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Chen Q, Guo P, Hong Y, Mo P, Yu C. The multifaceted therapeutic value of targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 in tumorigenesis. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38553750 PMCID: PMC10979636 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1, also known as NCOA1) frequently functions as a transcriptional coactivator by directly binding to transcription factors and recruiting to the target gene promoters to promote gene transcription by increasing chromatin accessibility and promoting the formation of transcriptional complexes. In recent decades, various biological and pathological functions of SRC-1 have been reported, especially in the context of tumorigenesis. SRC-1 is a facilitator of the progression of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, neurological cancer, and female genital system cancer. The emerging multiorgan oncogenic role of SRC-1 is still being studied and may not be limited to only steroid hormone-producing tissues. Growing evidence suggests that SRC-1 promotes target gene expression by directly binding to transcription factors, which may constitute a novel coactivation pattern independent of AR or ER. In addition, the antitumour effect of pharmacological inhibition of SRC-1 with agents including various small molecules or naturally active compounds has been reported, but their practical application in clinical cancer therapy is very limited. For this review, we gathered typical evidence on the oncogenic role of SRC-1, highlighted its major collaborators and regulatory genes, and mapped the potential mechanisms by which SRC-1 promotes primary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Yilin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361104, China.
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2
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García-Miranda A, Montes-Alvarado JB, Sarmiento-Salinas FL, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Navarro-Tito N, Maycotte P. Regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by autophagy supports leptin-induced cell migration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1408. [PMID: 38228661 PMCID: PMC10791685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, which promotes tumor progression by activating canonical signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK. Recent studies have shown that leptin induces autophagy, and this process is involved in leptin-induced characteristics of malignancy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process associated with different hallmarks of cancer, such as cell survival, migration, and metabolic reprogramming. However, its relationship with metabolic reprogramming has not been clearly described. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of leptin-induced autophagy in cancer cell metabolism and its association with cellular proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells. We used ER+/PR+ and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines treated with leptin, autophagy inhibition, or mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors. Our results show that leptin induces autophagy, increases proliferation, mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial function in ER+/PR+ cells. Importantly, autophagy was required to maintain metabolic changes and cell proliferation driven by leptin. In triple-negative cells, leptin did not induce autophagy or cell proliferation but increased glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial function, and cell migration. In triple negative cells, autophagy was required to support metabolic changes and cell migration, and autophagy inhibition decreased cellular migration similar to mitochondrial inhibitors. In conclusion, leptin-induced autophagy supports mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells as well as glycolysis in triple negative cells. Importantly, leptin-induced mitochondrial metabolism promoted cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin García-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - José Benito Montes-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Metabólica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
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3
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Pu Q, Gao H. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5493. [PMID: 38001753 PMCID: PMC10670777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a highly heterogeneous systemic disease. It is ranked first globally in the incidence of new cancer cases and has emerged as the primary cause of cancer-related death among females. Among the distinct subtypes of BRCA, triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) has been associated with increased metastasis and invasiveness, exhibiting greater resistance to endocrine therapy involving trastuzumab. It is now understood that invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance associated with BRCA progression are not exclusively due to breast tumor cells but are from the intricate interplay between BRCA and its tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, understanding the pathogenesis and evolution of the TPBC microenvironment demands a comprehensive approach. Moreover, addressing BRCA treatment necessitates a holistic consideration of the TME, bearing significant implications for identifying novel targets for anticancer interventions. This review expounds on the relationship between critical cellular components and factors in the TPBC microenvironment and the inception, advancement, and therapeutic resistance of breast cancer to provide perspectives on the latest research on TPBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
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4
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Li C, Wang F, Cui L, Li S, Zhao J, Liao L. Association between abnormal lipid metabolism and tumor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134154. [PMID: 37305043 PMCID: PMC10248433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Reprogramming is a sign of tumor, and as one of the three major substances metabolism, lipid has an obvious impact. Abnormal lipid metabolism is related to the occurrence of various diseases, and the proportion of people with abnormal lipid metabolism is increasing year by year. Lipid metabolism is involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors by regulating various oncogenic signal pathways. The differences in lipid metabolism among different tumors are related to various factors such as tumor origin, regulation of lipid metabolism pathways, and diet. This article reviews the synthesis and regulatory pathways of lipids, as well as the research progress on cholesterol, triglycerides, sphingolipids, lipid related lipid rafts, adipocytes, lipid droplets, and lipid-lowering drugs in relation to tumors and their drug resistance. It also points out the limitations of current research and potential tumor treatment targets and drugs in the lipid metabolism pathway. Research and intervention on lipid metabolism abnormalities may provide new ideas for the treatment and survival prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Bhardwaj P, Iyengar NM, Zahid H, Carter KM, Byun DJ, Choi MH, Sun Q, Savenkov O, Louka C, Liu C, Piloco P, Acosta M, Bareja R, Elemento O, Foronda M, Dow LE, Oshchepkova S, Giri DD, Pollak M, Zhou XK, Hopkins BD, Laughney AM, Frey MK, Ellenson LH, Morrow M, Spector JA, Cantley LC, Brown KA. Obesity promotes breast epithelium DNA damage in women carrying a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade1857. [PMID: 36812344 PMCID: PMC10557057 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, is an established risk factor for breast cancer among women in the general population after menopause. Whether elevated BMI is a risk factor for women with a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is less clear because of inconsistent findings from epidemiological studies and a lack of mechanistic studies in this population. Here, we show that DNA damage in normal breast epithelia of women carrying a BRCA mutation is positively correlated with BMI and with biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. In addition, RNA sequencing showed obesity-associated alterations to the breast adipose microenvironment of BRCA mutation carriers, including activation of estrogen biosynthesis, which affected neighboring breast epithelial cells. In breast tissue explants cultured from women carrying a BRCA mutation, we found that blockade of estrogen biosynthesis or estrogen receptor activity decreased DNA damage. Additional obesity-associated factors, including leptin and insulin, increased DNA damage in human BRCA heterozygous epithelial cells, and inhibiting the signaling of these factors with a leptin-neutralizing antibody or PI3K inhibitor, respectively, decreased DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that increased adiposity was associated with mammary gland DNA damage and increased penetrance of mammary tumors in Brca1+/- mice. Overall, our results provide mechanistic evidence in support of a link between elevated BMI and breast cancer development in BRCA mutation carriers. This suggests that maintaining a lower body weight or pharmacologically targeting estrogen or metabolic dysfunction may reduce the risk of breast cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heba Zahid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dong Jun Byun
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit of Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Oleksandr Savenkov
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charalambia Louka
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catherine Liu
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Phoebe Piloco
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monica Acosta
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sofya Oshchepkova
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hopkins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashley M. Laughney
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa K. Frey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lora Hedrick Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason A. Spector
- Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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6
