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Yin C, Zhang M, Jin S, Zhou Y, Ding L, Lv Q, Huang Z, Zhou J, Chen J, Wang P, Zhang S, You Q. Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract to alleviate Chronic Sleep Deprivation-Induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155725. [PMID: 38772181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain may play an essential role in the cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic sleep deprivation(CSD). Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen, DS), a famous Chinese medicine and functional tea, is extensively used to protect learning and memory capacities, although the mechanism of action remains unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to explore the efficacy and the underlying mechanism of DS in cognitive dysfunction caused by CSD. METHODS DS chemical composition was analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Forty rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8): control (CON), model (MOD), low- (1.35 g/kg, DSL), high-dose (2.70 g/kg, DSH) DS group, and Melatonin(100 mg/kg, MT) group. A CSD rat model was established over 21 days. DS's effects and the underlying mechanism were explored using the open-field test(OFT), Morris water-maze(MWM), tissue staining(Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining, Nissl staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid SCHIFF staining, and Immunofluorescence), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR), and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrated that CSD caused gut dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were more in fecal samples from model group rats, whereas Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were less. DS therapy, on the contrary hand, greatly restored the gut microbial community, consequently alleviating cognitive impairment in rats. Further research revealed that DS administration reduced systemic inflammation via lowering intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. Following that, DS therapy reduced Blood Brain Barrier(BBB) and neuronal damage, further decreasing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus(HP). Mechanistic studies revealed that DS therapy lowered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the HP, serum, and colon, consequently blocking the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream pro-inflammatory products(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2) in the HP and colon. CONCLUSION DS treatment dramatically improved spatial learning and memory impairments in rats with CSD by regulating the composition of the intestinal flora, preserving gut and brain barrier function, and reducing inflammation mediated by the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which DS treats cognitive dysfunction caused by CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Meiya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Qing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Shunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Qiuyun You
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Jurjus A, El Masri J, Ghazi M, El Ayoubi LM, Soueid L, Gerges Geagea A, Jurjus R. Mechanism of Action of Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:1236. [PMID: 38674926 PMCID: PMC11054672 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a continuum of chronic inflammatory diseases, is tightly associated with immune system dysregulation and dysbiosis, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and multiple extraintestinal manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely elucidated. However, it is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. In both IBD and CRC, a complex interplay occurs between the immune system and gut microbiota (GM), leading to the alteration in GM composition. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone, was found to be involved with this interplay, especially since it is present in high amounts in the gut, leading to some protective effects. Actually, melatonin enhances the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulates the immune response, alleviates inflammation, and attenuates oxidative stress. Thereby, the authors summarize the multifactorial interaction of melatonin with IBD and with CRC, focusing on new findings related to the mechanisms of action of this hormone, in addition to its documented positive outcomes on the treatment of these two pathologies and possible future perspectives to use melatonin as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | | | - Lara Soueid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.G.); (R.J.)
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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Rol MA. Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 38247459 PMCID: PMC10812647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin-gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Liang X, Du W, Huang L, Xiang L, Pan W, Yang F, Zheng F, Xie Y, Geng L, Gong S, Xu W. Helicobacter pylori promotes gastric intestinal metaplasia through activation of IRF3-mediated kynurenine pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:141. [PMID: 37328804 PMCID: PMC10273570 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a critical event for cell fate and function, making it an attractive target for clinical therapy. The function of metabolic reprogramming in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected gastric intestinal metaplasia remained to be identified. METHODS Xanthurenic acid (XA) was measured in gastric cancer cells treated with H. pylori or H. pylori virulence factor, respectively, and qPCR and WB were performed to detect CDX2 and key metabolic enzymes expression. A subcellular fractionation approach, luciferase and ChIP combined with immunofluorescence were applied to reveal the mechanism underlying H. pylori mediated kynurenine pathway in intestinal metaplasia in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Herein, we, for the first time, demonstrated that H. pylori contributed to gastric intestinal metaplasia characterized by enhanced Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor-2 (CDX2) and mucin2 (MUC2) expression, which was attributed to activation of kynurenine pathway. H. pylori promoted kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT2)-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, leading to XA production, which further induced CDX2 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Mechanically, H. pylori activated cyclic guanylate adenylate synthase (cGAS)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway in gastric epithelial cells, leading to enhance IRF3 nuclear translocation and the binding of IRF3 to KAT2 promoter. Inhibition of KAT2 could significantly reverse the effect of H. pylori on CDX2 expression. Also, the rescue phenomenon was observed in gastric epithelial cells treated with H. pylori after IRF3 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, phospho-IRF3 was confirmed to be a clinical positive relationship with CDX2. CONCLUSION These finding suggested H. pylori contributed to gastric intestinal metaplasia through KAT2-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism via cGAS-IRF3 signaling, targeting the kynurenine pathway could be a promising strategy to prevent gastric intestinal metaplasia caused by H. pylori infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Wenxu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fangying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fengfeng Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Yongwu Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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Iesanu MI, Zahiu CDM, Dogaru IA, Chitimus DM, Pircalabioru GG, Voiculescu SE, Isac S, Galos F, Pavel B, O’Mahony SM, Zagrean AM. Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2244. [PMID: 36421432 PMCID: PMC9686962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials, melatonin has been shown to have positive effects in various pathologies, as a modulator of important biochemical pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. The gut represents one of melatonin's most abundant extra pineal sources, with a 400-times-higher concentration than the pineal gland. The importance of the gut microbial community-namely, the gut microbiota, in multiple critical functions of the organism- has been extensively studied throughout time, and its imbalance has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. Recent studies highlight a possible gut microbiota-modulating role of melatonin, with possible implications for the treatment of these pathologies. Consequently, melatonin might prove to be a valuable and versatile therapeutic agent, as it is well known to elicit positive functions on the microbiota in many dysbiosis-associated conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronodisruption-induced dysbiosis, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review intends to lay the basis for a deeper comprehension of melatonin, gut microbiota, and host-health subtle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Iesanu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Chitimus
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Isac
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M. O’Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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