1
|
Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Liu J, Zhu K, Jiang S, Duan J. Lizhong decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting ferroptosis of enterocytes via the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117966. [PMID: 38401661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Traditional herbal medicines have been considered as a novel and effective way to treat many diseases. Lizhong decoction (LZD), a classical prescription composed of Zingiber officinale Rosc., Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders in clinical practices for thousands of years. However, the mechanism of LZD in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to clarify the potential molecular mechanism of LZD in improving UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amelioration of LZD on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice was evaluated by body weight, colon length, pathology of colon tissues, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins. Moreover, the gene expression profiles of UC patients were extracted to investigate potential pathological mechanisms of UC. The influence of LZD on ferroptosis was analyzed by iron load, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins. Meanwhile, the inhibition of LZD on oxidative stress (OS) was assessed by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as the expression levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Furthermore, the influence of LZD on ferroptosis was assessed by inhibiting nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2). RESULTS LZD showed significant therapeutic effects in UC mice, including reduction of intestinal injury and inflammation. Moreover, LZD treatment notably upregulated the expression of TJ proteins. Further investigation indicated that LZD significantly inhibited the ferroptosis of enterocytes by decreasing iron load and MDA, and increasing the expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in colon tissues. Furthermore, the decreased activity of SOD, reduced level of GSH, and increased content of GSSG in UC mice were notably reversed by LZD. Consistent with in vivo results, LZD could markedly inhibit ferroptosis and OS in RSL3-induced Caco-2 cells. Mechanistically, LZD alleviated ferroptosis by suppressing OS through the activation of Nrf2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, LZD remarkably improved intestinal pathological injury in UC mice, and its potential mechanism was the suppression of ferroptosis in enterocytes by the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwen Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shin MS, Lee Y, Cho IH, Yang HJ. Brain plasticity and ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:286-297. [PMID: 38707640 PMCID: PMC11069001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to modify its structure, accompanied by its functional changes. It is influenced by learning, experiences, and dietary factors, even in later life. Accumulated researches have indicated that ginseng may protect the brain and enhance its function in pathological conditions. There is a compelling need for a more comprehensive understanding of ginseng's role in the physiological condition because many individuals without specific diseases seek to improve their health by incorporating ginseng into their routines. This review aims to deepen our understanding of how ginseng affects brain plasticity of people undergoing normal aging process. We provided a summary of studies that reported the impact of ginseng on brain plasticity and related factors in human clinical studies. Furthermore, we explored researches focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the influence of ginseng on brain plasticity and factors contributing to brain plasticity. Evidences indicate that ginseng has the potential to enhance brain plasticity in the context of normal aging by mediating both central and peripheral systems, thereby expecting to improve age-related declines in brain function. Moreover, given modern western diet can damage neuroplasticity in the long term, ginseng can be a beneficial supplement for better brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Integrative Bioscience, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou B, Sh G, Xie D, Zhao X, Hao B, Liu D, Wang M, Wu L, Lin L, Qian X. Ginsenoside Rb1 prevents age-related endothelial senescence by modulating SIRT1/caveolin-1/enos signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24586. [PMID: 38322899 PMCID: PMC10844051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Advancing age is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders. The Compendium of Materia Medica, a classic book on traditional Chinese medicine, states that ginseng "harmonizes the five internal organs, calming the spirit and prolonging the years of life." Considered one of the primary bioactive compounds derived from Panax ginseng, ginsenoside Rb1 (g-Rb1) has been scientifically suggested to possess anti-senescence efficacy. More research is needed to explore the vascular pharmacological activity and potential clinical application value of g-Rb1. Aims of the study Our previous study demonstrated that g-Rb1 could mitigate cellular senescence via the SIRT1/eNOS pathway. This study was performed to explore the exact mechanisms by which g-Rb1 modulates the SIRT1/eNOS pathway. Materials and methods We used human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish a replicative ageing model. Real-time (RT‒PCR), western blotting, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and immunoprecipitation were conducted to detect the effect of g-Rb1 on the SIRT1/caveolin-1/eNOS axis. Results G-Rb1 increased NO production and alleviated replicative senescence of HUVECs. The application of g-Rb1 elevated the mRNA and protein abundance of both SIRT1 and eNOS while concomitantly suppressing the expression of caveolin-1. Inhibition of SIRT1 and eNOS by siRNAs suppressed the anti-senescence