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Bunnell BA, Martin EC, Matossian MD, Brock CK, Nguyen K, Collins-Burow B, Burow ME. The effect of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells and adipose tissue and their impact on cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:549-573. [PMID: 35999486 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents the next global health crisis. As a result, scientific research has focused on gaining deeper insights into obesity and adipose tissue biology. As a result of the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, obesity results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy within the adipose tissue. The functional alterations in the adipose tissue are a confounding contributing factor to many diseases, including cancer. The increased incidence and aggressiveness of several cancers, including colorectal, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, prostate, esophageal, hematological, malignant melanoma, and renal carcinomas, result from obesity as a contributing factor. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-associated cancers are attributable to increased hormones, adipokines, and cytokines produced by the adipose tissue. The increased adipose tissue levels observed in obese patients result in more adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) distributed throughout the body. ASCs have been shown to impact cancer progression in vitro and in preclinical animal models. ASCs influence tumor biology via multiple mechanisms, including the increased recruitment of ASCs to the tumor site and increased production of cytokines and growth factors by ASCs and other cells within the tumor stroma. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity induces alterations in the biological properties of ASCs, subsequently leading to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. As the focus of this review is the interaction and impact of ASCs on cancer, the presentation is limited to preclinical data generated on cancers in which there is a demonstrated role for ASCs, such as postmenopausal breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, cervical, bladder, and gastrointestinal cancers. Our group has investigated the interactions between obesity and breast cancer and the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are discussed. The reciprocal and circular feedback loop between obesity and ASCs and the mechanisms by which ASCs from obese patients alter the biology of cancer cells and enhance tumorigenesis will be discussed. At present, the evidence for ASCs directly influencing human tumor growth is somewhat limited, though recent clinical studies suggest there may be some link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Chicago, IL, Chicago, USA
| | - Courtney K Brock
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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7
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Misch M, Puthanveetil P. The Head-to-Toe Hormone: Leptin as an Extensive Modulator of Physiologic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105439. [PMID: 35628271 PMCID: PMC9141226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a well-known hunger-sensing peptide hormone. The role of leptin in weight gain and metabolic homeostasis has been explored for the past two decades. In this review, we have tried to shed light upon the impact of leptin signaling on health and diseases. At low or moderate levels, this peptide hormone supports physiological roles, but at chronically higher doses exhibits detrimental effects on various systems. The untoward effects we observe with chronically higher levels of leptin are due to their receptor-mediated effect or due to leptin resistance and are not well studied. This review will help us in understanding the non-anorexic roles of leptin, including their contribution to the metabolism of various systems and inflammation. We will be able to get an alternative perspective regarding the physiological and pathological roles of this mysterious peptide hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Misch
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Prasanth Puthanveetil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-630-960-3935
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8
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Coradini D, Gambazza S, Oriana S, Ambrogi F. Adipokines expression and epithelial cell polarity in normal and cancerous breast tissue. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1402-1408. [PMID: 32556088 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is crucial for the correct structural and functional organization of epithelial tissue. Its disruption can lead to loss of the apicobasal polarity, alteration in the intracellular components, misregulation of the pathways involved in cell proliferation and cancer promotion. Very recent in vitro/in vivo findings demonstrated that obesity-associated alterations in tissue adipokines protein level negatively affect epithelial polarity. We performed an in silico study to investigate whether such alterations also occur in surgical samples. We aimed to explore the relationship among the expression of the genes coding for leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADIPOQ), adipokine receptors (LEPR, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2), and a panel of polarity-associated genes in normal tissue from breast reduction mammoplasty, and a series of paired samples of histologically normal (HN) tissue and invasive cancer. Results indicated that, in normal tissue, the expression of adipokines and their receptors negatively correlated with that of the polarity-associated genes and GGT1, which codes for γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme, a marker of cell distress and membrane disruption. This negative correlation progressively decreased in HN and cancerous tissue, and loss of correlation between ADIPOR2 and polarity-associated genes appeared the most noticeable alteration. Given the growing role of obesity in breast cancer etiology and the opposite action of leptin and adiponectin in epithelial tissue remodeling, ADIPOR2 loss could be addressed as a key mechanism leading to an unbalanced leptin stimulatory activity, subsequent cell polarity disruption and eventually tumor initiation, a finding that requires to be confirmed also at the protein level and with in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Coradini
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry, 'Giulio A. Maccacaro', Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Campus Cascina Rosa, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gambazza
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry, 'Giulio A. Maccacaro', Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Campus Cascina Rosa, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti, Milan, Italy
| | - Saro Oriana
- Senology Center, Ambrosiana Clinic, Istituto Sacra Famiglia, Cesano Boscone, Piazza Mons. Moneta, Cesano Boscone, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics and Biometry, 'Giulio A. Maccacaro', Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Campus Cascina Rosa, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti, Milan, Italy
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9
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García-Miranda A, Solano-Alcalá KA, Montes-Alvarado JB, Rosas-Cruz A, Reyes-Leyva J, Navarro-Tito N, Maycotte P, Castañeda-Saucedo E. Autophagy Mediates Leptin-Induced Migration and ERK Activation in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644851. [PMID: 33763424 PMCID: PMC7982408 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling process active in eukaryotic cells that involves the formation of an autophagosome which delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for degradation. This process occurs at low rates under basal conditions, but it can be induced by diverse types of stress such as starvation, hypoxia, metabolic disorders or in response to hormones, including leptin. Leptin is considered a pro-tumorigenic protein whose circulating levels have been related to bad prognosis in obese breast cancer patients. It has been recently demonstrated that leptin can induce autophagy in cancer cell lines from different tissues, suggesting that autophagy could modulate the pro-tumorigenic effects associated with leptin. In this study, the role of autophagy in leptin-induced proliferation, migration, apoptosis and ERK phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines was evaluated. Although leptin differentially induced autophagy in the breast cancer cell lines tested, autophagy inhibition reduced leptin-induced cell proliferation in MCF7 cells and decreased cell migration, ERK activation, and impaired morphological changes in both cell lines. Our data demonstrates an important role for basal autophagy or leptin-induced autophagy in leptin-induced migration and ERK phosphorylation in breast cancer cell lines, suggesting a potential use for the inhibition of autophagy in breast cancer associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin García-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karen Aylín Solano-Alcalá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.,Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, Mexico
| | | | - Arely Rosas-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Paola Maycotte
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
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10
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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11
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Soni S, Torvund M, Mandal CC. Molecular insights into the interplay between adiposity, breast cancer and bone metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:119-138. [PMID: 33591548 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, with various pre-existing health ailments enhancing its pathology. In cancer, the extracellular environment contains various intrinsic physiological factors whose levels are altered with aging and pre-existing conditions. In obesity, the tumor microenvironment and metastases are enriched with factors that are both derived locally, and from other physiological compartments. Similarly, in obesity, the cancer cell environment both at the site of origin and at the secondary site i.e., metastatic niche, contains significantly more phenotypically-altered adipocytes than that of un-obese cancer patients. Indeed, obesity has been linked with cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Adipocytes not only interact with tumor cells, but also with adjacent stromal cells at primary and metastatic sites. This review emphasizes the importance of bidirectional interactions between adipocytes and breast tumor cells in breast cancer progression and its bone metastases. This paper not only chronicles the role of various adipocyte-derived factors in tumor growth, but also describes the significance of adipocyte-derived bone metastatic factors in the development of bone metastasis of breast cancer. It provides a molecular view of the interplay between the adipocytes and tumor cells involved in breast cancer bone metastasis. However, more research is needed to determine if targeting cancer-associated adipocytes holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for breast cancer bone metastasis treatment. Interplay between adipocytes and breast cancer cells at primary cancer site and metastatic bone microenvironment. AMSC Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, CAA Cancer associated adipocytes, CAF Cancer associated fibroblast, BMSC Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell, BMA Bone marrow adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Meaghan Torvund
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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12
