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Pacheco RI, Cristo MI, Anjo SI, Silva AF, Sousa MI, Tavares RS, Sousa AP, Almeida Santos T, Moura-Ramos M, Caramelo F, Manadas B, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral SG. New Insights on Sperm Function in Male Infertility of Unknown Origin: A Multimodal Approach. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1462. [PMID: 37892144 PMCID: PMC10605211 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global trend of rising (male) infertility is concerning, and the unidentifiable causes in half of the cases, the so-called unknown origin male infertility (UOMI), demands a better understanding and assessment of both external/internal factors and mechanisms potentially involved. In this work, it was our aim to obtain new insight on UOMI, specifically on idiopathic (ID) and Unexplained male infertility (UMI), relying on a detailed evaluation of the male gamete, including functional, metabolic and proteomic aspects. For this purpose, 1114 semen samples, from males in couples seeking infertility treatment, were collected at the Reproductive Medicine Unit from the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), from July 2018-July 2022. Based on the couples' clinical data, seminal/hormonal analysis, and strict eligibility criteria, samples were categorized in 3 groups, control (CTRL), ID and UMI. Lifestyle factors and anxiety/depression symptoms were assessed via survey. Sperm samples were evaluated functionally, mitochondrially and using proteomics. The results of Assisted Reproduction Techniques were assessed whenever available. According to our results, ID patients presented the worst sperm functional profile, while UMI patients were similar to controls. The proteomic analysis revealed 145 differentially expressed proteins, 8 of which were specifically altered in ID and UMI samples. Acrosin (ACRO) and sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4 (SACA4) were downregulated in ID patients while laminin subunit beta-2 (LAMB2), mannose 6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase liver type (PFKAL), STAR domain-containing protein 10 (STA10), serotransferrin (TRFE) and exportin-2 (XPO2) were downregulated in UMI patients. Using random forest analysis, SACA4 and LAMB2 were identified as the sperm proteins with a higher chance of distinguishing ID and UMI patients, and their function and expression variation were in accordance with the functional results. No alterations were observed in terms of lifestyle and psychological factors among the 3 groups. These findings obtained in an experimental setting based on 3 well-defined groups of subjects, might help to validate new biomarkers for unknown origin male infertility (ID and UMI) that, in the future, can be used to improve diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I. Pacheco
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I. Cristo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia F. Silva
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Sousa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata S. Tavares
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Sousa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Almeida Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moura-Ramos
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Eugin Coimbra, Rua Filipe Hodart 12, 3000-185 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gomes Amaral
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Asif K, Memeo L, Palazzolo S, Frión-Herrera Y, Parisi S, Caligiuri I, Canzonieri V, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. STARD3: A Prospective Target for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4693. [PMID: 34572920 PMCID: PMC8472075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in developed countries and current therapies are based on surgery, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiation. To overcome side effects induced by chemo- and radiotherapy, in recent decades, targeted therapies have been proposed in second and even first lines. Targeted drugs act on the essential pathways involved in tumor induction, progression, and metastasis, basically all the hallmark of cancers. Among emerging pathways, the cholesterol metabolic pathway is a strong candidate for this purpose. Cancer cells have an accelerated metabolic rate and require a continuous supply of cholesterol for cell division and membrane renewal. Steroidogenic acute regulatory related lipid transfer (START) proteins are a family of proteins involved in the transfer of lipids and some of them are important in non-vesicular cholesterol transportation within the cell. The alteration of their expression levels is implicated in several diseases, including cancers. In this review, we report the latest discoveries on StAR-related lipid transfer protein domain 3 (STARD3), a member of the START family, which has a potential role in cancer, focusing on the structural and biochemical characteristics and mechanisms that regulate its activity. The role of the STARD3 protein as a molecular target for the development of cancer therapies is also discussed. As STARD3 is a key protein in the cholesterol movement in cancer cells, it is of interest to identify inhibitors able to block its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, PhD School in Science and Technology of Bio and Nanomaterials, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy;
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Yahima Frión-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy; or
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy; or
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3
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Xiang R, Ma L, Yang M, Zheng Z, Chen X, Jia F, Xie F, Zhou Y, Li F, Wu K, Zhu Y. Increased expression of peptides from non-coding genes in cancer proteomics datasets suggests potential tumor neoantigens. Commun Biol 2021; 4:496. [PMID: 33888849 PMCID: PMC8062694 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen-based immunotherapy has yielded promising results in clinical trials. However, it is limited to tumor-specific mutations, and is often tailored to individual patients. Identifying suitable tumor-specific antigens is still a major challenge. Previous proteogenomics studies have identified peptides encoded by predicted non-coding sequences in human genome. To investigate whether tumors express specific peptides encoded by non-coding genes, we analyzed published proteomics data from five cancer types including 933 tumor samples and 275 matched normal samples and compared these to data from 31 different healthy human tissues. Our results reveal that many predicted non-coding genes such as DGCR9 and RHOXF1P3 encode peptides that are overexpressed in tumors compared to normal controls. Furthermore, from the non-coding genes-encoded peptides specifically detected in cancers, we predict a large number of “dark antigens” (neoantigens from non-coding genomic regions), which may provide an alternative source of neoantigens beyond standard tumor specific mutations. Rong Xiang et al. analyze the expression of non-coding genes encoded peptides in publicly-available proteomics data from five cancer types and matched controls. They identify peptides from non-coding genes including DGCR9 and RHOXF1P3 that are upregulated in tumors compared to controls, suggesting that non-coding gene-encoded peptides may be a source of neoantigens in some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leyao Ma
