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Chevalier B, Coppin L, Romanet P, Cuny T, Maïza JC, Abeillon J, Forestier J, Walter T, Gilly O, Le Bras M, Smati S, Nunes ML, Geslot A, Grunenwald S, Mouly C, Arnault G, Wagner K, Koumakis E, Cortet-Rudelli C, Merlen É, Jannin A, Espiard S, Morange I, Baudin É, Cavaille M, Tauveron I, Teissier MP, Borson-Chazot F, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Savagner F, Pasmant É, Giraud S, Vantyghem MC, Goudet P, Barlier A, Cardot-Bauters C, Odou MF. Beyond MEN1, When to Think About MEN4? Retrospective Study on 5600 Patients in the French Population and Literature Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1482-e1493. [PMID: 38288531 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline CDKN1B variants predispose patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), a rare MEN1-like syndrome, with <100 reported cases since its discovery in 2006. Although CDKN1B mutations are frequently suggested to explain cases of genetically negative MEN1, the prevalence and phenotype of MEN4 patients is poorly known, and genetic counseling is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of MEN4 in MEN1-suspected patients and characterize the phenotype of MEN4 patients. DESIGN Retrospective observational nationwide study. Narrative review of literature and variant class reassessment. PATIENTS We included all adult patients with class 3/4/5 CDKN1B variants identified by the laboratories from the French Oncogenetic Network on Neuroendocrine Tumors network between 2015 and 2022 through germline genetic testing for MEN1 suspicion. After class reassessment, we compared the phenotype of symptomatic patients with class 4/5 CDKN1B variants (ie, with genetically confirmed MEN4 diagnosis) in our series and in literature with 66 matched MEN1 patients from the UMD-MEN1 database. RESULTS From 5600 MEN1-suspected patients analyzed, 4 with class 4/5 CDKN1B variant were found (0.07%). They presented with multiple duodenal NET, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and adrenal nodule, isolated PHPT, PHPT, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. We listed 29 patients with CDKN1B class 4/5 variants from the literature. Compared with matched MEN1 patients, MEN4 patients presented lower NET incidence and older age at PHPT diagnosis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MEN4 is low. PHPT and pituitary adenoma represent the main associated lesions, NETs are rare. Our results suggest a milder and later phenotype than in MEN1. Our observations will help to improve genetic counseling and management of MEN4 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Coppin
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer-Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire « Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pauline Romanet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, Biogénopôle, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Department of Endocrinology, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, MARMARA Institute, CRMR HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Maïza
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, 97448 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Juliette Abeillon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Forestier
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale et Hépatogastroentérologie, Hospices Civil de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Walter
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale et Hépatogastroentérologie, Hospices Civil de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Gilly
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Disease, CHU Nîmes, Université Montpellier, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Maëlle Le Bras
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Laure Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital (CHU) and University of Bordeaux, 33404 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurore Geslot
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Céline Mouly
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | | | - Kathy Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Eugénie Koumakis
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, INSERM U1160, Institut Imagine, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Cortet-Rudelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Émilie Merlen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Jannin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer-Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Morange
- Department of Endocrinology, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, MARMARA Institute, CRMR HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Éric Baudin
- Department of Endocrine Oncology and Imaging, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mathias Cavaille
- U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Teissier
- Unité INSERM 1094 & IRD, Université de Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier universitaire Dupuytren 2, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, INSERM U1083, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IFB-CHU, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Cancer Department, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL), University Hospital, East Pathology Center, 69029 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Goudet
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire François Mitterand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, Biogénopôle, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Cardot-Bauters
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Françoise Odou
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire « Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
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Ahmed K, Sheikh A, Fatima S, Ghulam T, Haider G, Abbas F, Sarria-Santamera A, Ghias K, Mughal N, Abidi SH. Differential analysis of histopathological and genetic markers of cancer aggressiveness, and survival difference in EBV-positive and EBV-negative prostate carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10315. [PMID: 38705879 PMCID: PMC11070424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between prostate carcinoma (PCa) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); however, none of the studies so far have identified the histopathological and genetic markers of cancer aggressiveness associated with EBV in PCa tissues. In this study, we used previously characterized EBV-PCR-positive (n = 39) and EBV-negative (n = 60) PCa tissues to perform an IHC-based assessment of key histopathological and molecular markers of PCa aggressiveness (EMT markers, AR expression, perineural invasion, and lymphocytic infiltration characterization). Additionally, we investigated the differential expression of key oncogenes, EMT-associated genes, and PCa-specific oncomiRs, in EBV-positive and -negative tissues, using the qPCR array. Finally, survival benefit analysis was also performed in EBV-positive and EBV-negative PCa patients. The EBV-positive PCa exhibited a higher percentage (80%) of perineural invasion (PNI) compared to EBV-negative PCa (67.3%) samples. Similarly, a higher lymphocytic infiltration was observed in EBV-LMP1-positive PCa samples. The subset characterization of T and B cell lymphocytic infiltration showed a trend of higher intratumoral and tumor stromal lymphocytic infiltration in EBV-negative tissues compared with EBV-positive tissues. The logistic regression analysis showed that EBV-positive status was associated with decreased odds (OR = 0.07; p-value < 0.019) of CD3 intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration in PCa tissues. The analysis of IHC-based expression patterns of EMT markers showed comparable expression of all EMT markers, except vimentin, which showed higher expression in EBV-positive PCa tissues compared to EBV-negative PCa tissues. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the expression of CDH1, AR, CHEK-2, CDKN-1B, and CDC-20 and oncomiRs miR-126, miR-152-3p, miR-452, miR-145-3p, miR-196a, miR-183-3p, and miR-146b in EBV-positive PCa tissues compared to EBV-negative PCa tissues. Overall, the survival proportion was comparable in both groups. The presence of EBV in the PCa tissues results in an increased expression of certain oncogenes, oncomiRs, and EMT marker (vimentin) and a decrease in CD3 ITL, which may be associated with the aggressive forms of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ahmed
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alisalman Sheikh
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Ghulam
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Abbas
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Mughal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Elwafa RAHA, Bordiny ME, Salama M, Fawzy A, Omar OM. Cyclin D2 gene variance and expression level in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30678. [PMID: 37731174 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin D2 (CCND2) is a crucial player in cell cycle regulation. CCND2 polymorphisms contribute to cancer predisposition. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of CCND2 rs3217927 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and its expression levels with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) susceptibility in Egyptian children and its potential prognostic role. METHODS The 5' nuclease allelic discrimination assay was used to evaluate the frequency of CCND2 rs3217927 SNP in 80 newly diagnosed children with ALL and 80 age- and sex-matched controls. CCND2 relative expression levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The genotype analysis revealed that the GG genotype and G allele were significantly more prevalent among ALL patients than controls (p ˂ .001). Regression analysis demonstrated that Egyptian children carrying only one G allele had about 31-fold increased risk to develop ALL compared to A allele carriers. CCND2 was overexpressed in ALL patients compared to controls (p < .001). The CCND2 overexpression was associated with the GG genotype and G allele (p < .001). Furthermore, G allele was an independent negative prognostic marker for central nervous system (CNS) involvement (odds ratio [OR] = 4.676; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-18.6), risk stratification (OR = 38; 95% CI: 7.7-188.2), and chemoresistance (OR = 9.864; 95% CI: 5.6-70.3) in ALL patients. CONCLUSIONS G allele of CCND2 rs3217927 SNP might be associated with increased risk for ALL in Egyptian children besides being an independent negative prognostic marker for their risk stratification and therapeutic outcome. CCND2 rs3217927 SNP genotyping might be used to demarcate ALL patients with aggressive disease phenotypes who may be candidate for alternative targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdy El Bordiny
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Salama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Fawzy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omneya Magdy Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Chen G, Sun W, Li Y, Li M, Jia X, Wang J, Lai S. miR-196a Promotes Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells by Targeting CDKN1B. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3682. [PMID: 38067033 PMCID: PMC10705059 DOI: 10.3390/ani13233682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has become one of the key challenges faced by the dairy industry due to global warming. Studies have reported that miR-196a may exert a role in the organism's response to HS, enhancing cell proliferation and mitigating cellular stress. However, its specific role in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miR-196a could protect BMECs against proliferation arrest induced by HS and explore its potential underlying mechanism. In this research, we developed an HS model for BMECs and observed a significant suppression of cell proliferation as well as a significant decrease in miR-196a expression when BMECs were exposed to HS. Importantly, when miR-196a was overexpressed, it alleviated the inhibitory effect of HS on cell proliferation. We conducted RNA-seq and identified 105 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Some of these DEGs were associated with pathways related to thermogenesis and proliferation. Through RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we identified CDKN1B as a target gene of miR-196a. In summary, our findings highlight that miR-196a may promote BMEC proliferation by inhibiting CDKN1B and suggest that the miR-196a/CDKN1B axis may be a potential pathway by which miR-196a alleviates heat-stress-induced proliferation arrest in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.C.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
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Gao X, Yi Y, Lv J, Li Y, Arulsamy K, Babu S, Bruno I, Zhang L, Cao Q, Chen K. Low RNA stability signifies strong expression regulatability of tumor suppressors. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11534-11548. [PMID: 37831104 PMCID: PMC10681714 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA expression of a gene is determined by not only transcriptional regulation, but also post-transcriptional regulation of RNA decay. The precise regulation of RNA stability in the cell plays an important role in normal development. Dysregulation of RNA stability can lead to diseases such as cancer. Here we found tumor suppressor RNAs tended to decay fast in normal cell types when compared with other RNAs. Consistent with a negative effect of m6A modification on RNA stability, we observed preferential deposition of m6A on tumor suppressor RNAs. Moreover, abundant m6A and fast decay of tumor suppressor RNAs both tended to be further enhanced in prostate cancer cells relative to normal prostate epithelial cells. Further, knockdown of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 and reader YTHDF2 in prostate cancer cells both posed stronger effect on tumor suppressor RNAs than on other RNAs. These results indicated a strong post transcriptional expression regulatability mediated by abundant m6A modification on tumor suppressor RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Gao