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Scully T, Ettela A, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2021; 10:615375. [PMID: 33604295 PMCID: PMC7884814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.615375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have both been associated with increased cancer risk and are becoming increasingly prevalent. Metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes and have been implicated in the obesity-cancer relationship. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to link obesity and diabetes with cancer progression, including an increase in insulin/IGF-1 signaling, lipid and glucose uptake and metabolism, alterations in the profile of cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines, as well as changes in the adipose tissue directly adjacent to the cancer sites. This review aims to summarize and provide an update on the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence linking obesity and type 2 diabetes with cancer, focusing on the roles of insulin, lipids, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Scully
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Abora Ettela
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Emily Jane Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
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13
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Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocytes, Adipocytokines, and Breast Cancer Cells: Novel Implications in Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561595. [PMID: 33123472 PMCID: PMC7566900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating discoveries highlight the importance of interaction between marrow stromal cells and cancer cells for bone metastasis. Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant component of the bone marrow microenvironment. BMAs are unique in their origin and location, and recently they are found to serve as an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It is reasonable to speculate that BMAs contribute to the modification of bone metastatic microenvironment and affecting metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow. Indeed, BMAs may participate in bone metastasis of breast cancer through regulation of recruitment, invasion, survival, colonization, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation by their production of various adipocytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of research progress, focusing on adipocytokines secreted by BMAs and their potential roles for bone metastasis of breast cancer, and investigating the mechanisms mediating the interaction between BMAs and metastatic breast cancer cells. Based on current findings, BMAs may function as a pivotal modulator of bone metastasis of breast cancer, therefore targeting BMAs combined with conventional treatment programs might present a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Han H, Zhou W. Leptin and Its Derivatives: A Potential Target for Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1563-1571. [PMID: 31362672 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190729120557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone product of the obese (ob) gene. Leptin plays an important regulatory role as an immunomodulatory factor in the maintenance and homeostasis of immune functions. Indeed, the role of leptin as an immunomodulator in inflammatory and immune responses has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Leptin mostly affects responses through the immunomodulation of monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, NK cells, and dendritic cells in addition to modulating T and B cell development and functions. Leptin is also an important inflammatory regulator, wherein higher expression influences the secretion rates of IL-6, C-reactive proteins, and TNF-α. Moreover, leptin is highly involved in processes related to human metabolism, inflammatory reactions, cellular development, and diseases, including hematopoiesis. Owing to its diverse immunerelated functions, leptin has been explored as a potential target for therapeutic development in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St. Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St. Huanggu Dis. Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, China
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15
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Kothari C, Diorio C, Durocher F. The Importance of Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165760. [PMID: 32796696 PMCID: PMC7460846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, with a role in obesity and cancer. Adipose tissue is generally linked to excessive body fat, and it is well known that the female breast is rich in adipose tissue. Hence, one can wonder: what is the role of adipose tissue in the breast and why is it required? Adipose tissue as an organ consists of adipocytes, an extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells, with a significant role in the dynamics of breast changes throughout the life span of a female breast from puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution. In this review, we will discuss the importance of breast adipose tissue in breast development and its involvement in breast changes happening during pregnancy, lactation and involution. We will focus on understanding the biology of breast adipose tissue, with an overview on its involvement in the various steps of breast cancer development and progression. The interaction between the breast adipose tissue surrounding cancer cells and vice-versa modifies the tumor microenvironment in favor of cancer. Understanding this mutual interaction and the role of breast adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment could potentially raise the possibility of overcoming breast adipose tissue mediated resistance to therapies and finding novel candidates to target breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Kothari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 48508)
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16
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Zhang F, Liu S. Mechanistic insights of adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104741. [PMID: 32151679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte account for the largest component in breast tissue. Dysfunctional adipocyte metabolism, such as metaflammation in metabolically abnormal obese patients, will cause hyperplasia and hypertrophy of its constituent adipocytes. Inflamed adipose tissue is one of the biggest risk factors causing breast cancer. Factors linking adipocyte metabolism to breast cancer include dysfunctional secretion of proinflammatory mediators, proangiogenic factors and estrogens. The accumulation of tumor supporting cells and systemic effects, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, which are caused by abnormal adipocyte metabolism, further contribute to a more aggressive tumor microenvironment and stimulate breast cancer stem cell to influence the development and progression of breast cancer. Here, in this review, we focus on the adipocyte metabolism in regulating breast cancer progression, and discuss the potential targets which can be used for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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17
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Serpa J. Metabolic Remodeling as a Way of Adapting to Tumor Microenvironment (TME), a Job of Several Holders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:1-34. [PMID: 32130691 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment depends and generates dependence on all the cells and structures that share the same niche, the biotope. The contemporaneous view of the tumor microenvironment (TME) agrees with this idea. The cells that make up the tumor, whether malignant or not, behave similarly to classes of elements within a living community. These elements inhabit, modify and benefit from all the facilities the microenvironment has to offer and that will contribute to the survival and growth of the tumor and the progression of the disease.The metabolic adaptation to microenvironment is a crucial process conducting to an established tumor able to grow locally, invade and metastasized. The metastatic cancer cells are reasonable more plastic than non-metastatic cancer cells, because the previous ones must survive in the microenvironment where the primary tumor develops and in addition, they must prosper in the microenvironment in the metastasized organ.The metabolic remodeling requires not only the adjustment of metabolic pathways per se but also the readjustment of signaling pathways that will receive and obey to the extracellular instructions, commanding the metabolic adaptation. Many diverse players are pivotal in cancer metabolic fitness from the initial signaling stimuli, going through the activation or repression of genes, until the phenotype display. The new phenotype will permit the import and consumption of organic compounds, useful for energy and biomass production, and the export of metabolic products that are useless or must be secreted for a further recycling or controlled uptake. In the metabolic network, three subsets of players are pivotal: (1) the organic compounds; (2) the transmembrane transporters, and (3) the enzymes.This chapter will present the "Pharaonic" intent of diagraming the interplay between these three elements in an attempt of simplifying and, at the same time, of showing the complex sight of cancer metabolism, addressing the orchestrating role of microenvironment and highlighting the influence of non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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18
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-induced Expression of Leptin in the Intestine Orchestrates Epithelial Cell Proliferation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:627-639. [PMID: 31874255 PMCID: PMC7160578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Identifying the functional elements that mediate efficient gut epithelial growth and homeostasis is essential for understanding intestinal health and disease. Many of these processes involve the Lactobacillus-induced generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase (Nox1). However, the downstream signaling pathways that respond to Nox1-generated reactive oxygen species and mediate these events have not been described. METHODS Wild-type and knockout mice were fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and the transcriptional and cell signaling pathway responses in the colon measured. Corroboration of data generated in mice was done using in organoid tissue culture and in vivo gut injury models. RESULTS Ingestion of L rhamnosus GG induces elevated levels of leptin in the gut epithelia, which as well as functioning in the context of metabolism, has pleiotropic activity as a chemokine that triggers cell proliferation. Consistently, using gut epithelial-specific knockout mice, we show that L rhamnosus GG-induced elevated levels of leptin is dependent on a functional Nox1 protein in the colonic epithelium, and that L rhamnosus GG-induced cell proliferation is dependent on Nox1, leptin, and leptin receptor. We also show that L rhamnosus GG induces the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the gut in a Nox1, leptin, and leptin receptor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a novel role for leptin in the response to colonization by lactobacilli, where leptin functions in the transduction of signals from symbiotic bacteria to subepithelial compartments, where it modulates intestinal growth and homeostasis.