function of g-Rb1, while caveolin-1 siRNA could enhance it. G-Rb1 decreased the acetylation level of caveolin-1 and increased NO production, which was suppressed by SIRT1 siRNA. Both g-Rb1 and caveolin-1 siRNA could reduce the acetylation level of eNOS and increase NO production. Conclusion G-Rb1 prevents age-related endothelial senescence by modulating the SIRT1/caveolin-1/eNOS signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoshun Hao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dinhui Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangying Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Ding W, Yang X, Lu T, Liu Y. Isoliquiritigenin, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117059. [PMID: 37604329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is a medicinal herb with a 2000-year history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the anti-inflammatory activity of ISL and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss new insights for its potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammation agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined literatures published in the past twenty years from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, with single or combined key words of "isoliquiritigenin", "inflammation", and "anti-inflammatory". RESULTS ISL elicits its anti-inflammatory activity by mediating various cellular processes. It inhibits the upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and activates the nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, it suppresses the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway and restrains the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Current studies indicate a great therapeutical potential of ISL as a drug candidate for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics, biosafety, and bioavailability of ISL remain to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Casper E. The crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in coronary artery disease: Can it be regulated by SIRT6? Life Sci 2023; 330:122007. [PMID: 37544377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major mechanisms responsible for the progression of CAD. Nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that modulates the cellular redox status. Nrf2 upregulation increases the expression of antioxidant genes, decreases the expression of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and increases free radical metabolism. Activated NF-kB increases the production of inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction. The two pathways of Nrf2 and NF-kB can regulate the expression of each other. Foremost, the Nrf2 pathway can decrease the level of active NF-κB by increasing the level of antioxidants and cytoprotective enzymes. Furthermore, the Nrf2 pathway prevents IκB-α degradation, an inhibitor of NF-kB, and thus inhibits NF-κB mediated transcription. Also, NF-kB transcription inhibits Nrf2 activation by reducing the antioxidant response element (ARE) transcription. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the Sirtuins family that was found to protect against cardiovascular diseases. SIRT6 can suppress the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) through deacetylation of NRF2 which results in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, SIRT6 can inhibit the inflammatory process through the downregulation of NF-kB transcription. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be a therapeutic strategy to treat CAD. This review describes the potential role of SIRT6 in regulating the crosstalk between NRF2 and NF-kB signaling pathways in CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Casper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ratchamak R, Authaida S, Koedkanmark T, Boonkum W, Semaming Y, Chankitisakul V. Supplementation of Freezing Medium with Ginseng Improves Rooster Sperm Quality and Fertility Relative to Free Radicals and Antioxidant Enzymes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2660. [PMID: 37627452 PMCID: PMC10451814 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to determine the effect of ginseng as an antioxidant supplement in freezing extenders on the quality of cryopreserved rooster semen. Semen samples were collected from 40 Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) using the dorso-abdominal massage method and then pooled and divided into five groups according to the concentrations of ginseng supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) in a freezing extender. The semen suspensions were loaded into a medium straw and cryopreserved using the liquid nitrogen vapor method. The post-thaw semen was evaluated for sperm quality (sperm motility and membrane integrity), seminal plasma characteristics (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), and fertility. The results showed that ginseng extract supplementation at 0.25 mg/mL yielded the highest total motility, progressive motility, and membrane integrity (59.47%, 30.82%, and 48.30%, respectively; p < 0.05) in cryopreserved rooster semen. Higher malondialdehyde concentrations were observed in the control group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). SOD, CAT, and GPx increased compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). The results showed that the fertility rate with 0.25 mg/mL of ginseng was higher than that of the control group (62.80% vs. 46.28%: p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with 0.25 mg/mL of ginseng is recommended as an alternative component to the freezing extender to improve rooster semen cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supakorn Authaida
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Thirawat Koedkanmark
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yoswaris Semaming
- Program in Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand;
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (R.R.); (S.A.); (T.K.); (W.B.)