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yi
- Department of Urology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jie Lv
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanqiang Li
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kulandaisamy Arulsamy
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sahana Suresh Babu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ivone Bruno
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Prostate Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Harvard cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Eickelschulte S, Riediger AL, Angeles AK, Janke F, Duensing S, Sültmann H, Görtz M. Biomarkers for the Detection and Risk Stratification of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246094. [PMID: 36551580 PMCID: PMC9777028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for the clinical management of prostate cancer are inadequate for a precise risk stratification between indolent and aggressive tumors. Recently developed tissue-based molecular biomarkers have refined the risk assessment of the disease. The characterization of tissue biopsy components and subsequent identification of relevant tissue-based molecular alterations have the potential to improve the clinical decision making and patient outcomes. However, tissue biopsies are invasive and spatially restricted due to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for complementary diagnostic and prognostic options. Liquid biopsy approaches are minimally invasive with potential utility for the early detection, risk stratification, and monitoring of tumors. In this review, we focus on tissue and liquid biopsy biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer, including modifications on the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. High-risk molecular alterations combined with orthogonal clinical parameters can improve the identification of aggressive tumors and increase patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Eickelschulte
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Lisa Riediger
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arlou Kristina Angeles
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Janke
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Görtz
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit, Multiparametric Methods for Early Detection of Prostate Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-42-2603
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Sekhoacha M, Riet K, Motloung P, Gumenku L, Adegoke A, Mashele S. Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:5730. [PMID: 36080493 PMCID: PMC9457814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options. Prostate cancer diagnoses include a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen analysis, and prostate biopsies. Mutations in certain genes are linked to the onset, progression, and metastasis of the cancer. Treatment for localized prostate cancer encompasses active surveillance, ablative radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy. Men who relapse or present metastatic prostate cancer receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), salvage radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Currently, available treatment options are more effective when used as combination therapy; however, despite available treatment options, prostate cancer remains to be incurable. There has been ongoing research on finding and identifying other treatment approaches such as the use of traditional medicine, the application of nanotechnologies, and gene therapy to combat prostate cancer, drug resistance, as well as to reduce the adverse effects that come with current treatment options. In this article, we summarize the genes involved in prostate cancer, available treatment options, and current research on alternative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamello Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Keamogetswe Riet
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Paballo Motloung
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lemohang Gumenku
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Ayodeji Adegoke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Samson Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Li X, Yang J, Chen X, Cao D, Xu EY. PUM1 represses CDKN1B translation and contributes to prostate cancer progression. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:371-382. [PMID: 34531333 PMCID: PMC8502688 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation of cancer gene expression programs plays a vital role in carcinogenesis; identifying the critical regulators of tumorigenesis and their molecular targets may provide novel strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Highly conserved RNA-binding protein Pumilio-1 (PUM1) regulates mouse growth and cell proliferation, propelling us to examine its role in cancer. We found human PUM1 is highly expressed in a diverse group of cancer, including prostate cancer; enhanced PUM1 expression is also correlated with reduced survival among prostate cancer patients. Detailed expression analysis in twenty prostate cancer tissues showed enhanced expression of PUM1 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of PUM1 reduced prostate cancer cell proliferation and colony formation, and subcutaneous injection of PUM1 knockdown cells led to reduced tumor size. Downregulation of PUM1 in prostate cancer cells consistently elevated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) protein expression through increased translation but did not impact its mRNA level, while overexpression of PUM1 reduced CDKN1B protein level. Our finding established a critical role of PUM1 mediated translational control, particularly the PUM1-CDKN1B axis, in prostate cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. We proposed that PUM1-CDKN1B regulatory axis may represent a novel mechanism for the loss of CDKN1B protein expression in diverse cancers and potential targets for therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Eugene Yujun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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9
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Pandareesh MD, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K. Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in Relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:253-267. [PMID: 32682386 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200719020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic, and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer poses a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodeling, and chromosomal looping, have significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelialmesenchymal transition and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation, and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss the clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazkar D Pandareesh
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Vivek H Kameshwar
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
| | - Kullaiah Byrappa
- Center for Research and Innovation, BGSIT Campus, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Mandya District, Karnataka 571448, India
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10
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Jiang N, Pan W, Li J, Cao T, Shen H. Upregulated Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008433 Regulates Pathogenesis in Endometriosis Via miRNA. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:2002-2017. [PMID: 32548806 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
circRNAs (circular RNAs) play important roles in the development of endometriosis. This study aimed to explore the functions of circRNAs on endometriosis. Two ectopic, two paired eutopic, and two normal endometrial tissue samples were collected for RNA-seq to obtain circRNA profiles and construct a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. The validation of 9 circRNAs in 15 patients was assessed by qRT-PCR. We selected hsa_circ_0008433 as the potential biomarker, followed by examining cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, angiopoiesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected using immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis was used to select the potential target miRNA and genes of hsa_circ_0008433. A total of 209 upregulated and 117 downregulated differentially expressed circRNAs were identified from the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue samples. Eight circRNA levels were significantly increased in ectopic endometrial tissue sample compared with eutopic endometrial tissue. The hsa_circ_0008433 knockdown inhibited endometrial stromal cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, and angiopoiesis; promoted cell apoptosis; and downregulated Ki67 and PCNA expression levels. Moreover, the hsa_circ_0008433 knockdown increased Bax and E-CAD expression and decreased Bcl2, CDKN1B, and CyclinD1 levels. Ten potential target miRNAs of hsa_circ_0008433 were selected, and six of them occur significantly aberrant in hsa_circ_0008433-expressing cells. Increased hsa_circ_0008433 levels regulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometriosis through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Chasseloup F, Pankratz N, Lane J, Faucz FR, Keil MF, Chittiboina P, Kay DM, Hussein Tayeb T, Stratakis CA, Mills JL, Hernández-Ramírez LC. Germline CDKN1B Loss-of-Function Variants Cause Pediatric Cushing's Disease With or Without an MEN4 Phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5813889. [PMID: 32232325 PMCID: PMC7190031 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline loss-of-function CDKN1B gene variants cause the autosomal dominant syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4). Even though pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are a well-known component of the syndrome, only 2 cases of Cushing's disease (CD) have so far been described in this setting. AIM To screen a large cohort of CD patients for CDKN1B gene defects and to determine their functional effects. PATIENTS We screened 211 CD patients (94.3% pediatric) by germline whole-exome sequencing (WES) only (n = 157), germline and tumor WES (n = 27), Sanger sequencing (n = 6), and/or germline copy number variant (CNV) analysis (n = 194). Sixty cases were previously unpublished. Variant segregation was investigated in the patients' families, and putative pathogenic variants were functionally characterized. RESULTS Five variants of interest were found in 1 patient each: 1 truncating (p.Q107Rfs*12) and 4 nontruncating variants, including 3 missense changes affecting the CDKN1B protein scatter domain (p.I119T, p.E126Q, and p.D136G) and one 5' untranslated region (UTR) deletion (c.-29_-26delAGAG). No CNVs were found. All cases presented early (10.5 ± 1.3 years) and apparently sporadically. Aside from colon adenocarcinoma in 1 carrier, no additional neoplasms were detected in the probands or their families. In vitro assays demonstrated protein instability and disruption of the scatter domain of CDKN1B for all variants tested. CONCLUSIONS Five patients with CD and germline CDKN1B variants of uncertain significance (n = 2) or pathogenic/likely pathogenic (n = 3) were identified, accounting for 2.6% of the patients screened. Our finding that germline CDKN1B loss-of-function may present as apparently sporadic, isolated pediatric CD has important implications for clinical screening and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chasseloup
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Departmentof Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016 CNRS 8104 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margaret F Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise M Kay
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Tara Hussein Tayeb
- College of Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James L Mills
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Laura C. Hernández-Ramírez, MD, PhD, Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, CRC, Rm 1E-3216, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA. E-mail:
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12
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Pathway Analysis of Genes Identified through Post-GWAS to Underpin Prostate Cancer Aetiology. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050526. [PMID: 32397189 PMCID: PMC7291227 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional role of risk regions identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has made considerable recent progress and is referred to as the post-GWAS era. Annotation of functional variants to the genes, including cis or trans and understanding their biological pathway/gene network enrichments, is expected to give rich dividends by elucidating the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer. To this aim, we compiled and analysed currently available post-GWAS data that is validated through further studies in prostate cancer, to investigate molecular biological pathways enriched for assigned functional genes. In total, about 100 canonical pathways were significantly, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), enriched in assigned genes using different algorithms. The results have highlighted some well-known cancer signalling pathways, antigen presentation processes and enrichment in cell growth and development gene networks, suggesting risk loci may exert their functional effect on prostate cancer by acting through multiple gene sets and pathways. Additional upstream analysis of the involved genes identified critical transcription factors such as HDAC1 and STAT5A. We also investigated the common genes between post-GWAS and three well-annotated gene expression datasets to endeavour to uncover the main genes involved in prostate cancer development/progression. Post-GWAS generated knowledge of gene networks and pathways, although continuously evolving, if analysed further and targeted appropriately, will have an important impact on clinical management of the disease.