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19
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Mangini V, Maggi V, Trianni A, Melle F, De Luca E, Pennetta A, Del Sole R, Ventura G, Cataldi TRI, Fiammengo R. Directional Immobilization of Proteins on Gold Nanoparticles Is Essential for Their Biological Activity: Leptin as a Case Study. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:74-81. [PMID: 31851492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials hold great potential for biomedical applications. While this field is evolving rapidly, little attention has been paid to precise nanoparticle design and functionalization. Here, we show that when using proteins as targeting moieties, it is fundamental to immobilize them directionally to preserve their biological activity. Using full-length leptin as a case study, we have developed two alternative conjugation strategies for protein immobilization based on either a site-selective or a nonselective derivatization approach. We show that only nanoparticles with leptin immobilized site-selectively fully retain the ability to interact with the cognate leptin receptor. These results demonstrate the importance of a specified molecular design when preparing nanoparticles labeled with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mangini
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Vito Maggi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Alberta Trianni
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesca Melle
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Beni Culturali , Università del Salento , Via Dalmazio Birago 64 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Roberta Del Sole
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Roberto Fiammengo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
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20
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Wu Q, Li B, Li Z, Li J, Sun S, Sun S. Cancer-associated adipocytes: key players in breast cancer progression. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:95. [PMID: 31500658 PMCID: PMC6734503 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are one of the primary stromal cells in many tissues, and they are considered to play an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are not only found adjacent to cancer cells, but also communicate with cancer cells through releasing various factors that can mediate local and systemic effects. The adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk leads to phenotypical and functional changes of both cell types, which can further enhance tumor progression. Indeed, obesity, which is associated with an increase in adipose mass and an alteration of adipose tissue, is becoming pandemic in some countries and it is now considered to be an independent risk factor for cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms involved with special attention to the adipocyte-cancer cell circle in breast cancer. We envisage that besides having a direct impact on tumor cells, CAAs systemically preconditions the tumor microenvironment by favoring anti-tumor immunity. A better understanding of cancer-associated adipocytes and the key molecular events in the adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk will provide insights into tumor biology and permit the optimization of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Ziyang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Sabol RA, Bowles AC, Côté A, Wise R, O'Donnell B, Matossian MD, Hossain FM, Burks HE, Del Valle L, Miele L, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Leptin produced by obesity-altered adipose stem cells promotes metastasis but not tumorigenesis of triple-negative breast cancer in orthotopic xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:67. [PMID: 31118047 PMCID: PMC6530039 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive subtype of breast cancer with high rates of metastasis, tumor recurrence, and resistance to therapeutics. Obesity, defined by a high body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for breast cancer. Women with a high BMI have increased incidence and mortality of breast cancer; however, the mechanisms(s) by which obesity promotes tumor progression are not well understood. Methods In this study, obesity-altered adipose stem cells (obASCs) were used to evaluate obesity-mediated effects of TNBC. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses of TNBC cell lines were co-cultured with six pooled donors of obASCs (BMI > 30) or ASCs isolated from lean women (lnASCs) (BMI < 25). Results We found that obASCs promote a pro-metastatic phenotype by upregulating genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promoting migration in vitro. We confirmed our findings using a TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. PDX tumors grown in the presence of obASCS in SCID/beige mice had increased circulating HLA1+ human cells as well as increased numbers of CD44+CD24− cancer stem cells in the peripheral blood. Exposure of the TNBC PDX to obASCs also increased the formation of metastases. The knockdown of leptin expression in obASCs suppressed the pro-metastatic effects of obASCs. Conclusions Leptin signaling is a potential mechanism through which obASCs promote metastasis of TNBC in both in vitro and in vivo analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1153-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Sabol
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alex Côté
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rachel Wise
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Benjamen O'Donnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fokhrul M Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center (LCRC), LSUSHC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8699, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Hung WC, Tsai CM, Lin CW, Chuang CY, Yang SF, Weng CJ. Leptin -2548 G/A polymorphisms are associated to clinical progression of oral cancer and sensitive to oral tumorization in nonsmoking population. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15145-15156. [PMID: 31021458 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is causally associated with environmental carcinogens, and the susceptibility to carcinogen-mediated tumorigenesis is proposed to be genotype-dependent. Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) both play a crucial role in the mediation of physiological reactions and carcinogenesis and may serve as a candidate biomarker of oral cancer. The current case-control study aimed to examine the effects of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with or without interacting to environmental carcinogens on the risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The SNPs of three genetic allele, from 567 patients with oral cancer and 560 healthy controls in Taiwan were analyzed. The results shown that the patients with polymorphic allele of LEP -2548 have a significant low risk for the development of clinical stage (A/G: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.454-0.988, P < 0.05; A/G + G/G: AOR = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.467-0.978, P < 0.05) compared to patients with ancestral homozygous A/A genotype. In addition, an interesting result was found that the impact of LEP -2548 G/A SNP on oral carcinogenesis in subjects without tobacco consumption is higher than subjects with tobacco consumption. These results suggest that the genetic polymorphism of LEP -2548 G/A (rs7799039), LEPR K109R (rs1137100), and LEPR Q223R (rs1137101) were not associated to the susceptibility of oral cancer; SNP in LEP -2548 G/A showed a poor clinicopathological development of oral cancer; population without tobacco consumption and with polymorphic LEP -2548 G/A gene may significantly increase the risk to have oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Man Tsai
- Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hao JQ, Zhang QK, Zhou YX, Chen LH, Wu PF. Association between circulating leptin concentration and G-2548A gene polymorphism in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:275-283. [PMID: 30899280 PMCID: PMC6425221 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.75638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence on the serum/plasma leptin concentrations in breast cancer (BC) patients, as well as the associations between leptin G-2548A gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Potentially relevant studies about serum/plasma leptin levels and leptin G-2548A gene polymorphism were selected using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library (from January 1 1995 to Jun 30 2017, no language restrictions). The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed by the Q statistic and quantified using I2 ; publication bias was qualitatively assessed by funnel plot and quantitatively assessed by Egger's linear regression test. RESULTS A total of 1141 articles were retrieved after database searches, and 27 studies with 9516 subjects (4542 BC patients/4974 controls) were finally included. The results indicated that BC patients had significantly higher leptin levels compared with healthy controls (SMD = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.09, p < 0.001), but there was no association between leptin G-2548A polymorphism and BC (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.80-1.39, p = 0.722). Subgroup analyses demonstrated increased leptin levels in BC patients of different region, race, body mass index and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a significantly higher leptin level in BC patients than in healthy controls, but no association between leptin G-2548A polymorphism and BC susceptibility was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Hao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Kun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipocytes, which represent a substantial part of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, secrete several adipokines that affect tumorigenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance via multiple signaling pathways. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the role of leptin, adiponectin, autotaxin, and interleukin-6 in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response. Furthermore, we investigated adipokines as potential targets of breast cancer-specific drugs. Expert opinion: Adipokines and adipokine receptors are deregulated in breast cancer. Adipokines play various roles in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug response, hence, adipokine signaling could be an effective drug target. Several clinical trials are in progress to test the efficacy of adipokine targeting agents. However, adipokines also affect metabolic homeostasis; hence, the adverse effects of the targeted drug should be investigated and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
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Crean-Tate KK, Reizes O. Leptin Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3069-3080. [PMID: 29955847 PMCID: PMC6669812 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that obesity increases the incidence and worsens the prognosis of women's cancer. For breast cancer, women with obesity exhibit more than a twofold increase in the odds of being diagnosed with cancer, with a greater risk of advanced stage at diagnosis, and ≤40% greater risk of recurrence and death than their normal-weight counterparts. These findings are similar in gynecologic cancers, where women who are obese with a body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 have up to six times greater risk of developing endometrial cancer and a 9.2% increase in mortality with every 10% increase in BMI. Likewise, patients with obesity exhibit a twofold higher risk of premenopausal ovarian cancer, and patients who are obese with advanced stage ovarian cancer have shown a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival. Obesity is accompanied by changes in expression of adipose factors that act on local tissues and systemically. Once obesity was recognized as a factor in cancer incidence and progression, the adipose cytokine (adipokine) leptin became the focus of intense investigation as a putative link, with nearly 3000 publications on the topic. Leptin has been shown to increase cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and increase therapeutic resistance. These characteristics are associated with a subset of cells in both liquid and solid tumors known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor initiating cells. We will review the literature discussing leptin's role in breast and gynecologic cancer, focusing on its role in CSCs, and consider goals for targeting future therapy in this arena to disrupt tumor initiation and progression in women's cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K Crean-Tate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Correspondence: Ofer Reizes, PhD, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. E-mail:
