.27% and specificity 75.00%). In addition, the combination of mSEPT9 and CEA had a higher specificity than CEA alone (81.70% Vs 75.00%). Our findings suggest, for the first time, that plasma mSEPT9 might serve as a potential biomarker to predict LM in CRC, which deserves further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Cunren Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Huang M, Deng S, Li M, Yang Z, Guo J, Deng Y, Chen D, Yan B. Clinical diagnostic value of methylated SEPT9 combined with NLR, PLR and LMR in colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:240. [PMID: 39075402 PMCID: PMC11287835 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate clinical diagnostic values of mSEPT9 combined with NLR, PLR and LMR in CRC. METHODS 329 subjects composed of 120 CRC patients, 105 polyps patients and 104 healthy participants were prospectively recruited. Clinicopathologic features were collected and analyzed. Plasma samples were collected for mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR test. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC of each biomarker separately or in combination were estimated by the ROC curve. RESULTS The levels of NLR, PLR and the PDR of mSEPT9 in CRC patients were significantly higher than those in non-CRC subjects, while LMR was the opposite. The PDR of mSEPT9 in CRC patients was significantly correlated with age, tumor size, tumor stage and M stage. ROC curve analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic values of mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR in CRC patients with AUC of 0.78 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.89), 0.78 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.83), 0.80 (Se = 0.68, and Sp = 0.81), and 0.77 (Se = 0.72, and Sp = 0.73), respectively. Moreover, combination of these four biomarkers dramatically enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of CRC (AUC = 0.92, Se = 0.90, and Sp = 0.87), especially for CRC patients with large tumors (AUC = 0.95) or distal metastasis (AUC = 0.95). CONCLUSION mSEPT9, NLR, PLR and LMR showed the potential to be reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of CRC. And the combined application of these biomarkers further improved the diagnostic accuracy of CRC significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Shuang Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Ming Li
- Trauma Center, ZhuZhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Jiaxing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China.
| | - Bokang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China.
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Zakari S, Niels NK, Olagunju GV, Nnaji PC, Ogunniyi O, Tebamifor M, Israel EN, Atawodi SE, Ogunlana OO. Emerging biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis and treatment of cancer: a systematic review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405267. [PMID: 39132504 PMCID: PMC11313249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review focuses on the utility of non-invasive biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and treatment, their role in early detection, disease monitoring, and personalized therapeutic interventions. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified 45 relevant studies that highlight the potential of these biomarkers across various cancer types, such as breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. The non-invasive biomarkers discussed include liquid biopsies, epigenetic markers, non-coding RNAs, exosomal cargo, and metabolites. Notably, liquid biopsies, particularly those based on circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), have emerged as the most promising method for early, non-invasive cancer detection due to their ability to provide comprehensive genetic and epigenetic information from easily accessible blood samples. This review demonstrates how non-invasive biomarkers can facilitate early cancer detection, accurate subtyping, and tailored treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes. It underscores the transformative potential of non-invasive biomarkers in oncology, highlighting their application for enhancing early detection, survival rates, and treatment precision in cancer care. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023474749 PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023474749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Zakari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Nguedia K. Niels
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Grace V. Olagunju
- Department of Molecular Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Precious C. Nnaji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabusayo Ogunniyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Tebamifor
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel N. Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday E. Atawodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Lokoja, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communication - Africa Centre of Excellence (CApIC-ACE), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Huang Y, Su T, Duan Q, Wei X, Fan X, Wan J, Liu L, Dian Z, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhou T, Xu Y. Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase rs1801133 Gene Polymorphism with Cancer Risk and Septin 9 Methylation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:778-786. [PMID: 38252186 PMCID: PMC11186932 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9) has been used clinically as an auxiliary tool for CRC screening. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 polymorphism with the risk of CRC and the methylation status of Septin 9 in CRC. METHODS Information of 540 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CRC and with a physical examination were utilized to assess the association of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with CRC and the methylation of SEPT9. MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The commercial Septin 9 Gene Methylation(mSEPT9) Detection Kit was used for plasma SEPT9 methylation analysis. RESULTS Among 540 patients, 61.48% were men and the median age was 54.47 ± 13.14. 