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13
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Faisal FA, Murali S, Kaur H, Vidotto T, Guedes LB, Salles DC, Kothari V, Tosoian JJ, Han S, Hovelson DH, Hu K, Spratt DE, Baras AS, Tomlins SA, Schaeffer EM, Lotan TL. CDKN1B Deletions are Associated with Metastasis in African American Men with Clinically Localized, Surgically Treated Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2595-2602. [PMID: 31969336 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The potential biological determinants of aggressive prostate cancer in African American (AA) men are unknown. Here we characterize prostate cancer genomic alterations in the largest cohort to date of AA men with clinical follow-up for metastasis, with the aim to elucidate the key molecular drivers associated with poor prognosis in this population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Targeted sequencing was retrospectively performed on 205 prostate tumors from AA men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) to examine somatic genomic alterations and percent of the genome with copy-number alterations (PGA). Cox proportional hazards analyses assessed the association of genomic alterations with risk of metastasis. RESULTS At RP, 71% (145/205) of patients had grade group ≥3 disease, and 49% (99/202) were non-organ confined. The median PGA was 3.7% (IQR = 0.9%-9.4%) and differed by pathologic grade (P < 0.001) and stage (P = 0.02). Median follow-up was 5 years. AA men with the highest quartile of PGA had increased risks of metastasis (multivariable: HR = 13.45; 95% CI, 2.55-70.86; P = 0.002). The most common somatic mutations were SPOP (11.2%), FOXA1 (8.3%), and TP53 (3.9%). The most common loci altered at the copy number level were CDKN1B (6.3%), CHD1 (4.4%), and PTEN (3.4%). TP53 mutations and deep deletions in CDKN1B were associated with increased risks of metastasis on multivariable analyses (TP53: HR = 9.5; 95% CI, 2.2-40.6; P = 0.002; CDKN1B: HR = 6.7; 95% CI, 1.3-35.2; P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Overall, PGA, somatic TP53 mutations, and a novel finding of deep deletions in CDKN1B were associated with poor prognosis in AA men. These findings require confirmation in additional AA cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana A Faisal
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harsimar Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liana B Guedes
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniela Correia Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Polsky Urologic Cancer Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey J Tosoian
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sumin Han
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel H Hovelson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander S Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Polsky Urologic Cancer Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Farashi S, Kryza T, Clements J, Batra J. Post-GWAS in prostate cancer: from genetic association to biological contribution. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:46-59. [PMID: 30538273 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in deciphering the genetic component of predisposition to many human complex diseases including prostate cancer. Germline variants identified by GWAS progressively unravelled the substantial knowledge gap concerning prostate cancer heritability. With the beginning of the post-GWAS era, more and more studies reveal that, in addition to their value as risk markers, germline variants can exert active roles in prostate oncogenesis. Consequently, current research efforts focus on exploring the biological mechanisms underlying specific susceptibility loci known as causal variants by applying novel and precise analytical methods to available GWAS data. Results obtained from these post-GWAS analyses have highlighted the potential of exploiting prostate cancer risk-associated germline variants to identify new gene networks and signalling pathways involved in prostate tumorigenesis. In this Review, we describe the molecular basis of several important prostate cancer-causal variants with an emphasis on using post-GWAS analysis to gain insight into cancer aetiology. In addition to discussing the current status of post-GWAS studies, we also summarize the main molecular mechanisms of potential causal variants at prostate cancer risk loci and explore the major challenges in moving from association to functional studies and their implication in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farashi
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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15
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Cusan M, Mungo G, De Marco Zompit M, Segatto I, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Landscape of CDKN1B Mutations in Luminal Breast Cancer and Other Hormone-Driven Human Tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:393. [PMID: 30065701 PMCID: PMC6056726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDKN1B gene encodes for the p27Kip1 protein, firstly characterized as a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitor. Germline CDKN1B pathogenic variants have been described in hereditary tumors, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)-like syndromes and familial prostate cancer. Despite its central role in tumor progression, for a long time it has been proposed that CDKN1B was very rarely somatically mutated in human cancer and that its expression levels were almost exclusively regulated at post-transcriptional level. Yet, the advent of massive parallel sequencing has partially subverted this general understanding demonstrating that, at least in some types of cancer, CDKN1B is mutated in a significant percentage of analyzed samples. Recent works have demonstrated that CDKN1B can be genetically inactivated and this occurs particularly in sporadic luminal breast cancer, prostate cancer and small intestine neuroendocrine tumors. However, a clear picture of the extent and significance of CDKN1B mutations in human malignances is still lacking. To fill this gap, we interrogated the COSMIC, ICGC, cBioPortal, and TRANSFAC data portals and current literature in PubMed, and reviewed the mutational spectrum of CDKN1B in human cancers, interpreting the possible impact of these mutations on p27Kip1 protein function and tumor onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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16
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Bachs O, Gallastegui E, Orlando S, Bigas A, Morante-Redolat JM, Serratosa J, Fariñas I, Aligué R, Pujol MJ. Role of p27 Kip1 as a transcriptional regulator. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26259-26278. [PMID: 29899857 PMCID: PMC5995243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein p27Kip1 is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors. It interacts with both the catalytic and the regulatory subunit (cyclin) and introduces a region into the catalytic cleave of the Cdk inducing its inactivation. Its inhibitory capacity can be modulated by specific tyrosine phosphorylations. p27Kip1 also behaves as a transcriptional regulator. It associates with specific chromatin domains through different transcription factors. ChIP on chip, ChIP-seq and expression microarray analysis allowed the identification of the transcriptional programs regulated by p27Kip1. Thus, important cellular functions as cell division cycle, respiration, RNA processing, translation and cell adhesion, are under p27Kip1 regulation. Moreover, genes involved in pathologies as cancer and neurodegeneration are also regulated by p27Kip1, suggesting its implication in these pathologies. The carboxyl moiety of p27Kip1 can associate with different proteins, including transcriptional regulators. In contrast, its NH2-terminal region specifically interacts with cyclin-Cdk complexes. The general mechanistic model of how p27Kip1 regulates transcription is that it associates by its COOH region to the transcriptional regulators on the chromatin and by the NH2-domain to cyclin-Cdk complexes. After Cdk activation it would phosphorylate the specific targets on the chromatin leading to gene expression. This model has been demonstrated to apply in the transcriptional regulation of p130/E2F4 repressed genes involved in cell cycle progression. We summarize in this review our current knowledge on the role of p27Kip1 in the regulation of transcription, on the transcriptional programs under its regulation and on its relevance in pathologies as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bachs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Gallastegui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Orlando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, CIBERNED, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Serratosa