- The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao W, He K, Yu C, Zhou Z, Xia L, Xie S, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Luo P, Wen L, Chen G. Space Station-like Composite Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Multiple Natural Compounds from Chinese Medicine and Hydrogen in Combating Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3987-4006. [PMID: 37503854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ototoxic drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin (CDDP) can cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is closely related to oxidative stress and the acidification of the inner ear microenvironment. Effective treatment of SNHL often requires multifaceted approach due to the complex pathology, and drug combination therapy is expected to be at the forefront of modern hearing loss treatment. Here, space-station-like composite nanoparticles (CCC@mPP NPs) with pH/oxidation dual responsiveness and multidrug simultaneous delivery capability were constructed and then loaded with various drugs including panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), tanshinone IIA (TSIIA), and ammonia borane (AB) to provide robust protection against SNHL. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that carboxymethyl chitosan/calcium carbonate-chitosan (CCC) NPs and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-PLGA (mPP) NPs can rendezvous and dock primarily by hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic forces may be involved. Moreover, CCC@mPP NPs crossed the round window membrane (RWM) and entered the inner ear through endocytosis and paracellular pathway. The docking state was basically maintained during this process, which created favorable conditions for multidrug delivery. This nanosystem was highly sensitive to pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes, as evidenced by the restricted release of payload at alkaline condition (pH 7.4) without ROS, while significantly promoting the release in acidic condition (pH 5.0 and 6.0) with ROS. TSIIA/PNS/AB-loaded CCC@mPP NPs almost completely preserved the hair cells and remained the hearing threshold shift within normal limits in aminoglycoside- or CDDP-treated guinea pigs. Further experiments demonstrated that the protective mechanisms of TSIIA/PNS/AB-loaded CCC@mPP NPs involved direct and indirect scavenging of excessive ROS, and reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the high biocompatibility of the composite NPs, even after long-term administration. Collectively, this work suggests that composite NPs is an ideal multi-drug-delivery vehicle and open new avenues for inner ear disease therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kerui He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeming Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liye Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shibao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hanqi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Sunho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000853, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000853, China
| | - Lu Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System & Class III Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation & Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su J, Su Q, Hu S, Ruan X, Ouyang S. Research Progress on the Anti-Aging Potential of the Active Components of Ginseng. Nutrients 2023; 15:3286. [PMID: 37571224 PMCID: PMC10421173 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a cellular state characterized by a permanent cessation of cell division and evasion of apoptosis. DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction, telomere damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main factors associated with senescence. Aging increases β-galactosidase activity, enhances cell spreading, and induces Lamin B1 loss, which further accelerate the aging process. It is associated with a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes, and chronic inflammation. Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-aging effects. The active components of ginseng, including saponins, polysaccharides, and active peptides, have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, and age-delaying effects. DNA damage is the main factor associated with aging, and the mechanism through which the active ingredients of ginseng reduce DNA damage and delay aging has not been comprehensively described. This review focuses on the anti-aging mechanisms of the active ingredients of ginseng. Furthermore, it broadens the scope of ideas for further research on natural products and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiaofen Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xinglin Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China;
| | - Songying Ouyang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (Q.S.); (S.H.)
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Microbial Pathogenesis and Interventions, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bian XB, Yu PC, Yang XH, Han L, Wang QY, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Sun X. The effect of ginsenosides on liver injury in preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184774. [PMID: 37251340 PMCID: PMC10213882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver injury is a severe liver lesion caused by various etiologies and is one of the main areas of medical research. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has traditionally been used as medicine to treat diseases and regulate body functions. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and their effects on liver injury have been extensively reported. Methods: Preclinical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platforms. The Stata 17.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis. Results: This meta-analysis included ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and compound K (CK), in 43 articles. The overall results showed that multiple ginsenosides significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), affected oxidative stress-related indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), and reduced levels of inflammatory factor, such as factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, there was a large amount of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis results. Our predefined subgroup analysis shows that the animal species, the type of liver injury model, the duration of treatment, and the administration route may be the sources of some of the heterogeneity. Conclusion: In a word, ginsenosides have good efficacy against liver injury, and their potential mechanisms of action target antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic-related pathways. However, the overall methodological quality of our current included studies was low, and more high-quality studies are needed to confirm their effects and mechanisms further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bo Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Liu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Yao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan M, Lan X, Wang Q, Shan M, Fang X, Zhang Y, Wu D, Luo H, Gao W, Zhu D. Renal function protection and the mechanism of ginsenosides: Current progress and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070738. [PMID: 36814491 PMCID: PMC9939702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is a general term for kidney diseases, which refers to changes in the structure and function of the kidney caused by various factors, resulting in pathological damage to the kidney, abnormal blood or urine components, and other diseases. The main manifestations of kidney disease include hematuria, albuminuria, edema, hypertension, anemia, lower back pain, oliguria, and other symptoms. Early detection, diagnosis, and active treatment are required to prevent chronic renal failure. The concept of nephropathy encompasses a wide range of conditions, including acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. Some of these kidney-related diseases are interrelated and may lead to serious complications without effective control. In serious cases, it can also develop into chronic renal dysfunction and eventually end-stage renal disease. As a result, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients and places a great economic burden on society and families. Ginsenoside is one of the main active components of ginseng, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. A variety of monomers in ginsenosides can play protective roles in multiple organs. According to the difference of core structure, ginsenosides can be divided into protopanaxadiol-type (including Rb1, Rb3, Rg3, Rh2, Rd and CK, etc.), and protopanaxatriol (protopanaxatriol)- type (including Rg1, Rg2 and Rh1, etc.), and other types (including Rg5, Rh4, Rh3, Rk1, and Rk3, etc.). All of these ginsenosides showed significant renal function protection, which can reduce renal damage in renal injury, nephritis, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy models. This review summarizes reports on renal function protection and the mechanisms of action of these ginsenosides in various renal injury models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qunling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