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiming Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yafeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Chobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy BI, Zaman S, Hsiang M, Blanck G. Chemical features of blood-borne TRG CDR3s associated with an increased overall survival in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:591-600. [PMID: 33180235 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunogenomics and earlier, pioneering studies, particularly by Whiteside and colleagues, have indicated a positive role for B-cells in breast cancer, as well as a positive role for gamma-delta T-cells. However, these studies have been completely limited to assessing breast cancer tumor tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Our analyses here has shown that blood-borne T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) chain sequences were associated with greater overall survival, of particular note due to the comparative longevity of primary breast cancer patients, whereby assessments of disease-free, but rarely overall survival parameters are possible. Additional immunogenomics approaches narrowed the overall survival correlations to specific, TRG complementarity determining region-3, amino acid (AA) sequence chemical features, independently of many common, confounding variables in the breast cancer setting, such as estrogen or progesterone receptor status. CONCLUSIONS These results are discussed in the context of patient age and with regard to potential antigenic targets, based on the chemistry of the TRG CDR3 AA sequences associated with the higher survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South, Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South, Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Saif Zaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South, Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Monica Hsiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South, Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South, Florida, Tampa, USA. .,Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Bd. MDC7, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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5
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Noratto G, Layosa MA, Lage NN, Atienza L, Ivanov I, Mertens-Talcott SU, Chew BP. Antitumor potential of dark sweet cherry sweet (Prunus avium) phenolics in suppressing xenograft tumor growth of MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108437. [PMID: 32615370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated in vivo the antitumor activity of dark sweet cherry (DSC) whole extracted phenolics (WE) and fractions enriched in anthocyanins (ACN) or proanthocyanidins (PCA) in athymic mice xenografted with MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. Mice were gavaged with WE, ACN or PCA extracts (150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 36 days. Results showed that tumor growth was suppressed at similar levels by WE, ACN and PCA compared to control group (C) without signs of toxicity or significant changes in mRNA oncogenic biomarkers in tumors or mRNA invasive biomarker in distant organs. Tumor protein analyses showed that WE, ACN and PCA induced at similar levels the stress-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, known to be linked to apoptosis induction. However, ACN showed enhanced antitumor activity through down-regulation of total oncogenic and stress-related Akt, STAT3, p38, JNK and NF-kB proteins. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67 revealed inhibition of tumor cell proliferation with potency WE ≥ ACN ≥ PCA. Differential quantitative proteomic high-resolution nano-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry analysis of tumors from ACN and C groups revealed the identity of 66 proteins associated with poor breast cancer prognosis that were expressed only in C group (61 proteins) or differentially up-regulated (P<.05) in C group (5 proteins). These findings revealed ACN-targeted proteins associated to tumor growth and invasion and the potential of DSC ACN for breast cancer treatment. Results lead to a follow-up study with highly immunodeficient mice/invasive cell line subtype and advanced tumor development to validate the anti-invasive activity of DSC anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Marjorie A Layosa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Nara N Lage
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liezl Atienza
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Boon P Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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6
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Clark BJ. The START-domain proteins in intracellular lipid transport and beyond. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110704. [PMID: 31927098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein-related Lipid Transfer (START) domain is a ~210 amino acid sequence that folds into an α/β helix-grip structure forming a hydrophobic pocket for lipid binding. The helix-grip fold structure defines a large superfamily of proteins, and this review focuses on the mammalian START domain family members that include single START domain proteins with identified ligands, and larger multi-domain proteins that may have novel roles in metabolism. Much of our understanding of the mammalian START domain proteins in lipid transport and changes in metabolism has advanced through studies using knockout mouse models, although for some of these proteins the identity and/or physiological role of ligand binding remains unknown. The findings that helped define START domain lipid-binding specificity, lipid transport, and changes in metabolism are presented to highlight that fundamental questions remain regarding the biological function(s) for START domain-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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7
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Peretti D, Kim S, Tufi R, Lev S. Lipid Transfer Proteins and Membrane Contact Sites in Human Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:371. [PMID: 32039198 PMCID: PMC6989408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) were initially discovered as cytosolic factors that facilitate lipid transport between membrane bilayers in vitro. Since then, many LTPs have been isolated from bacteria, plants, yeast, and mammals, and extensively studied in cell-free systems and intact cells. A major advance in the LTP field was associated with the discovery of intracellular membrane contact sites (MCSs), small cytosolic gaps between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cellular membranes, which accelerate lipid transfer by LTPs. As LTPs modulate the distribution of lipids within cellular membranes, and many lipid species function as second messengers in key signaling pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and migration, LTPs have been implicated in cancer-associated signal transduction cascades. Increasing evidence suggests that LTPs play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. This review describes how different LTPs as well as MCSs can contribute to cell transformation and malignant phenotype, and discusses how “aberrant” MCSs are associated with tumorigenesis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Peretti
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - SoHui Kim