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina, CIBERNED, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Pujol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ren L, Zhao Y, Huo X, Wu X. MiR-155-5p promotes fibroblast cell proliferation and inhibits FOXO signaling pathway in vulvar lichen sclerosis by targeting FOXO3 and CDKN1B. Gene 2018; 653:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Chen L, Yang J, Xing Z, Yuan F, Shu Y, Zhang Y, Kong X, Huang T, Li H, Cai YD. An integrated method for the identification of novel genes related to oral cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175185. [PMID: 28384236 PMCID: PMC5383255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant public health problem worldwide. Complete identification of genes related to one type of cancer facilitates earlier diagnosis and effective treatments. In this study, two widely used algorithms, the random walk with restart algorithm and the shortest path algorithm, were adopted to construct two parameterized computational methods, namely, an RWR-based method and an SP-based method; based on these methods, an integrated method was constructed for identifying novel disease genes. To validate the utility of the integrated method, data for oral cancer were used, on which the RWR-based and SP-based methods were trained, thereby building two optimal methods. The integrated method combining these optimal methods was further adopted to identify the novel genes of oral cancer. As a result, 85 novel genes were inferred, among which eleven genes (e.g., MYD88, FGFR2, NF-κBIA) were identified by both the RWR-based and SP-based methods, 70 genes (e.g., BMP4, IFNG, KITLG) were discovered only by the RWR-based method and four genes (L1R1, MCM6, NOG and CXCR3) were predicted only by the SP-based method. Extensive analyses indicate that several novel genes have strong associations with cancers, indicating the effectiveness of the integrated method for identifying disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Science & Technology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Shu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - YunHua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangYin Kong
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - HaiPeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (TH); (HPL); (YDC)
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Borsari S, Pardi E, Pellegata NS, Lee M, Saponaro F, Torregrossa L, Basolo F, Paltrinieri E, Zatelli MC, Materazzi G, Miccoli P, Marcocci C, Cetani F. Loss of p27 expression is associated with MEN1 gene mutations in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Endocrine 2017; 55:386-397. [PMID: 27038812 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MEN1 is the main gene responsible for tumorigenesis of syndromic and sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Germline mutations of the CDKN1B/p27Kip gene have been associated with multiple endocrine tumors in rats and humans. To evaluate the involvement of the CDKN1B gene and its relationship with MEN1 in sporadic PHPT, we carried out sequencing and loss of heterozygosity analyses of the CDKN1B gene in 147 sporadic parathyroid adenomas. p27 immunohistochemistry and genetic screening of the MEN1 gene were performed in 50 cases. Three germline CDKN1B variants (c.-80C>T, c.-29_-26delAGAG, c.397C>A) were identified in 3/147 patients. Reduction of CDKN1B gene transcription rate was demonstrated in vitro for the novel c.-80C>T and the c.-29_-26delAGAG variants. Loss of p27 expression was detected in the tumor carrying the c.-29_-26delAGAG variant. Two tumors carrying the CDKN1B variants also harbored a MEN1 mutation. Fifty-four percent of 50 CDKN1B mutation-negative tumors had a reduction of p27 nuclear staining. Somatic MEN1 mutations, identified in 15/50 samples, significantly segregated in tumors negative for nuclear and cytoplasmic p27 staining. The germline nature of the CDKN1B mutations suggests that they might predispose to PHPT. The lack of somatic CDKN1B mutations in our samples points to a rare involvement in parathyroid adenomas, despite the frequent loss of nuclear p27 expression. MEN1 biallelic inactivation seems to be directly related to down-regulation of p27 expression through the inhibition of CDKN1B gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Borsari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Pardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Misu Lee
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Federica Saponaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Paltrinieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filomena Cetani
- Endocrine Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Lang T, Nie Y. MiR-148a participates in the growth of RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cells by regulating CDKN1B. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1967-1971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Mishra N, Kouzmitcheva E, Orsino A, Minassian BA. Chromosome 12p Deletion Spanning the GRIN2B Gene Presenting With a Neurodevelopmental Phenotype: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Child Neurol Open 2016; 3:2329048X16629980. [PMID: 28503605 PMCID: PMC5417284 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x16629980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The GRIN2B (glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-d-aspartate 2B) gene, located in the short arm of chromosome 12, encoding the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, has recently been recognized to play an important role in corticogenesis and brain plasticity. Deletions in the short arm of chromosome 12 are rare. Hemizygous loss of function of the GRIN2B gene results in developmental delay, whereas gain of function leads to epilepsy, and infantile spasms in particular. In addition, GRIN2B variants have been associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Here the authors report a child with global developmental delay, autistic behavioural features, central hypotonia, dysmorphic features and isolated congenital anomalies of the fingers and toes, and a de novo heterozygous deletion in chromosome locus 12p13.2-p13.1, involving loss of several genes, including GRIN2B. This report and our review of the literature help clarify the distinct phenotypes associated with loss or gain of GRIN2B function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Mishra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Elizabeth Kouzmitcheva
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Orsino
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Holland Bloorview Kid's Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital For Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kibel AS, Ahn J, Isikbay M, Klim A, Wu WS, Hayes RB, Isaacs WB, Daw EW. Genetic variants in cell cycle control pathway confer susceptibility to aggressive prostate carcinoma. Prostate 2016; 76:479-90. [PMID: 26708993 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because a significant number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) are diagnosed with disease unlikely to cause harm, genetic markers associated with clinically aggressive PCa have potential clinical utility. Since cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation is crucial for the development and progression of cancer, we tested the hypothesis that common germ-line variants within cell cycle genes were associated with aggressive PCa. METHODS Via a two-stage design, 364 common sequence variants in 88 genes were tested. The initial stage consisted of 258 aggressive PCa patients and 442 controls, and the second stage added 384 aggressive PCa Patients and 463 controls. European-American and African-American samples were analyzed separately. In the first stage, SNPs were typed by Illumina Goldengate assay while in the second stage SNPs were typed by Pyrosequencing assays. Genotype frequencies between cases and controls were compared using logistical regression analysis with additive, dominant and recessive models. RESULTS Eleven variants within 10 genes (CCNC, CCND3, CCNG1, CCNT2, CDK6, MDM2, SKP2, WEE1, YWHAB, YWHAH) in the European-American population and nine variants in 7 genes (CCNG1, CDK2, CDK5, MDM2, RB1, SMAD3, TERF2) in the African-American population were found to be associated with aggressive PCa using at least one model. Of particular interest, CCNC (rs3380812) was associated with risk in European-American cohorts from both institutions. CDK2 (rs1045435) and CDK5 (rs2069459) were associated with risk in the African-American cohorts from both institutions. Lastly, variants within MDM2 and CCNG1 were protective for aggressive PCa in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that polymorphisms within cell cycle genes are associated with clinically aggressive PCa. Validation of these markers in additional populations is necessary, but these markers may help identify patients at risk for potentially lethal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleksandra Klim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William S Wu
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Departments of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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New Insights Into the Mechanism of COP9 Signalosome-Cullin-RING Ubiquitin-Ligase Pathway Deregulation in Urological Cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:181-229. [PMID: 26944622 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers are a very common type of cancer worldwide and have alarming high incidence and mortality rates, especially in kidney cancers, illustrate the urgent need for new therapeutic targets. Recent publications point to a deregulated COP9 signalosome (CSN)-cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase (CRL) pathway which is here considered and investigated as potential target in urological cancers with strong focus on renal cell carcinomas (RCC). The CSN forms supercomplexes with CRLs in order to preserve protein homeostasis and was found deregulated in several cancer types. Examination of selected CSN-CRL pathway components in RCC patient samples and four RCC cell lines revealed an interesting deregulated p27(Kip1)-Skp2-CAND1 axis and two p27(Kip1) point mutations in 786-O cells; p27(Kip1)V109G and p27(Kip1)I119T. The p27(Kip1) mutants were detected in patients with RCC and appear to be responsible for an accelerated growth rate in 786-O cells. The occurrence of p27(Kip1)V109G and p27(Kip1)I119T in RCC makes the CSN-CRL pathway an attractive therapeutic target.