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Gérard C, Brown KA. Obesity and breast cancer - Role of estrogens and the molecular underpinnings of aromatase regulation in breast adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:15-30. [PMID: 28919302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One in eight women will develop breast cancer over their lifetime making it the most common female cancer. The cause of breast cancer is multifactorial and includes hormonal, genetic and environmental cues. Obesity is now an accepted risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, particularly for the hormone-dependent subtype of breast cancer. Obesity, which is characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat, is at the origin of chronic inflammation of white adipose tissue and is associated with dramatic changes in the biology of adipocytes leading to their dysfunction. Inflammatory factors found in the breast of obese women considerably impact estrogen signaling, mainly by driving changes in aromatase expression the enzyme responsible for estrogen production, and therefore promote tumor formation and progression. There is thus a strong link between adipose inflammation and estrogen biosynthesis and their signaling pathways converge in obese patients. This review describes how obesity-related factors can affect the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer, highlighting the different molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in aromatase regulation, estrogen production and breast malignancy in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Gérard
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Gene set analysis of post-lactational mammary gland involution gene signatures in inflammatory and triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192689. [PMID: 29617367 PMCID: PMC5884491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have found that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and TN inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) are associated with lower frequency and duration of breast-feeding compared to non-TNBC and non-TN IBC, respectively. Limited breast-feeding could reflect abrupt or premature involution and contribute to a “primed” stroma that is permissive to the migration of cancer cells typical of IBC. We hypothesized that gene expression related to abrupt mammary gland involution after forced weaning may be enriched in the tissues of IBC patients and, if so, provide a potential correlation between limited breast-feeding and the development of aggressive breast cancer. Methods We utilized the Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) program to cluster significant signatures from two independent studies that analyzed gene expression at multiple time-points of mouse mammary gland involution. Using 10 significant signatures, we performed gene ontology analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on training and validation sets from human breast cancer gene expression data to identify specific genes that are enriched in IBC compared to non-IBC and in TN compared to non-TN in IBC and non-IBC groups. Results Examining the combined data, we identified 10 involution gene clusters (Inv1-10) that share time-dependent regulation after forced weaning. Inv5 was the only cluster significantly enriched in IBC in the training and validation set (nominal p-values <0.05) and only by unadjusted p-values (FDR q-values 0.26 and 0.46 respectively). Eight genes in Inv5 are upregulated in both the training and validation sets in IBC. Combining the training and validation sets, both Inv5 and Inv6 have nominal p-values <0.05 and q-values 0.39 and 0.20, respectively. The time course for both clusters includes genes that change within 12 hours after forced weaning. Conclusions Results from this in silico study suggest correlation between molecular events during abrupt involution and aggressive breast cancer. Specifically, candidate genes from Inv5 merit functional investigation regarding the role of limited breast-feeding in IBC development.
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Down Syndrome, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cancer: A Brief Review and Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8040053. [PMID: 29587359 PMCID: PMC5924389 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (trisomy 21), a complex mix of physical, mental, and biochemical issues, includes an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and childhood leukemia, a decreased risk of other tumors, and a high frequency of overweight/obesity. Certain features related to the third copy of chromosome 21 (which carries the APP gene and several anti-angiogenesis genes) create an environment favorable for Alzheimer’s disease and unfavorable for cancer. This environment may be enhanced by two bioactive compounds from fat cells, leptin, and adiponectin. This paper outlines these fat-related disease mechanisms and suggests new avenues of research to reduce disease risk in Down syndrome.
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Lopes-Coelho F, Gouveia-Fernandes S, Serpa J. Metabolic cooperation between cancer and non-cancerous stromal cells is pivotal in cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318756203. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318756203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The way cancer cells adapt to microenvironment is crucial for the success of carcinogenesis, and metabolic fitness is essential for a cancer cell to survive and proliferate in a certain organ/tissue. The metabolic remodeling in a tumor niche is endured not only by cancer cells but also by non-cancerous cells that share the same microenvironment. For this reason, tumor cells and stromal cells constitute a complex network of signal and organic compound transfer that supports cellular viability and proliferation. The intensive dual-address cooperation of all components of a tumor sustains disease progression and metastasis. Herein, we will detail the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated adipocytes, and inflammatory cells, mainly monocytes/macrophages (tumor-associated macrophages), in the remodeling and metabolic adaptation of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
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Zwezdaryk K, Sullivan D, Saifudeen Z. The p53/Adipose-Tissue/Cancer Nexus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:457. [PMID: 30158901 PMCID: PMC6104444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the resultant metabolic complications have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In addition to the systemic metabolic disturbances in obesity that are associated with cancer initiation and progression, the presence of adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes significantly to malignancy through direct cell-cell interaction or paracrine signaling. This chronic inflammatory state can be maintained by p53-associated mechanisms. Increased p53 levels that are observed in obesity exacerbate the release of inflammatory cytokines that fuel cancer initiation and progression. Dysregulated adipose tissue signaling from the TME can reprogram tumor cell metabolism. The links between p53, cellular metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction and how they relate to cancer, will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin Zwezdaryk
| | - Deborah Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Deborah Sullivan
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Zubaida Saifudeen
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31
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Choi J, Cha YJ, Koo JS. Adipocyte biology in breast cancer: From silent bystander to active facilitator. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu Y, Choi DS, Sheng J, Ensor JE, Liang DH, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Polley A, Benz S, Elemento O, Verma A, Cong Y, Wong H, Qian W, Li Z, Granados-Principal S, Lopez-Berestein G, Landis MD, Rosato RR, Dave B, Wong S, Marchetti D, Sood AK, Chang JC. HN1L Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Stem Cells through LEPR-STAT3 Pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:212-227. [PMID: 29249663 PMCID: PMC5768915 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that HEMATOLOGICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL EXPRESSED 1-LIKE (HN1L) is a targetable breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) gene that is altered in 25% of whole breast cancer and significantly correlated with shorter overall or relapse-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. HN1L silencing reduced the population of BCSCs, inhibited tumor initiation, resensitized chemoresistant tumors to docetaxel, and hindered cancer progression in multiple TNBC cell line-derived xenografts. Additionally, gene signatures associated with HN1L correlated with shorter disease-free survival of TNBC patients. We defined HN1L as a BCSC transcription regulator for genes involved in the LEPR-STAT3 signaling axis as HN1L binds to a putative consensus upstream sequence of STAT3, LEPTIN RECEPTOR, and MIR-150. Our data reveal that BCSCs in TNBC depend on the transcription regulator HN1L for the sustained activation of the LEPR-STAT3 pathway, which makes it a potentially important target for both prognosis and BCSC therapy. HN1L expression is correlated with shorter survival of TNBC patients HN1L regulates BCSCs by promoting the STAT3 signaling pathway HN1L: novel transcription regulator of LEPR and miR-150, upstream regulators of STAT3 HN1L-regulated gene signatures can predict clinical outcomes in TNBC patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Soon Choi
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joe E Ensor
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana Hwang Liang
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Steve Benz
- NantOmics, LLC, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yang Cong
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Wong
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa D Landis
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Dave
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dario Marchetti
- Biomarker Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, Floor 24, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Estrogen receptor signaling mediates leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109417-109435. [PMID: 29312618 PMCID: PMC5752531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone derived from adipose tissue, promotes growth of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. Estrogen receptor signaling is also known to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the involvement of estrogen receptor signaling in the oncogenic actions of leptin and its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated mechanisms for estrogen receptor signaling-mediated growth of breast cancer cells, particularly focusing on autophagy, which plays a crucial role in leptin-induced tumor growth. Inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling via gene silencing or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor (tamoxifen) abolished leptin-induced growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, leptin-induced autophagy activation, determined by up-regulation of autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formation, was also significantly suppressed by inhibiting estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, inhibition of estrogen receptor markedly prevented leptin-induced activation of AMPK/FoxO3A axis, which plays a crucial role in autophagy induction. Leptin-induced cell cycle progression and Bax down-regulation were also prevented by treatment with tamoxifen. The pivotal roles of estrogen receptor signaling in leptin-induced cell cycle progression, apoptosis suppression, and autophagy induction were further confirmed in MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estrogen receptor signaling plays a key role in leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy activation.