- Nakseongdae R&D Center, GPCR Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roberta Tufi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Floris A, Luo J, Frank J, Zhou J, Orrù S, Biancolella M, Pucci S, Orlandi A, Campagna P, Balzano A, Ramani K, Tomasi ML. Star-related lipid transfer protein 10 (STARD10): a novel key player in alcohol-induced breast cancer progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:4. [PMID: 30611309 PMCID: PMC6321732 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Ethanol abuse promotes breast cancer development, metastasis and recurrence stimulating mammary tumorigenesis by mechanisms that remain unclear. Normally, 35% of breast cancer is Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2)-positive that predisposes to poor prognosis and relapse, while ethanol drinking leads to invasion of their ERBB2 positive cells triggering the phosphorylation status of mitogen-activated protein kinase. StAR-related lipid transfer protein 10 (STARD10) is a lipid transporter of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); changes on membrane composition of PC and PE occur before the morphological tumorigenic events. Interestingly, STARD10 has been described to be highly expressed in 35–40% of ERBB2-positive breast cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that ethanol administration promotes STARD10 and ERBB2 expression that is significantly associated with increased cell malignancy and aggressiveness. Material and methods We investigated the effect of ethanol on STARD10-ERBB2 cross-talk in breast cancer cells, MMTV-neu transgenic mice and in clinical ERBB2-positive breast cancer specimens with Western Blotting and Real-time PCR. We also examined the effects of their knockdown and overexpression on transient transfected breast cancer cells using promoter activity, MTT, cell migration, calcium and membrane fluidity assays in vitro. Results Ethanol administration induces STARD10 and ERBB2 expression in vitro and in vivo. ERBB2 overexpression causes an increase in STARD10 expression, while overexpression of ERBB2’s downstream targets, p65, c-MYC, c-FOS or c-JUN induces STARD10 promoter activity, correlative of enhanced ERBB2 function. Ethanol and STARD10-mediated cellular membrane fluidity and intracellular calcium concentration impact ERBB2 signaling pathway as evaluated by enhanced p65 nuclear translocation and binding to both ERBB2 and STARD10 promoters. Conclusion Our finding proved that STARD10 and ERBB2 positively regulate each other’s expression and function. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ethanol can modulate ERBB2’s function in breast cancer via a novel interplay with STARD10. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1013-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Floris
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, DAVIS Research Building 3096A, 8700 Beverly Blv, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Frank
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, DAVIS Research Building 3096A, 8700 Beverly Blv, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Pucci
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Campagna
- Casa di Cura Polispecialistica Sant'Elena, Quartu, Italy
| | | | - Komal Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, DAVIS Research Building 3096A, 8700 Beverly Blv, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, DAVIS Research Building 3096A, 8700 Beverly Blv, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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9
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Rosado-Olivieri EA, Ramos-Ortiz GA, Hernández-Pasos J, Díaz-Balzac CA, Vázquez-Rosa E, Valentín-Tirado G, Vega IE, García-Arrarás JE. A START-domain-containing protein is a novel marker of nervous system components of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 214:57-65. [PMID: 28864221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges faced by investigators studying the nervous system of members of the phylum Echinodermata is the lack of markers to identify nerve cells and plexi. Previous studies have utilized an antibody, RN1, that labels most of the nervous system structures of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima and other echinoderms. However, the antigen recognized by RN1 remained unknown. In the present work, the antigen has been characterized by immunoprecipitation, tandem mass spectrometry, and cDNA cloning. The RN1 antigen contains a START lipid-binding domain found in Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) proteins and other lipid-binding proteins. Phylogenetic tree assembly showed that the START domain is highly conserved among echinoderms. We have named this antigen HgSTARD10 for its high sequence similarity to the vertebrate orthologs. Gene and protein expression analyses revealed an abundance of HgSTARD10 in most H. glaberrima tissues including radial nerve, intestine, muscle, esophagus, mesentery, hemal system, gonads and respiratory tree. Molecular cloning of HgSTARD10, consequent protein expression and polyclonal antibody production revealed the STARD10 ortholog as the antigen recognized by the RN1 antibody. Further characterization into this START domain-containing protein will provide important insights for the biochemistry, physiology and evolution of deuterostomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Rosado-Olivieri
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico.
| | - Gibram A Ramos-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico.
| | - Josué Hernández-Pasos
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos A Díaz-Balzac
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico.
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Griselle Valentín-Tirado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Irving E Vega
- Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
| | - José E García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Campus, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico.
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10
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Zhao G, Li Y, Wang T. Potentiation of docetaxel sensitivity by miR-638 via regulation of STARD10 pathway in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:255-261. [PMID: 28412359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to classical chemotherapeutics such as docetaxel (DTX) remains a critical challenge in breast cancer (BCa) treatment. Epigenetic modification by microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to play a crucial role in cancer drug resistance. Previous study, using human drug-resistant BCa tissues, has identified miR-638 as one of the most down-regulated miRNAs, but its exact roles and underlying mechanisms during the pathogenesis of chemoresistance remain to be determined. In the current study, we found that miR-638 expression was significantly down-regulated in clinical DTX-resistant BCa tissues compared to that in DTX-sensitive BCa tissues. By using the previously established DTX-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/R), we also confirmed that chemoresistant cells displayed decreased levels of miR-638. To provide the direct functional evidence, we inhibited and overexpressed miR-638 in different cell lines. Thereby, the cells were rendered more resistant or susceptible to DTX treatment. Mechanistically, the lipid-binding protein STARD10 was identified as a miR-638 target mediating the DTX-resistance. Hence, we provide a molecular explanation for acquired resistance to DTX that is caused by the miR-638 deficiency and subsequent STARD10 upregulation. In consequence, alteration of miR-638/STARD10 cascade may represent an attractive strategy in future adjuvant therapy along with DTX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Gland and Breast Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Thyroid Gland and Breast Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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11