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Lu Y, Gao K, Zhang M, Zhou A, Zhou X, Guan Z, Shi X, Ge S. Genetic Association Between CDKN1B rs2066827 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1217. [PMID: 26579796 PMCID: PMC4652805 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been directed to the association between cancer risk and rs2066827 polymorphism of the CDKN1B gene. However, the results are indefinitive and inconclusive. This study was devised to evaluate the hypothesis that rs2066827 polymorphism is associated with the risk of cancer.Computer-based databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and CNKI) were used to seek all case-control studies evaluating rs2066827 polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer. The genetic risk was assessed by calculating pooled odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Fixed-effects pooled ORs were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method (Ph > 0.05), and random-effects pooled ORs were estimated by the DerSimonian-Laird method (Ph < 0.05).Data on rs2066827 polymorphism and cancer risk were available for 9038 cancer cases and 11,596 controls participating in 17 studies. Carriage of a TG genotype was associated with a minor but significant decrease in the risk of cancer (pooled OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.99; model, TG vs. TT). We observed a moderately decreased risk of ovarian cancer based on 1829 cases and 2868 controls (pooled OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97; model, TG vs. TT). A slightly deceased risk of cancer was also indicated in Caucasians consisting of 6707 cases and 8279 controls (pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; model, TG vs. TT).These data suggest that carriage of a TG genotype at rs2066827 polymorphism may be associated with decreased susceptibility to cancer, ovarian cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Lu
- From the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (YL, AZ, ZG, XS); Department of Anorectal Surgery, Central Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China (KG); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (MZ); and Department of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (XZ, SG)
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Han QH, Shan ZJ, Hu JT, Zhang N, Zhang XP. Relationship between gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:569-73. [PMID: 26276290 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between genetic factor and prostate cancer (Pca) risk and the possible cause in it. METHODS The polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 family 17 (CYPl7) rs743572, p27 V109G and androgen receptor (AR) gene CAG repeat length in peripheral blood from 70 cases and 70 controls were detected through the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique or short tandem repeat-polymerase chain reaction technique. Then, according to the results of case-control study, the recombinant plasmids containing the wild/mutant p27 gene were constructed and transfected Pca LNcap cells. After 24 and 72 h of transfection, the cell proliferative activity was determined by MTT method, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression level of bcl-2, caspase-3 and p27 protein was determined by Western-blot. RESULTS In three target polymorphisms, only p27 V109G polymorphism was related to Pca risk (P = 0.030, OR = 0.202, 95% CI = 0.042-0.973). Pca risk of p27-109G allele was lower than -109V allele (P = 0.006, OR = 0.285, 95% CI = 0.110-0.737). Cells transfected with wild/mutant p27 gene both showed the higher cells apoptosis rate and the lower cell proliferative activity than mock cells (P < 0.05 or 0.01), the regulatory effect of mutant p27 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was stronger than the wild p27 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS p27-109G allele that could cause higher p27 protein expression than -109V allele in LNcap cells, maybe is the protective factor of Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-He Han
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Shan
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ting Hu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Pei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zheng M, Wan L, He X, Qi X, Liu F, Zhang DH. Effect of the CCND1 A870G polymorphism on prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 3,820 cases and 3,825 controls. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:55. [PMID: 25888980 PMCID: PMC4344796 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is critical in the transition of the cell cycle from the G1 to S phases, and unbalanced cell cycle regulation is a hallmark of carcinogenesis. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between the CCND1 A870G polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, these studies have yielded conflicting results. Methods In the present study, the possible association above was assessed by a meta-analysis. Eligible articles were identified for the period up to July 2014. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were appropriately derived from fixed effects or random effects models. Results A total of ten case-control studies, which included 3,820 cases and 3,825 controls, were identified. Overall, the allelic/genotypic association between the G870A polymorphism and prostate cancer was nonsignificant (OR = 1.045, 95% CI = 0.947 to 1.153 for A versus G, P = 0.380; OR = 1.088, 95% CI = 0.896 to 1.321 for AA versus GG, P = 0.393; OR = 1.044, 95% CI = 0.941 to 1.158 for GA versus GG, P = 0.414; OR = 1.053, 95% CI = 0.955 to 1.161 for the dominant model AA + GA versus GG, P = 0.303; OR = 1.072, 95% CI = 0.881 to 1.306 for the recessive model AA versus AA + GA, P = 0.486). Moreover, subgroup analyses according to ethnicity failed to demonstrate a significant association between this polymorphism and prostate cancer. In addition, we also performed a stratified analysis of cases with PCa metastasis, and the results supported the findings of no significant association between CCND1 A870G polymorphism and metastasis risk of PCa. Conclusions Our results suggest that the CCND1 A870G polymorphism might not be a potential candidate for predicting prostate cancer risk, including metastasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Lijun Wan
- Department of Urology, Quzhou People's Hospital, No. 2 Zhongloudi Street, Quzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Da-Hong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No.158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Yap KL, Kiyotani K, Tamura K, Antic T, Jang M, Montoya M, Campanile A, Yew PY, Ganshert C, Fujioka T, Steinberg GD, O'Donnell PH, Nakamura Y. Whole-exome sequencing of muscle-invasive bladder cancer identifies recurrent mutations of UNC5C and prognostic importance of DNA repair gene mutations on survival. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6605-17. [PMID: 25316812 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of suboptimal outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer even with multimodality therapy, determination of potential genetic drivers offers the possibility of improving therapeutic approaches and discovering novel prognostic indicators. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using pTN staging, we case-matched 81 patients with resected ≥pT2 bladder cancers for whom perioperative chemotherapy use and disease recurrence status were known. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted in 43 cases to identify recurrent somatic mutations and targeted sequencing of 10 genes selected from the initial screening in an additional 38 cases was completed. Mutational profiles along with clinicopathologic information were correlated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the patients. RESULTS We identified recurrent novel somatic mutations in the gene UNC5C (9.9%), in addition to TP53 (40.7%), KDM6A (21.0%), and TSC1 (12.3%). Patients who were carriers of somatic mutations in DNA repair genes (one or more of ATM, ERCC2, FANCD2, PALB2, BRCA1, or BRCA2) had a higher overall number of somatic mutations (P = 0.011). Importantly, after a median follow-up of 40.4 months, carriers of somatic mutations (n = 25) in any of these six DNA repair genes had significantly enhanced RFS compared with noncarriers [median, 32.4 vs. 14.8 months; hazard ratio of 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.98; P = 0.0435], after adjustment for pathologic pTN staging and independent of adjuvant chemotherapy usage. CONCLUSION Better prognostic outcomes of individuals carrying somatic mutations in DNA repair genes suggest these mutations as favorable prognostic events in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Additional mechanistic investigation into the previously undiscovered role of UNC5C in bladder cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lee Yap
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tatjana Antic
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Magdeline Montoya
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexa Campanile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cory Ganshert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomoaki Fujioka
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Gary D Steinberg
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter H O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Whole-exome sequencing identifies rare pathogenic variants in new predisposition genes for familial colorectal cancer. Genet Med 2014; 17:131-42. [PMID: 25058500 PMCID: PMC4318970 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is an important cause of mortality in the developed world. Hereditary forms are due to germ-line mutations in APC, MUTYH, and the mismatch repair genes, but many cases present familial aggregation but an unknown inherited cause. The hypothesis of rare high-penetrance mutations in new genes is a likely explanation for the underlying predisposition in some of these familial cases. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 43 patients with colorectal cancer from 29 families with strong disease aggregation without mutations in known hereditary colorectal cancer genes. Data analysis selected only very rare variants (0-0.1%), producing a putative loss of function and located in genes with a role compatible with cancer. Variants in genes previously involved in hereditary colorectal cancer or nearby previous colorectal cancer genome-wide association study hits were also chosen. RESULTS Twenty-eight final candidate variants were selected and validated by Sanger sequencing. Correct family segregation and somatic studies were used to categorize the most interesting variants in CDKN1B, XRCC4, EPHX1, NFKBIZ, SMARCA4, and BARD1. CONCLUSION We identified new potential colorectal cancer predisposition variants in genes that have a role in cancer predisposition and are involved in DNA repair and the cell cycle, which supports their putative involvement in germ-line predisposition to this neoplasm.
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Murali A, Nalinakumari KR, Thomas S, Kannan S. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cell cycle regulatory genes with oral cancer susceptibility. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:652-8. [PMID: 24947332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the regulation of the cell cycle are strongly linked to tumorigenesis, so genetic variants in genes critical to control of the cycle are good candidates to have their association with susceptibility to oral cancer assessed. In this hospital-based, case-control study of 445 patients who had been newly-diagnosed with oral cancer and 449 unaffected controls, we used a multigenic approach to examine the associations among a panel of 10 selected polymorphisms in the pathway of the cell cycle that were possibly susceptible to oral cancer. Six of 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cell cycle showed significant risks for oral cancer, the highest risk being evident for p27 (rs34329; Odds ratio 3.05, 95% CI 2.12 to 4.40). A significant risk of oral cancer was also evident for individual polymorphisms of cyclin E (rs1406), cyclin H (rs3093816), cyclin D1-1 (rs647451), cyclin D2 (rs3217901) and Rb1-2 (rs3092904). The risk of oral cancer increased significantly as the number of unfavourable genotypes in the pathway increased, and so the results point to a stronger combined effect of polymorphisms in important cell cycle regulatory genes on predisposition to oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abitha Murali
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation & Molecular Oncology, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India
| | - K R Nalinakumari
- Division of Dental Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India
| | - Shaji Thomas
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India
| | - S Kannan
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation & Molecular Oncology, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 011, Kerala, India.