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Expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 Receptors as Leptin-Breast Cancer Regulation Mechanisms. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:4862016. [PMID: 29311755 PMCID: PMC5605926 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4862016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of breast cancer is influenced by the adipose tissue through the proteins leptin and adiponectin. However, there is little research concerning AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors and the influence of leptin over them. The objective of this work was to analyze the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, modulated by differential concentrations of leptin in an obesity model (10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 1000 ng/mL) associated with breast cancer in MCF-7 and HCC1937 cell lines. Each cell line was characterized through immunohistochemistry, and the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 was analyzed by PCR in real time using TaqMan® probes. Leptin induced an increase in cell population of MCF-7 (23.8%, 10 ng/mL, 48 h) and HCC1937 (17.24%, 1000 ng/mL, 72 h). In MCF-7, the expression of AdipoR1 decreased (3.81%, 1000 ng/mL) and the expression of AdipoR2 increased by 13.74 times (10 ng/mL) with regard to the control. In HCC1937, the expression of AdipoR1 decreased by 86.28% (10 ng/mL), as well as the expression of AdipoR2 (50.3%, 100 ng/mL). In regard to the results obtained, it could be concluded that leptin has an effect over the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA.
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Superactive human leptin antagonist (SHLA), triple Lan1 and quadruple Lan2 leptin mutein as a promising treatment for human folliculoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:815-827. [PMID: 28861689 PMCID: PMC5608790 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no data showing a direct correlation between obesity and increased blood leptin levels with folliculoma. Moreover, folliculoma is not the best studied among other ovarian cancer types. We investigated whether oestradiol can modulate ObR expression in some oestrogen-responsive tissues and that leptin exerts its activity not only via the leptin receptor but also through cross talk with other signalling systems. We hypothesise that blocking ObR expression could be a novel treatment for gonadal ovarian cancer. METHODS We evaluated the effect of SHLA, Lan1 and Lan2 blockers on cell proliferation (BrdU incorporation assay), ObR and ERα/β gene expression (qPCR), oestradiol secretion (ELISA) and cell cycle protein expression (Western blot) in the non-cancerous cell line HGrC1 and two granulosa cancer cell lines: the juvenile form (COV434) and the adult form (KGN). RESULTS ObR gene expression in cancer cell lines was 50% higher than in the non-cancer cells. Lan-1 and Lan-2 decreased ObR expression in COV434, while it had no effect in KGN cells. Higher ERβ expression in non-cancer and higher ERα expression in both cancer cell lines was noted. SHLA and Lan-1 changed the ratio towards greater expression of ERβ, characteristic of non-cancer granulosa cells. All ObR antagonists in HCrC1 and KGN but only Lan-2 in COV434 reversed leptin-stimulated proliferation. In both non-cancer and cancer granulosa cells, leptin acts as a cyclinD/cdk4, cyclin A/cdk2 and E2F inhibitor. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SHLA and Lan2 are promising leptin receptor inhibitors that can eliminate the negative effects of leptin. These compounds should be considered in further ex vivo studies on the cancer microenvironment.
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Thiagarajan PS, Zheng Q, Bhagrath M, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Myers MG, Lathia JD, Reizes O. STAT3 activation by leptin receptor is essential for TNBC stem cell maintenance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:415-426. [PMID: 28729467 PMCID: PMC5551450 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) binds to the long form of the leptin receptor (LEPRb), leading to the activation of multiple signaling pathways that are potential targets for disrupting the obesity-breast cancer link. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), LEP is hypothesized to predominantly mediate its tumorigenic effects via a subpopulation of LEPRb-positive tumor cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can initiate tumors and induce tumor progression. Previously, we showed that LEP promotes CSC survival in vivo Moreover, silencing LEPRb in TNBC cells compromised the CSC state. The mechanisms by which LEPRb regulates TNBC CSC intracellular signaling are not clear. We hypothesized that activation of LEPRb signaling is sufficient to drive CSC maintenance in TNBC. Here, we show that activation of LEPRb in non-CSCs isolated using our CSC reporter system resulted in a transition to the stem cell state. In CSCs, LEP induced STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas LEP did not induce STAT3 phosphorylation in non-CSCs. Introduction of constitutively active STAT3 into LEPRb-transfected non-CSCs significantly induced NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 expression compared with control non-CSCs. To determine the intracellular phospho-tyrosine residue of LEPRb that is necessary for the induction of the stem cell state in non-CSCs, we transfected the tyrosine residue point mutants L985, F1077 and S1138 into non-CSCs. Non-CSCs transfected with the L985 mutant exhibited increased STAT3 phosphorylation, increased SOCS3 expression and an induction of GFP expression compared with non-CSCs expressing the F1077 and S1138 mutants. Our data demonstrate that LEPRb-induced STAT3 activation is essential for the induction and maintenance of TNBC CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Manvir Bhagrath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, de Silva ED. Protective Effects of Six Selected Dietary Compounds against Leptin-Induced Proliferation of Oestrogen Receptor Positive (MCF-7) Breast Cancer Cells. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4030056. [PMID: 28930270 PMCID: PMC5622391 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity is considered as one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Leptin has been found to be involved in breast cancer progression. Therefore, novel approaches to antagonize biological effects of leptin are much needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of six dietary compounds (quercetin, curcumin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid and catechin) and assess the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in leptin-stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods: MCF-7 cells were exposed to leptin, leptin and compound and compound alone for 48 h. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and fluorometric assays after 48 h incubation. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was quantified by ELISA. Results: Only quercetin, curcumin and EGCG showed significant protective effects against leptin-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to leptin was reduced by the addition of quercetin, curcumin and EGCG. Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of obesity, this observation provides a rationale for use of curcumin, quercetin and EGCG as antagonists of leptin in the treatment of obese breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sameera Ranganath Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ira Thabrew
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - E Dilip de Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka.