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Wu X, Zhang W, Font-Burgada J, Palmer T, Hamil AS, Biswas SK, Poidinger M, Borcherding N, Xie Q, Ellies LG, Lytle NK, Wu LW, Fox RG, Yang J, Dowdy SF, Reya T, Karin M. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13 controls breast cancer metastasis through a TAK1-p38 MAP kinase cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13870-5. [PMID: 25189770 PMCID: PMC4183333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414358111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Breast cancer (BCa) metastatic recurrence can happen years after removal of the primary tumor. Here we show that Ubc13, an E2 enzyme that catalyzes K63-linked protein polyubiquitination, is largely dispensable for primary mammary tumor growth but is required for metastatic spread and lung colonization by BCa cells. Loss of Ubc13 inhibited BCa growth and survival only at metastatic sites. Ubc13 was dispensable for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced SMAD activation but was required for activation of non-SMAD signaling via TGFβ-activating kinase 1 (TAK1) and p38, whose activity controls expression of numerous metastasis promoting genes. p38 activation restored metastatic activity to Ubc13-deficient cells, and its pharmacological inhibition attenuated BCa metastasis in mice, suggesting it is a therapeutic option for metastatic BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction and Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction and Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Joan Font-Burgada
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction and Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and
| | | | - Alexander S Hamil
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Nikki K Lytle
- Departments of Pharmacology, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction and Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Raymond G Fox
- Departments of Pharmacology, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | | | - Steven F Dowdy
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Departments of Pharmacology, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction and Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and
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12
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Identification of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-like in the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:223-34. [PMID: 25223890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin is the protein marker of caveola-mediated endocytosis. Previously, we demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence that an anti-chick embryo caveolin-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizes a protein in amoeba extracts. Nevertheless, the caveolin-1 gene is absent in the Entamoeba histolytica genome database. In this work, the goal was to isolate, identify and characterize the protein that cross-reacts with chick embryo caveolin-1. We identified the protein using a proteomic approach, and the complete gene was cloned and sequenced. The identified protein, E. histolytica phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-like (EhPCTP-L), is a member of the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) protein superfamily. The human homolog binds and transfers phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) between model membranes in vitro; however, the physiological role of PCTP-L remains elusive. Studies in silico showed that EhPCTP-L has a central START domain and also contains a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region. The anti-rEhPCTP-L antibody demonstrated that EhPCTP-L is found in the plasma membrane and cytosol, which is in agreement with previous reports on the human counterpart. This result points to the plasma membrane as one possible target membrane for EhPCTP-L. Furthermore, assays using filipin and nystatin showed down regulation of EhPCTP-L, in an apparently cholesterol-independent way. Interestingly, EhPCTP-L binds primarily to anionic phospholipids phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), while its mammalian counterpart HsPCTP-L binds neutral phospholipids PC and PE. The present study provides information that helps reveal the possible function and regulation of PCTP-L expression in the primitive eukaryotic parasite E. histolytica.
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13
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Monsivais D, Dyson MT, Yin P, Coon JS, Navarro A, Feng G, Malpani SS, Ono M, Ercan CM, Wei JJ, Pavone ME, Su E, Bulun SE. ERβ- and prostaglandin E2-regulated pathways integrate cell proliferation via Ras-like and estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor in endometriosis. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1304-15. [PMID: 24992181 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In endometriosis, stromal and epithelial cells from the endometrium form extrauterine lesions and persist in response to estrogen (E2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Stromal cells produce excessive quantities of estrogen and PGE2 in a feed-forward manner. However, it is unknown how estrogen stimulates cell proliferation and survival for the establishment and persistence of disease. Previous studies suggest that estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) is strikingly overexpressed in endometriotic stromal cells. Thus, we integrated genome-wide ERβ binding data from previously published studies in breast cells and gene expression profiles in human endometriosis and endometrial tissues (total sample number = 81) and identified Ras-like, estrogen-regulated, growth inhibitor (RERG) as an ERβ target. Estradiol potently induced RERG mRNA and protein levels in primary endometriotic stromal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated E2-induced enrichment of ERβ at the RERG promoter region. PGE2 via protein kinase A phosphorylated RERG and enhanced the nuclear translocation of RERG. RERG induced the proliferation of primary endometriotic cells. Overall, we demonstrated that E2/ERβ and PGE2 integrate at RERG, leading to increased endometriotic cell proliferation and represents a novel candidate for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Monsivais
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research (D.M., M.T.D., P.Y., J.S.C., A.N., S.S.M., M.O., C.M.E., M.E.P., E.S., S.E.B.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center (part of the Northwestern CTSA) and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (G.F.), and Department of Pathology (J.J.W.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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14
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Alpy F, Tomasetto C. START ships lipids across interorganelle space. Biochimie 2014; 96:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The Lipid Transfer Protein StarD7: Structure, Function, and Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6170-86. [PMID: 23507753 PMCID: PMC3634439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain proteins constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved and widely expressed proteins that have been implicated in lipid transport, metabolism, and signaling. The 15 well-characterized mammalian START domain-containing proteins are grouped into six subfamilies. The START domain containing 7 mRNA encodes StarD7, a member of the StarD2/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP) subfamily, which was first identified as a gene overexpressed in a choriocarcinoma cell line. Recent studies show that the StarD7 protein facilitates the delivery of phosphatidylcholine to the mitochondria. This review summarizes the latest advances in StarD7 research, focusing on the structural and biochemical features, protein-lipid interactions, and mechanisms that regulate StarD7 expression. The implications of the role of StarD7 in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation are also discussed.