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Rui Y, Wang Y, Li J, Rong L, Wang M, Tong N, Zhang Z, Chen J, Fang Y. Association between the polymorphism rs3217927 of CCND2 and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95059. [PMID: 24743557 PMCID: PMC3990598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CyclinD proteins, the ultimate recipients of mitogenic and oncogenic signals, play a crucial role in cell-cycle regulation. CyclinD2, one of the cyclinD family, is overexpressed in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and involved in the pathogenesis of leukemias. Recent reports indicated that CCND2 polymorphisms are associated with human cancer risk, thusly we hypothesized that CCND2 gene polymorphisms may contribute to childhood ALL susceptibility. We selected the polymorphism rs3217927 located in the 3'UTR region of CCND2 to assess its associations with childhood ALL risk in a case-control study. A significant difference was found in the genotype distributions of rs3217927 polymorphism between cases and controls (P = 0.019) and homozygous GG genotype may be an increased risk factor for childhood ALL (adjusted OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.14 -2.99). Furthermore, this increased risk was more pronounced with GG genotype among high-risk ALL (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.04-3.67), low-risk ALL (adjusted OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.13-3.87), B-phenotype ALL patients (adjusted OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.08-2.95) and T-phenotype ALL patients (adjusted OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.16-7.13). Our results provide evidence that CCND2 polymorphism rs3217927 may be involved in the etiology of childhood ALL, and the GG genotype of rs3217927 may modulate the genetic susceptibility to childhood ALL in the Chinese population. Further functional studies and investigations in larger populations should be conducted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Rui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soochow Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liuchen Rong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, Cancer Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, Cancer Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, Cancer Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YF); (JC)
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YF); (JC)
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High-throughput screening reveals alsterpaullone, 2-cyanoethyl as a potent p27Kip1 transcriptional inhibitor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91173. [PMID: 24646893 PMCID: PMC3960108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p27Kip1 is a cell cycle inhibitor that prevents cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)/cyclin complexes from phosphorylating their targets. p27Kip1 is a known tumor suppressor, as the germline loss of p27Kip1 results in sporadic pituitary formation in aged rodents, and its presence in human cancers is indicative of a poor prognosis. In addition to its role in cancer, loss of p27Kip1 results in regenerative phenotypes in some tissues and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, suggesting that p27Kip1 inhibitors could be beneficial for tissue regeneration. Because p27Kip1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, identifying direct inhibitors of the p27Kip1 protein is difficult. Therefore, we pursued a high-throughput screening strategy to identify novel p27Kip1 transcriptional inhibitors. We utilized a luciferase reporter plasmid driven by the p27Kip1 promoter to transiently transfect HeLa cells and used cyclohexamide as a positive control for non-specific inhibition. We screened a “bioactive” library consisting of 8,904 (4,359 unique) compounds, of which 830 are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. From this screen, we successfully identified 111 primary hits with inhibitory effect against the promoter of p27Kip1. These hits were further refined using a battery of secondary screens. Here we report four novel p27Kip1 transcriptional inhibitors, and further demonstrate that our most potent hit compound (IC50 = 200 nM) Alsterpaullone 2-cyanoethyl, inhibits p27Kip1 transcription by preventing FoxO3a from binding to the p27Kip1 promoter. This screen represents one of the first attempts to identify inhibitors of p27Kip1 and may prove useful for future tissue regeneration studies.
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Lee M, Pellegata NS. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes associated with mutation of p27. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:781-7. [PMID: 23800691 DOI: 10.3275/9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) are autosomal dominant disorders characterized by the occurrence of tumors in at least two endocrine glands. Until recently, two MEN syndromes were known, i.e. the MEN type 1 (MEN1) and type 2 (MEN2), which are caused by germline mutations in the MEN1 and RET genes, respectively. These two syndromes are characterized by a different tumor spectrum. A few years ago we described a variant of the MEN syndromes, which spontaneously developed in a rat colony and was named MENX. Affected animals consistently develop multiple endocrine tumors, with a spectrum that shares features with both MEN1 and MEN2 human syndromes. Genetic studies identified a germline mutation in the Cdkn1b gene, encoding the p27 cell cycle inhibitor, as the causative mutation for MENX. Capitalizing on these findings, germline mutations in the human homologue, CDKN1B, were searched for and identified in patients with multiple endocrine tumors. As a consequence of this discovery, a novel human MEN syndrome, named MEN4, was recognized, which is caused by heterozygous mutations in p27. These studies identified Cdkn1b/CDKN1B as a novel tumor susceptibility gene for multiple endocrine tumors in both rats and humans. Here we review the characteristics of the MENX and MEN4 syndromes and we briefly address the main function of p27 and how it is affected by MENX- or MEN4-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Grey W, Izatt L, Sahraoui W, Ng YM, Ogilvie C, Hulse A, Tse E, Holic R, Yu V. Deficiency of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1B, results in overgrowth and neurodevelopmental delay. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:864-8. [PMID: 23505216 PMCID: PMC3708111 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1B, have been described in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), a cancer predisposition syndrome with adult onset neoplasia and no additional phenotypes. Here, we describe the first human case of CDKN1B deficiency, which recapitulates features of the murine CDKN1B knockout mouse model, including gigantism and neurodevelopmental defects. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of CDKN1B were confirmed in the proband's peripheral blood, which is not seen in MEN syndrome patients. We ascribed the decreased protein level to a maternally derived deletion on chromosome 12p13 encompassing the CDKN1B locus (which reduced mRNA expression) and a de novo allelic variant (c.-73G>A) in the CDKN1B promoter (which reduced protein translation). We propose a recessive model where decreased dosage of CDKN1B during development in humans results in a neuronal phenotype akin to that described in mice, placing CDKN1B as a candidate gene involved in developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grey
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
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Liu F, Wei YG, Luo LM, Wang WT, Yan LN, Wen TF, Xu MQ, Yang JY, Li B. Genetic variants of p21 and p27 and hepatocellular cancer risk in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2056-64. [PMID: 23034899 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The p21 (Cip1/CDKN1A) and p27 (Kip1/CDKN1B) are members of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which can arrest cell proliferation and serve as tumour suppressors. We hypothesized that genetic variants in p21 and p27 may modify individual susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the associations of the polymorphisms of Ser31Arg and C+20T in p21 and C-79T and Gly109Val in p27, as well as their combinations, with HCC risk in a case-control study of 476 HCC cases and 526 cancer-free controls in a Chinese population. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry method was performed to detect these polymorphisms. We found that the variant genotypes of p21 Ser31Arg and p27 C-79T were individually associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC, but no associations were observed for other variant genotypes. Moreover, the combined variant genotypes of the four loci were associated with a significantly increased HCC risk (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.91 among subjects carrying 3 or more variant alleles), especially among HbsAg-positive individuals (adjusted OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.86, 5.14). Furthermore, the combined variant genotypes of the four loci (carrying three or more variant alleles) increased a 1.93-fold (95% CI = 1.20, 3.09) and 1.76-fold (95% CI = 1.17, 2.64) risk of HCC among smokers and nonsmokers. The variant genotypes of the two genes in this study have negative correlation with the clinicopathologicals observed. These results suggest that p21 polymorphisms individually or in combination with p27 polymorphisms increases risk of HCC, particularly among HbsAg-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of liver and vascular surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Tichomirowa MA, Lee M, Barlier A, Daly AF, Marinoni I, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Naves LA, Rodien P, Rohmer V, Faucz FR, Caron P, Estour B, Lecomte P, Borson-Chazot F, Penfornis A, Yaneva M, Guitelman M, Castermans E, Verhaege C, Wémeau JL, Tabarin A, Fajardo Montañana C, Delemer B, Kerlan V, Sadoul JL, Cortet Rudelli C, Archambeaud F, Zacharieva S, Theodoropoulou M, Brue T, Enjalbert A, Bours V, Pellegata NS, Beckers A. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) gene variants in AIP mutation-negative familial isolated pituitary adenoma kindreds. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:233-41. [PMID: 22291433 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) occurs in families and is unrelated to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex. Mutations in AIP account only for 15-25% of FIPA families. CDKN1B mutations cause MEN4 in which affected patients can suffer from pituitary adenomas. With this study, we wanted to assess whether mutations in CDKN1B occur among a large cohort of AIP mutation-negative FIPA kindreds. Eighty-eight AIP mutation-negative FIPA families were studied and 124 affected subjects underwent sequencing of CDKN1B. Functional analysis of putative CDKN1B mutations was performed using in silico and in vitro approaches. Germline CDKN1B analysis revealed two nucleotide changes: c.286A>C (p.K96Q) and c.356T>C (p.I119T). In vitro, the K96Q change decreased p27 affinity for Grb2 but did not segregate with pituitary adenoma in the FIPA kindred. The I119T substitution occurred in a female patient with acromegaly. p27(I119T) shows an abnormal migration pattern by SDS-PAGE. Three variants (p.S56T, p.T142T, and c.605+36C>T) are likely nonpathogenic because In vitro effects were not seen. In conclusion, two patients had germline sequence changes in CDKN1B, which led to functional alterations in the encoded p27 proteins in vitro. Such rare CDKN1B variants may contribute to the development of pituitary adenomas, but their low incidence and lack of clear segregation with affected patients make CDKN1B sequencing unlikely to be of use in routine genetic investigation of FIPA kindreds. However, further characterization of the role of CDKN1B in pituitary tumorigenesis in these and other cases could help clarify the clinicopathological profile of MEN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tichomirowa
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Schiewer MJ, Augello MA, Knudsen KE. The AR dependent cell cycle: mechanisms and cancer relevance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 352:34-45. [PMID: 21782001 PMCID: PMC3641823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells are exquisitely dependent on androgen receptor (AR) activity for proliferation and survival. As these functions are critical targets of therapeutic intervention for human disease, it is imperative to delineate the mechanisms by which AR engages the cell cycle engine. More than a decade of research has revealed that elegant intercommunication between AR and the cell cycle machinery governs receptor-dependent cellular proliferation, and that perturbations in this process occur frequently in human disease. Here, AR-cell cycle interplay and associated cancer relevance will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Schiewer
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A. Augello
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen E. Knudsen