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Hoy AJ, Balaban S, Saunders DN. Adipocyte-Tumor Cell Metabolic Crosstalk in Breast Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:381-392. [PMID: 28330687 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor stroma is a heterogeneous ecosystem comprising matrix, fibroblasts, and immune cells and has an important role in cancer progression. Adipocytes constitute a major component of breast stroma, and significant emerging evidence demonstrates a reciprocal metabolic adaptation between stromal adipocytes and breast cancer (BC) cells. Recent observations promote a model where adipocytes respond to cancer cell-derived endocrine and paracrine signaling to provide metabolic substrates, which in turn drive enhanced cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and treatment resistance. Further defining the mechanisms that underpin this dynamic interaction between stromal adipocytes and BC cells, especially in the context of obesity, may identify novel therapeutic strategies. These will become increasingly important in addressing the clinical challenges presented by obesity and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Seher Balaban
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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Wang M, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wei F, Lian Y, Wu Y, Gong Z, Zhang S, Zhou J, Cao K, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Zeng Z, Guo C. Role of tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis. J Cancer 2017; 8:761-773. [PMID: 28382138 PMCID: PMC5381164 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, consisting of three stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors are encircled by extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells, and the physiological state of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely connected to every step of tumorigenesis. Evidence suggests that the vital components of the TME are fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, neuroendocrine cells, adipose cells, immune and inflammatory cells, the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, and ECM. This manuscript, based on the current studies of the TME, offers a more comprehensive overview of the primary functions of each component of the TME in cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. The manuscript also includes primary therapeutic targeting markers for each player, which may be helpful in treating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yingfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Qiang R, Cai N, Wang X, Wang L, Cui K, Wang X, Li X. MLL1 promotes cervical carcinoma cell tumorigenesis and metastasis through interaction with β-catenin. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6631-6640. [PMID: 27843326 PMCID: PMC5098588 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL protein genes encode a family of crucial transcription factors that play a key role in multiple cancer development. The functions of different MLL proteins have not been definitively studied. MLL1 is a histone methyltransferase that mediates histone H3 lysine 4, and it has been found to have aberrant expression in several tumors. However, the function of MLL1 in cervical carcinoma is little known. We used tissue analysis, cell culture experiments, and molecular profiling to investigate the mechanism of MLL1 in cervical carcinoma development. We report here that MLL1 is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma tissues and cell lines, and its overexpression is correlated with the tumor grade. Through FACScan flow cytometry assay, we found that MLL1 promotes cell proliferation by promoting the G1/S transition through transcriptional activation of CCND1 in cervical carcinoma cells. Furthermore, we utilized co-immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays to identify β-catenin as the transcription partner for MLL1 and demonstrated that MLL1 and β-catenin act in synergy in the transcriptional activation of CCND1 in cervical carcinoma cells. In addition, transwell assay and anchorage-independent cell growth assay also revealed that MLL1 promotes metastasis of cervical carcinoma cells through interaction with β-catenin. Our study not only demonstrated a role for MLL1 in the proliferation and metastasis of cervical carcinoma cells but also revealed the interaction of MLL1 with β-catenin to play a different role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Cai
- Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cui
- Medical Heredity Research Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
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Fiedor E, Gregoraszczuk EŁ. The molecular mechanism of action of superactive human leptin antagonist (SHLA) and quadruple leptin mutein Lan-2 on human ovarian epithelial cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:611-22. [PMID: 27480179 PMCID: PMC5010610 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A number of leptin receptor antagonists have been synthesised for therapeutic use, with pre-clinical tests suggesting their future use in anticancer therapy. To our knowledge, there are no data concerning the possible application of leptin receptor blockers in ovarian cancer. Methods In this study, we evaluated two leptin receptor antagonists: superactive human leptin antagonist (SHLA) and quadruple leptin mutein, Lan-2 (L39A/D40A/F41A/I42A), on cell proliferation (Alamar Blue test, BrdU assay), cell cycle gene (qPCR) and protein expression (Western blot) and cell signalling pathways (Western blot) in three different types of cell lines: OVCAR-3, CaOV-3 and HOSEpiC. Results Both receptor blockers had no effect on non-cancerous HOSEpiC cell line proliferation; however, both reversed the stimulatory effect of leptin on CaOV-3 cell line proliferation to control levels and to below control levels in OVCAR-3 cells. In metastatic carcinoma CaOV-3, both ObR antagonists had an inhibitory effect on the cdk2/cyclin D1 complex, while in serous carcinoma, OVCAR-3, they only had an effect on cdk2 and cdk4 protein expression. SHLA had an inhibitory effect on all investigated signalling pathways in OVCAR-3, while only on Stat3 in CaOV-3. Lan-2 had an inhibitory effect on Stat3 and ERK1/2 in CaOV-3, while in OVCAR-3 it only affected Akt protein phosphorylation. Conclusion Based on these results, we conclude that SHLA and Lan-2 are promising leptin receptor inhibitors which could be used to block leptin activity, eliminating its negative effects on activities related to carcinogenesis. However, the selection of a specific antagonist should be related to tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Fiedor
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Łucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Chair of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Hosoi T, Kohda T, Matsuzaki S, Ishiguchi M, Kuwamura A, Akita T, Tanaka J, Ozawa K. Key role of heat shock protein 90 in leptin-induced STAT3 activation and feeding regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2434-45. [PMID: 27205876 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Leptin, an important regulator of the energy balance, acts on the brain to inhibit feeding. However, the mechanisms involved in leptin signalling have not yet been fully elucidated. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is involved in regulating cellular homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of HSP90 in leptin signal transduction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cell lines stably transfected with the Ob-Rb leptin receptor (HEK293 Ob-Rb, SH-SY5Y Ob-Rb) were used in the present study. Phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was analysed by western blotting. An HSP90 inhibitor was administered i.c.v. into rats and their food intake was analysed. KEY RESULTS The knock-down of HSP90 in the HEK293 Ob-Rb cell line attenuated leptin-induced JAK2 and STAT3 signalling. Moreover, leptin-induced JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation was markedly attenuated by the HSP90 inhibitors geldanamycin, radicicol and novobiocin. However, these effects were not mediated through previously known factors, which are known to be involved in the development of leptin resistance, such as suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 or endoplasmic reticulum stress. The infusion of an HSP90 inhibitor into the CNS blunted the anorexigenic actions of leptin in rats (male Wister rat). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HSP90 may be a novel factor involved in leptin-mediated signalling that is linked to anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hosoi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kohda
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syu Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ishiguchi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kuwamura
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
Obesity is not a cosmetic or social issue; it is an animal health issue. The metabolic effects of obesity on insulin resistance and development of hyperlipidemia and the mechanical stress excess weight places on the musculoskeletal system are well established in the literature. Additional health risks from obesity, such as fatty accumulation in the liver, intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, and changes to renal architecture, are less well understood, but have been demonstrated to occur clinically in obese animals and may lead to deleterious long-term health effects. Keeping dogs and cats lean lowers their risk for development of certain diseases and leads to a longer and better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Weeth
- Weeth Nutrition Services, 25 Chester Street, Edinburgh EH3 7EN, UK; Clinical Nutrition Department, Telemedicine Services, Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, 1111 West Loop South, Houston, TX 77027, USA.