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16
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Disruption of Stard10 gene alters the PPARα-mediated bile acid homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012. [PMID: 23200860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STARD10, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) protein family, is highly expressed in the liver and has been shown to transfer phosphatidylcholine. Therefore it has been assumed that STARD10 may function in the secretion of phospholipids into the bile. To help elucidate the physiological role of STARD10, we produced Stard10 knockout mice (Stard10(-/-)) and studied their phenotype. Neither liver content nor biliary secretion of phosphatidylcholine was altered in Stard10(-/-) mice. Unexpectedly, the biliary secretion of bile acids from the liver and the level of taurine-conjugated bile acids in the bile were significantly higher in Stard10(-/-) mice than wild type (WT) mice. In contrast, the levels of the secondary bile acids were lower in the liver of Stard10(-/-) mice, suggesting that the enterohepatic cycling is impaired. STARD10 was also expressed in the gallbladder and small intestine where the expression level of apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) turned out to be markedly lower in Stard10(-/-) mice than in WT mice when measured under fed condition. Consistent with the above results, the fecal excretion of bile acids was significantly increased in Stard10(-/-) mice. Interestingly, PPARα-dependent genes responsible for the regulation of bile acid metabolism were down-regulated in the liver of Stard10(-/-) mice. The loss of STARD10 impaired the PPARα activity and the expression of a PPARα-target gene such as Cyp8b1 in mouse hepatoma cells. These results indicate that STARD10 is involved in regulating bile acid metabolism through the modulation of PPARα-mediated mechanism.
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17
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Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer (START) domain family are defined by the presence of a conserved ∼210 amino acid sequence that folds into an α/β helix-grip structure forming a hydrophobic pocket for ligand binding. The mammalian START proteins bind diverse ligands, such as cholesterol, oxysterols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and possibly fatty acids, and have putative roles in non-vesicular lipid transport, thioesterase enzymatic activity, and tumor suppression. However, the biological functions of many members of the START domain protein family are not well established. Recent research has focused on characterizing the cell-type distribution and regulation of the START proteins, examining the specificity and directionality of lipid transport, and identifying disease states associated with dysregulation of START protein expression. This review summarizes the current concepts of the proposed physiological and pathological roles for the mammalian START domain proteins in cholesterol and lipid trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
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18
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Shishova EY, Stoll JM, Ersoy BA, Shrestha S, Scapa EF, Li Y, Niepel MW, Su Y, Jelicks LA, Stahl GL, Glicksman M, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Cuny GD, Cohen DE. Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein attenuates diet-induced hepatic glucose production. Hepatology 2011; 54:664-74. [PMID: 21538437 PMCID: PMC3144994 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) is a highly specific intracellular lipid binding protein that is enriched in liver. Coding region polymorphisms in both humans and mice appear to confer protection against measures of insulin resistance. The current study was designed to test the hypotheses that Pctp-/- mice are protected against diet-induced increases in hepatic glucose production and that small molecule inhibition of PC-TP recapitulates this phenotype. Pctp-/- and wildtype mice were subjected to high-fat feeding and rates of hepatic glucose production and glucose clearance were quantified by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies and pyruvate tolerance tests. These studies revealed that high-fat diet-induced increases in hepatic glucose production were markedly attenuated in Pctp-/- mice. Small molecule inhibitors of PC-TP were synthesized and their potencies, as well as mechanism of inhibition, were characterized in vitro. An optimized inhibitor was administered to high-fat-fed mice and used to explore effects on insulin signaling in cell culture systems. Small molecule inhibitors bound PC-TP, displaced phosphatidylcholines from the lipid binding site, and increased the thermal stability of the protein. Administration of the optimized inhibitor to wildtype mice attenuated hepatic glucose production associated with high-fat feeding, but had no activity in Pctp-/- mice. Indicative of a mechanism for reducing glucose intolerance that is distinct from commonly utilized insulin-sensitizing agents, the inhibitor promoted insulin-independent phosphorylation of key insulin signaling molecules. CONCLUSION These findings suggest PC-TP inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y. Shishova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Janis M. Stoll
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Baran A. Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Sudeep Shrestha
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Erez F. Scapa
- Gastroenterology Department, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Michele W. Niepel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Linda A. Jelicks
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Gregory L. Stahl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Marcie Glicksman
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Roger Gutierrez-Juarez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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19
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Kang HW, Wei J, Cohen DE. PC-TP/StARD2: Of membranes and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:449-56. [PMID: 20338778 PMCID: PMC2897958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP, synonym StARD2) binds phosphatidylcholines, and catalyzes their intermembrane transfer and exchange in vitro. The structure of PC-TP comprises a hydrophobic pocket and a well-defined head group binding site, and its gene expression is regulated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha. Recent studies have revealed key regulatory roles for PC-TP in lipid and glucose metabolism. Notably, Pctp(-/-) mice are sensitized to the action of insulin, and exhibit more efficient brown fat-mediated thermogenesis. PC-TP appears to limit access of fatty acids to mitochondria by stimulating the activity of thioesterase superfamily member 2, a newly characterized long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase. Because PC-TP discriminates between phosphatidylcholines within lipid bilayers, it might function as a sensor that links metabolic regulation to membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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miR-661 expression in SNAI1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to breast cancer cell invasion by targeting Nectin-1 and StarD10 messengers. Oncogene 2010; 29:4436-48. [PMID: 20543867 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step toward metastasis. MCF7 breast cancer cells conditionally expressing the EMT master regulator SNAI1 were used to identify early expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets that may contribute to the EMT process. Potential targets of miRNAs were identified by matching lists of in silico predicted targets and of inversely expressed mRNAs. MiRNAs were ranked based on the number of predicted hits, highlighting miR-661, a miRNA with so far no reported role in EMT. MiR-661 was found required for efficient invasion of breast cancer cells by destabilizing two of its predicted mRNA targets, the cell-cell adhesion protein Nectin-1 and the lipid transferase StarD10, resulting, in turn, in the downregulation of epithelial markers. Reexpression of Nectin-1 or StarD10 lacking the 3'-untranslated region counteracted SNAI1-induced invasion. Importantly, analysis of public transcriptomic data from a cohort of 295 well-characterized breast tumor specimen revealed that expression of StarD10 is highly associated with markers of luminal subtypes whereas its loss negatively correlated with the EMT-related, basal-like subtype. Collectively, our non-a priori approach revealed a nonpredicted link between SNAI1-triggered EMT and the down-regulation of Nectin-1 and StarD10 through the up-regulation of miR-661, which may contribute to the invasion of breast cancer cells and poor disease outcome.