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Corresponding author at: Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th St., BLSB 1008, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Tel.: +1 215 503 8574 (office)/+1 215 503 8573 (lab). (K.E. Knudsen)
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Cai H, Xiang YB, Qu S, Long J, Cai Q, Gao J, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of genetic polymorphisms in cell-cycle control genes and susceptibility to endometrial cancer among Chinese women. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1263-71. [PMID: 21454826 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genetic variations in cell-cycle control genes have been previously linked to cancer risk, no study has specifically evaluated the role of these gene variants in endometrial carcinogenesis. Using data from the Shanghai Endometrial Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study with 1,199 cases and 1,212 age-matched controls (1997-2003), the authors carried out a systematic evaluation of the association of cell-cycle control genes with endometrial cancer risk. Sixty-five tagging or potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CCNB1, CCND1, CCNE1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and CDKN2A genes were genotyped and evaluated. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CDKN1B gene (rs11055027, rs3759216, and rs34330) were related to endometrial cancer risk, although only the association with rs34330 remained statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The odds ratios for rs34330 were 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.66) and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.94) for the CT and TT genotypes, respectively, compared with the CC genotype. In vitro luciferase reporter assays showed that the minor allele (A) in rs3759216, which was associated with decreased endometrial cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94) without adjustment for multiple comparisons, significantly increased promoter activity. These findings suggest that polymorphisms of the CDKN1B gene may play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA.
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Association study of selected genetic polymorphisms and occurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with thalidomide. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2011; 11:414-20. [PMID: 21859556 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE), with the subsequent risk of pulmonary embolism, is a common adverse effect of thalidomide treatment in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In our retrospective study, we analyzed candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), CINP (rs7011), CETP (rs289747), ALDH1A1 (rs610529), CDKN1A (rs3829963), GAN (rs2608555), vascular endothelial growth factor (rs699947), and ALDH1A1 (rs168351), previously identified in a large association study based on the hypothesis-driven candidate gene approach nominated by the International Myeloma Foundation "Bank On A Cure" (3404 SNPs). In that study, the researchers built a classification tree that enables prediction of individual risk of VTE in patients with MM. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genotypes of these SNPs were determined in an independent cohort of 111 patients with MM through TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allelic discrimination and were used for prediction of individual VTE risk. RESULTS The results of this study did not confirm the ability of this classification tree to predict VTE risk in patients with MM from the Czech Republic; of these patients, 21 (19%) developed high-grade VTE. However, in patients with VTE, we found higher frequency of the AC genotype in the CDKN1A gene (42.9% vs. 16.7%; odds ratio 3.64) in comparison with the CC genotype (P = .015). SNPs of other genes as well as age and sex of the patients had no statistically significant influence on the risk of VTE. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to confirm the initial analysis that provided predictive information of genetic variations in patients with myeloma that may influence risk of VTE.
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Gonzalez-Vasconcellos I, Domke T, Kuosaite V, Esposito I, Sanli-Bonazzi B, Nathrath M, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Differential effects of genes of the Rb1 signalling pathway on osteosarcoma incidence and latency in alpha-particle irradiated mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2011; 50:135-141. [PMID: 21063720 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent secondary malignancy following radiotherapy of patients with bilateral retinoblastoma. This suggests that the Rb1 tumour suppressor gene might confer genetic susceptibility towards radiation-induced osteosarcoma. To define the contribution of the Rb1 pathway in the multistep process of radiation carcinogenesis, we evaluated somatic allelic changes affecting the Rb1 gene itself as well as its upstream regulator p16 in murine osteosarcoma induced by (227)Th incorporation. To distinguish between the contribution of germline predisposition and the effect of a 2-hit allelic loss, two mouse models harbouring heterozygote germline Rb1 and p16 defects were tested for the incidence and latency of osteosarcoma following irradiation. We could show that all tumours arising in BALB/c×CBA/CA hybrid mice (wild-type for Rb1 and for p16) carried a somatic allelic loss of either the Rb1 gene (76.5%) or the p16 gene (59%). In none of the tumours, we found concordant retention of heterozygosity at both loci. Heterozygote knock-out mice for Rb1 exhibit a significant increase in the incidence of osteosarcoma following (227)Th incorporation (11/24 [corrected] in Rb1+/- vs. 2/18 in Rb1+/+, p=4×10(-5)), without affecting tumour latency. In contrast, heterozygote knock-out mice for p16 had no significant change in tumour incidence, but a pronounced reduction of latency (LT(50%) =355 days in p16+/- vs. 445 days in p16+/+, p=8×10(-3)). These data suggest that Rb1 germline defects influence early steps of radiation osteosarcomagenesis, whereas alterations in p16 mainly affect later stages of tumour promotion and growth.
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Jaffrain-Rea ML, Daly AF, Angelini M, Petrossians P, Bours V, Beckers A. Genetic susceptibility in pituitary adenomas: from pathogenesis to clinical implications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2011; 6:195-214. [PMID: 30290451 DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas usually present sporadically, with a multifactorial pathogenesis including somatic mutational events in cancer-related genes. Genetic predisposition implies the presence of germline DNA alterations with a range of impacts on pituitary cell biology, translating into a variable penetrance of the disease. Genetic causes must be considered in the presence of specific clinical settings, such as familial occurrence of pituitary adenoma, with or without extrapituitary diseases, and may also be suspected in young patients (<30 years of age) with macroadenomas. We review the clinical implications of genetic predisposition, with special attention on multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex and familial isolated pituitary adenoma. Genetic screening in selected patients with an apparently sporadic disease is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lise Jaffrain-Rea
- a University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- b Neuromed Institute, via Atinense, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- c Fondazione 'Carlo Ferri' per la prevenzione e la diagnosi precoce dei tumori, via Edmondo Riva, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Adrian F Daly
- d University of Liège, CHU of Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Petrossians
- d University of Liège, CHU of Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- d University of Liège, CHU of Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Albert Beckers
- d University of Liège, CHU of Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- e
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Yano K. Gene expression correlation analysis predicts involvement of high- and low-confidence risk genes in different stages of prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate 2010; 70:1746-59. [PMID: 20564324 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole genome association studies have identified many loci associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PC). However, very few of the genes associated with these loci have been related to specific processes of prostate carcinogenesis. Therefore I inferred biological functions associated with these risk genes using gene expression correlation analysis. METHODS PC risk genes reported in the literature were classified as having high (P<10(-6)), medium (P<10(-4)), or low (P<10(-2)) statistical confidence. Correlation coefficients of the expression levels between the risk genes and other genes in cancerous prostates samples were compared against those in normal prostates using a microarray dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. RESULTS Overall, significant decrease of correlations in PC was observed between the levels of expression of the high-confidence genes and other genes in the microarray dataset, whereas correlation between low-confidence genes and other genes in PC showed smaller decrease. Genes involved in developmental processes were significantly correlated with all risk gene categories. Ectoderm development genes, which may be related to squamous metaplasia, and genes enriched in fetal prostate stem cells (PSCs) showed strong association with the high-confidence genes. The association between the PSC genes and the low-confidence genes was weak, but genes related to neural system genes showed strong association with low-confidence genes. CONCLUSIONS The high-confidence risk genes may be associated with an early stage of prostate carcinogenesis, possibly involving PSCs and squamous metaplasia. The low-confidence genes may be involved in a later stage of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Yano
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chen X, Yan GY, Liao XP. A Novel Candidate Disease Genes Prioritization Method Based on Module Partition and Rank Fusion. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 14:337-56. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2009.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ying Yan
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Grochola LF, Zeron-Medina J, Mériaux S, Bond GL. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 signaling pathway. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a001032. [PMID: 20452958 PMCID: PMC2857176 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is central both in reducing cancer frequency in vertebrates and in mediating the response of commonly used cancer therapies. This article aims to summarize and discuss a large body of evidence suggesting that the p53 pathway harbors functional inherited single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect p53 signaling in cells, resulting in differences in cancer risk and clinical outcome in humans. The insights gained through these studies into how the functional p53 pathway SNPs could help in the tailoring of cancer therapies to the individual are discussed. Moreover, recent work is discussed that suggests that many more functional p53 pathway SNPs are yet to be fully characterized and that a thorough analysis of the functional human genetics of this important tumor suppressor pathway is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz F Grochola
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES p21 (WAF1/Cip1/CDKN1A) and p27 (Kip1/CDKN1B) are members of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which can induce cell cycle arrest and serve as tumor suppressors. We hypothesized that genetic variants in p21 and p27 may modify individual susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the associations of the Ser31Arg polymorphism in p21 and the Gly109Val polymorphism in p27, and their combinations, with pancreatic cancer risk in a case-control study of 509 pathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients and 462 age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls in non-Hispanic whites. RESULTS We found that the heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes combined in a dominant model of the p21 polymorphism were associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the homozygous wild type (adjusted odds ratio [ORadjusted], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.55). This increased risk was more pronounced in carriers with the p27 homozygous wild type (ORadjusted, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.32-3.68) and in nonsmokers (ORadjusted, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.14-4.10), although the p27 polymorphism alone was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the p21 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to pancreatic cancer, particularly among p27 homozygous wild-type carriers and nonsmokers.