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Simone V, D'Avenia M, Argentiero A, Felici C, Rizzo FM, De Pergola G, Silvestris F. Obesity and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interconnections and Potential Clinical Applications. Oncologist 2016; 21:404-17. [PMID: 26865587 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is an important risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women; interlinked molecular mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis. Increased levels of estrogens due to aromatization of the adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin E2, insulin resistance and hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors pathways, adipokines, and oxidative stress are all abnormally regulated in obese women and contribute to cancerogenesis. These molecular factors interfere with intracellular signaling in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which regulate the progression of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and protein synthesis. In this context, structural defects of typical genes related to both BC and obesity, such as leptin, leptin receptor, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene and melanocortin receptor 4, have been associated with a high or low risk of BC development. The early detection of these gene alterations might be useful as risk predictors in obese women, and targeting these pathways involved in the BC pathogenesis in obese women is a potential therapeutic tool. In particular, mTOR pathway deregulation concurs in both obesity and BC, and inhibition of this might disrupt the molecular interlinks in a similar manner to that of metformin, which exerts definite anticancer activity and is currently used as an antidiabetic drug with a weight-reducing property. The identification of both genetic and pharmacological implications on the prevention and management of BC is the ultimate aim of these studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Obese women are at risk of breast cancer, but clinicians lack concrete tools for the prevention or early diagnosis of this risk. The present study, starting from the biology and the molecular defects characterizing both obesity and breast cancer, analyzed the potential molecules and genetic defects whose early identification could delineate a risk profile. Three steps are proposed that are potentially achievable in the clinical assessment of obese women, namely the evaluation of altered levels of serum molecules, the identification of genetic polymorphisms, and the study of the transcriptomic profile of premalignant lesions. Finally, the therapeutic implications of this molecular assessment were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Morena D'Avenia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
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Leptin produced by obese adipose stromal/stem cells enhances proliferation and metastasis of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:112. [PMID: 26286584 PMCID: PMC4541745 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The steady increase in the incidence of obesity among adults has been paralleled with higher levels of obesity-associated breast cancer. While recent studies have suggested that adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) isolated from obese women enhance tumorigenicity, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remains undefined. Evidence suggests that increased adiposity results in increased leptin secretion from adipose tissue, which has been shown to increased cancer cell proliferation. Previously, our group demonstrated that ASCs isolated from obese women (obASCs) also express higher levels of leptin relative to ASCs isolated from lean women (lnASCs) and that this obASC-derived leptin may account for enhanced breast cancer cell growth. The current study investigates the impact of inhibiting leptin expression in lnASCs and obASCs on breast cancer cell (BCC) growth and progression. Methods Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BCCs were co-cultured with leptin shRNA lnASCs or leptin shRNA obASCs and changes in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of BCCs were investigated. To assess the direct impact of leptin inhibition in obASCs on BCC proliferation, MCF7 cells were injected alone or mixed with control shRNA obASCs or leptin shRNA obASCs into SCID/beige mice. Results ER+ BCCs were responsive to obASCs during direct co-culture, whereas lnASCs were unable to increase ER+ BCC growth. shRNA silencing of leptin in obASCs negated the enhanced proliferative effects of obASC on BCCs following direct co-culture. BCCs co-cultured with obASCs demonstrated enhanced expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis genes (SERPINE1, MMP-2, and IL-6), while BCCs co-cultured with leptin shRNA obASCs did not display similar levels of gene induction. Knockdown of leptin significantly reduced tumor volume and decreased the number of metastatic lesions to the lung and liver. These results correlated with reduced expression of both SERPINE1 and MMP-2 in tumors formed with MCF7 cells mixed with leptin shRNA obASCs, when compared to tumors formed with MCF7 cells mixed with control shRNA obASCs. Conclusion This study provides mechanistic insight as to how obesity enhances the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells; specifically, obASC-derived leptin contributes to the aggressiveness of breast cancer in obese women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0622-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Delort L, Rossary A, Farges MC, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F. Leptin, adipocytes and breast cancer: Focus on inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. Life Sci 2015; 140:37-48. [PMID: 25957709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one million new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year and more than 400,000 deaths are caused by the disease. The origin of this pathology is multifactorial and involved genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors including obesity in postmenopausal women. The role played by the adipose tissue and their secretions, ie adipokines, is beginning to be recognized. Plasma adipokine levels, which are modulated during obesity, could have “remote” effects on mammary carcinogenesis. Breast cancer cells are surrounded and locally influenced by an adipocyte microenvironment, which is probably more extensive in obese people. Hence, leptin appears to be strongly involved in mammary carcinogenesis and may contribute to the local pro-inflammatory mechanisms, especially in obese patients, who have increased metastatic potential and greater risk of mortality. This review presents the multifaceted role of leptin in breast cancer development and the different molecular pathways involved such as inflammation, oxidative stress and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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48
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Catalano S, Leggio A, Barone I, De Marco R, Gelsomino L, Campana A, Malivindi R, Panza S, Giordano C, Liguori A, Bonofiglio D, Liguori A, Andò S. A novel leptin antagonist peptide inhibits breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1122-32. [PMID: 25721149 PMCID: PMC4420614 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the obesity cytokine leptin in breast cancer progression has raised interest in interfering with leptin's actions as a valuable therapeutic strategy. Leptin interacts with its receptor through three different binding sites: I–III. Site I is crucial for the formation of an active leptin–leptin receptor complex and in its subsequent activation. Amino acids 39-42 (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile- LDFI) were shown to contribute to leptin binding site I and their mutations in alanine resulted in muteins acting as typical antagonists. We synthesized a small peptide based on the wild-type sequence of leptin binding site I (LDFI) and evaluated its efficacy in antagonizing leptin actions in breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The peptide LDFI abolished the leptin-induced anchorage-dependent and -independent growth as well as the migration of ERα-positive (MCF-7) and -negative (SKBR3) breast cancer cells. These results were well correlated with a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of leptin downstream effectors, as JAK2/STAT3/AKT/MAPK. Importantly, the peptide LDFI reversed the leptin-mediated up-regulation of its gene expression, as an additional mechanism able to enhance the peptide antagonistic activity. The described effects were specific for leptin signalling, since the developed peptide was not able to antagonize the other growth factors' actions on signalling activation, proliferation and migration. Finally, we showed that the LDFI pegylated peptide markedly reduced breast tumour growth in xenograft models. The unmodified peptide LDFI acting as a full leptin antagonist could become an attractive option for breast cancer treatment, especially in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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49
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Zabeau L, Peelman F, Tavernier J. Antagonizing leptin: current status and future directions. Biol Chem 2014; 395:499-514. [PMID: 24523306 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine leptin acts as a metabolic switch, connecting the body's nutritional status to high energy consuming processes such as reproduction and immune responses. Inappropriate leptin responses can promote autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss the current strategies to modulate leptin signaling and the possibilities for their use in research and therapy.
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50
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Andò S, Barone I, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S. The Multifaceted Mechanism of Leptin Signaling within Tumor Microenvironment in Driving Breast Cancer Growth and Progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4:340. [PMID: 25505738 PMCID: PMC4245002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines represent likely candidates to mediate the increased breast cancer risk and the enhanced progression associated with obesity. Other contributors to obesity-related cancer progression are insulin/IGF-1 pathways and hormones. Among these, the adipokine leptin is the most intensively studied in both metabolism in general and in cancer due to the fact that leptin levels increase in proportion of fat mass. Leptin is primarily synthesized from adipocytes but it is also produced by other cells including fibroblasts. In this latter case, it has been well demonstrated how cancer-associated fibroblasts express leptin receptor and secrete leptin, which sustains a short autocrine loop and is able to target tumor epithelial cells enhancing breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness. In addition, it has been reported that leptin may induce breast cancer to undergo a transition from epithelial to spindle-like mesenchymal morphology, activating the signaling pathways devoted to the EMT. Thus, it emerges how leptin may play a crucial role in mediating malignant cell and tumor microenvironment interactions. Here, we present an overview of the role of leptin in breast cancer, covering the following topics: (1) leptin as an amplifier of estrogen signaling in tumor epithelial cells contributing to the promotion of carcinogenesis; (2) leptin as a crucial player in mediating tumor-stroma interaction and influencing EMT-linked mechanisms, that may sustain breast cancer growth and progression; (3) leptin and leptin receptor targeting as novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | | | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
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