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21
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Murphy NC, Biankin AV, Millar EKA, McNeil CM, O'Toole SA, Segara D, Crea P, Olayioye MA, Lee CS, Fox SB, Morey AL, Christie M, Musgrove EA, Daly RJ, Lindeman GJ, Henshall SM, Visvader JE, Sutherland RL. Loss of STARD10 expression identifies a group of poor prognosis breast cancers independent of HER2/Neu and triple negative status. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1445-53. [PMID: 19676041 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid transfer protein STARD10 cooperates with c-erbB signaling and is overexpressed in Neu/ErbB2 breast cancers. We investigated if STARD10 expression provides additional prognostic information to HER2/neu status in primary breast cancer. A published gene expression dataset was used to determine relationships between STARD10 and HER2 mRNA levels and patient outcome. The central findings were independently validated by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective cohort of 222 patients with breast cancer with a median follow-up of 64 months. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients with low STARD10 or high HER2 tumor mRNA levels formed discrete groups each associated with a poor disease-specific survival (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0058, respectively). In the immunohistochemical study low/absent STARD10 expression i.e. < or = 10% positive cells was observed in 24 of 222 (11%) tumors. In a univariate model, low/absent STARD10 expression was significantly associated with decreased patient survival (p = 0.0008). In multivariate analyses incorporating tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, ER, PR and HER2 status, low STARD10 expression was an independent predictor of death from breast cancer (HR: 2.56 (95% CI: 1.27-5.18), p = 0.0086). Furthermore, low/absent STARD10 expression, HER2 amplification and triple negative status were independent prognostic variables. Loss of STARD10 expression may provide an additional marker of poor outcome in breast cancer identifying a subgroup of patients with a particularly adverse prognosis, which is independent of HER2 amplification and the triple negative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh C Murphy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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22
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Parisi F, Sonderegger B, Wirapati P, Delorenzi M, Naef F. Relationship between estrogen receptor alpha location and gene induction reveals the importance of downstream sites and cofactors. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:381. [PMID: 19689805 PMCID: PMC2907696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand cancer-related modifications to transcriptional programs requires detailed knowledge about the activation of signal-transduction pathways and gene expression programs. To investigate the mechanisms of target gene regulation by human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha), we combine extensive location and expression datasets with genomic sequence analysis. In particular, we study the influence of patterns of DNA occupancy by hERalpha on expression phenotypes. RESULTS We find that strong ChIP-chip sites co-localize with strong hERalpha consensus sites and detect nucleotide bias near hERalpha sites. The localization of ChIP-chip sites relative to annotated genes shows that weak sites are enriched near transcription start sites, while stronger sites show no positional bias. Assessing the relationship between binding configurations and expression phenotypes, we find binding sites downstream of the transcription start site (TSS) to be equally good or better predictors of hERalpha-mediated expression as upstream sites. The study of FOX and SP1 cofactor sites near hERalpha ChIP sites shows that induced genes frequently have FOX or SP1 sites. Finally we integrate these multiple datasets to define a high confidence set of primary hERalpha target genes. CONCLUSION Our results support the model of long-range interactions of hERalpha with the promoter-bound cofactor SP1 residing at the promoter of hERalpha target genes. FOX motifs co-occur with hERalpha motifs along responsive genes. Importantly we show that the spatial arrangement of sites near the start sites and within the full transcript is important in determining response to estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parisi
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Alpy F, Legueux F, Bianchetti L, Tomasetto C. [START domain-containing proteins: a review of their role in lipid transport and exchange]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:181-91. [PMID: 19239851 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009252181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen START domain-containing proteins exist in mammals. On the basis of their structural homology, this family is divided into several sub-families consisting mainly of non-vesicular intracellular lipid carriers. With the exception of the Thioesterase-START subfamily, the other subfamilies are represented among invertebrates. The START domain is always located in the C-terminus of the protein. It is a module of about 210 residues that binds lipids, including sterols. Cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramides are ligands for STARD1/STARD3-6, STARD5, STARD2/STARD10, STARD10 and STARD11, respectively. The lipids or sterols bound by the remaining 7 START proteins are unknown. The START domain can be regarded as a lipid-exchange and/or a lipid-sensing domain. The START domain consists in a deep lipid-binding pocket--that shields the hydrophic ligand from the external aqueous environment--covered by a lid formed by a C-terminal alpha helix. Within the same subgroup, such as the sterols-carriers subgroup, different START domains have similar biochemical properties; however, their expression profile and their subcellular localization distinguish them and are critical for their different biological functions. START proteins act in a variety of distinct physiological processes, such as lipid transfer between intracellular compartments, lipid metabolism and modulation of signaling events. Mutation or misexpression of START proteins is linked to pathological processes, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Alpy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Biologie du Cancer, UPR 6520 CNRS/U964 Inserm/Université Louis Pasteur, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, CU de Strasbourg, France
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Durán MC, Vega F, Moreno-Bueno G, Artiga MJ, Sanchez L, Palacios J, Ridley A, Timms JF. Characterisation of tumoral markers correlated with ErbB2 (HER2/Neu) overexpression and metastasis in breast cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:1313-26. [PMID: 21136925 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 (HER2/neu) is overexpressed in ˜30% of breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis and an increased likelihood of metastasis. Clinical treatments such as trastuzumab are effective in less than 35% of women diagnosed as ErbB2-positive, highlighting the necessity of searching for novel targets and alternative therapies. Herein, a proteomic screening strategy combining quantitative-based gel electrophoresis and MS was used to compare the protein expression of 48 normal human breast and tumour tissues differing in ErbB2 expression and lymph node status. The aim was to identify proteins associated with the aggressive phenotype of ErbB2-positive breast cancer which could be potential biomarkers of the disease as well as therapy targets. In total, 177 protein isoforms (107 gene products) differentially expressed between tissue groups were identified. Immunohistochemical staining of a tissue-microarray was used for validation of selected protein candidates. We found that expression of HSP90α, laminin and GSTP1 significantly correlated with ErbB2 expression, while others such as AGR2, NM23H1 and Annexin 2 were overexpressed in greater than 40% of tumours. Finally, knocking-down the expression by RNA interference of three candidates, AGR2, Transgelin2 and NM23H1 resulted in an enhanced invasive capacity of MDA-MB435 cells. These data support the involvement of these targets in tumour progression and identify them as novel biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen Durán
- Cancer Proteomics, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, London Branch, Royal Free and University College London School of Medicine, UK; UCL EGA, Institute of Women's Health, London, UK.