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Dianat SS, Margreiter M, Eckersberger E, Finkelstein J, Kuehas F, Herwig R, Ayati M, Lepor H, Djavan B. Gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer: the evidence. BJU Int 2009; 104:1560-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Nicolini C. Nanogenomics in medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 2:59-76. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Chowbina SR, Wu X, Zhang F, Li PM, Pandey R, Kasamsetty HN, Chen JY. HPD: an online integrated human pathway database enabling systems biology studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2009; 10 Suppl 11:S5. [PMID: 19811689 PMCID: PMC3226194 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-s11-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathway-oriented experimental and computational studies have led to a significant accumulation of biological knowledge concerning three major types of biological pathway events: molecular signaling events, gene regulation events, and metabolic reaction events. A pathway consists of a series of molecular pathway events that link molecular entities such as proteins, genes, and metabolites. There are approximately 300 biological pathway resources as of April 2009 according to the Pathguide database; however, these pathway databases generally have poor coverage or poor quality, and are difficult to integrate, due to syntactic-level and semantic-level data incompatibilities. Results We developed the Human Pathway Database (HPD) by integrating heterogeneous human pathway data that are either curated at the NCI Pathway Interaction Database (PID), Reactome, BioCarta, KEGG or indexed from the Protein Lounge Web sites. Integration of pathway data at syntactic, semantic, and schematic levels was based on a unified pathway data model and data warehousing-based integration techniques. HPD provides a comprehensive online view that connects human proteins, genes, RNA transcripts, enzymes, signaling events, metabolic reaction events, and gene regulatory events. At the time of this writing HPD includes 999 human pathways and more than 59,341 human molecular entities. The HPD software provides both a user-friendly Web interface for online use and a robust relational database backend for advanced pathway querying. This pathway tool enables users to 1) search for human pathways from different resources by simply entering genes/proteins involved in pathways or words appearing in pathway names, 2) analyze pathway-protein association, 3) study pathway-pathway similarity, and 4) build integrated pathway networks. We demonstrated the usage and characteristics of the new HPD through three breast cancer case studies. Conclusion HPD http://bio.informatics.iupui.edu/HPD is a new resource for searching, managing, and studying human biological pathways. Users of HPD can search against large collections of human biological pathways, compare related pathways and their molecular entity compositions, and build high-quality, expanded-scope disease pathway models. The current HPD software can help users address a wide range of pathway-related questions in human disease biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir R Chowbina
- Indiana University School of Informatics, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Goode EL, Fridley BL, Vierkant RA, Cunningham JM, Phelan CM, Anderson S, Rider DN, White KL, Pankratz VS, Song H, Hogdall E, Kjaer SK, Whittemore AS, DiCioccio R, Ramus SJ, Gayther SA, Schildkraut JM, Pharaoh PPD, Sellers TA. Candidate gene analysis using imputed genotypes: cell cycle single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:935-44. [PMID: 19258477 PMCID: PMC2743184 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes critical to cell cycle control are outstanding candidates for association with ovarian cancer risk; numerous genes have been interrogated by multiple research groups using differing tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sets. To maximize information gleaned from existing genotype data, we conducted a combined analysis of five independent studies of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Up to 2,120 cases and 3,382 controls were genotyped in the course of two collaborations at a variety of SNPs in 11 cell cycle genes (CDKN2C, CDKN1A, CCND3, CCND1, CCND2, CDKN1B, CDK2, CDK4, RB1, CDKN2D, and CCNE1) and one gene region (CDKN2A-CDKN2B). Because of the semi-overlapping nature of the 123 assayed tagging SNPs, we performed multiple imputation based on fastPHASE using data from White non-Hispanic study participants and participants in the international HapMap Consortium and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences SNPs Program. Logistic regression assuming a log-additive model was done on combined and imputed data. We observed strengthened signals in imputation-based analyses at several SNPs, particularly CDKN2A-CDKN2B rs3731239; CCND1 rs602652, rs3212879, rs649392, and rs3212891; CDK2 rs2069391, rs2069414, and rs17528736; and CCNE1 rs3218036. These results exemplify the utility of imputation in candidate gene studies and lend evidence to a role of cell cycle genes in ovarian cancer etiology, suggest a reduced set of SNPs to target in additional cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Chen J, Li D, Killary AM, Sen S, Amos CI, Evans DB, Abbruzzese JL, Frazier ML. Polymorphisms of p16, p27, p73, and MDM2 modulate response and survival of pancreatic cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 16:431-9. [PMID: 19020940 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms play an important role in clinical response to cytotoxic therapies. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in cell cycle genes may modulate response to preoperative chemoradiation and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We evaluated 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ten cell cycle genes in 88 patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head who were treated with neoadjuvant concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy. Response was assessed by computerized tomography obtained before and 4-6 weeks after preoperative treatment. Time to tumor progression and survival after treatment were measured. Patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) if no disease progression was found at restaging after preoperative therapy. MDM2 T309G and p16 C580T genotype distributions were significantly different in the patients who underwent PD and those who did not (P = 0.025 for MDM2; P = 0.016 for p16). The MDM2 and p27 genotypes had a significant effect on survival times after treatment (log-rank test, P = 0.010 and P = 0.050, respectively). A strong joint effect of these two genes was observed (log-rank test, P = 0.010). The p73 and p16 polymorphic genotypes were significantly associated with shorter time to tumor progression (log-rank test, P = 0.021 and P = 0.039, respectively). A gene-dosage effect on time to tumor progression was observed for polymorphisms in the p73, p16, and MDM2 genes. The hazard ratios for patients with one, two, or three adverse genotypes were 2.13 (1.04-4.36), 3.18 (1.37-7.39), and 10.09 (3.17-32.05), respectively. These findings suggest these polymorphisms in the cell cycle genes are promising prognostic markers for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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Chen J, Killary AM, Sen S, Amos CI, Evans DB, Abbruzzese JL, Frazier ML. Polymorphisms of p21 and p27 jointly contribute to an earlier age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 272:32-9. [PMID: 18694622 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
p21 and p27, members of the kinase inhibitor protein (KIP) family, bind to cyclin-CDK complexes to inhibit their catalytic activity and induce cell cycle arrest. The purpose of our study was to identify whether the p21 (C-to-A), and p27 (T-to-G) polymorphisms were associated with age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, either independently or jointly. Two hundred and five patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were genotyped for the p21 and p27 polymorphisms. We found patients with the p21 variant genotype (CA/AA) had an earlier age at diagnosis than those with the wild-type genotype (CC) (log-rank, P=0.001; HR=1.89; 95%CI, 1.28-2.78). The p21 and p27 polymorphisms combined had a joint effect on age-associated risk for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (log-rank, P=0.004; HR=2.91; 95%CI, 1.49-5.67). Our findings suggest that the p21 polymorphism independently and p21 and p27 polymorphisms jointly contribute to a significantly earlier age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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