65.37% of all colorectal tumors developed in the rectum. 195 patients had negative mSEPT9 methylation, while 345 had positive results. 87 individuals with stage I, 90 with stage II, 287 with stage III, and 76 with stage IV colorectal cancer were included in the sample. The results demonstrated that the positivity rate and degree of methylation of mSEPT9 were remarkably higher in patients with more advanced TNM stages than in those with less advanced stages. The frequencies of the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype and allele C carriers in patients with CRC were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). The positivity rate of the mSEPT9 assay was significantly higher among the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers than among the CC and allele C carriers respectively. The MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype and allele T carriers were positively associated with the methylation of SEPT9 (OR = 3.320, 95% CI 1.485-7.424, P = 0.003 and OR = 1.783, 95% CI 1.056-3.010, P = 0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, individuals harboring the MTHFR rs1801133 CC genotype had a higher risk of CRC and the MTHFR rs1801133 TT carriers were more susceptible to Septin 9 gene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuting Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangcong Wei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxiu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqin Dian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guiqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, P.R. China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Cortiana V, Joshi M, Chorya H, Vallabhaneni H, Kannan S, Coloma HS, Park CH, Leyfman Y. Reimagining Colorectal Cancer Screening: Innovations and Challenges with Dr. Aasma Shaukat. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1898. [PMID: 38791975 PMCID: PMC11119477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) currently ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, posing a significant global health burden to the population. Recent studies have reported the emergence of a new clinical picture of the disease, with a notable increase in CRC rates in younger populations of <50 years of age. The American Cancer Society (ACS) now recommends CRC screening starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals. Dr. Aasma Shaukat's Keynote Conference highlights the critical need for updated screening strategies, with an emphasis on addressing the suboptimal adherence rates and the effective management of the growing burden of CRC. Lowering the adenoma detection screening age can facilitate early identification of adenomas in younger asymptomatic patients, altering the epidemiologic landscape. However, its implications may not be as profound unless a drastic shift in the age distribution of CRC is observed. Currently, various screening options are available in practice, including stool-based tests like multitarget stool DNA (mtDNA) tests, fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), and imaging-based tests. In addition to existing screening methods, blood-based tests are now emerging as promising tools for early CRC detection. These tests leverage innovative techniques along with AI and machine learning algorithms, aiding in tumor detection at a significantly earlier stage, which was not possible before. Medicare mandates specific criteria for national coverage of blood-based tests, including sensitivity ≥ 74%, specificity ≥ 90%, FDA approval, and inclusion in professional society guidelines. Ongoing clinical trials, such as Freenome, Guardant, and CancerSEEK, offer hope for further advancements in blood-based CRC screening. The development of multicancer early detection tests like GRAIL demonstrates a tremendous potential for detecting various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Despite these breakthroughs, the question of accessibility and affordability still stands. The ever-evolving landscape of CRC screening reflects the strength of the scientific field in light of an altered disease epidemiology. Lowering screening age along with the integration of blood-based tests with existing screening methods holds great potential in reducing the CRC-related burden. At the same time, it is increasingly important to address the challenges of adaptation of the healthcare system to this change in the epidemiologic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cortiana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Muskan Joshi
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0186, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Leyfman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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Hua H, Wang T, Pan L, Du X, Xia T, Fa Z, Gu L, Gao F, Yu C, Gao F, Liao L, Shen Z. A proteomic classifier panel for early screening of colorectal cancer: a case control study. J Transl Med 2024; 22:188. [PMID: 38383428 PMCID: PMC10880210 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) during early stages can greatly improve patient outcome. Although technical advances in the field of genomics and proteomics have identified a number of candidate biomarkers for non-invasive screening and diagnosis, developing more sensitive and specific methods with improved cost-effectiveness and patient compliance has tremendous potential to help combat the disease. METHODS We enrolled three cohorts of 479 subjects, including 226 CRC cases, 197 healthy controls, and 56 advanced precancerous lesions (APC). In the discovery cohort, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to measure the expression profile of plasma proteins and applied machine-learning to select candidate proteins. We then developed a targeted mass spectrometry assay to measure plasma concentrations of seven proteins and a logistic regression classifier to distinguish CRC from healthy subjects. The classifier was further validated using two independent cohorts. RESULTS The seven-protein panel consisted of leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), complement C9 (C9), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3), serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1). The panel classified CRC and healthy subjects with high accuracy, since the area under curve (AUC) of the training and testing cohort reached 0.954 and 0.958. The AUC of the two independent validation cohorts was 0.905 and 0.909. In one validation cohort, the panel had an overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 89.9%, 81.8%, 89.2%, and 82.9%, respectively. In another blinded validation cohort, the panel classified CRC from healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 81.5%, specificity of 97.9%, and overall accuracy of 92.0%. Finally, the panel was able to detect APC with a sensitivity of 49%. CONCLUSIONS This seven-protein classifier is a clear improvement compared to previously published blood-based protein biomarkers for detecting early-stage CRC, and is of translational potential to develop into a clinically useful assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanju Hua
- Department of Colorectal Surgery (H.H), and Department of Gastroenterology (C.Y. and Z.S.), College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangxuan Pan
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyao Du
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianxue Xia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery (H.H), and Department of Gastroenterology (C.Y. and Z.S.), College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Fa
- Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery (H.H), and Department of Gastroenterology (C.Y. and Z.S.), College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lujian Liao
- Durbrain Medical Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery (H.H), and Department of Gastroenterology (C.Y. and Z.S.), College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Ren J, Miao X. A commentary on 'Application and development of noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review'. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3211-3212. [PMID: 37402287 PMCID: PMC10583895 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinpu Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Gude SS, Veeravalli RS, Vejandla B, Gude SS, Venigalla T, Chintagumpala V. Colorectal Cancer Diagnostic Methods: The Present and Future. Cureus 2023; 15:e37622. [PMID: 37197135 PMCID: PMC10185295 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the needs of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patient population, colorectal cancer screening is continuously updated. The most significant advice is to start CRC screening exams at age 45 for people at average risk for CRC. CRC testing is divided into two categories: stool-based tests and visual inspections. High-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing, fecal immunochemical testing, and multitarget stool DNA testing are stool-based assays. Colon capsule endoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are visualization examinations. There have been arguments about the importance of these tests in detecting and managing precursor lesions because of the lack of validation of screening results. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and genetics have prompted the creation of newer diagnostic tests, which require validation in diverse populations and cohorts. In this article, we have discussed the present and emerging diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tejaswi Venigalla
- Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, USA
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Shao B, Zhu M, Shen K, Luo L, Du P, Li J, Xu J, Deng Y, Lin N, Wu J, Hu W. Disease Burden of Total and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and Predictions of Cancer Incidence and Mortality. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:151-163. [PMID: 36755975 PMCID: PMC9900241 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s391058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the temporal trends in the epidemiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and early-onset CRC (EOCRC) in China is essential for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies to reduce the CRC burden. Methods The prevalence, incidence, mortality, years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CRC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The incidence and mortality of CRC over the next 25 years were predicted. Results From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of total CRC and EOCRC significantly increased in males, with milder trends in females. In 2019, the number of people living with CRC (or EOCRC) in China was approximately 3.4 (0.59) million, which was over seven (five) times higher than that in 1990. The DALYs, YLDs, and YLLs moderately increased from 1990 to 2019 in both sexes. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for females has shown a stable trend in total CRC, and a downward trend in EOCRC since 2000. While the ASMR for males showed increasing trends in total CRC and EOCRC. In 2019, the highest incidence, prevalence, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs were all observed in the 65 to 69 age group, while the highest mortality was in the 70 to 74. By 2044, the incidence and deaths of CRC are expected to reach 1310 thousand and 484 thousand, respectively. For EOCRC, the incidence will peak at about 101 thousand around 2034, and the mortality will continuously decrease to a nadir at about 18 thousand around 2044. Conclusion Although the age-standardized incidence and mortality of total CRC and EOCRC in China will reach a plateau, the number of incident cases and deaths of CRC have been increasing in the last three decades and will continue to increase in the next 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bule Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ne Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jiaguo Wu; Weiling Hu, Email ;
| | - Weiling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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