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25
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Chang IY, Kim JH, Hwang G, Song PI, Song RJ, Kim JW, Yoon SP. Immunohistochemical detection of StarD6 in the rat nervous system. Neuroreport 2007; 18:1615-9. [PMID: 17885612 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f0402f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain 6 (StarD6) is known to be exclusively expressed in germ cells of testis. As little is known about StarD6 expression in the nervous system, we investigated the distribution of StarD6 in rat neural tissues. Immunoreactivity of StarD6 was detected in the brain, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia; particularly cerebral cortex (layer V and VI), hippocampus, substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. We provided compelling evidence that multiple neuronal and glial populations were immunolabelled with anti-StarD6 antibody throughout the nervous system. We postulate that StarD6 might play an important role in lipid sensing of the nervous system based on its immunolocalization in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mandal S, Davie JR. An integrated analysis of genes and pathways exhibiting metabolic differences between estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:181. [PMID: 17883861 PMCID: PMC2148057 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The sex hormone estrogen (E2) is pivotal to normal mammary gland growth and differentiation and in breast carcinogenesis. In this in silico study, we examined metabolic differences between ER(+)ve breast cancer cells during E2 deprivation. Methods Public repositories of SAGE and MA gene expression data generated from E2 deprived ER(+)ve breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and ZR75-1 were compared with normal breast tissue. We analyzed gene ontology (GO), enrichment, clustering, chromosome localization, and pathway profiles and performed multiple comparisons with cell lines and tumors with different ER status. Results In all GO terms, biological process (BP), molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC), MCF-7 had higher gene utilization than ZR75-1. Various analyses showed a down-regulated immune function, an up-regulated protein (ZR75-1) and glucose metabolism (MCF-7). A greater percentage of 77 common genes localized to the q arm of all chromosomes, but in ZR75-1 chromosomes 11, 16, and 19 harbored more overexpressed genes. Despite differences in gene utilization (electron transport, proteasome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis) and expression (ribosome) in both cells, there was an overall similarity of ZR75-1 with ER(-)ve cell lines and ER(+)ve/ER(-)ve breast tumors. Conclusion This study demonstrates integral metabolic differences may exist within the same cell subtype (luminal A) in representative ER(+)ve cell line models. Selectivity of gene and pathway usage for strategies such as energy requirement minimization, sugar utilization by ZR75-1 contrasted with MCF-7 cells, expressing genes whose protein products require ATP utilization. Such characteristics may impart aggressiveness to ZR75-1 and may be prognostic determinants of ER(+)ve breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mandal
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
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27
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Olayioye MA, Buchholz M, Schmid S, Schöffler P, Hoffmann P, Pomorski T. Phosphorylation of StarD10 on Serine 284 by Casein Kinase II Modulates Its Lipid Transfer Activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:22492-8. [PMID: 17561512 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701990200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
StarD10 is a dual specificity lipid transfer protein capable of shuttling phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between membranes in vitro. We now provide evidence that, in vivo, StarD10 is phosphorylated on serine 284. This novel phosphorylation site was identified by tandem mass spectrometry of immunoaffinity-purified StarD10 from lysates of HEK293T cells transiently expressing the protein. In vitro kinase assays revealed that casein kinase II was capable of phosphorylating wild-type StarD10 but not a S284A mutant protein. Interestingly, hypotonic extracts prepared from HEK293T cells expressing the serine to alanine mutant exhibited increased lipid transfer activity compared with those from wild-type StarD10-expressing cells, suggesting that, in a cellular context, phosphorylation on serine 284 negatively regulates StarD10 activity. Because casein kinase II phosphorylation also inhibited lipid transfer activity of the purified recombinant StarD10 protein, inhibition is not dependent on any cellular cofactors. Instead, our data show that C-terminal StarD10 phosphorylation on serine 284 regulates its association with cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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28
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Epand RM. Cholesterol and the interaction of proteins with membrane domains. Prog Lipid Res 2006; 45:279-94. [PMID: 16574236 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is not uniformly distributed in biological membranes. One of the factors influencing the formation of cholesterol-rich domains in membranes is the unequal lateral distribution of proteins in membranes. Certain proteins are found in cholesterol-rich domains. In some of these cases, it is as a consequence of the proteins interacting directly with cholesterol. There are several structural features of a protein that result in the protein preferentially associating with cholesterol-rich domains. One of the best documented of these is certain types of lipidations. In addition, however, there are segments of a protein that can preferentially sequester cholesterol. We discuss two examples of these cholesterol-recognition elements: the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) domain and the sterol-sensing domain (SSD). The requirements for a CRAC motif are quite flexible and predict that a large number of sequences could recognize cholesterol. There are, however, certain proteins that are known to interact with cholesterol-rich domains of cell membranes that have CRAC motifs, and synthetic peptides corresponding to these segments also promote the formation of cholesterol-rich domains. Modeling studies have provided a rationale for certain requirements of the CRAC motif. The SSD is a larger protein segment comprising five transmembrane domains. The amino acid sequence YIYF is found in several SSD and in certain other proteins for which there is evidence that they interact with cholesterol-rich domains. The CRAC sequences as well as YIYF are generally found adjacent to a transmembrane helical segment. These regions appear to have a strong influence of the localization of certain proteins into domains in biological membranes. In addition to the SSD, there is also a domain found in soluble proteins, the START domain, that binds lipids. Certain proteins with START domains specifically bind cholesterol and are believed to function in intracellular cholesterol transport. One of these proteins is StAR-D1, that also has a mitochondrial targeting sequence and plays an important role in delivering cholesterol to the mitochondria of steroidogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8N 3Z5.