| | - Difu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Difu Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi Z, Chen H, Zhou X, Yang W, Lin Y. Pharmacological effects of natural medicine ginsenosides against Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952332. [PMID: 36467099 PMCID: PMC9708891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the most important pharmacological active ingredient of ginseng, with multiple biological therapeutic targets, mild action and no side effects. It is having shown beneficial effects in vitro and in vivo models of AD. In this review, we analyze large literature, summarize the inhibition of ginsenosides fibrous extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of possible mechanisms, and explain the effects of ginsenosides on AD neuroprotection from the aspects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis, prove the potential of ginsenosides as a new class of drugs for the treatment of AD. In addition, according to the current clinical application status of natural drugs, this paper analysis the delivery route and delivery mode of ginsenosides from the perspective of pharmacokinetics, providing a deeper insight into the clinical application of ginsenosides in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng Y, Ma F, Wu E, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhang J. Ginsenosides: Allies of gastrointestinal tumor immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922029. [PMID: 36386161 PMCID: PMC9659574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, immunotherapy has been the most promising treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. But the low response rate and drug resistance remain major concerns. It is therefore imperative to develop adjuvant therapies to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and prevent drug resistance. Ginseng has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine as a natural immune booster for thousands of years. The active components of ginseng, ginsenosides, have played an essential role in tumor treatment for decades and are candidates for anti-tumor adjuvant therapy. They are hypothesized to cooperate with immunotherapy drugs to improve the curative effect and reduce tumor resistance and adverse reactions. This review summarizes the research into the use of ginsenosides in immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors and discusses potential future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enjiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan M, Shan M, Lan X, Fang X, Song D, Luo H, Wu D. Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033017. [PMID: 36278171 PMCID: PMC9581320 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence of which has increased worldwide in recent years. Ginsenosides are the main active components of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that ginsenosides have significant anti-cancer activity, including BC. It is reported that ginsenosides can induce BC cells apoptosis, inhibit BC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as autophagy and angiogenesis, thereby suppress the procession of BC. In this review, the therapeutic effects and the molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides on BC will be summarized. And the combination strategy of ginsenosides with other drugs on BC will also be discussed. In addition, epigenetic changes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by ginsenosides in the treatment of BC are clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Fan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dimeng Song
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Haoming Luo, ; Donglu Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao M, Xu F, Yao Y, Wang H, Ju X, Wang L. Assessment of Novel Oligopeptides from Rapeseed Napin ( Brassica napus) in Protecting HepG2 Cells from Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12418-12429. [PMID: 36129441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptides (Thr-His-Leu-Pro-Lys (THLPK), His-Pro-Leu-Lys (HPLK), Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), His-Leu-Lys (HLK), and Leu-His-Lys (LHK)) are newly identified from rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates with the capability of upregulating glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation. However, whether each of them enhances GLUT4 expression and translocation and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we assess the effects of the oligopeptides against insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and screen out the most antidiabetic one. Specifically, compared with other oligopeptides, LPK not only remarkably elevated glucose consumption to 8.45 mmol/L protein; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 319 U/mg protein; GLUT4 expression and translocation; and phosphorylated level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) (P < 0.05) but also remarkably attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 2255, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to 20.5 U/mg protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 241 nmol/mg protein, and NO content to 1302 μmol/mL protein (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that antidiabetic oligopeptide LPK possessed the most potential to protect HepG2 cells from IR and oxidative stress via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 and regulating common oxidative markers in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun J, Luo H, Yu Q, Kou B, Jiang Y, Weng L, Xiao C. Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919434. [PMID: 35801112 PMCID: PMC9255912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms affect crop rhizospheres via the transformation and transport of nutrients, which has important influences on soil fertility, carbon sequestration, and plant yield and health in agroecosystems. There are few reports on the effects of fertilizer application on the growth of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) or the structure of its rhizosphere microbial communities. In this study, an orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the effects of nine different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers with different amounts and proportions on ginseng growth and accumulation of ginsenosides and the structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities. Soil without fertilization was the control. With the combined application of NPK, ginseng growth and development increased. The fertilization scheme N3P1K3, with N fertilizer at 50 g·m−2, P fertilizer at 15 g·m−2, and K fertilizer at 60 g·m−2, had the most comprehensive benefit and significantly increased ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside contents (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Amplicon sequencing showed that NPK application increased the diversity of fungal communities in ginseng rhizospheres, whereas richness was bidirectionally regulated by proportions and amounts of NPK. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in ginseng rhizosphere soil, and relative abundances decreased with combined NPK application. Combined NPK application increased the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi, such as Mortierella, but decreased that of potentially pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium. Correlation analysis showed that potential beneficial fungi were significantly positively correlated with ginseng rhizome yield and ginsenoside contents, whereas the opposite relation was observed with potential pathogenic fungi. Thus, in addition to directly increasing crop growth, precise NPK application can also increase crop adaptability to the environment by shaping specific microbial communities. The results of this study suggest that the combined effects of biotic and abiotic processes on agricultural production determine crop yield and quality.
Collapse
|