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Alpy F, Tomasetto C. Give lipids a START: the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain in mammals. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:2791-801. [PMID: 15976441 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) domain is a protein module of approximately 210 residues that binds lipids, including sterols. Fifteen mammalian proteins, STARD1-STARD15, possess a START domain and these can be grouped into six subfamilies. Cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramides are ligands for STARD1/STARD3/STARD5, STARD5, STARD2/STARD10, STARD10 and STARD11, respectively. The lipids or sterols bound by the remaining 9 START proteins are unknown. Recent studies show that the C-terminal end of the domain plays a fundamental role, forming a lid over a deep lipid-binding pocket that shields the ligand from the external environment. The START domain can be regarded as a lipid-exchange and/or a lipid-sensing domain. Mammalian START proteins have diverse expression patterns and can be found free in the cytoplasm, attached to membranes or in the nucleus. They appear to function in a variety of distinct physiological processes, such as lipid transfer between intracellular compartments, lipid metabolism and modulation of signaling events. Mutation or misexpression of START proteins is linked to pathological processes, including genetic disorders, autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Alpy
- Inserm, U682 Strasbourg, F67200, Development and Physiopathology of the Intestine and Pancreas, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Olayioye MA, Vehring S, Müller P, Herrmann A, Schiller J, Thiele C, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE, Pomorski T. StarD10, a START domain protein overexpressed in breast cancer, functions as a phospholipid transfer protein. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:27436-42. [PMID: 15911624 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413330200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We originally identified StarD10 as a protein overexpressed in breast cancer that cooperates with the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases in cellular transformation. StarD10 contains a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR/StarD1)-related lipid transfer (START) domain that is thought to mediate binding of lipids. We now provide evidence that StarD10 interacts with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by electron spin resonance measurement. Interaction with these phospholipids was verified in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay with 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl-labeled lipids. Binding was not restricted to lipid analogs since StarD10 selectively extracted PC and PE from small unilamellar vesicles prepared with endogenous radiolabeled lipids from Vero monkey kidney cells. Mass spectrometry revealed that StarD10 preferentially selects lipid species containing a palmitoyl or stearoyl chain on the sn-1 and an unsaturated fatty acyl chain (18:1 or 18:2) on the sn-2 position. StarD10 was further shown to bind lipids in vivo by cross-linking of protein expressed in transfected HEK-293T cells with photoactivable phosphatidylcholine. In addition to a lipid binding function, StarD10 transferred PC and PE between membranes. Interestingly, these lipid binding and transfer specificities distinguish StarD10 from the related START domain proteins Pctp and CERT, suggesting a distinct biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Victoria 3050, Australia
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31
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Hoffmann P, Olayioye MA, Moritz RL, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE, Simpson RJ, Kemp BE. Breast cancer protein StarD10 identified by three-dimensional separation using free-flow electrophoresis, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:1029-37. [PMID: 15704244 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 35 kDa protein present in mammary tumors from Neu/ErbB2 transgenic mice was detected on the basis of its cross-reactivity with a phosphoserine-specific antibody against the transcription factor FKHR. To isolate this protein from cytosolic extracts derived from human breast carcinoma cells, we used free-flow electrophoresis in the first dimension to separate proteins according to their charge, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in the second and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the third dimension. Tryptic digests of Coomassie-stained bands were analyzed by nano-spray ionization-quadrupole quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry identifying StarD10, a START domain containing protein, which cross-reacted with the anti-phospho-FKHR antibody. The site of phosphorylation was identified in immunoaffinity purified Flag-tagged StarD10 from 293T cells transiently expressing this protein. Tryptic phosphopeptides were enriched by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and StarD10 Ser-259-phosphate was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, free-flow electrophoresis is a powerful high-capacity complementary technique to RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE for the purification of proteins from complex cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoffmann
- St. Vincent's Institute and CSIRO Health Sciences & Nutrition, Victoria, Australia.
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